CN113999999A - Preparation method of rare earth reinforced solid-liquid composite cast magnesium/aluminum bimetal and product - Google Patents
Preparation method of rare earth reinforced solid-liquid composite cast magnesium/aluminum bimetal and product Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field related to preparation of magnesium/aluminum bimetal materials, and discloses a preparation method and a product of rare earth reinforced solid-liquid composite cast magnesium/aluminum bimetal. The preparation method comprises the following steps: s1, smelting a magnesium alloy ingot, adding preheated Mg-RE rare earth intermediate alloy into the smelted magnesium alloy, and stirring to uniformly mix the magnesium alloy and the rare earth intermediate alloy so as to obtain alloy liquid; s2, pouring the alloy liquid into the casting mould with the aluminum alloy inlay, cooling and solidifying to obtain the required composite casting magnesium/aluminum bimetal product. The invention also discloses a product of the method. The invention eliminates the inclusion defect caused by the oxide film on the surface of the solid insert in the compounding process, inhibits the formation of Al-Mg intermetallic compounds in the interface and refines the solidification structure at the interface. Therefore, the problem of low interface bonding strength of the solid-liquid composite casting magnesium/aluminum bimetal material is solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field related to preparation of magnesium/aluminum bimetal materials, and particularly relates to a preparation method and a product of rare earth reinforced solid-liquid composite cast magnesium/aluminum bimetal.
Background
With the rapid development of modern industry, the fields of automobiles, weaponry, aerospace and the like put forward higher and higher requirements on the light weight, structural integration and comprehensive performance of materials, and the use of a single material is more and more difficult to meet the higher and higher requirements on the comprehensive performance of parts. The magnesium/aluminum bimetallic material and parts are prepared by compounding the magnesium alloy and the aluminum alloy, so that the magnesium alloy and the aluminum alloy have the advantages of the magnesium alloy and the aluminum alloy, the complementation of the aluminum and the magnesium in performance is realized, and the requirement of engineering application is better met.
The preparation method of the magnesium/aluminum bimetal material mainly comprises rolling compounding, welding compounding, casting compounding and the like. The binding and compounding can rapidly prepare layered or rodlike bimetal blanks in large batch. The bimetal prepared by the welding method has excellent rigidity and connection performance. Both of these methods, however, make it difficult to join bimetallic parts having complex profiles and large contact cross-sections. The casting compounding is combined with the casting process, so that the method is suitable for preparing parts with complex shapes, and has remarkable advantages in preparing bimetallic materials with complex shapes at low cost.
However, due to the oxide films on the surface of the aluminum alloy insert, these oxide films are prone to remain in the interface during the composite casting process to form inclusion defects, which seriously impair the bonding strength of the magnesium/aluminum bi-metal interface. Meanwhile, the surface of the solid inlay is melted more, and a large amount of brittle and hard Al which is continuously distributed can be generated at the interface in the compounding process12Mg17、Al3Mg2An intermetallic compound. In addition, the heat input is relatively high in the composite casting processLarge, slower coagulation rates will result in coarser coagulated structures at the interface. These will have a very adverse effect on the performance of the solid-liquid composite cast magnesium/aluminum bimetal material, and further development and application thereof are greatly restricted.
Therefore, the prior art still lacks a method for preparing high-performance solid-liquid composite casting magnesium/aluminum bimetallic material by simultaneously solving the problems.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects or improvement requirements of the prior art, the invention provides a preparation method of rare earth reinforced solid-liquid composite cast magnesium/aluminum bimetal, which solves the problem that a large amount of continuously distributed brittle and hard Al can be generated at an interface in the compounding process12Mg17、Al3Mg2Intermetallic compounds and a coarse solidification structure at the interface.
In order to achieve the above objects, according to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for preparing a rare earth reinforced solid-liquid composite cast magnesium/aluminum bimetal, the method comprising the steps of:
s1, smelting a magnesium alloy ingot, adding preheated Mg-RE rare earth intermediate alloy into the smelted magnesium alloy, and stirring to uniformly mix the magnesium alloy and the rare earth intermediate alloy so as to obtain alloy liquid;
s2, pouring the alloy liquid into the casting mould with the aluminum alloy inlay, cooling and solidifying to obtain the required composite casting magnesium/aluminum bimetal product.
