CN114000017A - High-strength high-conductivity aluminum alloy conductor material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
High-strength high-conductivity aluminum alloy conductor material and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/047—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with magnesium as the next major constituent
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Abstract
The invention provides a high-strength high-conductivity aluminum alloy conductor material and a preparation method thereof, wherein the high-strength high-conductivity aluminum alloy conductor material comprises the following elements in percentage by mass: mg: 0.70-0.95 wt%, Si 0.30-0.50 wt%, Sc: 0.05-0.25 wt%, Er: 0.05 to 0.25 wt%, Cu: 0.01 to 0.15 wt%, Fe: 0.01 to 0.15 wt%, Zr: 0 to 0.25 wt%, and the balance of Al and unavoidable impurities. The invention solves the problems of complex preparation process, high cost, low conductivity and the like of the existing aluminum alloy conductor material.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of preparation of aluminum alloy conductor materials, in particular to a high-strength high-conductivity aluminum alloy conductor material and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Energy and power load in China are distributed reversely, and the strategy of ' transmitting electricity from west to east and ' transmitting electricity from north to south ' is implemented by the nation. The overhead transmission line uses a conducting wire as a 'blood vessel' for power transmission, and is one of the most important components with the largest use amount in a power grid. With the development of extra-high voltage, long-distance, large-capacity power transmission and clean energy utilization, higher requirements are put forward on the strength and the conductivity of the overhead conductor, and the aluminum alloy material is required to have high strength and excellent conductivity.
CN108893660A discloses a high conductivity aluminum alloy wire and a preparation method thereof, the melting process disclosed in the patent is complicated, high temperature vacuum melting is required, the requirement on equipment is high, and the manufacturing cost of the aluminum alloy wire is increased. CN110172621A discloses a preparation process of an Al-Mg-Si-Cu aluminum alloy wire, which has a longer preparation process period. CN109295359B discloses a high-conductivity high-strength aluminum alloy and a preparation method thereof, wherein the electric conductivity of the aluminum alloy material disclosed by the patent is more than 54% IACS, the elongation after fracture is more than 5%, and the electric conductivity and the elongation after fracture are lower.
The invention provides a high-strength high-conductivity aluminum alloy conductor material and a preparation method thereof, aiming at solving the problems of low conductivity, low elongation after fracture, complex preparation process and the like of aluminum alloy.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above problems, the present invention aims to provide a high-strength high-conductivity aluminum alloy conductor material and a preparation method thereof, so as to solve the problems of complex process, high cost, low conductivity of the aluminum alloy material and the like in the existing preparation method of the aluminum alloy conductor material.
The invention provides a high-strength high-conductivity aluminum alloy conductor material which comprises the following elements in percentage by mass:
mg: 0.70-0.95 wt%, Si 0.30-0.50 wt%, Sc: 0.05-0.25 wt%, Er: 0.05 to 0.25 wt%, Cu: 0.01 to 0.15 wt%, Fe: 0.01 to 0.15 wt%, Zr: 0 to 0.25 wt%, and the balance of Al and unavoidable impurities.
Further, it is preferable that the content of the unavoidable impurities is less than 0.10%, wherein,
the inevitable impurities include Ti, V, Mn, Cr, etc.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the high-strength high-conductivity aluminum alloy conductor material, wherein the high-strength high-conductivity aluminum alloy conductor material adopts the high-strength high-conductivity aluminum alloy, and the preparation method comprises the following steps:
s110: and respectively weighing an aluminum ingot, an aluminum intermediate alloy and a magnesium ingot according to the elements in percentage by mass of the high-strength high-conductivity aluminum alloy conductor material.
S120: when the temperature reaches 680-720 ℃, adding the weighed aluminum ingot, aluminum intermediate alloy and magnesium ingot; after the raw materials are melted, when the temperature reaches 730-750 ℃, deslagging, degassing and refining the melt; then heating to 760-780 ℃, standing for 20-60 min, and casting to obtain an alloy ingot;
s130: carrying out thermal insulation on the alloy cast ingot, and then carrying out hot extrusion to obtain an alloy bar; the heat preservation temperature of the extruded blank is 490-530 ℃, the heat preservation time is 1-2 h, and the extrusion ratio is 20-40;
s140: carrying out solution treatment on the alloy bar at 510-530 ℃, wherein the solution treatment time is 1-2 h;
s150: and carrying out aging treatment on the alloy bar subjected to the solution treatment to obtain the high-strength high-conductivity aluminum alloy conductor material, wherein the aging temperature is 175-300 ℃, and the aging time is 6-12 h.
