CN113992915B - Coding unit dividing method and system applicable to VVC intra-frame prediction - Google Patents
Coding unit dividing method and system applicable to VVC intra-frame prediction Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a coding unit dividing method applicable to VVC intra-frame prediction, which relates to the technical field of image processing and mainly comprises the following steps: acquiring a first dispersion of a brightness sample of a current coding unit in an upper partition, a lower partition and a second dispersion of a left partition and a right partition respectively; according to the angle corresponding to each intra-frame angle prediction mode, extracting the intra-frame angle prediction mode within a preset angle range and respectively defining the intra-frame angle prediction mode as a horizontal direction and a vertical direction; performing preliminary judgment of the division direction based on the dispersion information; judging the preliminary judgment again according to the direction of the intra-frame angle prediction mode of the current coding unit; and dividing the current coding unit according to the final judgment result, and outputting the coding unit under the current depth as the optimal division result after the division result is not available. Compared with the current multi-type quad-tree, the method has the advantages that the calculation quantity is reduced due to the large calculation requirement of the rate-distortion cost function, and the coding efficiency is improved on the premise of ensuring the compression performance.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to the field of image processing technologies, and in particular, to a coding unit partitioning method and system applicable to VVC intra prediction.
Background
With the increasing demand of people for higher resolution, higher quality and more diversified Video content, the demand for the next generation Video Coding standard with the capability of High-Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC for short) is generated. For this reason, MPEG and VCEG jointly form a joint Video team (jfet), and a next generation Video Coding standard, a universal Video Coding (VVC) standard, is being developed. The compression capability of the VVC is far beyond HEVC, and the VVC has High versatility, and can be applied to different scenes including High Dynamic Range (HDR), Screen Content Coding (SCC), 360 ° full-angle video, and the like.
Many novel coding techniques are designed and adopted in the VVC coding standard, so that the efficiency of video coding is greatly improved. These techniques include a quadtree high-efficiency block partitioning structure that nests multi-type trees, which provides greater flexibility for the partition shape of a Coding Unit (CU) and eliminates the separation of the Prediction Unit (PU) and Transform Unit (TU) concepts of a CU in HEVC. Unlike HEVC, which provides 33-direction Intra angle Prediction Modes, VVC provides 65-direction Intra angle Prediction Modes (IPMs).
In order to reduce the complexity of a VVC nested Multi-Type quad-tree (QTMT) structure, the invention determines the dividing directions of binary division and ternary division by researching the correlation between the internal prediction mode and the sample of the current CU, thereby avoiding unnecessary calculation of the binary division and the ternary division and reducing the encoding time under the condition of approximate compression performance.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to better reduce the complexity of the prior nested multi-type quad-tree structure and reduce the overall coding time under the condition of ensuring the compression performance, the invention provides a coding unit division method applicable to VVC intra-frame prediction starting from the judgment logic of coding unit division, which comprises the following steps:
s1: acquiring a first dispersion of a brightness sample of a current coding unit in an upper partition, a lower partition and a second dispersion of a left partition and a right partition respectively;
s2: according to the angle corresponding to each intra-frame angle prediction mode, extracting the intra-frame angle prediction mode within a preset angle range and respectively defining the intra-frame angle prediction mode as a horizontal direction and a vertical direction;
s3: judging the magnitude of the first dispersion and the second dispersion, if the first dispersion is larger than the second dispersion, entering S4, and if the first dispersion is smaller than the second dispersion, entering S5;
s4: judging whether the intra-frame angle prediction mode of the current coding unit belongs to the horizontal direction, if so, judging that the intra-frame angle prediction mode belongs to the horizontal direction, and entering the step S6, otherwise, entering the step S7;
s5: judging whether the intra angle prediction mode of the current coding unit belongs to the vertical direction, if so, judging the intra angle prediction mode to be vertically divided and entering the step S6, otherwise, entering the step S7;
s6: performing coding unit division on the current coding unit according to the direction division result, entering the division of each coding unit of the next depth and returning to the step S1;
s7: and judging the coding unit at the current depth as the optimal division result.
