CN113985278A - Motor mechanical characteristic steady state no-load test method - Google Patents

Motor mechanical characteristic steady state no-load test method Download PDF

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CN113985278A
CN113985278A CN202111254123.4A CN202111254123A CN113985278A CN 113985278 A CN113985278 A CN 113985278A CN 202111254123 A CN202111254123 A CN 202111254123A CN 113985278 A CN113985278 A CN 113985278A
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motor
load
torque
expression
steady
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丁立
丁旭红
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Changzhou Xuquan Precise Electric Co ltd
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/34—Testing dynamo-electric machines

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Abstract

The invention discloses a steady-state no-load test method for mechanical characteristics of a motor, which comprises the following steps: s1, energizing the motor with rated voltage U01When the motor runs to a steady state, the no-load current I of the motor is measured01And no-load speed n01(ii) a S2, electrifying the motor with voltage U02Measuring the no-load rotation speed n of the motor until the motor runs to a steady state02Wherein the voltage U02Less than rated voltage U01(ii) a S3, obtaining: current I, speed n and output power P of motor2An expression of the variation of the efficiency eta with the load torque T; s4, obtaining locked-rotor torque T of the motorDSelecting the load torque T to be 0-TDAnd (4) respectively substituting the values into the expression of S3 to obtain the mechanical characteristic curve of the motor. The method has the advantages of being suitable for testing of various motors, simple in testing mode, low in testing cost, better in accuracy and control and more accurate in obtained characteristic curve compared with an acceleration torque transient mechanical characteristic testing method.