In addition, the preferred scheme is that the purity of the aluminum ingot is more than 99.99 percent, and the purity of the magnesium ingot is more than 99.99 percent.
In addition, the preferable scheme is that in the process of refining and degassing the melt in S120, high-purity argon is adopted to degas the melt, wherein the flow of the high-purity argon is 2-8L/min, and the time is 2-6 min;
the refining agent is hexachloroethane, and the amount of hexachloroethane is 0.05-0.50% of the mass of the melt.
In addition, preferably, after the temperature of S120 is raised to 760-780 ℃, standing, casting and casting are carried out in a preheating water-cooling mold, wherein the preheating temperature of the mold is 200-300 ℃, and an alloy cast ingot is obtained.
In addition, the preferable scheme is that the high-strength high-conductivity aluminum alloy conductor material is subjected to mechanical property and conductivity tests, wherein the tensile strength of the high-strength high-conductivity aluminum alloy conductor material is not less than 150MPa, the yield strength is not less than 110MPa, the elongation after fracture is not less than 15%, and the conductivity is not less than 60% IACS.
According to the technical scheme, the high-strength high-conductivity aluminum alloy conductor material and the preparation method thereof provided by the invention have the advantages that Sc and Er are added into the prepared aluminum alloy conductor material, and Sc and Er are subjected to composite micro-alloying, so that the conductivity and the elongation after fracture of the aluminum alloy are improved; the aluminum alloy conductor material is prepared by adopting the casting, hot extrusion, solution treatment and aging treatment processes, the process is simple, the equipment requirement is low, and the production cost can be reduced.
To the accomplishment of the foregoing and related ends, one or more aspects of the invention comprise the features hereinafter fully described and particularly pointed out in the claims. The following description and the annexed drawings set forth in detail certain illustrative aspects of the invention. These aspects are indicative, however, of but a few of the various ways in which the principles of the invention may be employed. Further, the present invention is intended to include all such aspects and their equivalents.
Drawings
Other objects and results of the present invention will become more apparent and more readily appreciated as the same becomes better understood by reference to the following description and appended claims, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. In the drawings:
fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a preparation process of a high-strength high-conductivity aluminum alloy conductor material according to an embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 2 shows a metallographic structure of a high-strength and high-conductivity aluminum alloy conductor material according to an embodiment of the invention.
The same reference numbers in all figures indicate similar or corresponding features or functions.
Detailed Description
In the following description, for purposes of explanation, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of one or more embodiments. It may be evident, however, that such embodiment(s) may be practiced without these specific details.
Aiming at the problems of complex process for preparing the aluminum alloy conductor material, low conductivity of the aluminum alloy material and the like in the prior art, the invention provides the high-strength high-conductivity aluminum alloy conductor material and the preparation method thereof.
The invention provides a high-strength high-conductivity aluminum alloy conductor material which comprises the following elements in percentage by mass: mg: 0.70-0.95 wt%, Si: 0.30-0.50 wt%, Sc: 0.05-0.25 wt%, Er: 0.05 to 0.25 wt%, Cu: 0.01 to 0.15 wt%, Fe: 0.01 to 0.15 wt%, Zr: 0-0.25 wt%, and the balance of Al and unavoidable impurities, wherein the content of the unavoidable impurities is less than 0.10%, and the unavoidable impurities comprise Ti, V, Mn, Cr and the like.
Wherein, fig. 2 shows the metallographic structure of the high-strength high-conductivity aluminum alloy conductor material.
Specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
In order to illustrate the preparation method of the high-strength high-conductivity aluminum alloy conductor material provided by the invention, fig. 1 shows a preparation process of the high-strength high-conductivity aluminum alloy conductor material according to an embodiment of the invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the preparation method of the high-strength high-conductivity aluminum alloy conductor material provided by the invention adopts the above high-strength high-conductivity aluminum alloy conductor material, and the preparation method comprises the following steps:
s110: and respectively weighing an aluminum ingot, an aluminum intermediate alloy and a magnesium ingot according to the elements in percentage by mass of the high-strength high-conductivity aluminum alloy conductor material.