Further, in the step S1, the upper partition and the lower partition are two sub-areas of the same size horizontally partitioned according to the current coding unit, and the left partition and the right partition are two sub-areas of the same size vertically partitioned according to the current coding unit.
Further, in the step S1, the first dispersion is the sum of the variance values of the luminance samples of the upper and lower subregions of the current coding unit, and the second dispersion is the sum of the variance values of the luminance samples of the left and right subregions of the current coding unit.
Further, in step S2, the preset angle range in the horizontal direction is divided by using the angle corresponding to the horizontal intra angle prediction mode of the current coding unit as a reference line, and the preset angle range in the opposite vertical direction is divided by using the angle corresponding to the vertical intra angle prediction mode of the current coding unit as a reference line.
Further, before the step of S7, a step of,
s70: and judging whether the quadtree division is carried out or not according to the rate distortion function of the current coding unit, if so, carrying out the quadtree division on the current coding unit, entering the division of each coding unit at the next depth and returning to the step S1, and if not, entering the step S7.
Further, before the step S3 is finished to determine the dispersion magnitude and the step S4 or S5 is proceeded, the method further includes the steps of:
s31: and judging whether the difference value between the dispersion degrees is larger than a preset threshold value, if so, entering a corresponding step according to the judgment result of the step S3, and if not, entering the step S70.
The invention also provides a coding unit dividing system applicable to VVC intra-frame prediction, which comprises the following steps:
the data calculation module is used for calculating a first dispersion of the current coding unit in an upper partition and a lower partition and a second dispersion of the current coding unit in a left partition and a right partition according to the brightness sample of the current coding unit;
the reference setting module is used for extracting the intra-frame angle prediction modes within a preset angle range according to the corresponding angles of the intra-frame angle prediction modes and respectively defining the intra-frame angle prediction modes as a horizontal direction and a vertical direction;
the initial judgment module is used for entering the vertical skipping module when the first dispersion is larger than the second dispersion and entering the horizontal skipping module when the first dispersion is smaller than the second dispersion according to the size relation between the first dispersion and the second dispersion;
a vertical skip module for determining horizontal division when the intra angle prediction mode of the current coding unit belongs to the horizontal direction;
a horizontal skipping module, configured to determine that the current coding unit is divided vertically when the intra angle prediction mode belongs to a vertical direction;
and the unit dividing module is used for dividing the coding unit of the current coding unit according to the dividing result and outputting the coding unit under the current depth as the optimal dividing result when the dividing result does not exist.
Further, in the data calculation module, the upper partition and the lower partition are two sub-areas with the same size horizontally divided according to the current coding unit, and the left partition and the right partition are two sub-areas with the same size vertically divided according to the current coding unit.
And the quadtree decision module is used for deciding the quadtree division according to the rate distortion function of the current coding unit when the vertical skipping module and the horizontal skipping module do not output the division result.
Further, the preliminary judgment module further comprises a threshold judgment unit, and the threshold judgment unit is used for bypassing the vertical skipping module and the horizontal skipping unit and directly entering the quadtree judgment module when the difference value between the dispersion degrees is smaller than a preset threshold value.
Compared with the prior art, the invention at least has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the invention relates to a coding unit dividing method and a coding unit dividing system applicable to VVC intra-frame prediction, which utilize the comparison of the dispersion degrees in different directions to utilize the brightness information of each partition to carry out the preliminary judgment of the division, and then combine the intra-frame angle prediction mode of the current coding unit to make the final division judgment, namely, the judgment of the dividing direction of the coding unit is carried out by the combination of time domain information and space domain information;
(2) compared with the current multi-type quad-tree, the rate distortion cost function of each division unit in the binary division and the ternary division is calculated in each direction (horizontal direction and vertical direction) to realize the division judgment of the coding unit, so that the calculation amount required in the coding process is greatly reduced, and the coding efficiency is improved on the premise of ensuring the compression performance.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram of method steps for a coding unit partitioning method applicable to VVC intra prediction;
FIG. 2 is a system diagram of a coding unit partitioning system applicable to VVC intra prediction;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of four cell divisions of an MTT structure;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of an example of CTU partitioning under an MTT structure;
fig. 5 is a diagram illustrating intra angle prediction modes of VVC.
