CN113980340B - Water-absorbing sponge suitable for plant growth and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Water-absorbing sponge suitable for plant growth and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C08J9/26—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof by elimination of a solid phase from a macromolecular composition or article, e.g. leaching out
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
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- C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
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- C08J2403/00—Characterised by the use of starch, amylose or amylopectin or of their derivatives or degradation products
- C08J2403/02—Starch; Degradation products thereof, e.g. dextrin
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- C08J2403/00—Characterised by the use of starch, amylose or amylopectin or of their derivatives or degradation products
- C08J2403/04—Starch derivatives
- C08J2403/10—Oxidised starch
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Abstract
The invention provides a water-absorbing sponge suitable for plant growth and a preparation method thereof, wherein porous sponge with controllable pore diameter is constructed by polyvinyl alcohol, formaldehyde and starch, and the water-absorbing sponge has excellent water retention property, air permeability, filterability and corrosion resistance; in order to ensure that the starch is used as a pore-forming agent to construct porous sponge with controllable pore diameter and also used as an addition component to greatly improve the comprehensive performance of the water-absorbing sponge, the addition amount of the starch is limited to be larger than that of hydrochloric acid, and the starch is prepared from irradiated corn starch, irradiated enzymolysis starch and irradiated oxidized starch according to the mass ratio of 1 (1.5-2.4); the content of carboxyl in the water-absorbing sponge is greatly improved, and the hydrophilicity and the water retention of the water-absorbing sponge are enhanced; modifying the water-absorbing sponge, and grafting and polymerizing antibacterial zwitterionic monomer sulfobetaine methacrylate on the surface of polyvinyl formal in an oxidation-reduction initiation system to obtain the water-absorbing sponge with an antibacterial interconnected macroporous structure while improving the internal crosslinking degree of the water-absorbing sponge.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of landscaping, in particular to a water-absorbing sponge suitable for plant growth and a preparation method thereof.
Background
In recent years, the importance of construction of a sponge city is realized by the invasion of rainstorm, the sponge city construction realizes the accumulation, permeation and purification of rainwater in urban areas to the maximum extent on the premise of ensuring the safety of urban drainage and waterlogging prevention, is favorable for ecological environment protection, and urban green land soil is used for maintaining the growth of urban green land plants and is an important sponge for constructing the sponge city.
Most sponges are applied across the country and have basic facilities such as permeable pavements, green roofs, sunken greenbelts and the like, and although certain construction effects exist, the permeable pavements and the sunken greenbelts permeate rainwater into underground soil; due to perennial human interference, the urban green land soil is degraded integrally, and the air permeability, water storage and water storage performance of the urban green land soil is reduced; therefore, in the construction of permeable pavements and sunken greenbelts, the effect is greatly reduced because of insufficient soil permeability and water storage capacity.
The most important thing for constructing sponge city is the construction of "sponge body", which is to continuously improve its scale and quality; however, the existing planting soil for the growth of landscaping plants generally has the problems of large viscosity, low water permeability and the like, cannot meet the requirement on water permeability index in sponge city construction, and has the problems of high watering frequency, easy breeding of mosquitoes and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a water-absorbing sponge suitable for plant growth and a preparation method thereof, and aims to solve the problems in the prior art.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a preparation method of a water-absorbing sponge suitable for plant growth comprises the following steps: ultrasonically stirring polyvinyl alcohol, starch and deionized water for 0.5-1h to obtain a starch mixed solution; adding formaldehyde, ultrasonically stirring for 1-2h, adding hydrochloric acid, foaming at 50-80 deg.C for 4h, and shearing into granules to obtain a water-absorbing sponge suitable for plant growth.
Further, the water-absorbing sponge comprises the following components in parts by weight: 5-15 parts of polyvinyl alcohol, 2-8 parts of starch, 6-10 parts of formaldehyde, 2-5 parts of hydrochloric acid and 20-30 parts of deionized water.
