CN114001804A - Calibration method and system of ultrasonic metering device based on time difference method - Google Patents
Calibration method and system of ultrasonic metering device based on time difference method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a calibration method and a system of an ultrasonic metering device based on a time difference method, which uses air to simulate gas to construct a pipeline environment, calculates a group of theoretical flight time based on a static air calibration environment, and a group of actual flight time is collected, calibration is carried out according to the theoretical flight time and the actual flight time, the delay time is indirectly obtained, the influence of factors such as manufacturing process difference, nonlinearity and the like of hardware of the ultrasonic transducer is considered, the delay time caused by the hardware and the ultrasonic transmission process is not required to be directly and accurately calculated, the calculation amount and the cost are reduced, the delay time difference caused by the hardware of the ultrasonic transducer is calculated before the ultrasonic metering device is used, so that the metering precision of the ultrasonic metering device is improved, the method is simple and convenient to implement, and provides an accurate data base for subsequent calculation of the ultrasonic metering device.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of flowmeter calibration, in particular to a calibration method and a calibration system of an ultrasonic metering device based on a time difference method.
Background
Along with the increasingly high requirement of gas measurement precision in the gas measurement field, ultrasonic gas meters are emerging. Compared with a membrane type gas meter, the ultrasonic gas meter has the advantages of wide measuring range, small volume, simple structure, high measuring precision, good stability and the like; the ultrasonic gas meter has the advantages of non-contact measurement, no movable part, no pressure loss, extremely high measurement precision and the like, and is a research hotspot in the field of gas measurement. The metering principle of the ultrasonic gas meter is that the instantaneous flow is estimated by utilizing the difference of the time of ultrasonic waves in the forward flow direction and the backward flow direction. The estimation of the average flow velocity is governed primarily by the time difference Δ T between the time of flight up and the time of flight down, without taking into account that the speed of sound is influenced by the environment within the pipe. Limited by the performance of the ultrasonic transducer and the hardware cost, accurate estimation of Δ T cannot rely solely on increasing the sampling density to the target granularity. Therefore, it is necessary to complete accurate estimation of Δ T by numerical calculation at a low sampling frequency.
However, when the time of flight and the time of flight are measured, on one hand, due to the performance and cost of the hardware of the ultrasonic transducer, a certain delay error is caused to the measurement of the time of flight and the time of flight;
since the transmission of the ultrasonic transducer is converted from electricity to mechanical vibration through the piezoelectric ceramic and is transmitted through the gas medium, the ultrasonic transducer reaches the receiving end in an inverse process, that is, the mechanical vibration (mechanical energy) is converted into electric energy (that is, the voltage of a received signal), the starting vibration of the ultrasonic wave is a process from small to large due to the influence of inertia, the received signal which just starts is very weak, and the signal which just starts is submerged in noise due to the influence of various noises, so that in order to stabilize the arrival time of the detection signal, a time delay is taken as the arrival time of the received signal, for example, the arrival time at 15% of the maximum envelope amplitude. Therefore, a fixed time offset Toffset is introduced, the current fixed time offset Toffset is basically determined by an estimation method, and the determination of the fixed time offset Toffset further influences the metering accuracy of the flowmeter. If the fixed offset can be accurately measured and compensated and eliminated in the actual measurement, the flow metering accuracy can be improved.
A calibration method is therefore needed to compensate for the above-mentioned errors.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem that when the upper flying time and the lower flying time are measured, the measurement precision of a flowmeter is influenced by the determination of parameters such as the upper flying time, the lower flying time, the offset Toffset of fixed time and the like due to the transmission characteristics of an ultrasonic transducer; the invention aims to provide a calibration method and a calibration system of an ultrasonic metering device based on a time difference method, so as to solve the technical problems.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the scheme provides a calibration method of an ultrasonic metering device based on a time difference method, which comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: starting the ultrasonic metering device to be calibrated in a static air calibration environment;
step two: collecting environmental parameters of a static air calibration environment and the actual flight time t of ultrasonic waves in the static air calibration environments；
Step three: calculating the propagation speed C of the ultrasonic wave in the static air calibration environment according to the environmental parametersf，
Step four: based on environmental parameters and propagation speed CfCalculating theoretical flight time t of ultrasonic waves in static air calibration environment according to a time difference method modell；
Step five: theoretical flight time t based on ultrasonic wave in static air calibration environmentlAnd the actual time of flight tsThe ultrasonic metering device is calibrated.
