CN113991050A - Preparation method of wet-method + dry-method thermal battery composite positive electrode - Google Patents

Preparation method of wet-method + dry-method thermal battery composite positive electrode Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113991050A
CN113991050A CN202111237020.7A CN202111237020A CN113991050A CN 113991050 A CN113991050 A CN 113991050A CN 202111237020 A CN202111237020 A CN 202111237020A CN 113991050 A CN113991050 A CN 113991050A
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China
Prior art keywords
powder
dry
positive electrode
wet
thermal battery
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CN202111237020.7A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
何董琦
王妮
彭振国
吴涛
赵胜楠
常文涛
刘艳萍
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Xi'an North Qinghua Electromechanical Co ltd
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Xi'an North Qinghua Electromechanical Co ltd
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/06Electrodes for primary cells
    • H01M4/08Processes of manufacture
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/58Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
    • H01M4/581Chalcogenides or intercalation compounds thereof
    • H01M4/5815Sulfides
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M6/00Primary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M6/30Deferred-action cells
    • H01M6/36Deferred-action cells containing electrolyte and made operational by physical means, e.g. thermal cells

Abstract

The invention provides a preparation method of a 'wet' + 'dry' thermal battery composite anode, which absorbs wet FeS2Positive electrode and Dry CoS2The positive electrode has the advantages of improving the self capacity, and the positive electrode is tested under the same electrical property condition, has no voltage spike at the initial stage of discharge, can prolong the working time by 10-30 percent and is suitable for discharge of a high-power thermal battery.