Further, the water-absorbing sponge comprises the following components in parts by weight: 10 parts of polyvinyl alcohol, 5 parts of starch, 8 parts of formaldehyde, 3 parts of hydrochloric acid and 22 parts of deionized water.
Furthermore, the particle size of the granular sponge is 4-6mm.
By utilizing the polycondensation reaction of polyvinyl alcohol and formaldehyde, part of starch occupies part of space due to expansion in an acid catalyst solution, and holes can be formed after washing to prepare the water-absorbing sponge; polyvinyl alcohol, formaldehyde and starch are used for constructing porous water-absorbing sponge with mutually communicated pore diameters, so that the water-absorbing sponge not only keeps excellent water retention, but also has excellent antibacterial property, is suitable for plant growth, and can prevent the problems of easy breeding of mosquitoes and the like;
furthermore, the starch is prepared from irradiated corn starch, irradiated enzymolysis starch and irradiated oxidized starch according to the mass ratio of 1 to (1.5-2.4).
Further, the preparation method of the radiation enzymolysis starch comprises the following steps: irradiating corn starch by 4kGy, adding deionized water to prepare starch emulsion with the mass fraction of 28%, adjusting the pH to 5.8-6.2, adding alpha-amylase, stirring and reacting at 50-60 ℃, adjusting the pH to 2.8-3, centrifuging, washing and drying to obtain the irradiated enzymatic starch.
Further, the preparation method of the irradiation oxidized starch comprises the following steps: irradiating corn starch by 4kGy, adding deionized water to prepare a starch emulsion with the mass fraction of 28%, adjusting the pH to 8-10, adding ferrous sulfate, stirring, adding hydrogen peroxide at the temperature of 40-50 ℃, adjusting the pH to 6-6.2, then adding equimolar sodium bisulfite, centrifuging, washing and drying to obtain the irradiated oxidized starch.
Although a large amount of hydroxyl in the water-absorbing sponge is exposed by irradiation, the hydrogen peroxide molecules and a large amount of hydroxyl in the molecules are oxidized to increase the content of generated carbonyl carboxyl; however, when starch is oxidized, hydrogen peroxide is decomposed, part of hydrogen peroxide is decomposed to generate free radicals to oxidize starch, so that the oxidation efficiency is reduced, carboxyl groups replace hydroxyl groups when starch is oxidized, the crystalline structure of starch is damaged, molecular chains are broken, small molecules are increased, and the viscosity is reduced; along with the increase of the irradiation dose, the gelatinization temperature of the starch can be reduced, and the energy loss is reduced; after the irradiation powder is oxidized, hydrophilic group carboxyl is generated, so that the water absorption of the water-absorbing sponge in the pasting process and the extension of a starch molecular chain are promoted, and the pasting process is simplified; or the existence of carboxyl blocks the association of hydrogen bonds among molecules, depolymerizes macromolecules, destroys a starch crystal structure, changes a starch network structure in the water-absorbing sponge and simplifies the gelatinization process;
the adhesion force of the oxidized starch and the irradiated powder is improved, but when the irradiation dose is increased, the degradation degree of the starch is high, and the oxidation energy can degrade the starch in the water-absorbing sponge in a synergistic manner, so that the acting force among starch particles in the water-absorbing sponge is reduced, and the adhesion force can be reduced;
the corn starch and the irradiation powder are oxidized to generate carboxyl, and the carboxyl and hydroxyl on the water-absorbing sponge form an internal oxygen bond, so that the association of hydrogen bonds in the water-absorbing sponge is blocked, and the light transmittance is improved; the carboxyl has hydrophilicity, improves the water retention of the water-absorbing sponge system, improves the crosslinking degree of the water-absorbing sponge system, and prevents micromolecules from being separated out.