Description

Motor mechanical characteristic steady state no-load test method
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of motor design and application, in particular to a steady-state no-load testing method for mechanical characteristics of a motor.
Background
The mechanical characteristics of the dc motor are used to represent the physical characteristics of the motor, and specifically, are represented by curves of the motor's rotation speed, current, efficiency, input power, and output power varying with the motor's torque. At present, the test of the mechanical characteristics of the direct current motor is mature, namely, a variable load is added at the shaft output end of the motor while the motor is operated, and the output torque of the motor and the corresponding current input by the motor under different torques are tested, so that the input power, the output power and the motor efficiency of the motor are solved, and a group of data of mechanical characteristic curves of the motor is formed.
The types and application scenes of the direct current motors are diversified, and for some motors, the conditions for measuring by externally adding loads are not provided, for example, a vibration motor with a small volume has a small output torque due to the small size, so that the mechanical characteristic curve of the motor is difficult to accurately measure by using a conventional torque disc and weight method. For another example, in many high-power motor tests, because the output power of the motor itself is large, the power of the regulated power supply of the corresponding motor must be large, so that stable direct current can be supplied during the test, but such a motor cannot be tested for a long time, because the current of the motor is large, the rotor of the motor is heated for a long time, and further the resistance of the rotor is changed, so that the measurement is inaccurate.
Aiming at the defects existing in the traditional method for measuring the mechanical characteristics of the motor, a transient mechanical characteristic testing method using the acceleration torque is also proposed, namely, the voltage applied to two ends of the motor is increased to a rated value from zero in a short time, so that the acceleration torque of the motor is very large, namely, a load is applied to the motor from the outside, and the transient torque is generated, namely the acceleration torque of the motor. However, the testing process is to perform transient acceleration on the motor, the testing accuracy of the testing process is related to the capturing accuracy of the transient capturing point, and the curve of the change of the rotating speed along with the torque before the motor runs to the steady state is a fluctuating curve, namely, the capturing accuracy of the transient capturing point of the motor is difficult to determine when the motor runs in a transient state, namely, the measuring accuracy of the method is difficult to guarantee.
Aiming at the defects, the invention provides a steady-state no-load test method for the mechanical characteristics of the motor, which is used for simply, accurately and efficiently testing the mechanical characteristics of the motor under the condition of not applying a load to the motor.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a steady-state no-load testing method for mechanical characteristics of a motor, so as to solve the problems in the background technology.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a steady state no-load test method for mechanical characteristics of a motor comprises the following steps:
s1, energizing the motor with rated voltage U01When the motor runs to a steady state, the no-load current I of the motor is measured01And no-load speed n01；
S2, electrifying the motor with voltage U02And when the motor runs to a steady state, measuring to obtain the no-load rotating speed n of the motor02Wherein the voltage U02Less than rated voltage U01；
S3, calculating to obtain:
an expression that the current I of the motor changes along with the load torque T;
an expression that the rotating speed n of the motor changes along with the load torque T;
input power P of the motor1An expression that varies with load torque T;
output power P of the motor2An expression that varies with load torque T;
an expression of the variation of the efficiency eta of the motor with the load torque T;
s4, calculating to obtain locked rotor torque T of the motorDSelecting the load torque T to be 0-TDThe values of (a) are substituted into the expressions of S3, respectively, to obtain a mechanical characteristic curve of the motor.
Preferably, the calculation method further includes calculating an induced electromotive force constant K of the motor before step S3ETorque constant KTAnd a resistance R.
Preferably, the induced electromotive force constant K of the motorEExpressed as:
Figure BDA0003323454770000021
the rated voltage U to be measured01No load speed n01Voltage U02No load speed n02The induced electromotive force constant K of the motor can be obtained by substituting formula (1)E。
Preferably, the torque constant K of the electric machineTExpressed as:
KT＝9.5493×KE (2)；
to be calculated electromotive force constant KEThe torque constant K of the motor can be obtained by substituting the formula (2)T。
Preferably, the ideal no-load speed n of the motor0' is represented as:
Figure BDA0003323454770000031
i.e. rated voltage U01Induced electromotive force constant KEThe ideal no-load rotating speed n of the motor can be obtained by substituting the formula (a)0'；
No-load torque T of the motor0Expressed as:
T0＝I01×KT (b)；
will carry current I01Torque constant KTThe no-load torque T of the motor can be obtained in the formula (b)0；
Electromagnetic locked-rotor torque T of motorD' is represented as:
Figure BDA0003323454770000032
will not carry the torque T0No load speed n01Ideal no-load speed n0The electromagnetic lock-up torque T of the motor can be obtained in the formula (c)D'；
The resistance R of the motor is expressed as:
Figure BDA0003323454770000033
rated voltage U01Torque constant KTElectromagnetic locked rotorTorque TDThe resistance R of the motor can be obtained by substituting the numerical value of' in the formula (3).
Preferably, the expression that the current I varies with the load torque T is:
Figure BDA0003323454770000034
wherein, due to no-load current I01Can be measured to obtain a torque constant KTThe current I and the load torque T are calculated and are both constants, the current I and the load torque T are substituted into an expression in formula (4) to obtain an expression of the change of the current I along with the load torque T, and then different load torques T are substituted into formula (4) to obtain a set of values of the current I.
Preferably, the expression for the variation of the rotation speed n with the load torque T is:
Figure BDA0003323454770000035
