CN113981552B - Preparation method of elastic nanofiber yarn - Google Patents
Preparation method of elastic nanofiber yarn Download PDFInfo
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- CN113981552B CN113981552B CN202111376016.9A CN202111376016A CN113981552B CN 113981552 B CN113981552 B CN 113981552B CN 202111376016 A CN202111376016 A CN 202111376016A CN 113981552 B CN113981552 B CN 113981552B
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
- D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
- D01D5/0007—Electro-spinning
- D01D5/0061—Electro-spinning characterised by the electro-spinning apparatus
- D01D5/0069—Electro-spinning characterised by the electro-spinning apparatus characterised by the spinning section, e.g. capillary tube, protrusion or pin
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01H—SPINNING OR TWISTING
- D01H4/00—Open-end spinning machines or arrangements for imparting twist to independently moving fibres separated from slivers; Piecing arrangements therefor; Covering endless core threads with fibres by open-end spinning techniques
- D01H4/02—Open-end spinning machines or arrangements for imparting twist to independently moving fibres separated from slivers; Piecing arrangements therefor; Covering endless core threads with fibres by open-end spinning techniques imparting twist by a fluid, e.g. air vortex
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
- D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
- D02G3/00—Yarns or threads, e.g. fancy yarns; Processes or apparatus for the production thereof, not otherwise provided for
- D02G3/02—Yarns or threads characterised by the material or by the materials from which they are made
- D02G3/04—Blended or other yarns or threads containing components made from different materials
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
- D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
- D02G3/00—Yarns or threads, e.g. fancy yarns; Processes or apparatus for the production thereof, not otherwise provided for
- D02G3/22—Yarns or threads characterised by constructional features, e.g. blending, filament/fibre
- D02G3/32—Elastic yarns or threads ; Production of plied or cored yarns, one of which is elastic
- D02G3/328—Elastic yarns or threads ; Production of plied or cored yarns, one of which is elastic containing elastane
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
- D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
- D02G3/00—Yarns or threads, e.g. fancy yarns; Processes or apparatus for the production thereof, not otherwise provided for
- D02G3/22—Yarns or threads characterised by constructional features, e.g. blending, filament/fibre
- D02G3/38—Threads in which fibres, filaments, or yarns are wound with other yarns or filaments, e.g. wrap yarns, i.e. strands of filaments or staple fibres are wrapped by a helically wound binder yarn
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B2331/00—Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products
- D10B2331/10—Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products polyurethanes
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
- Y02P70/62—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product related technologies for production or treatment of textile or flexible materials or products thereof, including footwear
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of yarn preparation, and relates to a preparation method of elastic nanofiber yarn, wherein the elastic nanofiber yarn is prepared by adopting a water-bath vortex reverse spinning machine, and the method comprises the following steps: (1) electrospinning nanofibers; (2) electrospinning a nanofiber bundle; (3) electrospinning nanofiber yarns; (4) electrostatic spinning elastic nanofiber yarns; and (5) shaping the elastic nanofiber yarn. The method can be used for preparing uniform elastic electrostatic spinning continuous nanofiber yarns, fancy elastic electrostatic spinning continuous nanofiber yarns, elastic electrostatic spinning continuous nanofiber fancy yarns and the like. The preparation method of the elastic nanofiber yarn provided by the invention improves the elasticity of the nanofiber yarn and expands the application field of the nanofiber yarn.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of yarn preparation, and relates to a preparation method of elastic nanofiber yarn.