S120: and adding raw materials, after the raw materials are completely melted, deslagging, degassing, refining, heating, standing the melt, and casting the melt into a preheating mold to obtain the alloy ingot.
Specifically, when the temperature reaches 680-720 ℃, adding the weighed aluminum ingot, aluminum intermediate alloy and magnesium ingot; when the raw materials are completely melted and the temperature reaches 730-750 ℃, deslagging, degassing and refining the melt; and when the temperature is increased to 760-780 ℃, standing for 20-60 min, and casting to obtain the alloy cast ingot.
S130: carrying out thermal insulation on the alloy cast ingot, and then carrying out hot extrusion to obtain an alloy bar; the blank heat preservation temperature is 490-530 ℃, the heat preservation time is 1-2 hours, and the extrusion ratio is 20-40.
S140: carrying out solution treatment on the alloy bar at 510-530 ℃, wherein the solution treatment time is 1-2 h; .
S150: and carrying out aging treatment on the alloy bar subjected to the solution treatment to obtain the high-strength high-conductivity aluminum alloy conductor material, wherein the aging temperature is 175-300 ℃, and the aging time is 6-12 h.
The specific steps for preparing the high-strength high-conductivity aluminum alloy conductor material comprise the following elements in percentage by mass: mg: 0.70-0.95 wt%, Si 0.30-0.50 wt%, Sc: 0.05-0.25 wt%, Er: 0.05 to 0.25 wt%, Cu: 0.01 to 0.15 wt%, Fe: 0.01 to 0.15 wt%, Zr: 0 to 0.25 wt%, and the balance of Al and unavoidable impurities.
Wherein, the 6 series aluminum alloy can be strengthened by heat treatment and is the main material for preparing high-strength and high-conductivity aluminum alloy conductors at present.
Sc and Er are added into the material for preparing the aluminum alloy in the invention, because Sc and Er are very effective micro-alloying elements in the aluminum alloy, and form Al which is L1 type and is coherent with a matrix3Sc and Al3Er phase, effectiveThe aluminum alloy structure is ground to be refined. Sc and Er are added into the aluminum alloy at the same time, and Er and Sc can be mutually replaced to form Al with a core-shell structure3(Er1-xScx) Phase stable, not prone to coarsening, stable structure, and Al3(Er1-xScx) The phase lattice parameter is closer to the aluminum matrix and can form a coherent relation with the matrix. In addition, the diffusion coefficient of Sc in an aluminum matrix is larger than that of Er in aluminum, the addition of Sc promotes the precipitation of Er, promotes more Er atoms to be precipitated from the matrix, further improves the conductivity of the aluminum alloy, and ensures the elongation after fracture of the aluminum alloy. Therefore, in the invention, the content of Sc is controlled to be 0.05-0.25 wt%, and the content of Er is controlled to be 0.05-0.25 wt%.
The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples according to the above method for producing a high-strength and high-conductivity aluminum alloy conductor material, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the above description and should not be construed as being limited thereto.
Example 1
(1) The following elements Mg by mass percent: 0.80 wt%, Si: 0.35 wt%, Sc: 0.15 wt%, Er: 0.15 wt%, Cu: 0.05 wt%, Fe: 0.05 wt%, the balance being Al and unavoidable impurities; respectively weighing an aluminum ingot, an aluminum intermediate alloy and a magnesium ingot;
the fusion casting process comprises the following steps: when the temperature reaches 700 ℃, adding 99.99 percent of industrial pure aluminum, aluminum intermediate alloy and 99.99 percent of magnesium ingot; the temperature is increased to 740 ℃ for refining and degassing. Degassing the melt by adopting high-purity argon, wherein the flow of the high-purity argon is 5L/min, the time is 3min, and the adding amount of a refining agent is 0.50 wt% of the total mass of the alloy; raising the temperature to 760 ℃, standing for 30 minutes, and then casting into a water-cooled mold;
(2) extruding the alloy cast ingot prepared in the step (1) into an alloy bar, carrying out hot extrusion on the alloy cast ingot after keeping the temperature of 520 ℃ for 2 hours at an extrusion ratio of 36, and carrying out air cooling and bar straightening;
(3) and (3) carrying out solution treatment on the alloy bar obtained in the step (2) at 520 ℃ for 1 hour, and cooling with water.