In order to ensure that starch is used as a pore-forming agent to construct porous sponge with controllable pore diameter and is also used as an added component to greatly improve the comprehensive performance of the water-absorbing sponge, the invention limits the starch to be formed by mixing irradiated corn starch, irradiated enzymatic starch and irradiated oxidized starch according to a mass ratio of 1 to (1.5-2.4), the limited starch addition is larger than the addition of hydrochloric acid, namely, partial starch is ensured to form pores for the water-absorbing sponge under the action of the hydrochloric acid, the irradiated corn starch, irradiated enzymatic starch and irradiated oxidized starch can greatly improve the content of carboxyl in the water-absorbing sponge, the content of carboxyl in the water-absorbing sponge is ensured to be greatly improved, the hydrophilicity, the water-retaining property and the antibacterial durability of the water-absorbing sponge are enhanced, and the mechanical property of the water-absorbing sponge is also greatly improved.
Further, the water-absorbing sponge is subjected to modification treatment, and the modification treatment comprises the following steps: mixing and stirring the polymerized antibacterial zwitterionic monomer sulfobetaine methacrylate and a nitric acid solution to obtain a nitric acid mixed solution, adding granular sponge and ammonium ceric nitrate under the protection of nitrogen, sequentially washing the product in a sodium hydrogen phosphate solution and deionized water, and drying to obtain the modified water-absorbing sponge.
Further, the mass ratio of the granular sponge to the cerium ammonium nitrate is 15.8.
The antibacterial zwitterionic monomer sulfobetaine methacrylate is grafted and polymerized on the surface of polyvinyl formal in an oxidation-reduction initiation system, so that the antibacterial performance of the water-absorbing sponge is greatly improved, a mutually communicated macroporous structure is constructed in the water-absorbing sponge, the hydrophilicity and the surface roughness of the water-absorbing sponge are greatly improved, and the porosity in the water-absorbing sponge is up to over 88 percent, so that the water-absorbing sponge has good mechanical properties in a dry state and good resilience in a wet state.
A water-absorbing sponge suitable for plant growth is applied to potted plant planting, flower bed planting, square planting, indoor green plant walls, road green belts, planting bases and soilless culture.
The invention has the advantages of
The invention provides a water-absorbing sponge suitable for plant growth and a preparation method thereof, wherein polyvinyl alcohol, formaldehyde and starch are used for constructing the porous water-absorbing sponge, so that the water-absorbing sponge keeps excellent water permeability and antibacterial property, and when the water-absorbing sponge is used for planting soil for plant growth, the requirement on the water permeability in sponge city construction is met;
the addition amount of starch in the components is limited to be larger than that of hydrochloric acid, and the starch is prepared from irradiated corn starch, irradiated enzymolysis starch and irradiated oxidized starch according to the mass ratio of 1 to (1.5-2.4), so that partial starch serves as a water-absorbing sponge for pore forming under the action of the hydrochloric acid, the content of carboxyl in the water-absorbing sponge is greatly improved by using the partial starch as the addition component, and the hydrophilic water retention property of the water-absorbing sponge is enhanced;
the antibacterial zwitterionic monomer sulfobetaine methacrylate is grafted and polymerized on the surface of the water-absorbing sponge, the crosslinking of macromolecular chains in the water-absorbing sponge is enhanced, and an antibacterial interconnected macroporous structure is constructed in the water-absorbing sponge, so that the water-absorbing sponge has lasting antibacterial property.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it should be apparent that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that if the present invention is embodied in relation to directional indications such as up, down, left, right, front, rear, \8230; \8230, the directional indications are merely used to explain the relative positional relationship between the components, the motion situation, etc. in a particular posture, if the particular posture is changed, the directional indications are changed accordingly. In addition, technical solutions between various embodiments may be combined with each other, but must be realized by a person skilled in the art, and when the technical solutions are contradictory or cannot be realized, such a combination should not be considered to exist, and is not within the protection scope of the present invention.
