CN113983870A - 一种用于防弹车门衬层的新型轻质装甲结构 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供一种用于防弹车门衬层的新型轻质装甲结构，属于装甲防护技术领域。所述新型轻质装甲结构沿弹击方向依次由约束层、陶瓷层、支撑增强层和吸能层四部分组成，所述约束层由碳化硅涂覆芳纶织物制备而成；所述支撑增强层由碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料制备而成；所述轻质装甲结构在面密度为29.9kg/m2时，达到北约4569防护标准的一级防护水平。同时，该复合装甲结构制备工艺简单、成本较低、稳定可靠、可批量生产。
Description
技术领域
本发明专利涉及一种防弹结构，具体设计一种用于防弹车门衬层的新型轻质装甲结构，用于防护技术领域。
背景技术
现有的轻型装甲车大多采用防弹钢板作为其防弹车门衬层，很大程度上增加了整车质量、降低了车辆机动性，难以满足“轻质高效”的装甲防护要求。因此，轻量化、经济性、高防护性能的轻型装甲车防弹车门衬层的结构设计成为了当下迫切需求。
陶瓷复合装甲是目前主流应用的轻质装甲结构，一般由防弹陶瓷与防弹金属或芳纶纤维、碳纤维、超高分子量聚乙烯等防弹纤维组成。碳化硅防弹陶瓷是目前应用广泛的防弹陶瓷，具有较好的抗弹性能和较低的***格，相同重量下较碳化硼防弹陶瓷价格低70％～80％，更适宜大批量工业化应用。芳纶纤维是目前大规模生产的高性能防弹纤维之一，其中采用单项复合工艺制成的芳纶无纬布较织机编织而成的芳纶机织布虽在抗弹性能上存在差距，但其在价格上具有一定优势，且可以通过选择、优化内部胶粘剂的配方来改善提高芳纶无纬布的抗弹性能。
为此，本发明专利研究设计出一种用于防弹车门衬层的新型轻质装甲结构，应用碳化硅防弹陶瓷及芳纶纤维，在兼顾轻质、经济和高防护性能的要求下达到北约4569防护标准的一级防护水平。
发明内容
本发明专利要解决的技术问题为：设计一种用于防弹车门衬层的新型轻质装甲结构，已解决现有技术中的面对北约4569防护标准中提到的5.56×45mm北约标准弹(M193)、5.56×45mm北约标准弹(SS109)、7.62×51mm北约标准弹(M80)威胁的防弹车门衬层装甲结构不能够兼顾低重量和高防弹性能的技术缺陷，同时控制轻质装甲的成本以适宜大规模生产。
为了解决上述技术问题，本发明专利提供一种用于防弹车门衬层的新型轻质装甲结构，其结构沿弹击方向依次包括最表层的约束层(1)、陶瓷层(2)、支撑增强层(3)和吸能层(4)，各结构层之间通过胶粘剂粘合复合在一起，优化各层单元材料的厚度匹配，在有限重量下使得装甲结构达到北约4569防护标准的一级防护水平。
所述约束层(1)选用碳化硅涂覆芳纶织物，厚度为0.5mm～1mm；
所述陶瓷层(2)选用无压烧结制备的静态三点弯曲强度≥320MPa，静态硬度HRA≥85的碳化硅陶瓷或者碳化硅复相陶瓷，厚度为3mm～8mm；
所述支撑增强层(3)选用拉伸强度大于300Mpa碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料，厚度为1mm～2mm；
所述吸能层(4)选用高性能的芳纶无纬布增强树脂基复合材料，厚度为10-15mm；
所述胶粘剂选用SEBS聚氨酯胶粘剂，上胶厚度控制在1mm以内。
进一步的，所述约束层(1)中芳纶织物选用拉伸强度大于300Mpa的芳纶机织布增强树脂基复合材料；
进一步的，所述约束层(1)中碳化硅涂层厚度控制在30μm～100μm；
进一步的，所述陶瓷层(2)选用横向尺寸为50mm×50mm的正方形陶瓷块拼接而成；
进一步的，所述吸能层(4)所用的芳纶无纬布增强树脂基复合材料由多层芳纶无纬布经热压成型制备而成；
进一步的，所述吸能层(4)中芳纶无纬布由芳纶纤维经展丝、上胶、干燥制备而成。
本发明专利所述新型轻质装甲结构在较低重量下可实现有效防护的原因在于：碳化硅涂覆芳纶织物约束层可以起到钝化弹体、延缓弹体应力波对陶瓷的冲击、约束陶瓷碎片飞溅的作用；碳化硅陶瓷层采用抗弹性能较好、成本较低的无压烧结制备的碳化硅或其复相陶瓷，在实现轻质和防弹的前提下，进一步降低成本，陶瓷层选用小尺寸拼接陶瓷有利于装甲结构抗多发弹性能及防弹车门衬层异形位置的复合成型；芳纶无纬布增强树脂基复合材料吸能层具有高强度、高模量、抗冲击性好等特点，对陶瓷层起到一定的支撑和纵向约束作用，且自身可吸收弹体的残余动能及陶瓷碎片能量；碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料较芳纶无纬布强度和模量较高，其作为支撑增强层能提高对陶瓷的支撑和纵向约束作用，进而提高陶瓷的抗弹性能和整体结构的防护能力。