Description

Preparation method of wet-method + dry-method thermal battery composite positive electrode
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of thermal batteries, and particularly relates to a preparation method of a wet method + dry method thermal battery composite positive electrode.
Background
Currently, the dry FeS method which is most used as the anode material of the thermal battery2Positive electrode material or dry CoS2And (3) a positive electrode material.
FeS2The anode material has high electrode potential, the potential relative to lithium is about 2.2V, and the density is 4.9g/cm3The capacitance is 0.446 A.h/g; the decomposition temperature is 550 ℃, and the high temperature resistance is poor; resistivity of 0.036. omega. cm, poor electron conductivity in chemical reaction, FeS2The positive electrode material generates high waves at the initial stage of discharge, which affects the voltage accuracy and the service life of the battery. By reaction in FeS2Lithium oxide is added to remove high waves at the initial stage of thermal battery discharge (dry processing method), but the lithium oxide has high resistivity and high internal resistance, cannot meet the electrical property requirement of high load and large current, and has low decomposition temperature, and the performance is sharply reduced due to decomposition of an overheated positive electrode. The positive electrode is not suitable for high energy, high power thermal batteries.
CoS2A positive electrode material having a potential of about 2.0V with respect to lithium, which is the same as the FeS2 positive electrode material and has an insignificant voltage ripple at the initial stage of discharge; the density was 4.27g/cm3The capacitance is 0.435 A.h/g, and compared with FeS2, the density is small, the capacitance is similar, the consumption in unit volume is large, and the output energy is large; the resistivity is 0.002 omega cm, the electronic conductivity in the chemical reaction is good, the internal resistance is small, and the improvement of pulse heavy current discharge is facilitated; the decomposition temperature is 650 ℃, the working temperature range is wide, the thermal stability is good, the long working time discharge is facilitated, but the defect of poor tabletting formability exists.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem solved by the invention is as follows: the invention aims to solve the problems of high-wave and high-load large-current discharge performance in the discharge initial stage of a thermal battery, and FeS is treated by a wet method2Positive electrode material + dry processing CoS2A composite anode prepared from the anode material. The problems of sharp voltage at the initial discharge stage, large internal resistance during discharge, short time, difficult discharge of high load and large current and the like are solved in design.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a preparation method of a 'wet' + 'dry' thermal battery composite anode comprises the following steps:
step 1: for FeS2The method comprises the following steps of:
step 1.1: adding iron disulfide: co-melting powder: 70-80% of lithium-silicon alloy powder: 10% -20%: weighing 2-10% of the raw materials in mass proportion, and uniformly stirring the raw materials after weighing;
step 1.2: : humidifying the uniformly stirred powder by using a humidifying device to obtain a FeS2 positive electrode material after humidifying;
step 2: for CoS2The method for processing the anode material by the dry method comprises the following substeps:
step 2.1: mixing cobalt disulfide: co-melting powder: 70-80% of lithium oxide: 10% -20%: weighing 2-10% of the raw materials, and uniformly stirring the raw materials after weighing;
step 2.2: carrying out lithiation treatment on the uniformly stirred powder by using lithiation equipment, wherein the powder is black after lithiation is finished, and the end of lithiation treatment is indicated;
step 2.3: crushing the lithiated powder to obtain dry-processed CoS2A positive electrode material;
and step 3: the wet-processed FeS obtained in the step 12Positive electrode and dry processed CoS obtained in step 22The positive electrode is composed of 20% -80%: mixing 20-80%, vacuumizing, drying, taking out, crushing and sieving to obtain the composite anode.
The further technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the humidification treatment in the step 1.2 comprises the following steps: and (3) flattening the uniformly stirred powder into a thin layer, spraying moisture with the humidity of 95 +/-5% on the surface of the powder by using a humidifying device, and continuously rolling the powder for 1-2 hours.
The further technical scheme of the invention is as follows: after the humidification treatment, FeS2Li (OH) is uniformly wrapped on the surface, so that a voltage tip at the initial discharge stage is eliminated, and the voltage precision and the discharge duration of the thermal battery are improved.
The further technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the thickness of the thin layer is 0.5 cm-1.5 cm.
The further technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the lithiation treatment in the step 2.2 is as follows: and flattening the uniformly stirred powder into a thin layer, setting the temperature of the high-temperature vacuum lithiation furnace to be 450 +/-50 ℃ and the vacuum degree to be less than or equal to 5kPa, loading the powder into a tray, placing the tray into the high-temperature vacuum lithiation furnace, and keeping the temperature and the vacuum degree for 4-5 hours.
The further technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the thickness of the thin layer is 0.5 cm-1.5 cm.
The further technical scheme of the invention is as follows: in the step 3, the drying is carried out at the temperature of 175 +/-5 ℃ and is carried out for 4 +/-1 h.
Effects of the invention