The technical solutions of the present invention are further described in detail with reference to specific examples, which should be understood that the following examples are only illustrative and not limiting.
Example 1
A preparation method of a water-absorbing sponge suitable for plant growth comprises the following steps: ultrasonically stirring polyvinyl alcohol, starch and deionized water for 0.5h to obtain a starch mixed solution; adding formaldehyde, ultrasonically stirring for 1h, adding hydrochloric acid, foaming at 50 ℃ for 4h, and shearing into granules to obtain a water-absorbing sponge suitable for plant growth;
the water-absorbing sponge comprises the following components in parts by weight: 5 parts of polyvinyl alcohol, 4 parts of starch, 6 parts of formaldehyde, 2 parts of hydrochloric acid and 20 parts of deionized water;
the particle size of the granular sponge is 4mm;
the starch is prepared from irradiated corn starch, irradiated enzymolysis starch and irradiated oxidized starch in a mass ratio of 1; the weight of the irradiated corn starch is 1g, the weight of the irradiated enzymolysis starch is 1g, and the weight of the irradiated oxidation starch is 1.5g;
the preparation method of the irradiation enzymolysis starch comprises the following steps: irradiating corn starch by 4kGy, adding deionized water to prepare a starch emulsion with the mass fraction of 28%, adjusting the pH to 5.8, adding alpha-amylase, stirring and reacting at 50 ℃, adjusting the pH to 2.8, centrifuging, washing and drying to obtain irradiated enzymatic starch;
the preparation method of the irradiation oxidized starch comprises the following steps: irradiating corn starch by 4kGy, adding deionized water to prepare a starch emulsion with the mass fraction of 28%, adjusting the pH to 8, adding ferrous sulfate, stirring, adding hydrogen peroxide at 40 ℃, adjusting the pH to 6, then adding equimolar sodium bisulfite, centrifuging, washing and drying to obtain irradiated oxidized starch; the using amount of the hydrogen peroxide is 7.6 percent;
the water-absorbing sponge modification treatment comprises the following steps: mixing and stirring the polymerized antibacterial zwitterionic monomer sulfonic acid betaine methacrylate and a nitric acid solution to obtain a nitric acid mixed solution, adding granular sponge and ammonium ceric nitrate under the protection of nitrogen, sequentially washing the product with a sodium hydrogen phosphate solution and deionized water, and drying to obtain a modified water-absorbing sponge; the mass ratio of the granular sponge to the ammonium ceric nitrate is 15.8: 15g of granular sponge and 0.8g of ammonium cerium nitrate.
Example 2
A preparation method of a water-absorbing sponge suitable for plant growth comprises the following steps: ultrasonically stirring polyvinyl alcohol, starch and deionized water for 0.8h to obtain a starch mixed solution; adding formaldehyde, ultrasonically stirring for 1.5h, adding hydrochloric acid, foaming at 70 deg.C for 4h, and shearing into granules to obtain a water-absorbing sponge suitable for plant growth;
the water-absorbing sponge comprises the following components in parts by weight: 10 parts of polyvinyl alcohol, 5 parts of starch, 8 parts of formaldehyde, 3 parts of hydrochloric acid and 22 parts of deionized water;
the particle size of the granular sponge is 5mm;
the starch is prepared from irradiated corn starch, irradiated enzymolysis starch and irradiated oxidized starch in a mass ratio of 1; the mass of the irradiated corn starch is 1g, the mass of the irradiated enzymolysis starch is 1g, and the mass of the irradiated oxidation starch is 2g;
the preparation method of the radiation enzymolysis starch comprises the following steps: irradiating corn starch by 4kGy, adding deionized water to prepare a starch emulsion with the mass fraction of 28%, adjusting the pH to 6, adding alpha-amylase, stirring and reacting at 55 ℃, adjusting the pH to 2.9, centrifuging, washing and drying to obtain irradiated enzymatic starch;
the preparation method of the radiation oxidized starch comprises the following steps: irradiating corn starch by 4kGy, adding deionized water to prepare a starch emulsion with the mass fraction of 28%, adjusting the pH to 9, adding ferrous sulfate, stirring, adding hydrogen peroxide at 45 ℃, adjusting the pH to 6.1, then adding equimolar sodium bisulfite, centrifuging, washing and drying to obtain irradiated oxidized starch; the amount of the hydrogen peroxide is 7.8 percent by weight;
the water-absorbing sponge modification treatment comprises the following steps: mixing and stirring the polymerized antibacterial zwitterionic monomer sulfonic acid betaine methacrylate and a nitric acid solution to obtain a nitric acid mixed solution, adding granular sponge and ammonium ceric nitrate under the protection of nitrogen, sequentially washing the product with a sodium hydrogen phosphate solution and deionized water, and drying to obtain a modified water-absorbing sponge; the mass ratio of the granular sponge to the ammonium ceric nitrate is 15.8; 15g of granular sponge and 0.8g of ammonium cerium nitrate.