(4) Carrying out aging treatment on the bar subjected to the solution treatment in the step (3); the aging temperature is 275 ℃, the aging time is 8 hours, and the water cooling is carried out.
(5) And (5) testing the conductivity and the mechanical property of the bar material obtained in the step (4).
The mechanical properties of the aluminum alloy conductor material are as follows: tensile strength of 163MPa, yield strength of 110MPa, elongation after fracture of 23%, and electrical conductivity of 60.38% IACS.
Example 2
(1) The following elements Mg by mass percent: 0.90 wt%, Si: 0.45 wt%, Sc: 0.17 wt%, Er: 0.2 wt%, Cu: 0.1 wt%, Fe: 0.10 wt%, Zr: 0.05 wt%, the balance being Al and unavoidable impurities; respectively weighing an aluminum ingot, an aluminum intermediate alloy and a magnesium ingot;
the smelting process comprises the following steps: when the temperature reaches 700 ℃, adding 99.99 percent of industrial pure aluminum, aluminum intermediate alloy and 99.99 percent of magnesium ingot; heating to 740 ℃ for refining and degassing, and degassing the melt by adopting high-purity argon, wherein the flow of the high-purity argon is 5L/min, the time is 3min, and the adding amount of a refining agent is 0.50 wt% of the total alloy mass; raising the temperature to 760 ℃, standing for 40 minutes, and then casting into a water-cooled mold;
(2) extruding the alloy cast ingot prepared in the step (1) into an alloy bar, carrying out hot extrusion on the alloy cast ingot after heat preservation for 2 hours at 510 ℃, carrying out air cooling and straightening the bar, wherein the extrusion ratio is 25;
(3) carrying out solution treatment on the alloy bar obtained in the step (2) at 520 ℃ for 1 hour, and carrying out water cooling;
(4) carrying out aging treatment on the bar subjected to the solution treatment in the step (3); aging at 250 deg.C for 8 hr, and cooling with water;
(5) and (5) testing the mechanical property and the conductivity of the bar obtained in the step (4).
The mechanical properties of the aluminum alloy conductor material are as follows: tensile strength of 180MPa, yield strength of 125MPa, elongation after fracture of 19.0 percent and conductivity of 60.12 percent IACS.
Example 3
(1) The following elements Mg by mass percent: 0.75 wt%, Si: 0.40 wt%, Sc: 0.20 wt%, Er: 0.20 wt%, Cu: 0.05 wt%, Fe: 0.10 wt%, Zr: 0.05 wt%, the balance being Al and unavoidable impurities; respectively weighing an aluminum ingot, an aluminum intermediate alloy and a magnesium ingot;
the smelting process comprises the following steps: when the temperature reaches 700 ℃, adding 99.99 percent of pure aluminum, aluminum intermediate alloy and 99.99 percent of magnesium ingot; heating to 740 ℃ for refining and degassing, and degassing the melt by adopting high-purity argon gas, wherein the flow of the high-purity argon gas is 6L/min, the time is 4min, and the adding amount of a refining agent is 0.50 wt% of the total mass of the alloy; raising the temperature to 760 ℃, standing for 50 minutes, and then casting into a water-cooled mold;
(2) extruding the alloy cast ingot prepared in the step (1) into an alloy bar, carrying out hot extrusion on the alloy cast ingot after the alloy cast ingot is subjected to heat preservation at 520 ℃ for 2 hours, wherein the extrusion ratio is 40, and carrying out air cooling and bar straightening;
(3) carrying out solution treatment on the alloy bar obtained in the step (2) at 520 ℃ for 1.2 hours, and carrying out water cooling;
(4) carrying out aging treatment on the bar subjected to the solution treatment in the step (3); the aging temperature is 300 ℃, the aging time is 8 hours, and water cooling is carried out;
(5) and (5) testing the mechanical property and the conductivity of the bar obtained in the step (4).
The mechanical properties of the aluminum alloy conductor material are as follows: tensile strength of 155MPa, yield strength of 112MPa, elongation after fracture of 19.7%, and conductivity of 61.64% IACS.