Detailed Description
The following are specific embodiments of the present invention and are further described with reference to the drawings, but the present invention is not limited to these embodiments.
Example one
Since the division of each intra coding unit plays a crucial role for video compression, a series of partition structure schemes have been developed for the VVC coding standard. In the QTMT split structure, the current CTU is first divided into four equal squares CUs according to a Quadtree (QT) split structure, and each CU may be recursively split in the square CUs using QT or in the rectangle CUs using a Multi-Type Tree (MTT) structure. As shown in fig. 3, the MTT structure divides the coding unit by four kinds of trees: horizontal binary tree partitioning (SPLIT _ BT _ HOR), vertical binary tree partitioning (SPLIT _ BT _ VER), horizontal ternary tree partitioning (SPLIT _ TT _ HOR), vertical ternary tree partitioning (SPLIT _ TT _ VER). As shown in fig. 4, which is an example of the division of a CTU, the thick solid line is a quadtree division boundary, and the thin solid line is a multi-type tree boundary.
Although the encoding efficiency is improved by adopting the quad-tree division encoding structure of the nested multi-type trees, the division basis of the encoding unit is judged by depending on a rate-distortion cost function, so that the calculation amount is large, and the application with high real-time requirement is difficult to meet. Therefore, in order to solve the above problem, as shown in fig. 1, the present invention provides a coding unit partitioning method applicable to VVC intra prediction, comprising the steps of:
s1: acquiring a first variance of a brightness sample of a current coding unit in an upper partition, a lower partition and a second variance of a left partition and a right partition respectively;
s2: according to the angle corresponding to each intra-frame angle prediction mode, extracting the intra-frame angle prediction mode within a preset angle range and respectively defining the intra-frame angle prediction mode as a horizontal direction and a vertical direction;
s3: judging the magnitude of the first dispersion and the second dispersion, if the first dispersion is larger than the second dispersion, entering S4, and if the first dispersion is smaller than the second dispersion, entering S5;
s4: judging whether the intra-frame angle prediction mode of the current coding unit belongs to the horizontal direction, if so, judging that the intra-frame angle prediction mode belongs to the horizontal direction, and entering the step S6, otherwise, entering the step S7;
s5: judging whether the intra angle prediction mode of the current coding unit belongs to the vertical direction, if so, judging the intra angle prediction mode to be vertically divided and entering the step S6, otherwise, entering the step S7;
s6: performing coding unit division on the current coding unit according to the direction division result, entering the division of each coding unit of the next depth and returning to the step S1;
s7: and judging the coding unit at the current depth as the optimal division result.
The reason why the present invention selects the luminance samples in different directions as the judgment data for vertical division/horizontal division is that for the division of the coding units, the purpose is to screen out the same type of pixel sets in different target classification pixel points to realize the classification of the classification labels. Because the pixels of the same type often have similar sampling information, when the sampling information between adjacent pixels is similar, the pixels can be preliminarily judged to be the same type of pixel set. Based on this, the invention proposes that the preliminary judgment of the division direction can be realized by judging the dispersion of the sampling information among different partitions (since the division direction of the coding unit is judged to be vertical and horizontal, the partitions refer to the upper and lower partitions and the left and right partitions of the coding unit). Meanwhile, because the sensitivity of human eyes to brightness is higher than chrominance, in order to reduce data volume, each video sampling format generally does not reduce the sampling of gray scale (namely brightness) and only reduces the sampling of chrominance properly, therefore, the invention selects the brightness information (namely the brightness sample in the coding unit) in the sampling information as the judgment data, so that the judgment result can not be inaccurate due to sampling omission.
Considering that if the coding unit is divided into binary (halving) or ternary (trisecting), there must be a large data dispersion between the head equal partition and the tail equal partition. Therefore, in order to ensure the effectiveness of the inter-partition judgment and fit the actual partition result, the upper partition and the lower partition are two sub-areas with the same size which are horizontally partitioned according to the current coding unit, and the left partition and the right partition are two sub-areas with the same size which are vertically partitioned according to the current coding unit. Meanwhile, the first variance is the sum of the variance values of the brightness samples of the upper and lower subregions of the current coding unit, and the second variance is the sum of the variance values of the brightness samples of the left and right subregions.