Background
The nanofiber has the characteristics of high specific surface area, high porosity, excellent physical and chemical properties and the like, and has great application value in the fields of high-efficiency filtration, biomedicine, micro-sensing, composite reinforced materials, electronic devices, protective materials and the like. The electrostatic spinning nanofiber has poor orientation degree and low strength due to the fact that the electrostatic spinning nanofiber is mainly collected in a non-woven fabric mode, and application is greatly limited. The mechanical properties of the nanofiber can be improved by the oriented nanofiber bundle, but the mechanical properties of the nanofiber bundle cannot meet the practical application. The nano-fiber twisting is collected in the form of yarn, so that the fibers can be arranged in order, and the mechanical property of the fibers is further improved. According to different twisting and spinning methods, the conventional electrostatic spinning nanofiber yarn preparation technology mainly comprises a mechanical twisting method, an air vortex twisting method, a water bath method, electric field twisting and the like. The nanofiber yarn has important application value in the fields of electronic skin, flexible sensors, intelligent fabrics such as intelligent clothing, bioengineering and microelectronic devices. However, the existing nanofiber yarn has single shape and poor elasticity, and the application of the nanofiber yarn is limited.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a preparation method of elastic nanofiber yarns, which improves the elasticity of the nanofiber yarns and expands the application field of the nanofiber yarns.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the object of the present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:
a method for preparing elastic nanofiber yarns, which are prepared by adopting a water bath vortex reverse yarn-forming machine, comprises the following steps:
(1) Electrostatic spinning of nanofibers: the injection pump pushes the solution in the injector to form liquid drops at the spinneret according to a proper speed, the liquid drops are sprayed out in a jet flow under the action of a proper electrostatic field force and are stretched and refined to be made into fiber nano fibers, and meanwhile, the electrostatic spinning nano fibers are deposited at the position far away from the center of the vortex liquid level by adjusting the position of the spinneret;
(2) Electrostatic spinning of nanofiber bundles: drafting the nano fibers in the step (1) into nano fiber bundles under the action of the eddy liquid level;
(3) Electrostatic spinning of nanofiber yarn: under the rotation of the vortex, the nanofiber bundle on the vortex liquid level in the step (2) is continuously drafted and twisted to form nanofiber yarn;
(4) Electrostatic spinning of elastic nanofiber yarn: and (4) leading the nanofiber yarn in the step (3) to reach the center of the vortex under the action of the vortex, rapidly increasing the rotating speed, spirally winding the nanofiber yarn on the spandex core yarn at the center of the vortex, and enabling the nanofiber yarn to leave the liquid level along with the spandex core yarn.
In the above method for preparing an elastic nanofiber yarn, the method for preparing the spinning solution includes: selecting proper polymers and solvents, and preparing spinning solution with proper mass percentage concentration, wherein the polymers refer to fiber-forming polymers comprising polyurethane, polyamide, polylactic glycolic acid, fibroin, gelatin, collagen and the like; the solvent comprises distilled water, hexafluoroisopropanol ethanol, dimethylformamide, tetrahydrofuran and the like; the proper mass percentage concentration refers to the concentration of the spinning solution required for electrostatic spinning of well-formed nano fibers.
In the above method for preparing elastic nanofiber yarn, the vortex liquid level is formed in a liquid tank, the liquid tank is filled with water or other liquid solution, and the temperature of the solution is room temperature.
In the above method for preparing an elastic nanofiber yarn, the spinneret is located right above the liquid level of the vortex and is vertically directed to the liquid level, and the spinneret is far away from the center of the vortex in the horizontal direction.
Preferably, in the above method for preparing an elastic nanofiber yarn, the vertical distance between the spinneret and the liquid surface of the vortex is 150-300mm, and the horizontal distance between the spinneret and the center of the vortex is 200-400mm.
In the above method for preparing elastic nanofiber yarn, there are 1-8 spinnerets, and the spinnerets are arranged and combined in an opposite, vertical, parallel or crossed manner.
In the above method for preparing an elastic nanofiber yarn, the method further comprises:
(5) Shaping the elastic nanofiber yarn: and drying and shaping the elastic nanofiber yarn according to the set drafting multiple and the set heating and shaping temperature of the product, wherein the drafting multiple is set to be 0.5-3, the set heating and shaping temperature is set to be 80-130 ℃, and the winding speed of the yarn is set to be 100-300mm/s.
In the above method for preparing an elastic nanofiber yarn for preparing a uniform elastic electrospun continuous nanofiber yarn, the syringe delivers the spinning solution to the spinneret at a constant speed.
In the above method for preparing elastic nanofiber yarns, the method is used for preparing fancy elastic electrospun continuous nanofiber yarns, the injection pump, the injector and the spinneret are provided with two groups, the injector in one group delivers spinning solution to the spinneret at a constant speed, and the injector in the other group delivers the spinning solution to the spinneret at intervals.