Further preferably, in step S1, before adding the Mg-RE rare earth master alloy, a material for adjusting the magnesium alloy composition is added, so as to maintain the mass percentage of each component in the magnesium alloy ingot.
Further preferably, in step S1, the rare earth alloy element in the Mg-RE rare earth intermediate alloy is Y or Gd, and the mass percentage of the rare earth element in the alloy liquid is 0.2% to 10%.
Further preferably, in the step S1, the temperature for preheating the Mg-RE rare earth master alloy is 300 ℃ to 400 ℃.
Further preferably, in step S1, the Mg — RE master alloy is added when the melted magnesium alloy is heated to 720 to 780 ℃.
Further preferably, stirring is carried out when the Mg-RE intermediate alloy is added, and the Mg-RE intermediate alloy is gradually added in batches during stirring.
Further preferably, the Mg-RE intermediate alloy is added and then is subjected to heat preservation, after the Mg-RE intermediate alloy is completely melted, the Mg-RE intermediate alloy is stirred for 5-10min in a vertically rolling mode to enable the melt to be fully mixed, then the temperature of the melt is adjusted to 700-770 ℃, a refining agent is added and fully stirred, and after the refining is completed, the mixture is kept stand for 3-10 min.
Further preferably, the volume ratio of the finally obtained composite cast magnesium/aluminum bimetal product to the inlay is 7: 1-45: 1.
further preferably, in step S2, the casting temperature is 690 ℃ to 750 ℃.
According to another aspect of the invention, there is provided a co-cast bimetallic magnesium/aluminium product obtained by the above-described method of preparation.
Generally, compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the rare earth elements can react with H, O, N, C, S, Si in the melt and nonmetal impurities such as halogen, oxide and the like to form compounds, and play roles in degassing, deslagging and purifying a matrix. After the magnesium alloy melt containing Y and Gd rare earth is poured around the solid inlay, the rare earth elements Y and Gd in the melt can react with the oxide film on the surface of the solid aluminum alloy inlay, so that the continuous oxide film is broken and dissolved, the effect of removing the oxide film on the surface of the inlay is achieved, the oxide film is prevented from remaining in the interface and generating adverse effect on the interface tissue, and the effect of greatly improving the interface bonding strength of the solid-liquid composite casting magnesium/aluminum bimetal material is achieved;
2. in the invention, Y or Gd is selected as the added rare earth element, because the electronegativity between Al and rare earth Y, Gd is larger than that between Al and Mg, Al element in the interface can be preferentially combined with Y and Gd to form Al-Y and Al-Gd phases in the solidification process, so that the formation of Al-Mg intermetallic compounds is inhibited, and the effect of improving the interface structure is achieved. Thereby improving the interface bonding strength of the solid-liquid composite casting magnesium/aluminum bimetal material.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram of an apparatus for compositely casting a bimetallic magnesium/aluminum material constructed in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the rare earth element in the present invention for removing oxide inclusions in the interface structure;
fig. 3 is an interface structure image of a magnesium/aluminum bimetal prepared in comparative example 1, constructed according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, wherein (a) is a low magnification lower interface structure image, (b) is an image after (a) enlargement, and (c) is an interface region eutectic structure image;
fig. 4 is an interface structure image of the bimetal of mg/al prepared in example 1 according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, wherein (a) is the interface structure image at low power, (b) is the image after (a) being enlarged, (c) is the eutectic structure image of the interface region;
FIG. 5 is a drawing; the interface structure image of the bimetal material prepared in example 2 constructed according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention is (a) the interface structure image at low magnification, (b) the image after being magnified, and (c) the eutectic structure image of the interface region.
The same reference numbers will be used throughout the drawings to refer to the same or like elements or structures, wherein:
1-casting mould, 2-solid inlay, 3-pouring system, 4-casting and 4, 5-pouring gate.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention. In addition, the technical features involved in the embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.