The working principle of the scheme is as follows: the time of ultrasonic wave passing through fluid in the flow meter of the time difference method is an important parameter in the metering process, the influence of the determination of parameters such as the upper flight time, the lower flight time, the fixed time offset Toffset and the like on the metering precision of the flow meter is usually ignored in the calibration process of the existing flow meter, the transmission of the ultrasonic transducer is an inverse process of converting electricity into mechanical vibration through piezoelectric ceramics and transmitting through a gas medium to reach a receiving end transducer, namely converting the mechanical vibration (mechanical energy) into electric energy (namely receiving signal voltage), the starting vibration of the ultrasonic wave is a process from small to large due to the influence of inertia, the received signal which just starts is very weak, and the just starting signal can be submerged in noise due to the influence of various noises, so in order to stabilize the arrival time of the detection signal, a period of time can be delayed, for example, the arrival time at 15% of the maximum envelope amplitude as the arrival time of the received signal. Therefore, a fixed time offset Toffset is introduced, the current fixed time offset Toffset is basically determined by an estimation method, the determination of the fixed time offset Toffset further influences the metering precision of the flowmeter, namely the estimated flight time comprises the actual flight time of ultrasonic waves and delay time, and the delay time is mainly caused by the process of determining the upper flight time, the lower flight time and the fixed time offset Toffset;
the scheme provides a calibration method and a system of an ultrasonic metering device based on a time difference method, which uses air to simulate fuel gas to construct a pipeline environment, calculates a group of theoretical flight time based on a static air calibration environment, collects a group of actual flight time, calibrates according to the theoretical flight time and the actual flight time, indirectly obtains delay time caused by determining parameters such as upper flight time, lower flight time, fixed time offset Toffset and the like, considers the factors such as manufacturing process difference, nonlinearity and the like of ultrasonic transducer hardware, does not need to directly calculate the delay time caused by the hardware, reduces calculated amount and cost, calculates the delay time difference caused by the ultrasonic transducer hardware before the ultrasonic metering device is used, not only improves the metering precision of the ultrasonic metering device, but also has simple method and convenient implementation, and an accurate data base is provided for the subsequent calculation of the ultrasonic metering device.
The ultrasonic flight time error caused by factors such as the starting delay of hardware such as a flowmeter transducer is ignored,
when the flowmeter is calibrated in the prior art, the flowmeter can be calibrated in the air and can be calibrated in real gas, the calibration in real gas still has certain potential safety hazard, the operations of collecting and filtering waste gas and the like are also needed, and the calibration process is complex; the scheme is calibrated in the air, so that the noodle maker is convenient and safe to operate, and is environment-friendly and energy-saving.
The further optimization scheme is that the static air calibration environment is in a closed pipeline at room temperature, the inner cavity of the pipeline is filled with air, and the section of the inner cavity of the pipeline is circular or rectangular.
In a further optimization scheme, the environmental parameters of the static air calibration environment comprise: a static air specific heat ratio, a static air pressure, and a static air density.
The further optimization scheme is that the propagation speed C of the ultrasonic waves in the static air calibration environmentfThe calculation method comprises the following steps:
according to the formula
Calculating the propagation velocity Cf；
Where γ is the ratio of the specific heat of the still air, P is the pressure of the still air, and ρ is the density of the still air.
The further optimization scheme is that the time difference model is as follows:
in the formula: t is tupTime of flight of ultrasonic waves in the pipe, tdownIs the lower flight time of the ultrasonic wave in the pipeline; l is the vocal tract length of the ultrasonic wave,
is the channel angle of the ultrasonic wave; vmIs the average velocity of the fluid in the pipe, V in still airm＝0。
When in static air VmWhen being equal to 0, the flow velocity of the fluid in the pipeline is offset in the process of calculating the flight time, the calculation is not participated, the flight time is not influenced, and the calibration precision is effectively improved.