likewise, due to idling speed n01Measurable, induced electromotive force constant KETorque constant KTAnd the resistance R can be calculated, the four are constants, the constant is substituted into the formula (5) to obtain an expression of the change of the rotating speed n along with the load torque T, and then a plurality of load torques T within the locked-rotor torque are substituted into the formula (5) to obtain a group of numerical values of the rotating speed n.
Preferably, the input power P of the motor1Expressed as:
P1＝I×U01 (6)；
will equation (4) and constant rated voltage U01In formula (6), the input power P can be obtained1The expression of the variation with the load torque T is followed by substituting different load torques T into the formula (6) to obtain a set of input powers P1The numerical value of (c).
Preferably, the output power P2The expression for variation with load torque T is:
P2＝T×n/9.5493 (7)；
by substituting formula (5) for formula (7), output work can be obtainedRate P2The expression of the variation with the load torque T is changed, and then different load torques T are substituted into the formula (7), so that a group of output power P can be obtained2The numerical value of (c).
Preferably, the efficiency η of the electric machine is expressed as:
Figure BDA0003323454770000041
expressions in which the efficiency η varies with the load torque T can be obtained by substituting the expressions (6) and (7) into the expression (8), and then values of a set of efficiencies η can be obtained by substituting different load torques T into the expression (8).
Preferably, the locked-rotor torque TDExpressed as:
TD＝TD'-T0 (d)；
by substituting the values of the formulae (b) and (c) into the formula (d), the constant locked-rotor torque T can be obtainedD。
Preferably, the load torque T is set from 0 to TDIs subdivided into a plurality of values and is respectively substituted into current I, rotating speed n and input power P1Output power P2And the efficiency eta is changed along with the load torque T to obtain the current I, the rotating speed n and the input power P1Output power P2And the efficiency eta are respectively changed with the load torque T, and the mechanical characteristic curve of the motor can be obtained by the five groups of data.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: the invention discloses a steady-state no-load test method for mechanical characteristics of a motor, which is characterized in that when the mechanical characteristics of a direct current motor are measured, the output end of the motor is not required to be loaded, but the motor is electrically connected with an ammeter, a voltmeter and a rotating speed measuring instrument, and when the motor runs to a steady state in a no-load state, the rated voltage U of the motor is obtained01Time of day no-load current I01And no-load speed n01Similarly, in the motor no-load state, when the motor runs to the steady state, the motor at another voltage U is obtained02Time of day no load speed n2And the two sets of data are used to calculate the current I, the rotating speed n,Input power P1Output power P2And the expression that the efficiency eta is changed along with the load torque T respectively is used for changing the load torque T from 0 to TDAnd subdividing and substituting the five expressions to obtain four groups of data, and finally obtaining a mechanical characteristic curve of the motor. Therefore, compared with the traditional method, the steady-state no-load test method for the mechanical characteristics of the motor disclosed by the invention does not need dynamometer equipment of the motor, can simulate the whole process of testing the mechanical characteristic curve of the motor under load by using a simple instrument, is convenient to test and has extremely low test cost; the test method is particularly suitable for test scenes of full-load mechanical characteristics of micromotors, large-scale heavy current, large load and large output power which cannot be loaded and tested by a dynamometer, and is also suitable for scenes in which the performance of each motor needs to be controlled in mass flow line production; in addition, because the measuring and calculating method disclosed by the invention collects data when the motor runs to a steady state, compared with an acceleration torque transient mechanical characteristic testing method, the accuracy is better controlled, so that the obtained characteristic curve is more accurate, and the calculating mode is simpler and more efficient.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a measuring apparatus of mechanical characteristics of a motor in embodiment 1 of the present invention;
in the figure: 1. an ammeter; 2. a voltmeter; 3. a rotating speed measuring instrument; 4. a motor to be tested; 5. an output shaft of the motor; 6. and (5) reflecting paper labels.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example (b): in this embodiment, a direct current motor 4 to be measured is selected, two sets of data are acquired by using a measuring device, that is, as shown in fig. 1, an ammeter 1 is electrically connected with the motor 4 to be measured, a voltmeter 2 is electrically connected with the motor 4 to be measured, a contact of a rotating speed measuring instrument 3 is arranged at a motor output shaft 5, a reflective paper label 6 is arranged on the motor output shaft 5, and when the motor output shaft 5 rotates, the reflective paper label 6 facilitates the rotating speed measuring instrument 3 to accurately acquire the rotating speed of the motor 4 to be measured;
in a first step S1, the motor is energized with a nominal voltage U01When the motor runs to a steady state, the no-load current I of the motor is measured01And no-load speed n01I.e. when the motor is at no-load speed n01When the change of the data tends to be stable, acquiring the data of the group;
in a second step S2, the motor is energized with a voltage U02Voltage U02Is lower than rated voltage U01Until the motor runs to a steady state, the no-load rotating speed n of the motor is measured02Acquiring another group of data;
two sets of data are obtained as shown in table 1:
TABLE 1
Rated voltage U01 No load current I01 No load current I01
24V 1A 3000r/min
Voltage U02 - No load speed n02
12V - 1450r/min
Third step S3:
calculating the induced electromotive force constant K of the motor 4 to be measuredEI.e. rated voltage U in Table 101No load speed n01Voltage U02No load speed n02Substituted into formula (1):
Figure BDA0003323454770000061
obtaining the induced electromotive force constant K of the motor 4 to be measuredE＝0.007741935r/min；
Then, the torque constant K of the motor 4 to be measured is calculatedTI.e. to induce an electromotive force constant KE0.007741935r/min substituted formula (2):
KT＝9.5493×KE (2)；
obtaining the torque constant K of the motor 4 to be measuredT＝0.073930065N.m/A；
Then, the ideal no-load rotation speed n of the motor 4 to be measured is calculated0', will rated voltage U01＝24V、KE0.007741935r/min substituted formula (a):