According to the embodiment, Sc and Er are added into the prepared aluminum alloy conductor material, and the Sc and Er are subjected to composite micro-alloying, so that the conductivity and the elongation after fracture of the aluminum alloy are improved; and the aluminum alloy conductor material is prepared by adopting the processes of fusion casting, hot extrusion, solution treatment and aging treatment, the process is simple, the equipment requirement is low, and the production cost can be reduced.
The high-strength high-conductivity aluminum alloy conductor material and the preparation method thereof proposed according to the present invention are described above by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that various modifications can be made to the high-strength and high-conductivity aluminum alloy conductor material and the preparation method thereof provided by the present invention without departing from the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of the present invention should be determined by the contents of the appended claims.
Claims (7)
1. The high-strength high-conductivity aluminum alloy conductor material is characterized by comprising the following elements in percentage by mass:
mg: 0.70-0.95 wt%, Si 0.30-0.50 wt%, Sc: 0.05-0.25 wt%, Er: 0.05 to 0.25 wt%, Cu: 0.01 to 0.15 wt%, Fe: 0.01 to 0.15 wt%, Zr: 0 to 0.25 wt%, and the balance of Al and unavoidable impurities.
2. A high-strength high-conductivity aluminum alloy conductor material as set forth in claim 1,
the content of the unavoidable impurities is less than 0.10%, wherein,
the inevitable impurities include Ti, V, Mn, Cr, etc.
3. A preparation method of a high-strength high-conductivity aluminum alloy conductor material is characterized in that the high-strength high-conductivity aluminum alloy conductor material is the high-strength high-conductivity aluminum alloy conductor material as claimed in any one of claims 1-2, and the preparation method comprises the following steps:
s110: respectively weighing an aluminum ingot, a magnesium ingot and an aluminum intermediate alloy according to the elements in percentage by mass of the high-strength high-conductivity aluminum alloy conductor material;
s120: when the temperature reaches 680-720 ℃, adding the weighed aluminum ingot, magnesium ingot and aluminum intermediate alloy; when the raw materials are completely melted and the temperature reaches 730-750 ℃, refining and degassing the melt; then heating to 760-780 ℃, standing for 20-60 min, and casting to obtain an alloy ingot;
s130: carrying out thermal insulation on the alloy cast ingot, and then carrying out hot extrusion to obtain an alloy bar; the extrusion temperature is 490-530 ℃, the heat preservation time is 1-2 h, and the extrusion ratio is 20-40;
s140: carrying out solution treatment on the alloy bar at 510-530 ℃, wherein the solution treatment time is 1-2 h;
s150: and carrying out aging treatment on the alloy bar subjected to the solution treatment to obtain the high-strength high-conductivity aluminum alloy conductor material, wherein the aging temperature is 175-300 ℃, and the aging time is 6-12 h.
4. The method for preparing a high-strength high-conductivity aluminum alloy conductor material as claimed in claim 3, wherein the purity of the aluminum ingot is greater than 99.99%, and the purity of the magnesium ingot is greater than 99.99%.
5. The method for preparing the high-strength high-conductivity aluminum alloy conductor material according to claim 3, wherein in the process of refining and degassing the melt in S120, high-purity argon is used for degassing the melt, wherein the flow rate of the high-purity argon is 2-8L/min, and the time is 2-6 min;
the refining agent is hexachloroethane, and the amount of hexachloroethane is 0.05-0.50% of the mass of the melt.
6. The preparation method of the high-strength high-conductivity aluminum alloy conductor material according to claim 3, wherein the temperature of S120 is raised to 760-780 ℃, the mixture is kept stand for 20-60 min, and the mixture is cast into a preheated water-cooling mold, and the preheating temperature of the casting mold is 200-300 ℃, so that an alloy ingot is obtained.
7. The method for preparing the high-strength high-conductivity aluminum alloy conductor material as claimed in claim 3, wherein the high-strength high-conductivity aluminum alloy conductor material is subjected to mechanical property and conductivity tests, wherein the tensile strength of the high-strength high-conductivity aluminum alloy conductor material is not less than 150MPa, the yield strength of the high-strength high-conductivity aluminum alloy conductor material is not less than 110MPa, the elongation after fracture is not less than 15%, and the conductivity of the high-strength high-conductivity aluminum alloy conductor material is not less than 60% IACS.
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| CN117443982A (en) * | 2023-11-16 | 2024-01-26 | 广州航海学院 | Heat-resistant aluminum alloy wire material and preparation method thereof |
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