Example 3
A preparation method of a water-absorbing sponge suitable for plant growth comprises the following steps: ultrasonically stirring polyvinyl alcohol, starch and deionized water for 1h to obtain a starch mixed solution; adding formaldehyde, ultrasonically stirring for 2h, adding hydrochloric acid, foaming at 80 deg.C for 4h, and shearing into granules to obtain a water-absorbing sponge suitable for plant growth;
the water-absorbing sponge comprises the following components in parts by weight: 15 parts of polyvinyl alcohol, 8 parts of starch, 10 parts of formaldehyde, 5 parts of hydrochloric acid and 30 parts of deionized water;
the particle size of the granular sponge is 6mm;
the starch is prepared from irradiated corn starch, irradiated enzymolysis starch and irradiated oxidized starch in a mass ratio of 1; the weight of the irradiated corn starch is 1g, the weight of the irradiated enzymolysis starch is 1g, and the weight of the irradiated oxidation starch is 2.4g;
the preparation method of the radiation enzymolysis starch comprises the following steps: irradiating corn starch by 4kGy, adding deionized water to prepare a starch emulsion with the mass fraction of 28%, adjusting the pH to 6.2, adding alpha-amylase, stirring and reacting at 60 ℃, adjusting the pH to 3, centrifuging, washing and drying to obtain irradiated enzymatic starch;
the preparation method of the radiation oxidized starch comprises the following steps: irradiating corn starch by 4kGy, adding deionized water to prepare a starch emulsion with the mass fraction of 28%, adjusting the pH to 10, adding ferrous sulfate, stirring, adding hydrogen peroxide at 50 ℃, adjusting the pH to 6.2, then adding equimolar sodium bisulfite, centrifuging, washing and drying to obtain irradiated oxidized starch; the using amount of the hydrogen peroxide is 7.9 percent;
the water-absorbing sponge modification treatment comprises the following steps: mixing and stirring the polymerized antibacterial zwitterionic monomer sulfonic acid betaine methacrylate and a nitric acid solution to obtain a nitric acid mixed solution, adding granular sponge and ammonium ceric nitrate under the protection of nitrogen, sequentially washing the product with a sodium hydrogen phosphate solution and deionized water, and drying to obtain a modified water-absorbing sponge; the mass ratio of the granular sponge to the ammonium ceric nitrate is 15.8; 15g of granular sponge and 0.8g of ammonium cerium nitrate.