A rare earth reinforced solid-liquid composite cast magnesium/aluminum bimetal material and a preparation method thereof have the preparation principle that a casting mold 1 is prepared, and a solid inlay 2 is placed in the casting mold 1 to finish the molding process. In the mould, the solid inlay 2 is surrounded by a cavity of the casting 4, which cavity of the casting 4 is connected to a gating system 3. And after the molding is finished, pouring the smelted molten metal from the pouring gate 5.
Preferably, the adopted solid inlay material is aluminum alloy, the metal used for casting is magnesium alloy, the casting process adopts a lost foam casting process, and the added alloying element is rare earth element.
Preferably, the solid inlay material is any Al-Si or Al-Mg series aluminum alloy, the metal used for casting is pure magnesium series, AZ (Mg-Al-Zn-Mn) series, AM (Mg-Al-Mn) series or AS (Mg-Al-Si) series, the alloying element adopts rare earth Y or rare earth Gd, or two rare earth elements are adopted simultaneously, and the rare earth element is added by adopting Mg-RE rare earth intermediate alloy.
The invention provides a rare earth reinforced solid-liquid composite cast magnesium/aluminum bimetallic material and a preparation method thereof, which comprises the following specific preparation steps:
(1) processing the solid aluminum alloy to obtain a required material style, and polishing to obtain an ideal surface roughness to obtain the solid inlay;
(2) chemically cleaning the surface of the solid inlay to remove oil stains and oxides on the surface;
(3) preparing ingredients: preparing Mg-RE rare earth intermediate alloy for alloying, pure Al, pure Zn, pure Mn, Al-Si intermediate alloy and other materials for adjusting alloy components according to the addition requirement of the preset rare earth elements and the addition requirement;
(4) smelting a magnesium alloy ingot, and adopting mixed gas of sulfur hexafluoride and carbon dioxide for protection until the magnesium alloy ingot is completely melted;
(5) regulating and controlling magnesium alloy components, namely adding a prepared material for regulating the magnesium alloy components into the magnesium alloy melt; firstly, adding a material for adjusting the alloy components to avoid adding rare earth elements after burning loss;
(6) alloying, adding preheated Mg-RE rare earth intermediate alloy into the magnesium alloy melt after the components are adjusted, uniformly stirring after the Mg-RE rare earth intermediate alloy is melted to fully and uniformly mix the Mg-RE rare earth intermediate alloy with the magnesium alloy melt, then adjusting the temperature of the melt, carrying out secondary stirring after heat preservation is carried out for a period of time again, and then standing and preserving the heat at the set temperature;
(7) and (4) molding and pouring, namely placing the solid inlay into a prepared casting mold, and then pouring.
Y, Gd rare earth elements have strong deoxidation effect, and can be used for the effect of a solid insert surface oxidation film after being added in a small amount, on the other hand, the electronegativity between Al and rare earth Y, Gd is larger than that between Al and Mg, and in the solidification process, the Al element in the interface can be preferentially combined with Y and Gd to form Al-Y and Al-Gd phases, so that the Y and Gd rare earth elements can be properly improved, the generation of coarse Al-Mg intermetallic compounds at the interface can be effectively inhibited, and the effect of improving the interface structure is achieved.
Preferably, the addition amount of the rare earth element in the step (3) is 0.2 to 10%.
Preferably, the Mg-RE intermediate alloy in the step (6) is preheated at 300-400 ℃ so that the Mg-RE intermediate alloy can be melted as soon as possible after being added into the magnesium alloy melt.
Preferably, the Mg-RE intermediate alloy is added when the magnesium alloy melt in the step (6) is heated to 720-780 ℃, and the adding temperature is properly higher than the subsequent refining and standing temperature so as to avoid the condition that the melt temperature is greatly lower than the subsequent refining and standing temperature after the rare earth element is added. The temperature rise process of the magnesium alloy melt is greatly prolonged, and the rare earth elements in the melt are easy to settle;
preferably, when the Mg-RE intermediate alloy is added into the magnesium alloy melt in the step (6), stirring is required, and the Mg-RE intermediate alloy is gradually added in batches during stirring, so that the bottom precipitation phenomenon of rare earth elements is avoided.
Preferably, after the intermediate alloy added with the magnesium alloy melt in the step (6) is completely melted, the intermediate alloy is stirred for 5-10min by rolling up and down, so that the melt is fully and uniformly mixed.