The actual use principle of the ultrasonic metering device used in the calibration process is more consistent with the actual use process, and V in the static airm0, such that the process of calculating time of flightIn addition, the flow velocity of the fluid in the pipeline is offset, calculation is not involved, the flight time is not affected, and the calibration precision is effectively improved.
The further optimization scheme is that the concrete method of the fifth step comprises the following steps:
first, the theoretical time of flight t is calculatedlAnd the actual time of flight tsThe difference δ t of (d);
then, δ t is compensated into the measurement of the ultrasonic measuring device.
The scheme also provides a calibration system based on the time difference method ultrasonic metering device, which is constructed based on the calibration method based on the time difference method ultrasonic metering device and comprises the following steps: the device comprises a starting module, an acquisition module, a first calculation module, a second calculation module and a calibration module;
the starting module is used for starting the ultrasonic metering device to be calibrated in a static air calibration environment;
the acquisition module is used for acquiring environmental parameters of the static air calibration environment and the actual flight time t of the ultrasonic waves in the static air calibration environments；
The first calculation module is used for calculating the propagation speed C of the ultrasonic waves in the static air calibration environment according to the environmental parametersf，
The second calculation module is used for calculating the propagation speed C based on the environmental parametersfCalculating theoretical flight time t of ultrasonic waves in static air calibration environment according to a time difference method modell；
The calibration module is used for calibrating the theoretical flight time t of the environment based on ultrasonic waves in static airlAnd the actual time of flight tsThe ultrasonic metering device is calibrated.
The further optimization scheme is that the static air calibration environment is in a closed pipeline at room temperature, the inner cavity of the pipeline is filled with air, and the section of the inner cavity of the pipeline is circular or rectangular.
The further optimization scheme is that the static acquisition module comprises: the device comprises a specific heat ratio acquisition unit, a pressure acquisition unit, a density acquisition unit and a flight time acquisition unit;
the specific heat ratio acquisition unit is used for acquiring the specific heat ratio of the still air in the still air calibration environment;
the pressure acquisition unit is used for acquiring the pressure of the static air in the static air calibration environment;
the density acquisition unit is used for acquiring the density of the still air in the still air calibration environment.
The further optimization scheme is that the propagation speed C of the ultrasonic waves in the static air calibration environmentfThe calculation method comprises the following steps:
according to the formula
Calculate Cf；
Where γ is the ratio of the specific heat of the still air, P is the pressure of the still air, and ρ is the density of the still air.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
the invention provides a calibration method and a system of an ultrasonic metering device based on a time difference method, which uses air to simulate gas to construct a pipeline environment, calculates a group of theoretical flight time based on a static air calibration environment, and a group of actual flight time is collected, calibration is carried out according to the theoretical flight time and the actual flight time, the delay time is indirectly obtained, the influence of factors such as manufacturing process difference, nonlinearity and the like of hardware of the ultrasonic transducer is considered, the delay time caused by the hardware and the ultrasonic transmission process is not required to be directly and accurately calculated, the calculation amount and the cost are reduced, the delay time difference caused by the hardware of the ultrasonic transducer is calculated before the ultrasonic metering device is used, so that the metering precision of the ultrasonic metering device is improved, the method is simple and convenient to implement, and provides an accurate data base for subsequent calculation of the ultrasonic metering device.
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In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the exemplary embodiments of the present invention, the drawings that are required to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present invention and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and that for those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained from these drawings without inventive effort. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a calibration method of an ultrasonic metering device based on a time difference method;
fig. 2 is a metering principle diagram of an ultrasonic metering device based on a time difference method.