The invention has the technical effects that: the wet-method + dry-method composite anode prepared by the invention absorbs the wet-method FeS2Positive electrode and Dry CoS2The positive electrode has the advantages of improving the self capacity, and the positive electrode is tested under the same electrical property condition, has no voltage spike at the initial stage of discharge, can prolong the working time by 10-30 percent and is suitable for discharge of a high-power thermal battery. Specifically, the invention has the advantages and positive effects that:
1. according to the invention, the lithium-silicon alloy powder is added into the FeS2, and the FeS is humidified to ensure that the FeS is2The surface is uniformly wrapped with Li (OH). When a heating piece of the lithium alloy/FeS 2 thermal battery is directly contacted and activated with a cathode of a single battery, FeS2 is decomposed due to local overheating to generate elemental sulfur, FeS2(S) → FeS (S) +0.5S2, the electromotive force of the lithium alloy/sulfur is higher than that of the lithium alloy/iron disulfide, lithium silicon alloy powder is mixed, lithium reacts with the decomposed elemental sulfur to generate lithium sulfide, the elemental sulfur is eliminated, a voltage tip at the initial stage of discharge is eliminated, and the voltage precision and the discharge time length of the thermal battery are improved.
2. The invention passes through the pair CoS2Lithiation treatment to obtain dry CoS2The decomposition temperature of CoS2 on the anode is high, elemental sulfur is not easy to decompose, voltage spikes are not obvious, and the thermal stability is good.
3. The invention adopts a wet method FeS2Positive electrode and dry CoS2The composite anode obtained by compounding the anode has the physicochemical property between two anodes, and the decomposition temperature and the conductivity are improved compared with the FeS2 anode, so that the composite anode can meet the discharge requirement of a high-load large-current thermal battery, and can well utilize FeS2High electrode potential and CoS2Positive electrodeThe internal resistance is less to prolong the working time of the thermal battery and improve the pulse voltage, and the problem of poor sheet forming property of the single battery can be solved.
Detailed Description
A process for preparing the composite positive electrode used in "wet method" + "dry method" includes wet treating FeS2Positive electrode material, dry-processed CoS2Preparing a positive electrode material and a composite positive electrode.
The wet method for treating FeS2The preparation proportion of the anode material is as follows: iron disulfide: co-melting powder: the lithium-silicon alloy powder is (70-80%): (10-20%): (2% -10%); weighing the powder according to the proportion, uniformly stirring, and humidifying the powder by using a humidifying device until the color becomes dark and the humidifying is completed. Drying the humidified anode to finally obtain a wet-processed FeS2 anode material;
the dry processing CoS2The preparation proportion of the anode material is as follows: cobalt disulfide: co-melting powder: lithium oxide (70-80%): (10-20%): (2% -10%); weighing the powder according to the proportion, uniformly stirring, and carrying out lithiation treatment on the powder by using lithiation equipment, wherein the powder is black after lithiation is finished. Crushing the lithiated powder to obtain CoS treated by a dry method2And (3) a positive electrode material.
The preparation of the composite anode is to treat FeS by a wet method2Positive electrode material and dry processing CoS2The anode materials are stirred and mixed according to a certain proportion: wet processed FeS2And (3) positive electrode: dry processed CoS2Positive electrode (20-80%): (20% -80%), continuously using a mixing device to carry out fine mixing, and drying to obtain the composite anode.
In order to further understand the contents, features and effects of the present invention, the following examples are illustrated and described in detail as follows:
example (b):
(1) FeS wet process2Preparation of positive electrode
According to the weight percentage of iron disulfide: co-melting powder: lithium-silicon alloy powder 79: 18: 3 weighing the powder materials, controlling the total amount at 1kg, placing the mixed powder into a cover with a humidifier for humidification, observing the color strain of the humidified anode powder to be deep and uniform after humidification for 45-75 min, and observing the humidified FeS2Drying the humidified anode for 9-10 h in a vacuum drying oven at the temperature of 175 +/-5 ℃ and the gage pressure of not more than-0.093 MPa, cooling to normal temperature after drying, and sieving with a 80-mesh sieve to obtain the undersize product, namely the wet FeS2And (4) a positive electrode.
(2) Dry-process CoS2Preparation of positive electrode
According to the weight percentage of cobalt disulfide: ternary full-lithium electrolyte EB 50: lithium oxide 80: 18: 2 weighing the powder materials, controlling the total amount of each part to be about 1.5kg, pouring the powder materials into a stirrer to be uniformly mixed, and mixing the mixture of the powder materials and the CoS2Putting the positive electrode into a vacuum lithiation furnace to lithiate for 4 hours at 420 ℃, wherein the color of the lithiated positive electrode powder is uniform and black, and after lithiation, the positive electrode powder is sieved by a 80-mesh sieve, and the sieved substance is dry-method CoS2And (4) a positive electrode.
(3) Preparation of "wet" + "dry" anode
FeS by wet method2And (3) positive electrode: dry-process CoS2Weighing the powder materials with the total amount of each part controlled to be about 1.5kg as 20:80, pouring the powder materials into a stirrer to be uniformly mixed, putting the mixed composite anode into a vacuum lithiation furnace to be lithiated for 4 hours at the temperature of 420 ℃, wherein the color of the lithiated composite anode powder is uniform and is gray black, and after lithiation, sieving the powder materials with a 80-mesh sieve to obtain the sieved composite anode.