The judgment of the division direction cannot be completely realized only by judging the dispersion of the sampling information in different directions of the coding unit (target classification in a space domain), because different intra-frame motion angles (target classification in a time domain) also influence the classification and division of pixel points, and therefore, the intra-frame angle prediction mode of the current coding unit needs to be associated to improve the division performance of the current coding unit.
The number of intra angular prediction modes (IPMs) due to VVC increases from 33 to 65 of HEVC, as shown in fig. 5. In order to make the horizontal division determination result obtained by the coding unit through spatial correlation not be affected by the determination of the motion direction in the time domain, the intra-frame angle prediction mode needs to be within a certain range. The preset angle range in the horizontal direction (defined as IPMhor) is divided by using the angle corresponding to the horizontal intra-frame angle prediction mode of the current coding unit as a reference line, and the preset angle range in the vertical opposite direction (defined as IPMver) is divided by using the angle corresponding to the vertical intra-frame angle prediction mode of the current coding unit as a reference line. In the present embodiment, 10 to 28 IPM (horizontal mode ± 8) is selected as the preset angle range in the horizontal direction, and 42 to 58 IPM (vertical mode ± 8) is selected as the preset angle range in the vertical direction.
Since it is necessary to consider whether or not the division direction is a quadtree division if the division direction cannot be determined after the correlation of the information in the time domain and the space domain, the method includes a step of, before the step of S7,
s70: and judging whether the quadtree division is carried out or not according to the rate distortion function of the current coding unit, if so, carrying out the quadtree division on the current coding unit, entering the division of each coding unit at the next depth and returning to the step S1, and if not, entering the step S7.
Further, consider that the first dispersion (σ) is not simplehor) Greater than the second dispersion (σ)ver) Or the second dispersion is greater than the first dispersion, so that the partition judgment on the space domain of the coding unit can be determined, and a certain difference value needs to be satisfied between the two dispersions to satisfy the sufficient difference, and in this embodiment, the difference value is set to 10. Therefore, before the determination of the dispersion size is finished and the process proceeds to the step S4 or the step S5 in the step S3, the method further includes the steps of:
s31: and judging whether the difference value between the dispersion degrees is larger than a preset threshold value, if so, entering a corresponding step according to the judgment result of the step S3, and if not, entering the step S70.
Meanwhile, if the first dispersion is equal to the second dispersion, the process directly proceeds to step S70 to determine the quadtree division.
The contents of the present embodiment are summarized as follows: the present invention recognizes a texture direction of a current coding unit according to a luminance sample-based dispersion comparison and an optimal intra angle prediction mode (IPM) of the current coding unit through a proposed fast partitioning for Coding Unit (CUFD) method, thereby calculating by skipping binary and ternary partitions in a vertical direction (defined as CUFD)hor) Or skip binary and ternary partition calculations in the horizontal direction (defined as CUFD)ver) Thereby reducing the coding time consumption caused by a large amount of rate distortion cost calculation. Wherein, the skipping calculated in each direction and the judgment of the dividing direction can be expressed as,
in summary, the method and system for dividing the coding unit applicable to VVC intra prediction according to the present invention utilize the comparison of the luminance dispersion in different directions to perform the preliminary judgment of the division by using the luminance information of each partition, and then make the final judgment of the division by combining the intra angle prediction mode of the current coding unit, that is, determine the division direction of the coding unit by combining the time domain information and the spatial domain information.
Compared with the current multi-type quad-tree, the rate distortion cost function of each division unit in the binary division and the ternary division is calculated in each direction (horizontal direction and vertical direction) to realize the division judgment of the coding unit, so that the calculation amount required in the coding process is greatly reduced, and the coding efficiency is improved on the premise of ensuring the compression performance.