Preferably, the temperature of the melt in the step (6) is adjusted to 700-770 ℃, a refining agent is added and the melt is stirred continuously, the melt is kept standing for 3-15 min after refining, and the standing time is not too long, otherwise, large component segregation is easily caused.
Preferably, the volume ratio of the casting part to the solid inlay in the molding process in the step (7) is 7: 1 to 45: 1.
Preferably, the pouring temperature of the pouring process in the step (7) is 690-750 ℃, and the pouring temperature is slightly lower than the refining and standing temperature, so that the waiting time of the process from the completion of the smelting to the pouring of the magnesium alloy is reduced.
The method is characterized in that rare earth elements Y and Gd are added into a magnesium alloy melt. The deoxidation effect of rare earth Y and Gd elements eliminates the oxidation inclusion of the magnesium/aluminum bimetal interface, the mechanism of the process is shown in figure 2, after the magnesium alloy melt containing the rare earth elements is poured around the solid-state inlay, the rare earth Y and Gd can react with the oxide film on the surface of the solid-state aluminum alloy inlay to break the continuous oxide film, and then the continuous oxide film is gradually dissolved, so that the defect of the residual oxidation inclusion in the interface area is eliminated.
The invention will be further illustrated by reference to the following comparative examples and examples.
Comparative example 1
A solid-liquid composite casting magnesium/aluminum bimetallic material and a preparation method thereof, the method principle is shown in figure 1. The mold 1 is prepared and the solid inlay 2 is placed in the mold 1 to complete the molding process. In the mould, the solid inlay 2 is surrounded by a cavity of the casting 4, which cavity of the casting 4 is connected to a gating system 3. And after the molding is finished, pouring the smelted molten metal from the pouring gate 5.
The preparation method comprises the following specific steps:
(1) processing A356 aluminum alloy to obtain a required material style, and polishing to obtain an ideal surface roughness to obtain the solid inlay;
(2) chemically cleaning the surface of the solid inlay to remove oil stains and oxides on the surface;
(3) smelting a magnesium alloy ingot, and adopting mixed gas of sulfur hexafluoride and carbon dioxide for protection until the magnesium alloy ingot is completely melted;
(7) and (3) molding and pouring, namely placing the solid inlay in a prepared casting mold, wherein the volume ratio of the casting part to the solid inlay in the molding process is 14: 1, and then casting AZ91D magnesium alloy liquid at 720 ℃. Cooling and solidifying to obtain the magnesium/aluminum bimetal material.
Example 1
A rare earth reinforced solid-liquid composite cast magnesium/aluminum bimetallic material and a preparation method thereof are disclosed, and the principle of the method is shown in figure 1. The mold 1 is prepared and the solid inlay 2 is placed in the mold 1 to complete the molding process. In the mould, the solid inlay 2 is surrounded by a cavity of the casting 4, which cavity of the casting 4 is connected to a gating system 3. And after the molding is finished, pouring the smelted molten metal from the pouring gate 5.
The solid inlay material is A356 aluminum alloy, the metal used for casting is AZ91D magnesium alloy, the alloying element adopts rare earth Gd, and the rare earth element adopts Mg-30Gd intermediate alloy for adding.
The preparation method comprises the following specific steps:
(1) processing the solid aluminum alloy to obtain a required material style, and polishing to obtain an ideal surface roughness to obtain the solid inlay;
(2) chemically cleaning the surface of the solid inlay to remove oil stains and oxides on the surface;
(3) preparing ingredients: the addition requirement of the rare earth element is 0.5%, and Mg-30Gd rare earth intermediate alloy for alloying and pure Al and pure Zn are prepared according to the addition requirement for adjusting the material of the alloy composition.
(4) Smelting a magnesium alloy ingot, and adopting mixed gas of sulfur hexafluoride and carbon dioxide for protection until the magnesium alloy ingot is completely melted;
(5) regulating and controlling magnesium alloy components, namely adding pure Al and pure Zn into a magnesium alloy melt to regulate the magnesium alloy components;
(6) alloying, adjusting the temperature of the magnesium alloy melt to 750 ℃, adding Mg-30Gd rare earth intermediate alloy preheated at 300 ℃, stirring when adding the Mg-30Gd intermediate alloy, gradually adding the Mg-30Gd intermediate alloy in batches during the stirring process, and then preserving the heat. And (3) after the Mg-30Y intermediate alloy is completely melted, rolling and stirring the mixture up and down for 5min, then adjusting the temperature of the magnesium alloy melt to 740 ℃, adding a refining agent, fully stirring, preserving heat, standing and refining for 10 min.