In the above method for preparing an elastic nanofiber yarn, the method is used for preparing an elastic electrospun continuous nanofiber fancy yarn, the injection pump, the injector and the spinneret are provided with two groups, the injectors in the two groups respectively deliver different spinning solutions to the spinneret at certain speeds, the sum of the delivery speeds is a constant value, and the speed ratio of the delivery speeds of the two groups is changed at intervals.
The elastic nanofiber yarn produced by the invention has higher nanofiber content and lower elasticity, and the mass ratio of the nanofibers to the core yarn can be adjusted by adjusting the spinning speed and the drafting speed so as to adjust the elongation rate in the elastic nanofiber yarn.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention provides a novel preparation method of elastic nanofiber yarns, and the prepared nanofiber yarns are high in elasticity, adjustable in elongation, good in forming and stable in shape.
2. The invention expands the application field of the elastic nanofiber yarn, and can be used for preparing uniform elastic electrostatic spinning continuous nanofiber yarn, fancy elastic electrostatic spinning continuous nanofiber yarn, elastic electrostatic spinning continuous nanofiber fancy yarn and the like. Has the advantages of multiple patterns, strong decoration and wide applicability.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a scanning electron micrograph of an electrospun nanofiber elastic yarn;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of an electrospun nanofiber elastic yarn;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of an electrostatic spinning nanofiber elastic fancy yarn structure;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of an electrospun nanofiber elastic textured yarn;
fig. 5 is a structural schematic diagram of an electrostatic spinning nanofiber elastic conductive yarn.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples, which are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Further, modifications to the invention, as would be obvious to those of ordinary skill in the art, are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention as defined by the following claims and their equivalents.
The equipment adopted in the embodiment is the equipment provided in the Chinese patent application 201910058640.0.
Example 1
Preparation of electrospun nanofiber elastic yarns
Before spinning, 1.2g of polyurethane (PU, molecular weight of 60000 g/mol) is dissolved in a mixed solvent consisting of 5ml of Dimethylformamide (DMF) and 5ml of Tetrahydrofuran (THF), and the solution is magnetically stirred for 12 hours at 40 ℃ to obtain a PU spinning solution. In spinning, the PU spinning solution is filled into an injector in an injection pump for spinning. Then parameters are adjusted, and the spinning nozzle is positioned 250mm above the liquid level of the vortex and vertically points to the liquid level, and is horizontally away from the center of the vortex by 300mm. The injector conveys the PU spinning solution to the spinning nozzles at the speed of 2ml/h, both spinning nozzles apply +18Kv electrostatic voltage, jet flow is sprayed under the action of a high-voltage electric field, the jet flow is stretched and refined into nanofiber flying to a liquid level vortex, and the nanofiber is gathered, stretched, twisted and spirally wound on spandex core yarns along with the rotation of the vortex. The spandex yarn moves upwards to drive the nanofiber yarn in the vortex to leave the water surface, and the nanofiber yarn is wound on the bobbin after being dried and shaped. Setting conditions: the setting temperature is 120 ℃, and the yarn winding speed is 200mm/s.
The scanning electron micrograph of the electrospun nanofiber elastic yarn of this example is shown in fig. 1; the structure of the present embodiment is schematically shown in fig. 2, in which the inner layer is a spandex core layer, and the outer layer is a nanofiber layer. The properties of the electrospun nanofiber elastic yarn of this example were measured as shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 electrospun nanofiber elastic yarn Structure and elongation at Break
Example 2
Preparation of electrostatic spinning nanofiber elastic fancy yarn
Before spinning, 1.0g of polyurethane (PU, molecular weight of 60000 g/mol) is dissolved in a mixed solvent consisting of 5ml of Dimethylformamide (DMF) and 5ml of Tetrahydrofuran (THF), and the solution is magnetically stirred for 12 hours at 40 ℃ to obtain a PU spinning solution. During spinning, the PU spinning solution is respectively filled into the injectors of the two injection pumps for spinning. Then parameters are adjusted, the spinning nozzles are positioned 200mm above the vortex liquid level and vertically point to the liquid level, the horizontal distance between the spinning nozzles and the vortex center is 300mm, and the two spinning nozzles are positioned on the diameter of the circular vortex and are 600mm apart. One injector continuously conveys PU spinning solution to a spinneret at the speed of 2ml/h, the other injector conveys the PU spinning solution to the spinneret at the speed of 2ml/h for 5 minutes every 5 minutes, both spinnerets apply +18Kv electrostatic voltage, jet flow is sprayed under the action of a high-voltage electric field, the nano fiber is stretched and refined to fly to a liquid level vortex, and the nano fiber is converged, stretched, twisted and spirally wound on spandex core yarn along with the rotation of the vortex. The spandex yarn moves upwards to drive the nanofiber yarn in the vortex to leave the water surface, and the nanofiber yarn is wound on the bobbin after being dried and shaped. Setting conditions: the setting temperature is 120 ℃, and the yarn winding speed is 200mm/s.
