CN113984657A - Portable apple brix meter based on spectrum technology and apple brix measuring method - Google Patents
Portable apple brix meter based on spectrum technology and apple brix measuring method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113984657A CN113984657A CN202111132167.XA CN202111132167A CN113984657A CN 113984657 A CN113984657 A CN 113984657A CN 202111132167 A CN202111132167 A CN 202111132167A CN 113984657 A CN113984657 A CN 113984657A
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- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000002329 infrared spectrum Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010606 normalization Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012306 spectroscopic technique Methods 0.000 claims 5
- 241000220225 Malus Species 0.000 abstract description 78
- 235000021016 apples Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000009659 non-destructive testing Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 11
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 244000144730 Amygdalus persica Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000012935 Averaging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000006040 Prunus persica var persica Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000220324 Pyrus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000219094 Vitaceae Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000078 germane Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000021021 grapes Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000008676 import Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000031700 light absorption Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000021017 pears Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 1
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/01—Arrangements or apparatus for facilitating the optical investigation
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
- G01N21/31—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry
- G01N21/35—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light
- G01N21/359—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light using near infrared light
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Abstract
The invention discloses a portable apple brix meter based on a spectrum technology and an apple brix measuring method. Natural light (sunlight) is used as a light source, the light source can irradiate the apple, reflected light is generated by the apple, and the reflected light is filtered by the medium film narrow-band filter and then input into the light receiver. And then the optical signal is converted into an electric signal through a photoelectric converter, a filter and a rectifier, then the electric signal is filtered and amplified, and the electric signal is sent to a microcontroller for data processing to obtain an apple sugar degree value which is displayed on a sugar degree display. The influence of temperature on the detection of the sugar degree of the apples can be reduced by the temperature compensator. The nondestructive testing system designed by the invention has the advantages of accurate result, simple and easily realized circuit, and small and portable whole equipment.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a brix measuring instrument, in particular to a portable apple brix measuring instrument based on a spectrum technology and an apple brix measuring method.
Background
By 2021, the planting area of the apples exceeds 3000 ten thousand mu in China, and the yield reaches 4100 ten thousand tons. Is the country with the highest apple yield in the world at present. And with the addition of WTO in China, the market of agricultural products is further opened, the import and export amount of fruits is gradually increased, the fruit sale in China is more seriously challenged, the export of fruits is more a big problem, the impact of foreign fruits after the fruits come into the world is faced, the fruit detection technology needs to be improved urgently, the quality of the fruits is improved, the competitiveness of the fruit industry is enhanced, and the research on the detection and sorting technology of the internal quality of the fruits has very important practical significance.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: aiming at the problems, the invention provides a portable apple brix meter based on a spectrum technology and a brix measuring method, which improve the accuracy of the measuring result of the apple brix meter and enable the brix meter to be smaller and more portable.
The technical scheme is as follows: the technical scheme adopted by the invention is a portable apple brix meter based on a spectrum technology, which comprises an apple sample placing table, and a light receiver, a photoelectric converter, a filter, a rectifier, a microcontroller and a brix display which are electrically connected in sequence; the apple placing table is used for placing an apple sample, the optical receiver is arranged above the side of the apple sample, a dielectric film narrowband optical filter is arranged at the optical input end of the optical receiver, the optical receiver absorbs an optical signal of reflected light filtered by the dielectric film narrowband optical filter, the optical signal is converted into an electric signal through the photoelectric converter, the filter and the rectifier, then the electric signal is filtered, amplified and sent to the microcontroller, and the microcontroller performs data processing to obtain an apple sugar value which is displayed on a sugar degree display; the microcontroller performs data processing to obtain an apple sugar degree value, and the apple sugar degree value is calculated according to the near-infrared reflected light relative light intensity spectrum data of the apple sample and through a mathematical prediction model of the apple sugar degree. The center wavelength of the dielectric film narrowband optical filter is 980nm, the bandwidth is 5-20 nm, and the optical filter angle is changed on the electric control angle regulator to obtain the spectrums with different wavelengths.
The mathematical prediction model of the apple brix is modeled by a partial least square method, sample data of the partial least square method comprises an apple near-infrared reflected light relative light intensity spectrum and an actual test brix of an apple corresponding to the spectrum, and a regression equation between the predicted brix of the apple and the optimal characteristic wavelength is obtained after modeling by the partial least square method. The mathematical prediction model of the brix is stored on the microcontroller.
The portable apple brix meter further comprises a temperature compensation device for measuring the temperature and sending the temperature to the microcontroller, and the microcontroller corrects the apple brix according to the influence of the temperature on the measurement of the apple brix. The portable apple brix meter also comprises an external interrupt button, and the measurement can be directly interrupted and the measurement result can be cleared through the external interrupt button electrically connected with the microcontroller.