(7) And (3) molding and pouring, namely placing the solid inlay in a prepared casting mold, wherein the volume ratio of the casting part to the solid inlay in the molding process is 14: 1, then casting the magnesium alloy liquid after rare earth alloying at the temperature of 720 ℃. Cooling and solidifying to obtain the magnesium/aluminum bimetal material.
Example 2
A rare earth reinforced solid-liquid composite cast magnesium/aluminum bimetallic material and a preparation method thereof are disclosed, and the principle of the method is shown in figure 1. The mold 1 is prepared and the solid inlay 2 is placed in the mold 1 to complete the molding process. In the mould, the solid inlay 2 is surrounded by a cavity of the casting 4, which cavity of the casting 4 is connected to a gating system 3. And after the molding is finished, pouring the smelted molten metal from the pouring gate 5.
The solid inlay material is A356 aluminum alloy, the metal used for casting is AZ91D magnesium alloy, the alloying element is rare earth Y, and the rare earth element is added by Mg-30Y intermediate alloy.
The preparation method comprises the following specific steps:
(1) processing the solid aluminum alloy to obtain a required material style, and polishing to obtain an ideal surface roughness to obtain the solid inlay;
(2) chemically cleaning the surface of the solid inlay to remove oil stains and oxides on the surface;
(3) preparing ingredients: the addition requirement of the rare earth element is 0.2%, and Mg-30Y rare earth intermediate alloy for alloying and pure Al and pure Zn are prepared according to the addition requirement for adjusting the material of the alloy composition.
(4) Smelting a magnesium alloy ingot, and adopting mixed gas of sulfur hexafluoride and carbon dioxide for protection until the magnesium alloy ingot is completely melted;
(5) regulating and controlling magnesium alloy components, namely adding pure Al and pure Zn into a magnesium alloy melt to regulate the magnesium alloy components;
(6) alloying, adjusting the temperature of a magnesium alloy melt to 760 ℃, adding a Mg-30Y rare earth intermediate alloy preheated at 400 ℃, stirring after adding the Mg-30Y intermediate alloy, and gradually adding the Mg-30Y intermediate alloy in batches during the stirring process. And then preserving heat, rolling and stirring up and down for 8min after the Mg-30Y intermediate alloy is completely melted, then adjusting the temperature of the magnesium alloy melt to 740 ℃, adding a refining agent, fully stirring, preserving heat, standing and refining for 3 min.
(7) And (3) molding and pouring, namely placing the solid inlay in a prepared casting mold, wherein the volume ratio of the casting part to the solid inlay in the molding process is 14: 1, then casting the magnesium alloy liquid after rare earth alloying at the temperature of 720 ℃. Cooling and solidifying to obtain the magnesium/aluminum bimetal material.
Example 3
A rare earth reinforced solid-liquid composite cast magnesium/aluminum bimetallic material and a preparation method thereof are disclosed, and the principle of the method is shown in figure 1. The mold 1 is prepared and the solid inlay 2 is placed in the mold 1 to complete the molding process. In the mould, the solid inlay 2 is surrounded by a cavity of the casting 4, which cavity of the casting 4 is connected to a gating system 3. And after the molding is finished, pouring the smelted molten metal from the pouring gate 5.
The solid inlay material is A356 aluminum alloy, the metal used for casting is AM60B magnesium alloy, the alloying element adopts rare earth Gd, and the rare earth element adopts Mg-30Gd intermediate alloy for adding.
The preparation method comprises the following specific steps:
(1) processing the solid aluminum alloy to obtain a required material style, and polishing to obtain an ideal surface roughness to obtain the solid inlay;
(2) chemically cleaning the surface of the solid inlay to remove oil stains and oxides on the surface;
(3) preparing ingredients: the addition requirement of the rare earth elements is 1 percent, and Mg-30Gd rare earth intermediate alloy for alloying, pure Al and pure Mn are prepared according to the addition requirement to be used as materials for adjusting the components of the alloy.