The structure of this embodiment is schematically shown in fig. 3, in which the inner layer is a spandex core layer, and the outer layer is a nanofiber layer. The performance of the electrospun nanofiber elastic fancy yarn of this example was measured as shown in table 2.
TABLE 2 Electrostatic spinning nanofiber elastic fancy yarn structure and elongation at break
Example 3
Preparation of electrostatic spinning nanofiber elastic fancy yarn
Before spinning, 1.2g of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU, molecular weight of 60000 g/mol) and 0.024g of disperse blue dye were dissolved in a mixed solvent consisting of 5ml of Dimethylformamide (DMF) and 5ml of Tetrahydrofuran (THF), and magnetic stirring was carried out at 40 ℃ for 12 hours to obtain a blue PU spinning solution. 1.2g of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU, molecular weight of 60000 g/mol) and 0.024g of disperse yellow dye were further weighed and dissolved in a mixed solvent composed of 5ml of Dimethylformamide (DMF) and 5ml of Tetrahydrofuran (THF), and magnetic stirring was carried out at 40 ℃ for 12 hours to obtain a yellow PU spinning solution. During spinning, the spinning solution is respectively filled into the injectors of the two injection pumps for spinning. Then parameters are adjusted, the spinning nozzles are positioned 200mm above the vortex liquid level and vertically point to the liquid level, the horizontal distance between the spinning nozzles and the vortex center is 300mm, and the two spinning nozzles are positioned on the diameter of the circular vortex and are 600mm apart. The two injectors deliver the spinning solution to the spinneret at a certain advancing speed ratio, which is changed every 10 minutes (10, 0, 5. And applying +18Kv electrostatic voltage to the two spinning nozzles, jetting under the action of a high-voltage electric field, stretching and refining to form nano fibers flying to a liquid surface vortex, and carrying out collection, drafting, twisting and spiral winding on spandex core yarns along with the rotation of the vortex. The spandex yarn moves upwards to drive the nanofiber yarn in the vortex to leave the water surface, and the nanofiber yarn is wound on the bobbin after being dried and shaped. Setting conditions: the setting temperature is 120 ℃, and the yarn winding speed is 200mm/s.
The structural schematic diagram of this embodiment is shown in fig. 4, the inner layer is a spandex core layer, the outer layer is a nanofiber layer, and the color of the nanofiber layer in the drawing is blue, green, yellow, green, blue, green, yellow, and green in turn from left to right. The properties of the electrospun nanofiber textured elastic yarn of this example were measured as shown in table 3.