本发明还提供一种上述所述用于防弹车门衬层的新型轻质装甲结构的复合工艺，包括以下步骤：
步骤1：本轻质装甲结构在复合前，所用碳化硅陶瓷均需在700℃～900℃，至少保温5小时进行氧化处理，并使用无水酒精擦拭将氧化后的陶瓷表面清理干净。
步骤2：本轻质装甲结构在复合前，碳化硅涂覆芳纶织物以及芳纶无纬布增强树脂基复合材料均需保持干净，若有污染应当使用去离子水将其表面清理干净。
步骤3：本轻质装甲结构在复合前，各层各粘接面需保持干燥无污染。
步骤4：本轻质装甲结构在复合时，按照吸能层-SEBS聚氨酯胶粘剂-支撑增强层-SEBS聚氨酯胶粘剂-陶瓷层-SEBS聚氨酯胶粘剂-约束层的顺序在室温下复合成型。
步骤5：本轻质装甲结构在复合后，需充分静置6小时以上。
进一步的，所述步骤1中碳化硅陶瓷需在箱式炉中整齐排列，每块陶瓷中间至少保留5cm间隙，保温温度控制在700℃～900℃，升温速率控制在5℃/min～8℃/min，至少保温5小时，待陶瓷完全冷却至室温后，使用无水酒精擦拭将表面清理干净，并放置干燥干净环境中。
进一步的，所述步骤2中碳化硅涂覆芳纶织物以及芳纶无纬布增强树脂基复合材料按照预定尺寸使用电剪刀进行裁剪，裁剪后使用去离子水将其表面擦拭干净。
进一步的，所述步骤3中轻质装甲各结构层在复合前，均应置于干净干燥的环境中，复合前各粘接面需保持干燥无污染。
进一步的，所述步骤4中轻质装甲各结构层按照吸能层-SEBS聚氨酯胶粘剂-支撑增强层-SEBS聚氨酯胶粘剂-陶瓷层-SEBS聚氨酯胶粘剂-约束层的顺序依次层叠，各结构层垂直对齐，在室温下复合成型。
进一步的，所述步骤5中复合后的轻质装甲结构，需在干净干燥的环境中充分静置6小时以上。
本发明的实施，至少包括以下优势：
1.本发明专利所述轻质装甲结构在保证有效防护的前提下，在同等防弹水平的防护结构中重量较轻、成本较低，可以应用于一种防弹车门衬层的轻质装甲结构。本发明专利使得所设计装甲结构在面密度为29.9kg/m2，横向尺寸为305mm×305mm的测试样品可以抵抗5.56×45mm北约标准弹(M193)、5.56×45mm北约标准弹(SS109)和7.62×51mm北约标准弹(M80)在30m射击距离、0°入射角下分别以980m/s、942m/s和851m/s依次侵彻，能够实现装甲有效防护，达到北约4569防护标准的一级防护水平。同时，该复合装甲结构制备工艺简单、成本较低、稳定可靠、可批量生产。
2.本发明专利所述的轻质装甲结构是通过合适的材料选择及合理的厚度匹配，经可靠的数值模拟技术最终得到该防护装甲结构，非简单的厚度增减得到的，其具有明显的重量优越性和经济优越性，在同种防弹材料或同级的成本标准下，现有装甲难以达到本发明专利所述的轻质装甲结构水平。
3.本发明专利所述轻质装甲结构主要采用无压烧结碳化硅陶瓷及芳纶无纬布增强树脂基复合材料，原材料较其他装甲材料成本低廉，且该轻质装甲结构在室温下即可复合制备，制备流程简单经济，所制备的轻质装甲具有较大的价格优势，适宜大批量生产。
附图说明
图1为本发明专利的轻型复合装甲结构的示意图。
具体实施方式
使本发明实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有付出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1
本实施例所述轻质装甲结构由约束层(1)、陶瓷层(2)、支撑增强层(3)和吸能层(4)组成。如图1所示；
约束层(1)采用厚度为0.5mm的碳化硅涂覆芳纶织物；
陶瓷层(2)选用尺寸为50mm×50mm×4mm，静态三点弯曲强度为370MPa，静态硬度为92HRA的无压烧结碳化硅陶瓷块拼接成型；
支撑增强层(3)选用厚度为1mm的碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料；
吸能层(4)采用厚度为12mm的高性能芳纶无纬布增强树脂基复合材料。
测试依据《北约4569防护标准》进行，装甲结构的面密度为29.9kg/m2，分别采用5.56×45mm北约标准弹(M193)、5.56×45mm北约标准弹(SS109)和7.62×51mm北约标准弹(M80)在30m射击距离、0o入射角下以980m/s、942m/s和851m/s速度下依次对所述的轻质装甲结构进行冲击试验，侵彻后装甲未被穿透，背面弹痕高度分别为14.9mm、12.1mm和30.3mm，装甲结构实现有效防护。
对照例1
本对照例所述轻质装甲结构由约束层(1)、陶瓷层(2)、支撑增强层(3)和吸能层(4)组成；
约束层(1)采用0.5mm厚的碳化硅涂覆芳纶织物；
陶瓷层(2)选用尺寸为50mm×50mm×4mm，静态三点弯曲强度为370MPa，静态硬度为92HRA的无压烧结碳化硅陶瓷块拼接成型；