(4) Smelting a magnesium alloy ingot, and adopting mixed gas of sulfur hexafluoride and carbon dioxide for protection until the magnesium alloy ingot is completely melted;
(5) regulating and controlling magnesium alloy components, namely adding pure Al and pure Zn into a magnesium alloy melt to regulate the magnesium alloy components;
(6) alloying, adjusting the temperature of the magnesium alloy melt to 720 ℃, adding the Mg-30Gd rare earth intermediate alloy preheated at 350 ℃, stirring after adding the Mg-30Gd intermediate alloy, and gradually adding the Mg-30Gd intermediate alloy in batches during the stirring process. And then preserving heat, rolling and stirring the Mg-30Gd intermediate alloy up and down for 7min after the Mg-30Gd intermediate alloy is completely melted, then adjusting the temperature of the magnesium alloy melt to 710 ℃, adding a refining agent, fully stirring, preserving heat, standing and refining for 5 min.
(7) Molding and pouring, namely placing the solid inlay in a prepared casting mold, wherein the volume ratio of the casting part to the solid inlay in the molding process is 45: 1, then casting the magnesium alloy liquid after rare earth alloying at 690 ℃. Cooling and solidifying to obtain the magnesium/aluminum bimetal material.
Example 4
A rare earth reinforced solid-liquid composite cast magnesium/aluminum bimetallic material and a preparation method thereof are disclosed, and the principle of the method is shown in figure 1. The mold 1 is prepared and the solid inlay 2 is placed in the mold 1 to complete the molding process. In the mould, the solid inlay 2 is surrounded by a cavity of the casting 4, which cavity of the casting 4 is connected to a gating system 3. And after the molding is finished, pouring the smelted molten metal from the pouring gate 5.
The solid inlay material is A356 aluminum alloy, the metal used for casting is pure magnesium, the alloying element is rare earth Y, and the rare earth element is added by Mg-30Y intermediate alloy.
The preparation method comprises the following specific steps:
(1) processing the solid aluminum alloy to obtain a required material style, and polishing to obtain an ideal surface roughness to obtain the solid inlay;
(2) chemically cleaning the surface of the solid inlay to remove oil stains and oxides on the surface;
(3) preparing ingredients: the addition requirement of the rare earth element is 5%, and Mg-30Y rare earth intermediate alloy for alloying is prepared according to the addition requirement.
(4) Smelting a magnesium alloy ingot, and adopting mixed gas of sulfur hexafluoride and carbon dioxide for protection until the magnesium alloy ingot is completely melted;
(5) regulating and controlling magnesium alloy components, namely adding pure Al and pure Zn into a magnesium alloy melt to regulate the magnesium alloy components;
(6) alloying, adjusting the temperature of a magnesium alloy melt to 780 ℃, adding a Mg-30Y rare earth intermediate alloy preheated at 400 ℃, stirring after adding the Mg-30Y intermediate alloy, and gradually adding the Mg-30Y intermediate alloy in batches during the stirring process. And then preserving heat, rolling and stirring up and down for 8min after the Mg-30Y intermediate alloy is completely melted, then adjusting the temperature of the magnesium alloy melt to 750 ℃, adding a refining agent, fully stirring, preserving heat, standing and refining for 15 min.
(7) And (3) molding and pouring, namely placing the solid inlay in a prepared casting mold, wherein the volume ratio of the casting part to the solid inlay in the molding process is 7: 1, then casting the magnesium alloy liquid after rare earth alloying at 730 ℃. Cooling and solidifying to obtain the magnesium/aluminum bimetal material.
Example 5
A rare earth reinforced solid-liquid composite cast magnesium/aluminum bimetallic material and a preparation method thereof are disclosed, and the principle of the method is shown in figure 1. The mold 1 is prepared and the solid inlay 2 is placed in the mold 1 to complete the molding process. In the mould, the solid inlay 2 is surrounded by a cavity of the casting 4, which cavity of the casting 4 is connected to a gating system 3. And after the molding is finished, pouring the smelted molten metal from the pouring gate 5.