TABLE 3 electrospun nanofiber textured elastic yarn construction and elongation at break
Example 4
Preparation of electrostatic spinning nanofiber elastic conductive yarn
Before spinning, 1.2g of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) is dissolved in a mixed solvent consisting of 5ml of Dimethylformamide (DMF) and 5ml of Tetrahydrofuran (THF), and magnetic stirring is carried out for 12 hours at 40 ℃ to obtain a PVDF spinning solution. And during spinning, the PVDF spinning solution is respectively filled into injectors in two injection pumps for spinning. Then the parameters are adjusted, and the spinning nozzle is positioned 250mm above the vortex liquid level and vertically points to the liquid level, and is horizontally distant from the vortex center by 300mm. The syringe conveys PVDF spinning solution to the spinning nozzles at the speed of 0.9ml/h, both spinning nozzles apply +18Kv electrostatic voltage, jet flow is sprayed out under the action of a high-voltage electric field, the jet flow is stretched and refined into nanofiber flying to the liquid level eddy, and the nanofiber is converged, stretched, twisted and spirally wound on the nickel-plated spandex core yarn along with the rotation of the eddy. The nickel-plated spandex core yarn moves upwards to drive the nanofiber yarn in the vortex to leave the water surface, and the nanofiber yarn is wound on the bobbin after being dried and shaped. Setting conditions: the setting temperature is 120 ℃, and the yarn winding speed is 300mm/s.
The structure of this embodiment is schematically shown in fig. 5, in which the inner layer is a spandex core layer, the middle layer is a nickel-plated conductive layer, and the outer layer is a nanofiber layer. The properties of the electrospun elastic nanofiber conductive yarn of this example were measured as shown in table 4.
TABLE 4 Electrostatic spinning elastic nanofiber conductive yarn Structure and elongation at Break
Claims (8)
1. A preparation method of elastic nanofiber yarn is characterized in that the elastic nanofiber yarn is prepared by adopting a water bath vortex reverse yarn forming machine, and the method comprises the following steps:
(1) Electrostatic spinning of nanofibers: the injection pump pushes the solution in the injector to form liquid drops at the spinneret according to a proper speed, the liquid drops are sprayed out in a jet flow under the action of a proper electrostatic field force and are stretched and refined to be made into fiber nano fibers, and meanwhile, the electrostatic spinning nano fibers are deposited at the position far away from the center of the vortex liquid level by adjusting the position of the spinneret;
(2) Electrostatic spinning of nanofiber bundles: drafting the nano fibers in the step (1) into nano fiber bundles under the action of the eddy liquid level;
(3) Electrostatic spinning of nanofiber yarn: continuously drafting and twisting the nanofiber bundle on the vortex liquid level in the step (2) under the rotation of the vortex to form nanofiber yarns;
(4) Electrostatic spinning of elastic nanofiber yarn: and (4) leading the nanofiber yarn in the step (3) to reach the center of the vortex under the action of the vortex, rapidly increasing the rotating speed, spirally winding the nanofiber yarn on the core yarn at the center of the vortex, and leaving the liquid level along with the core yarn.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the spinneret is positioned directly above and directed perpendicular to the surface of the vortex, and the spinneret is positioned horizontally away from the center of the vortex.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the spinneret is positioned at a vertical distance of 150-300mm from the surface of the vortex and a horizontal distance of 200-400mm from the center of the vortex.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the number of the spinnerets is 1-8, and the spinnerets are arranged in an opposite, vertical, parallel or crossed manner.
5. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
(5) Shaping the elastic nanofiber yarn: and drying and shaping the elastic nanofiber yarn according to the set drafting multiple and the set heating and shaping temperature of the product, wherein the drafting multiple is set to be 0.5-3, the set heating and shaping temperature is set to be 80-130 ℃, and the winding speed of the yarn is set to be 100-300mm/s.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the injector delivers the spinning solution to the spinneret at a constant speed, and the method is used to produce a uniform elastic electrospun continuous nanofiber yarn.
7. The method for preparing elastic nanofiber yarn as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method is used for preparing fancy elastic electrospinning continuous nanofiber yarn, the injection pump, the injector and the spinneret are provided with two groups, the injector in one group delivers spinning solution to the spinneret at a constant speed, and the injector in the other group delivers the spinning solution to the spinneret at intervals.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein the method is used for preparing an elastic electrospun continuous nanofiber color yarn, the injection pump, the injector and the spinneret are provided with two groups, the injectors in the two groups respectively deliver different spinning solutions to the spinneret at certain speeds, the sum of the delivery speeds is a constant value, and the speed ratio of the delivery speeds in the two groups is changed at intervals.
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| CN107938082B (en) * | 2018-01-05 | 2020-08-04 | 东华大学 | Batch preparation method of electrostatic spinning nanofiber/cotton antibacterial core-spun yarn |
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