The invention also provides an apple brix detection method applied to the portable apple brix meter based on the spectrum technology, which comprises the following steps:
(1) obtaining the near infrared spectrum of a series of apple samples with known sugar degree through a spectrum experiment, and obtaining the near infrared reflection relative light intensity spectrum through normalization calculation;
(2) a mathematical prediction model of the sugar degree of the apple is established by adopting a partial least square method; the method for establishing the mathematical prediction model of the apple brix by adopting the partial least square method comprises the following steps: and (3) taking the relative light intensity spectrum of the near infrared reflected light of the apple and the corresponding actual test sugar degree as sample data of a partial least square method, and modeling by the partial least square method to obtain a regression equation between the predicted sugar degree of the apple and the optimal characteristic wavelength.
(3) And (3) writing the model obtained in the step (2) into a microcontroller, testing the apple sample to be tested by using a portable apple brix meter, and calculating by the microcontroller through a mathematical prediction model of the apple brix to obtain the brix value of the apple sample to be tested.
Has the advantages that: compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages: the invention uses a natural light source to irradiate apples, reflected light is generated by apple samples, the reflected light is filtered by a medium film narrow-band filter, and filtered light signals are absorbed by a subsequent light receiver and then processed by a photoelectric converter. On the aspect of sugar degree analysis, a partial least square method is adopted for modeling, the optimal characteristic wavelength with the maximum correlation coefficient is determined according to the correlation coefficient of the relative light intensity of the spectrum wave band and the apple sugar degree, and the accuracy of sugar degree detection is improved. The nondestructive testing system designed by the invention has the advantages of simple and easily realized circuit, small and exquisite whole body and easy carrying.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a block diagram of a portable apple brix apparatus based on spectroscopic technology according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an apple brix spectrum collected by the portable apple brix meter of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the present invention are further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. It should be understood that these descriptions are only exemplary. Moreover, in the following description, descriptions of well-known structures and techniques are omitted so as to not unnecessarily obscure the concepts of the present invention. It is also noted herein that in order to avoid obscuring the invention with unnecessary detail, only the structures or process steps that are germane to the improvements according to the present invention are shown in the drawings.
The portable apple brix apparatus based on the spectrum technology is shown in a block diagram in figure 1. The device comprises an apple sample placing table, a dielectric film narrowband filter, and a light receiver, a photoelectric converter, a filter, a rectifier, a microcontroller and a brix display which are electrically connected in sequence. Wherein the apple placing table is used for placing apple samples. The light receiver is arranged above the side of the apple sample, the front side of the light input end of the light receiver is provided with a dielectric film narrowband filter, the dielectric film narrowband filter allows light with specific wavelength to pass through, the central wavelength is 980nm, and the bandwidth is 10 nm. The dielectric film narrowband filter is arranged on the electric control angle regulator, and different spectrums are obtained by changing the angle of the filter. The optical receiver absorbs optical signals of reflected light filtered by the dielectric film narrowband filter, the reflected light comprises diffuse reflected light and various types of reflected light such as secondary emitted light reflected by the interior of the apple, the photoelectric converter converts the optical signals of various types of reflected light into electric signals, the electric signals are input into the microcontroller after being filtered and amplified by the filter and the rectifier, and test results are obtained after the electric signals are processed by the microcontroller. The brix display is connected with the microcontroller and used for displaying the test result.
During testing, the apple sample is irradiated by a natural light source, reflection, absorption and transmission occur on the surface layer of the apple sample, and reflected light is filtered by the medium film narrow-band filter and then input into the light receiver. Then, a voltage value reflecting the intensity of the reflected light is obtained through a light receiver, a photoelectric converter, a filter and a rectifier, and then the apple brix is displayed on a brix display through data processing of a microcontroller.
Through increasing temperature compensation arrangement, can measure the temperature and introduce the microcontroller into with the influence that the apple brix was measured according to the temperature and rectify to can reduce the influence that the temperature detected to the apple brix. The measurement can be directly interrupted and the measurement result can be cleared through an external interrupt button electrically connected with the microcontroller.
Based on the portable apple brix meter, the invention provides the following apple brix detection method, which comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the steps of firstly, obtaining the near infrared spectrum of a series of apple samples with known sugar degrees through a spectrum experiment, and obtaining the relative light intensity spectrum of near infrared reflected light through normalization calculation. Whole apple samples were used in this step, and sliced apple samples were also used.
Step two, modeling the spectrum: the apple has certain spectral characteristics, and when a beam of natural light irradiates the apple, the phenomena of diffuse reflection, absorption, transmission and secondary emergence after internal reflection of the apple mainly occur, as shown in fig. 2. A near infrared spectrum model for apple detection is established through a multivariate dimension reduction algorithm (PLS), so that surface diffuse reflection light is not in the range of the spectrum model for detection, and the influence of the diffuse reflection light on the apple is eliminated algorithmically. Neglecting very little transmitted light, the energy of the secondary emergent light will be different following the difference of the light absorption degree in the apple. The apple sugar can generate characteristic absorption to near-infrared radiation, and can also generate characteristic secondary emergent light spectrum due to different absorption amount, and the corresponding relation exists between the secondary emergent light intensity of a specific wave band and the concentration of the sugar. And finally, establishing a mathematical prediction model related to the secondary emergent light intensity and the apple brix of the specific wave band by using a partial least square method. The input sample of the partial least square method is the relative light intensity spectrum of near-infrared reflected light of the apple, the output data is the actual sugar degree of the apple, and a regression equation between the predicted sugar degree of the apple and the optimal characteristic wavelength is obtained after modeling by the partial least square method.