The solid inlay material is ZL301 aluminum alloy, the metal used for casting is pure magnesium, the alloying element adopts rare earth Gd, and the rare earth element adopts Mg-30Gd intermediate alloy for adding.
The preparation method comprises the following specific steps:
(1) processing the solid aluminum alloy to obtain a required material style, and polishing to obtain an ideal surface roughness to obtain the solid inlay;
(2) chemically cleaning the surface of the solid inlay to remove oil stains and oxides on the surface;
(3) preparing ingredients: the addition requirement of the rare earth element is 10 percent, and Mg-30Gd rare earth intermediate alloy for alloying is prepared according to the addition requirement.
(4) Smelting a magnesium alloy ingot, and adopting mixed gas of sulfur hexafluoride and carbon dioxide for protection until the magnesium alloy ingot is completely melted;
(5) regulating and controlling magnesium alloy components, namely adding pure Al and pure Zn into a magnesium alloy melt to regulate the magnesium alloy components;
(6) alloying, adjusting the temperature of the magnesium alloy melt to 750 ℃, adding Mg-30Gd rare earth intermediate alloy preheated at 400 ℃, stirring after adding the Mg-30Gd intermediate alloy, and gradually adding the Mg-30Gd intermediate alloy in batches during the stirring process. And then preserving heat, rolling and stirring the Mg-30Gd intermediate alloy up and down for 10min after the Mg-30Gd intermediate alloy is completely melted, then adjusting the temperature of the magnesium alloy melt to 710 ℃, adding a refining agent, fully stirring, preserving heat, standing and refining for 15 min.
(7) Molding and pouring, namely placing the solid inlay in a prepared casting mold, wherein the volume ratio of the casting part to the solid inlay in the molding process is 21: 1, then casting the magnesium alloy liquid after rare earth alloying at 690 ℃. Cooling and solidifying to obtain the magnesium/aluminum bimetal material.
Example 6
A rare earth reinforced solid-liquid composite cast magnesium/aluminum bimetallic material and a preparation method thereof are disclosed, and the principle of the method is shown in figure 1. The mold 1 is prepared and the solid inlay 2 is placed in the mold 1 to complete the molding process. In the mould, the solid inlay 2 is surrounded by a cavity of the casting 4, which cavity of the casting 4 is connected to a gating system 3. And after the molding is finished, pouring the smelted molten metal from the pouring gate 5.
The solid inlay material is ZL301 aluminum alloy, the metal used for casting is AS31 magnesium alloy, the alloying element adopts rare earth Gd, and the rare earth element adopts Mg-30Gd intermediate alloy for adding.
The preparation method comprises the following specific steps:
(1) processing the solid aluminum alloy to obtain a required material style, and polishing to obtain an ideal surface roughness to obtain the solid inlay;
(2) chemically cleaning the surface of the solid inlay to remove oil stains and oxides on the surface;
(3) preparing ingredients: the addition requirement of the rare earth element is 6 percent, and Mg-30Gd rare earth intermediate alloy for alloying and pure Al and Al-30Si intermediate alloy are prepared according to the addition requirement to be used as materials for adjusting the alloy components.
(4) Smelting a magnesium alloy ingot, and adopting mixed gas of sulfur hexafluoride and carbon dioxide for protection until the magnesium alloy ingot is completely melted;
(5) regulating and controlling the components of the magnesium alloy, namely adding pure Al and Al-30Si intermediate alloy into the magnesium alloy melt to regulate the components of the magnesium alloy;
(6) alloying, adjusting the temperature of the magnesium alloy melt to 780 ℃, adding Mg-30Gd rare earth intermediate alloy preheated at 370 ℃, stirring after adding the Mg-30Gd intermediate alloy, and gradually adding the Mg-30Gd intermediate alloy in batches during the stirring process. And then preserving heat, rolling and stirring the Mg-30Gd intermediate alloy up and down for 8min after the Mg-30Gd intermediate alloy is completely melted, then adjusting the temperature of the magnesium alloy melt to 770 ℃, adding a refining agent, fully stirring, preserving heat, standing and refining for 5 min.