Reference numbers and corresponding part names in the drawings:
1-transmitting end transducer, 2-receiving end transducer.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to examples and accompanying drawings, and the exemplary embodiments and descriptions thereof are only used for explaining the present invention and are not meant to limit the present invention.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 2, the present embodiment provides a calibration method for an ultrasonic metering device based on a time difference method, including the steps of:
the method comprises the following steps: starting the ultrasonic metering device to be calibrated in a static air calibration environment;
step two: collecting environmental parameters of a static air calibration environment and the actual flight time t of ultrasonic waves in the static air calibration environments；
Step three: calculating the propagation speed C of the ultrasonic wave in the static air calibration environment according to the environmental parametersf，
Step four: based on environmental parameters and propagation speed CfCalculating theoretical flight time t of ultrasonic waves in static air calibration environment according to a time difference method modell；
Step five: theoretical flight time t based on ultrasonic wave in static air calibration environmentlAnd the actual time of flight tsThe ultrasonic metering device is calibrated.
The static air calibration environment is in a closed pipeline at room temperature, the inner cavity of the pipeline is filled with air, and the section of the inner cavity of the pipeline is circular or rectangular.
The environmental parameters of the still air calibration environment include: a static air specific heat ratio, a static air pressure, and a static air density.
Propagation velocity C of ultrasonic waves in a static air calibration environmentfThe calculation method comprises the following steps:
according to the formula
Calculating the propagation velocity Cf；
Where γ is the ratio of the specific heat of the still air, P is the pressure of the still air, and ρ is the density of the still air.
The metering principle of the ultrasonic metering device based on the time difference method is shown in fig. 2, ultrasonic waves are emitted from a transmitting end transducer 1, penetrate through a fluid medium and then are received by a receiving end transducer 2, and the time period from the emission of the ultrasonic waves from the transmitting end transducer 1 to the reception of the ultrasonic waves by the receiving end transducer 2 is the lower flight time t of the ultrasonic wavesdownThe corresponding time when the ultrasonic wave emitted from the receiving transducer 2 passes through the medium to reach the transmitting transducer 1 is the lower flight time tup。
The time difference method model is as follows:
in the formula: t is tupTime of flight of ultrasonic waves in the pipe, tdownIs the lower flight time of the ultrasonic wave in the pipeline; l is the vocal tract length of the ultrasonic wave,
is the channel angle of the ultrasonic wave; vmIs the average velocity of the fluid in the pipe, V in still airm＝0。
The concrete method of the fifth step comprises the following steps:
first, the theoretical time of flight t is calculatedlAnd the actual time of flight tsThe difference δ t of (d);
then, δ t is compensated into the measurement of the ultrasonic measuring device.
Example 2
Based on the calibration method of the previous embodiment, this embodiment provides a calibration system for an ultrasonic metering device based on a time difference method, including: the device comprises a starting module, an acquisition module, a first calculation module, a second calculation module and a calibration module;
the starting module is used for starting the ultrasonic metering device to be calibrated in a static air calibration environment;
the acquisition module is used for acquiring environmental parameters of the static air calibration environment and the actual flight time t of the ultrasonic waves in the static air calibration environments；
The first calculation module is used for calculating the propagation speed C of the ultrasonic waves in the static air calibration environment according to the environmental parametersf，
A second calculation module for calculating a propagation velocity C based on the environmental parameterfCalculating theoretical flight time t of ultrasonic waves in static air calibration environment according to a time difference method modell；
The calibration module is used for calibrating the theoretical flight time t of the environment based on ultrasonic waves in static airlAnd the actual time of flight tsThe ultrasonic metering device is calibrated.
The static air calibration environment is in a closed pipeline at room temperature, the inner cavity of the pipeline is filled with air, and the section of the inner cavity of the pipeline is circular or rectangular.
The quiet collection module includes: the device comprises a specific heat ratio acquisition unit, a pressure acquisition unit, a density acquisition unit and a flight time acquisition unit;
the specific heat ratio acquisition unit is used for acquiring the specific heat ratio of the still air in the still air calibration environment;
the pressure acquisition unit is used for acquiring the pressure of the static air in the static air calibration environment;
the density acquisition unit is used for acquiring the density of the still air in the still air calibration environment.
Propagation velocity C of ultrasonic waves in a static air calibration environmentfThe calculation method comprises the following steps:
according to the formula
Calculate Cf；
Where γ is the ratio of the specific heat of the still air, P is the pressure of the still air, and ρ is the density of the still air.