支撑增强层(3)选用厚度为1mm的碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料
吸能层(4)采用厚度为10mm的芳纶无纬布增强树脂基复合材料。
测试依据《北约4569防护标准》进行，装甲结构的面密度为26.5kg/m2，分别采用5.56×45mm北约标准弹(M193)、5.56×45mm北约标准弹(SS109)和7.62×51mm北约标准弹(M80)在30m射击距离、0°入射角下以973m/s、949m/s和847m/s速度下依次对所述的轻质装甲结构进行冲击试验，5.56×45mm北约标准弹(M193)、5.56×45mm北约标准弹(SS109)侵彻后装甲未被穿透，背面弹痕高度分别为11.7mm和11.5mm，7.62×51mm北约标准弹(M80)侵彻后装甲穿透，装甲结构未实现有效防护。
对照例2
本对照例所述轻质装甲结构由约束层(1)、陶瓷层(2)和吸能层(4)组成；
约束层(1)采用0.5mm厚的芳纶机织布织物；
陶瓷层(2)选用尺寸为50mm×50mm×4mm，静态三点弯曲强度为370MPa，静态硬度为92HRA的无压烧结碳化硅陶瓷块拼接成型；
吸能层(4)采用厚度为12mm的芳纶无纬布增强树脂基复合材料。
测试依据《北约4569防护标准》进行，装甲结构的面密度为28.5kg/m2，分别采用5.56×45mm北约标准弹(M193)、5.56×45mm北约标准弹(SS109)和7.62×51mm北约标准弹(M80)在30m射击距离、0°入射角下以976m/s、945m/s和840m/s速度下依次对所述的轻质装甲结构进行冲击试验，5.56×45mm北约标准弹(M193)、5.56×45mm北约标准弹(SS109)侵彻后装甲未被穿透，背面弹痕高度分别为12.6mm和13.4mm，7.62×51mm北约标准弹(M80)侵彻后装甲穿透，装甲结构未实现有效防护。
最后应说明的是：以上各实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案，而非对其限制；尽管参照前述各实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分或者全部技术特征进行等同替换；而这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明各实施例技术方案的范围。
Claims (5)
1.一种用于防弹车门衬层的新型轻质装甲结构，其特征在于：所述轻质装甲结构主要包括：约束层(1)，陶瓷层(2)，支撑增强层(3)，吸能层(4)。
约束层(1)的厚度为0.5mm～1mm，选用碳化硅涂覆芳纶织物；
陶瓷层(2)的厚度为3mm～8mm，选用无压烧结制备的静态三点弯曲强度≥320MPa，静态硬度HRA≥85的碳化硅陶瓷或者碳化硅复相陶瓷；
支撑增强层(3)的厚度为1mm～2mm，选用拉伸强度大于300Mpa碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料；
吸能层(4)的厚度10-15mm，选用高性能的芳纶无纬布增强树脂基复合材料；
各结构层间胶粘剂选用SEBS聚氨酯胶粘剂，上胶厚度控制在1mm以内。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种用于防弹车门衬层的新型轻质装甲结构，其特征在于：约束层(1)中芳纶织物选用拉伸强度大于300Mpa的芳纶机织布增强树脂基复合材料。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种用于防弹车门衬层的新型轻质装甲结构，其特征在于：约束层(1)中碳化硅涂层厚度控制在30μm～100μm。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种用于防弹车门衬层的新型轻质装甲结构，其特征在于：碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料作为支撑增强层提高了对陶瓷的支撑和纵向约束作用，进而提高了陶瓷的抗弹性能和整体结构的防护能力。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种用于防弹车门衬层的新型轻质装甲结构，其特征在于：一种达到北约4569防护标准一级防护水平的的轻质装甲结构，设计为：0.5mm碳化硅涂覆芳纶织物(1)+4mm碳化硅陶瓷(2)+1mm碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料(3)+12mm芳纶无纬布增强树脂基复合材料(4)。
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