(7) And (3) molding and pouring, namely placing the solid inlay in a prepared casting mold, wherein the volume ratio of the casting part to the solid inlay in the molding process is 7: 1, then casting the magnesium alloy liquid after rare earth alloying at 750 ℃. Cooling and solidifying to obtain the magnesium/aluminum bimetal material.
As can be seen from the interface structure images of the magnesium/aluminum bimetallic material shown in (a) to (c) of FIG. 3, the interface has obvious oxide inclusion defects, and the element diffusion at the interface is hindered by the oxide inclusion defects, so that Mg appears on the side of the oxide inclusion defects2Aggregation phenomenon of Si phase. On the other hand, the interface structure images of the magnesium/aluminum bimetal after the addition of 0.5% Gd and 0.2% Y are shown in fig. 4 (a) to (c) and fig. 5 (a) to (c). The results show that after rare earth Gd and Y are added, the defect of oxide inclusion at the interface is eliminated, thereby promoting the diffusion of elements at the interface and avoiding Mg2The Si phase is accumulated in the interface, and the eutectic structure in the interface is refined. For magnesiumThe shear strength of the/aluminum bimetallic interface was tested and resulted in a significant increase in surface addition of 0.5% Gd and 0.2% Y, which increased from about 36MPa in comparative example 1 to about 44MPa in example 1 and about 42MPa in example 2 by 22% and 17%, respectively.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the invention, and that any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A preparation method of rare earth reinforced solid-liquid composite cast magnesium/aluminum bimetal is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, smelting a magnesium alloy ingot, adding preheated Mg-RE rare earth intermediate alloy into the smelted magnesium alloy, and stirring to uniformly mix the magnesium alloy and the rare earth intermediate alloy so as to obtain alloy liquid;
s2, pouring the alloy liquid into the casting mould with the aluminum alloy inlay, cooling and solidifying to obtain the required composite casting magnesium/aluminum bimetal product.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein in step S1, before adding the Mg-RE rare earth master alloy, a material for adjusting magnesium alloy components is added to maintain the mass percentages of the components in the magnesium alloy ingot.
3. The method for preparing the rare earth reinforced solid-liquid composite cast magnesium/aluminum bimetal according to claim 2, wherein in step S1, the rare earth alloy element in the Mg-RE rare earth master alloy is Y or Gd, and the mass percentage of the rare earth element in the alloy liquid is 0.2-10%.
4. The method for preparing the rare earth reinforced solid-liquid composite cast magnesium/aluminum bimetal according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the preheating temperature of the Mg-RE rare earth master alloy is 300 ℃ to 400 ℃ in step S1.
5. The method for preparing rare earth reinforced solid-liquid composite cast magnesium/aluminum bimetal of claim 4, wherein in step S1, Mg-RE intermediate alloy is added when the smelted magnesium alloy is heated to 720-780 ℃.
6. The method for preparing the rare earth reinforced solid-liquid composite cast magnesium/aluminum bimetal according to claim 5, wherein stirring is required when the Mg-RE master alloy is added, and the Mg-RE master alloy is gradually added in batches during stirring.
7. The method for preparing the rare earth reinforced solid-liquid composite cast magnesium/aluminum bimetal according to claim 6, wherein the temperature is kept after the Mg-RE intermediate alloy is added, the Mg-RE intermediate alloy is completely melted, the mixture is stirred for 5 to 10 minutes in a vertically rolling manner to fully and uniformly mix the melt, then the temperature of the melt is adjusted to 710 to 770 ℃, a refining agent is added and the mixture is fully stirred, and the temperature is kept for 3 to 15 minutes after the refining is finished.
8. The method for preparing the rare earth reinforced solid-liquid composite cast magnesium/aluminum bimetal according to claim 1, wherein the volume ratio of the finally obtained composite cast magnesium/aluminum bimetal product to the inlay is 7: 1-45: 1.
9. the method for preparing rare earth reinforced solid-liquid composite cast magnesium/aluminum bimetal of claim 1, wherein the casting temperature is 690-750 ℃ in step S2.
10. A co-cast bimetallic magnesium/aluminium product obtained by the method of manufacture according to any one of claims 1 to 9.
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