And step three, testing the to-be-tested apple sample by using the apple brix meter, averaging the measurement results by using the measurement results as the reflected light spectrum of the sample, and performing pretreatment. And (4) calculating the sugar degree corresponding to the optimal characteristic wavelength by the microcontroller through the model obtained in the step two according to the near-infrared reflection relative light intensity spectrum of the sample obtained by processing.
After the step is finished, the final sugar degree result can be corrected through temperature compensation, and the testing precision is improved.
The portable apple brix meter based on the spectrum technology has accurate and reliable measuring results, can also be suitable for measuring the brix of other fruits, such as peaches, grapes, pears and the like, is convenient and accurate to evaluate the sweetness quality of the fruits, and has great popularization and application values.
Claims (8)
1. The utility model provides a portable apple brix appearance based on spectrum technique which characterized in that: comprises an apple sample placing table, and a light receiver, a photoelectric converter, a filter, a rectifier, a microcontroller and a brix display which are electrically connected in sequence; the apple placing table is used for placing an apple sample, the optical receiver is arranged above the side of the apple sample, a dielectric film narrowband optical filter is arranged at the optical input end of the optical receiver, the optical receiver absorbs an optical signal of reflected light filtered by the dielectric film narrowband optical filter, the optical signal is converted into an electric signal through the photoelectric converter, the filter and the rectifier, then the electric signal is filtered, amplified and sent to the microcontroller, and the microcontroller performs data processing to obtain an apple sugar value which is displayed on a sugar degree display; the microcontroller performs data processing to obtain an apple sugar degree value, and the apple sugar degree value is calculated according to the near-infrared reflected light relative light intensity spectrum data of the apple sample and through a mathematical prediction model of the apple sugar degree.
2. The portable apple brix meter based on spectroscopic techniques of claim 1, wherein: the mathematical prediction model of the apple brix is modeled by a partial least square method, sample data of the partial least square method comprises an apple near-infrared reflected light relative light intensity spectrum and an actual test brix of an apple corresponding to the spectrum, and a regression equation between the predicted brix of the apple and the optimal characteristic wavelength is obtained after modeling by the partial least square method.
3. The portable apple brix meter based on spectroscopic techniques of claim 2, wherein: the mathematical prediction model of the brix is stored on the microcontroller.
4. The portable apple brix meter based on spectroscopic techniques of claim 1, wherein: the portable apple brix meter further comprises a temperature compensation device for measuring the temperature and sending the temperature to the microcontroller, and the microcontroller corrects the apple brix according to the influence of the temperature on the measurement of the apple brix.
5. The portable apple brix meter based on spectroscopic techniques of claim 1, wherein: the portable apple brix meter also comprises an external interrupt button, and the measurement can be directly interrupted and the measurement result can be cleared through the external interrupt button electrically connected with the microcontroller.
6. The portable apple brix meter based on spectroscopic techniques of claim 1, wherein: the center wavelength of the dielectric film narrowband optical filter is 980nm, the bandwidth is 5-20 nm, and the optical filter angle is changed on the electric control angle regulator to obtain the spectrums with different wavelengths.
7. The apple brix detection method applied to the portable apple brix meter based on the spectrum technology as claimed in claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) obtaining the near infrared spectrum of a series of apple samples with known sugar degree through a spectrum experiment, and obtaining the near infrared reflection relative light intensity spectrum through normalization calculation;
(2) a mathematical prediction model of the sugar degree of the apple is established by adopting a partial least square method;
(3) and (3) writing the model obtained in the step (2) into a microcontroller, testing the apple sample to be tested by using a portable apple brix meter, and calculating by the microcontroller through a mathematical prediction model of the apple brix to obtain the brix value of the apple sample to be tested.
8. The apple brix detection method of claim 7, wherein: the method for establishing the mathematical prediction model of the apple brix by adopting the partial least square method comprises the following steps: and (3) taking the relative light intensity spectrum of the near infrared reflected light of the apple and the corresponding actual test sugar degree as sample data of a partial least square method, and modeling by the partial least square method to obtain a regression equation between the predicted sugar degree of the apple and the optimal characteristic wavelength.
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| CN202111132167.XA CN113984657A (en) | 2021-09-26 | 2021-09-26 | Portable apple brix meter based on spectrum technology and apple brix measuring method |
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- 2021-09-26 CN CN202111132167.XA patent/CN113984657A/en active Pending
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Application publication date: 20220128 |