Comparative example 1
A preparation method of a water-absorbing sponge suitable for plant growth comprises the following steps: ultrasonically stirring polyvinyl alcohol, starch and deionized water for 0.8h to obtain a starch mixed solution; adding formaldehyde, ultrasonically stirring for 1.5h, adding hydrochloric acid, foaming at 70 ℃ for 4h, and shearing into granules to obtain a water-absorbing sponge suitable for plant growth;
the water-absorbing sponge comprises the following components in parts by weight: 10 parts of polyvinyl alcohol, 5 parts of starch, 8 parts of formaldehyde, 3 parts of hydrochloric acid and 22 parts of deionized water;
the particle size of the granular sponge is 5mm;
the starch is prepared from irradiated corn starch, irradiated enzymolysis starch and irradiated oxidized starch in a mass ratio of 1; the mass of the irradiated corn starch is 1g, the mass of the irradiated enzymolysis starch is 1g, and the mass of the irradiated oxidation starch is 2g;
the preparation method of the radiation enzymolysis starch comprises the following steps: irradiating corn starch by 4kGy, adding deionized water to prepare a starch emulsion with the mass fraction of 28%, adjusting the pH to 6, adding alpha-amylase, stirring and reacting at 55 ℃, adjusting the pH to 2.9, centrifuging, washing and drying to obtain irradiated enzymatic starch;
the preparation method of the radiation oxidized starch comprises the following steps: irradiating corn starch by 4kGy, adding deionized water to prepare a starch emulsion with the mass fraction of 28%, adjusting the pH to 9, adding ferrous sulfate, stirring, adding hydrogen peroxide at 45 ℃, adjusting the pH to 6.1, then adding equimolar sodium bisulfite, centrifuging, washing and drying to obtain irradiated oxidized starch; the amount of hydrogen peroxide was 7.8% by weight.
Comparative example 2
A preparation method of a water-absorbing sponge suitable for plant growth comprises the following steps: ultrasonically stirring polyvinyl alcohol, starch and deionized water for 0.8h to obtain a starch mixed solution; adding formaldehyde, ultrasonically stirring for 1.5h, adding hydrochloric acid, foaming at 70 ℃ for 4h, and shearing into granules to obtain a water-absorbing sponge suitable for plant growth;
the water-absorbing sponge comprises the following components in parts by weight: 10 parts of polyvinyl alcohol, 5 parts of starch, 8 parts of formaldehyde, 3 parts of hydrochloric acid and 22 parts of deionized water;
the particle size of the granular sponge is 5mm;
the starch is prepared from irradiated corn starch, irradiated enzymolysis starch and irradiated oxidized starch in a mass ratio of 1; the weight of the irradiated corn starch is 1g, the weight of the irradiated enzymolysis starch is 1g, and the weight of the irradiated oxidation starch is 2.6g;
the preparation method of the irradiation enzymolysis starch comprises the following steps: irradiating corn starch by using 4kGy, adding deionized water to prepare a starch emulsion with the mass fraction of 28%, adjusting the pH to be 6, adding alpha-amylase, stirring and reacting at 55 ℃, adjusting the pH to be 2.9, centrifuging, washing and drying to obtain irradiated enzymatic starch;
the preparation method of the radiation oxidized starch comprises the following steps: irradiating corn starch by 4kGy, adding deionized water to prepare a starch emulsion with the mass fraction of 28%, adjusting the pH to 9, adding ferrous sulfate, stirring, adding hydrogen peroxide at 45 ℃, adjusting the pH to 6.1, then adding equimolar sodium bisulfite, centrifuging, washing and drying to obtain irradiated oxidized starch; the amount of the hydrogen peroxide is 7.8 percent by weight;
the water-absorbing sponge modification treatment comprises the following steps: mixing and stirring the polymerized antibacterial zwitterionic monomer sulfonic acid betaine methacrylate and a nitric acid solution to obtain a nitric acid mixed solution, adding granular sponge and ammonium ceric nitrate under the protection of nitrogen, sequentially washing the product with a sodium hydrogen phosphate solution and deionized water, and drying to obtain a modified water-absorbing sponge; the mass ratio of the granular sponge to the ammonium ceric nitrate is 15.8; 15g of granular sponge and 0.8g of ammonium ceric nitrate.