Claims (7)

1. A preparation method of a 'wet method' + 'dry method' thermal battery composite anode is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: for FeS2The method comprises the following steps of:
step 1.1: adding iron disulfide: co-melting powder: 70-80% of lithium-silicon alloy powder: 10% -20%: weighing 2-10% of the raw materials in mass proportion, and uniformly stirring the raw materials after weighing;
step 1.2: : humidifying the uniformly stirred powder by using a humidifying device to obtain a FeS2 positive electrode material after humidifying;
step 2: for CoS2The anode material is processed by a dry method,the method comprises the following substeps:
step 2.1: mixing cobalt disulfide: co-melting powder: 70-80% of lithium oxide: 10% -20%: weighing 2-10% of the raw materials, and uniformly stirring the raw materials after weighing;
step 2.2: carrying out lithiation treatment on the uniformly stirred powder by using lithiation equipment, wherein the powder is black after lithiation is finished, and the end of lithiation treatment is indicated;
step 2.3: crushing the lithiated powder to obtain dry-processed CoS2A positive electrode material;
and step 3: the wet-processed FeS obtained in the step 12Positive electrode and dry processed CoS obtained in step 22The positive electrode is composed of 20% -80%: mixing 20-80%, vacuumizing, drying, taking out, crushing and sieving to obtain the composite anode.
2. The method for preparing the 'wet' + 'dry' thermal battery composite anode as claimed in claim 1, wherein the wetting treatment in the step 1.2 is: and (3) flattening the uniformly stirred powder into a thin layer, spraying moisture with the humidity of 95 +/-5% on the surface of the powder by using a humidifying device, and continuously rolling the powder for 1-2 hours.
3. The method for preparing the 'wet' + 'dry' thermal battery composite anode as claimed in claim 2, wherein after the humidification treatment, the FeS2Li (OH) is uniformly wrapped on the surface, so that a voltage tip at the initial discharge stage is eliminated, and the voltage precision and the discharge duration of the thermal battery are improved.
4. The method for preparing the wet method plus dry method thermal battery composite anode according to claim 2, wherein the thickness of the thin layer is 0.5 cm-1.5 cm.
5. The method for preparing the 'wet' + 'dry' thermal battery composite positive electrode as claimed in claim 1, wherein the lithiation treatment in the step 2.2 is: and flattening the uniformly stirred powder into a thin layer, setting the temperature of the high-temperature vacuum lithiation furnace to be 450 +/-50 ℃ and the vacuum degree to be less than or equal to 5kPa, loading the powder into a tray, placing the tray into the high-temperature vacuum lithiation furnace, and keeping the temperature and the vacuum degree for 4-5 hours.
6. The method for preparing the wet method plus dry method thermal battery composite anode according to claim 5, wherein the thickness of the thin layer is 0.5 cm-1.5 cm.
7. The method for preparing the 'wet' + 'dry' thermal battery composite anode as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step 3, the drying is performed at 175 ℃ ± 5 ℃ and the drying is performed for 4 ± 1 h.
CN202111237020.7A 2021-10-24 2021-10-24 Preparation method of wet-method + dry-method thermal battery composite positive electrode Pending CN113991050A (en)

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Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105140485A (en) * 2015-08-26 2015-12-09 上海空间电源研究所 Composite cathode material for thermal battery and preparation method of composite cathode material
CN111029567A (en) * 2019-05-16 2020-04-17 天津大学 Thermal battery anode material and preparation method thereof
CN111129446A (en) * 2019-05-16 2020-05-08 天津大学 Application of tungsten molybdenum sulfide in thermal battery
CN111129534A (en) * 2019-05-16 2020-05-08 天津大学 Thermal battery based on tungsten-molybdenum sulfide system

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105140485A (en) * 2015-08-26 2015-12-09 上海空间电源研究所 Composite cathode material for thermal battery and preparation method of composite cathode material
CN111029567A (en) * 2019-05-16 2020-04-17 天津大学 Thermal battery anode material and preparation method thereof
CN111129446A (en) * 2019-05-16 2020-05-08 天津大学 Application of tungsten molybdenum sulfide in thermal battery
CN111129534A (en) * 2019-05-16 2020-05-08 天津大学 Thermal battery based on tungsten-molybdenum sulfide system

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
耿嘉等: "FeS2 -CoS2 多相硫化物正极材料电化学性能研究", 《兵工学报》, vol. 41, no. 2, pages 374 - 380 *

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Application publication date: 20220128