Example two
In order to better understand the technical content of the present invention, this embodiment explains the present invention in the form of a system structure, as shown in fig. 2, an encoding unit partitioning system applicable to VVC intra prediction includes:
the data calculation module is used for respectively calculating first dispersion of the current coding unit in an upper partition and a lower partition and second dispersion of the current coding unit in a left partition and a right partition according to the brightness sample of the current coding unit;
the reference setting module is used for extracting the intra-frame angle prediction modes within a preset angle range according to the corresponding angles of the intra-frame angle prediction modes and respectively defining the intra-frame angle prediction modes as a horizontal direction and a vertical direction;
the initial judgment module is used for entering the vertical skipping module when the first dispersion is larger than the second dispersion and entering the horizontal skipping module when the first dispersion is smaller than the second dispersion according to the size relation between the first dispersion and the second dispersion;
a vertical skip module for determining horizontal division when the intra angle prediction mode of the current coding unit belongs to the horizontal direction;
a horizontal skipping module, configured to determine that the current coding unit is divided vertically when the intra angle prediction mode belongs to a vertical direction;
and the unit dividing module is used for dividing the coding unit of the current coding unit according to the dividing result and outputting the coding unit under the current depth as the optimal dividing result when the dividing result does not exist.
Further, in the data calculation module, the upper partition and the lower partition are two sub-regions with the same size horizontally divided according to the current coding unit, and the left partition and the right partition are two sub-regions with the same size vertically divided according to the current coding unit.
And the quadtree decision module is used for deciding the quadtree division according to the rate distortion function of the current coding unit when the vertical skipping module and the horizontal skipping module do not output the division result.
Further, the initial judgment module further comprises a threshold judgment unit, and the threshold judgment unit is used for bypassing the vertical skipping module and the horizontal skipping unit and directly entering the quadtree judgment module when the difference value between the dispersion degrees is smaller than a preset threshold value.
EXAMPLE III
In order to verify the effectiveness of the coding unit partitioning method proposed by the present invention, the present embodiment verifies the present invention by a specific experimental example, which is implemented in the VVC reference software VTM-12.0, and uses All Intra-full (AI) configurations, and the 4 Quantization Parameters (QP) values are respectively: 22, 27, 32, 37. The reduced coding computation complexity is measured in terms of average savings coding Time (TS) by comparing the rate distortion (BDRate) of the proposed algorithm to the VVC reference software to verify the performance of the algorithm.
Wherein i is an integer of 1 to 4, TVTM（QPi) And Tpro（QPi) The coding time of reference software and the coding time of the algorithm proposed by the patent are respectively under different quantization parameter QP values.
As can be seen from the experimental results (as in table 1), the method saves an average of 29.19% of the encoding time in terms of encoding complexity, and the encoding efficiency of the method is reduced by 0.45% in terms of encoding efficiency. Therefore, under the low-delay configuration, the coding unit dividing method provided by the invention can obviously reduce the complexity of coding on the premise of hardly influencing the coding quality.
Table 1: data of experimental results
It should be noted that all the directional indicators (such as up, down, left, right, front, and rear … …) in the embodiment of the present invention are only used to explain the relative position relationship between the components, the movement situation, etc. in a specific posture (as shown in the drawing), and if the specific posture is changed, the directional indicator is changed accordingly.
Moreover, descriptions of the present invention as relating to "first," "second," "a," etc. are for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicit ly indicating a number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means at least two, e.g., two, three, etc., unless specifically limited otherwise.