The above-mentioned embodiments are intended to illustrate the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention in further detail, and it should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are merely exemplary embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A calibration method of an ultrasonic metering device based on a time difference method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: starting the ultrasonic metering device to be calibrated in a static air calibration environment;
step two: collecting environmental parameters of a static air calibration environment and the actual flight time t of ultrasonic waves in the static air calibration environments；
Step three: calculating the propagation speed C of the ultrasonic wave in the static air calibration environment according to the environmental parametersf，
Step four: based on environmental parameters and propagation speed CfCalculating theoretical flight time t of ultrasonic waves in static air calibration environment according to a time difference method modell；
Step five: theoretical flight time t based on ultrasonic wave in static air calibration environmentlAnd the actual time of flight tsThe ultrasonic metering device is calibrated.
2. The method for calibrating the ultrasonic metering device based on the time difference method according to claim 1, wherein the static air calibration environment is a closed pipeline at room temperature, the inner cavity of the pipeline is filled with air, and the section of the inner cavity of the pipeline is circular or rectangular.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the environmental parameters of the calibration environment comprise: a static air specific heat ratio, a static air pressure, and a static air density.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the propagation velocity C of the ultrasonic wave in the calibration environment of the static air isfThe calculation method comprises the following steps:
according to the formula
Calculating the propagation velocity Cf；
Where γ is the ratio of the specific heat of the still air, P is the pressure of the still air, and ρ is the density of the still air.
5. The method for calibrating an ultrasonic metering device based on the time difference method according to claim 4, wherein the time difference method model is as follows:
in the formula: t is tupTime of flight of ultrasonic waves in the pipe, tdownIs the lower flight time of the ultrasonic wave in the pipeline; l is the vocal tract length of the ultrasonic wave,
is the channel angle of the ultrasonic wave; vmIs the average velocity of the fluid in the pipe, V in still airm＝0。
6. The calibration method of the ultrasonic metering device based on the time difference method according to claim 4, wherein the concrete method of the fifth step comprises the following steps:
first, the theoretical time of flight t is calculatedlAnd the actual time of flight tsThe difference δ t of (d);
then, δ t is compensated into the measurement of the ultrasonic measuring device.
7. A calibration system based on a time-difference ultrasonic metering device, which is characterized in that the calibration method based on the time-difference ultrasonic metering device of any one of claims 1-6 comprises the following steps: the device comprises a starting module, an acquisition module, a first calculation module, a second calculation module and a calibration module;
the starting module is used for starting the ultrasonic metering device to be calibrated in a static air calibration environment;
the acquisition module is used for acquiring environmental parameters of the static air calibration environment and the actual flight time t of the ultrasonic waves in the static air calibration environments；
The first calculation module is used for calculating the propagation speed C of the ultrasonic waves in the static air calibration environment according to the environmental parametersf，
The second calculation module is used for calculating the propagation speed C based on the environmental parametersfCalculating theoretical flight time t of ultrasonic waves in static air calibration environment according to a time difference method modell；
The calibration module is used for calibrating the theoretical flight time t of the environment based on ultrasonic waves in static airlAnd the actual time of flight tsThe ultrasonic metering device is calibrated.
8. The system of claim 7, wherein the static air calibration environment is a closed pipe at room temperature, the inner cavity of the pipe is filled with air, and the cross section of the inner cavity of the pipe is circular or rectangular.
9. The system of claim 7, wherein the static acquisition module comprises: the device comprises a specific heat ratio acquisition unit, a pressure acquisition unit, a density acquisition unit and a flight time acquisition unit;
the specific heat ratio acquisition unit is used for acquiring the specific heat ratio of the still air in the still air calibration environment;
the pressure acquisition unit is used for acquiring the pressure of the static air in the static air calibration environment;
the density acquisition unit is used for acquiring the density of the still air in the still air calibration environment.
10. The system of claim 7, wherein the propagation velocity C of the ultrasonic wave in the calibration environment of the static air isfThe calculation method comprises the following steps:
according to the formula
Calculate Cf；
Where γ is the ratio of the specific heat of the still air, P is the pressure of the still air, and ρ is the density of the still air.
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