Figure BDA0003323454770000062
obtaining the ideal no-load rotating speed n of the motor 4 to be measured0'＝3100r/min；
Then, the no-load torque T of the motor 4 to be measured is calculated0I.e. no-load current I01＝1A、KT0.073930065n.m/a substituted formula (b):
T0＝I01×KT (b)；
obtaining the no-load torque T of the motor 4 to be tested0＝0.073930065N.m/A；
Then calculating the electromagnetic locked-rotor torque T of the motor 4 to be measuredD', i.e. T0＝0.073930065N.m/A、n01＝3000r/min、n0' 3100r/min formula (c):
Figure BDA0003323454770000071
obtaining the electromagnetic locked-rotor torque T of the motor 4 to be testedD'＝2.291832N.m/A；
Next, the resistance R, i.e. U, of the motor 4 to be measured is calculated01＝24V、KT＝0.073930065N.m/A、TD' -2.291832 n.m/a is substituted for formula (3):
Figure BDA0003323454770000072
obtaining the resistance R of the motor 4 to be measured as 0.774193548 omega;
then, the locked-rotor torque T of the motor 4 to be measured is calculatedDI.e. TD'＝2.291832N.m/A、T00.073930065n.m/a substituted with formula (d):
TD＝TD'-T0 (d)；
obtaining the locked-rotor torque T of the motor 4 to be measuredD＝2.217901935N.m/A；
Fourth step S4:
after obtaining the constant data, the load torques T are set to 0 to TDAnd (3) the 30 bisector values of (a) are respectively substituted into the formulae (4), (5), (6), (7) and (8):
the expression for the variation of the current I with the load torque T is:
Figure BDA0003323454770000073
wherein I01＝1A，KT＝0.073930065N.m/A；
The expression for the variation of the speed n with the load torque T is:
Figure BDA0003323454770000074
wherein n is01＝3000r/min、R＝0.774193548Ω、KT＝0.073930065N.m/A、KE＝0.007741935r/min；
Input power P of the motor1Expressed as:
P1＝I×U01 (6)；
wherein the current I is obtained from formula (1), U01＝24V；
Output power P2The expression for variation with load torque T is:
P2＝T×n/9.5493 (7)；
wherein the rotation speed n is obtained by formula (5);
the efficiency η of the machine is expressed as:
Figure BDA0003323454770000081
wherein the input power P1Output power P2Respectively obtained by a formula (6) and a formula (7);
the data of table 2 were obtained:
TABLE 2
Figure BDA0003323454770000082
Figure BDA0003323454770000091
The mechanical characteristics of the dc motor can be directly obtained from table 2.
It can be clearly seen from the embodiment that the steady-state no-load test method for the mechanical characteristics of the motor disclosed by the invention can be used for simply, conveniently and accurately measuring the mechanical characteristic curve of the motor, and the measurement equipment is simple and easy to obtain, is easy to popularize and has practicability.
It is noted that, herein, relational terms such as first and second, and the like may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
Finally, it should be noted that: although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that changes may be made in the embodiments and/or equivalents thereof without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A steady-state no-load test method for mechanical characteristics of a motor is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, energizing the motor with rated voltage U01When the motor runs to a steady state, the no-load current I of the motor is measured01And no-load speed n01；
S2, electrifying the motor with voltage U02And when the motor runs to a steady state, measuring to obtain the no-load rotating speed n of the motor02Wherein the voltage U02Less than rated voltage U01；
S3, calculating to obtain:
an expression that the current I of the motor changes along with the load torque T;
an expression that the rotating speed n of the motor changes along with the load torque T;
input power P of the motor1An expression that varies with load torque T;
output power P of the motor2An expression that varies with load torque T;
an expression of the variation of the efficiency eta of the motor with the load torque T;
s4, calculating to obtain locked rotor torque T of the motorDSelecting the load torque T to be 0-TDThe values of (a) are respectively substituted into the expression of step S3 to obtain the mechanical characteristic curve of the motor.
2. The steady-state no-load test method for mechanical characteristics of the motor as claimed in claim 1, further comprising calculating an induced electromotive force constant K of the motor before the step S3ETorque constant KTAnd a resistance R.
3. The steady-state no-load test method for the mechanical characteristics of the motor according to claim 2, characterized in that:
induced electromotive force constant K of the motorEExpressed as:
Figure FDA0003323454760000011
4. the steady-state no-load test method for the mechanical characteristics of the motor according to claim 3, characterized in that:
torque constant K of the motorTExpressed as:
KT＝9.5493×KE (2)。
5. the steady-state no-load test method for the mechanical characteristics of the motor according to claim 4, characterized in that:
the resistance R of the motor is expressed as:
Figure FDA0003323454760000021
wherein T isD' is the electromagnetic stall torque of the motor.
6. The steady-state no-load test method for the mechanical characteristics of the motor as claimed in claim 5, wherein the expression that the current I varies with the load torque T is as follows:
Figure FDA0003323454760000022
7. the steady-state no-load test method for the mechanical characteristics of the motor as claimed in claim 6, wherein the expression of the variation of the rotating speed n with the load torque T is as follows:
Figure FDA0003323454760000023
8. the steady-state no-load test method for mechanical characteristics of the motor according to claim 7, wherein the input power P is1The expression for variation with load torque T is:
P1＝I×U01 (6)。
9. the steady-state no-load test method for mechanical characteristics of the motor according to claim 8, wherein the output power P is2The expression for variation with load torque T is:
P2＝T×n/9.5493 (7)。
10. the steady-state no-load test method for mechanical characteristics of the motor as claimed in claim 9, wherein the expression of the variation of the efficiency η with the load torque T is as follows:
Figure FDA0003323454760000024
CN202111254123.4A 2021-10-27 2021-10-27 Motor mechanical characteristic steady state no-load test method Pending CN113985278A (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114888846A (en) * 2022-04-21 2022-08-12 北京工业大学 Method for testing optimal working area of small joint complete machine of service robot

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114888846A (en) * 2022-04-21 2022-08-12 北京工业大学 Method for testing optimal working area of small joint complete machine of service robot
CN114888846B (en) * 2022-04-21 2023-07-28 北京工业大学 Test method for optimal working area of small-sized joint complete machine of service robot

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