In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, the terms "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly, and for example, "secured" may be a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral part; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be directly connected or indirectly connected through intervening media, or they may be connected internally or in any other suitable relationship, unless expressly stated otherwise. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
In addition, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention may be combined with each other, but it must be based on the realization of those skilled in the art, and when the technical solutions are contradictory or cannot be realized, such a combination of technical solutions should not be considered to exist, and is not within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A coding unit division method applicable to VVC intra prediction, comprising the steps of:
s1: acquiring a first dispersion of a brightness sample of a current coding unit in an upper partition, a lower partition and a second dispersion of a left partition and a right partition respectively;
s2: according to the angle corresponding to each intra-frame angle prediction mode, extracting the intra-frame angle prediction mode in a preset angle range and respectively defining the intra-frame angle prediction mode as a horizontal direction and a vertical direction;
s3: judging the magnitude of the first dispersion and the second dispersion, if the first dispersion is larger than the second dispersion, entering S4, if the first dispersion is smaller than the second dispersion, entering S5;
s4: judging whether the intra-frame angle prediction mode of the current coding unit belongs to the horizontal direction, if so, judging that the intra-frame angle prediction mode belongs to the horizontal direction, and entering the step S6, otherwise, entering the step S7;
s5: judging whether the intra angle prediction mode of the current coding unit belongs to the vertical direction, if so, judging the intra angle prediction mode to be vertically divided and entering the step S6, otherwise, entering the step S7;
s6: performing coding unit division on the current coding unit according to the direction division result, entering the division of each coding unit of the next depth and returning to the step S1;
s7: judging the coding unit under the current depth as the optimal division result;
in the step S1, the upper and lower partitions are two sub-areas with the same size horizontally partitioned according to the current coding unit, and the left and right partitions are two sub-areas with the same size vertically partitioned according to the current coding unit;
in the step S1, the first dispersion is the sum of the variance values of the luminance samples of the upper and lower subregions of the current coding unit, and the second dispersion is the sum of the variance values of the luminance samples of the left and right subregions of the current coding unit.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step S2, the horizontal predetermined angular range is divided based on an angle corresponding to the horizontal intra angle prediction mode of the current CU as a reference line, and the vertical predetermined angular range is divided based on an angle corresponding to the vertical intra angle prediction mode of the current CU as a reference line.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of S7 is preceded by a step of dividing the coding unit for VVC intra prediction,
s70: and judging whether the quadtree division is carried out or not according to the rate distortion function of the current coding unit, if so, carrying out the quadtree division on the current coding unit, entering the division of each coding unit at the next depth and returning to the step S1, and if not, entering the step S7.
4. The method as claimed in claim 3, wherein the step S3, before the step S4 or S5 is proceeded with, further comprising the steps of:
s31: and judging whether the difference value between the dispersion degrees is larger than a preset threshold value, if so, entering a corresponding step according to the judgment result of the step S3, and if not, entering the step S70.
5. A coding unit partitioning system applicable to VVC intra prediction, comprising:
the data calculation module is used for calculating a first dispersion of the current coding unit in an upper partition and a lower partition and a second dispersion of the current coding unit in a left partition and a right partition according to the brightness sample of the current coding unit;
the reference setting module is used for extracting the intra-frame angle prediction modes within a preset angle range according to the corresponding angles of the intra-frame angle prediction modes and respectively defining the intra-frame angle prediction modes as a horizontal direction and a vertical direction;
the initial judgment module is used for entering the vertical skipping module when the first dispersion is larger than the second dispersion and entering the horizontal skipping module when the first dispersion is smaller than the second dispersion according to the size relation between the first dispersion and the second dispersion;
a vertical skip module for determining horizontal division when the intra angle prediction mode of the current coding unit belongs to the horizontal direction;
a horizontal skipping module, configured to determine that the intra-frame angle prediction mode of the current coding unit belongs to a vertical direction, and determine that the intra-frame angle prediction mode belongs to a vertical division;
the unit dividing module is used for dividing the coding units of the current coding unit according to the dividing result and outputting the coding units under the current depth as the optimal dividing result when the dividing result does not exist;
in the data calculation module, the upper partition and the lower partition are two sub-areas with the same size which are horizontally divided according to the current coding unit, and the left partition and the right partition are two sub-areas with the same size which are vertically divided according to the current coding unit;
the first dispersion is the sum of the variance values of the brightness samples of the upper and lower subregions of the current coding unit, and the second dispersion is the sum of the variance values of the brightness samples of the left and right subregions of the current coding unit.
6. The system of claim 5, further comprising a quadtree decision module for deciding the quadtree partition according to the rate-distortion function of the current CU when no partition result is outputted from the vertical skip module and the horizontal skip module.
7. The system as claimed in claim 6, wherein the initial determining module further comprises a threshold determining unit for bypassing the vertical skipping module and the horizontal skipping unit and directly entering the quadtree determining module when the difference between the dispersion values is smaller than a predetermined threshold.
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