Comparative example 3
A preparation method of a water-absorbing sponge suitable for plant growth comprises the following steps: ultrasonically stirring polyvinyl alcohol, starch and deionized water for 0.8h to obtain a starch mixed solution; adding formaldehyde, ultrasonically stirring for 1.5h, adding hydrochloric acid, foaming at 70 deg.C for 4h, and shearing into granules to obtain a water-absorbing sponge suitable for plant growth;
the water-absorbing sponge comprises the following components in parts by weight: 10 parts of polyvinyl alcohol, 5 parts of starch, 8 parts of formaldehyde, 3 parts of hydrochloric acid and 22 parts of deionized water;
the particle size of the granular sponge is 5mm;
the starch is prepared from irradiated corn starch, irradiated enzymolysis starch and irradiated oxidized starch in a mass ratio of 1; the weight of the irradiated corn starch is 1g, the weight of the irradiated enzymolysis starch is 1g, and the weight of the irradiated oxidation starch is 1.4g;
the preparation method of the irradiation enzymolysis starch comprises the following steps: irradiating corn starch by 4kGy, adding deionized water to prepare a starch emulsion with the mass fraction of 28%, adjusting the pH to 6, adding alpha-amylase, stirring and reacting at 55 ℃, adjusting the pH to 2.9, centrifuging, washing and drying to obtain irradiated enzymatic starch;
the preparation method of the radiation oxidized starch comprises the following steps: irradiating corn starch by 4kGy, adding deionized water to prepare a starch emulsion with the mass fraction of 28%, adjusting the pH to 9, adding ferrous sulfate, stirring, adding hydrogen peroxide at 45 ℃, adjusting the pH to 6.1, then adding equimolar sodium bisulfite, centrifuging, washing and drying to obtain irradiated oxidized starch; the amount of the hydrogen peroxide is 7.8 percent by weight;
the water-absorbing sponge modification treatment comprises the following steps: mixing and stirring the polymerized antibacterial zwitterionic monomer sulfonic acid betaine methacrylate and a nitric acid solution to obtain a nitric acid mixed solution, adding granular sponge and ammonium ceric nitrate under the protection of nitrogen, sequentially washing the product with a sodium hydrogen phosphate solution and deionized water, and drying to obtain a modified water-absorbing sponge; the mass ratio of the granular sponge to the ammonium ceric nitrate is 15.8; 15g of granular sponge and 0.8g of ammonium cerium nitrate.
Comparative example 4
A preparation method of a water-absorbing sponge suitable for plant growth comprises the following steps: ultrasonically stirring polyvinyl alcohol, starch and deionized water for 0.8h to obtain a starch mixed solution; adding formaldehyde, ultrasonically stirring for 1.5h, adding hydrochloric acid, foaming at 70 deg.C for 4h, and shearing into granules to obtain a water-absorbing sponge suitable for plant growth;
the water-absorbing sponge comprises the following components in parts by weight: 10 parts of polyvinyl alcohol, 5 parts of starch, 8 parts of formaldehyde, 3 parts of hydrochloric acid and 22 parts of deionized water;
the particle size of the granular sponge is 5mm; the starch is corn starch;
the water-absorbing sponge modification treatment comprises the following steps: mixing and stirring the polymerized antibacterial zwitterionic monomer sulfonic acid betaine methacrylate and a nitric acid solution to obtain a nitric acid mixed solution, adding granular sponge and ammonium ceric nitrate under the protection of nitrogen, sequentially washing the product with a sodium hydrogen phosphate solution and deionized water, and drying to obtain a modified water-absorbing sponge; the mass ratio of the granular sponge to the ammonium ceric nitrate is 15.8; 15g of granular sponge and 0.8g of ammonium cerium nitrate.
Comparative example 5
A preparation method of a water-absorbing sponge suitable for plant growth comprises the following steps: ultrasonically stirring polyvinyl alcohol, starch and deionized water for 0.8h to obtain a starch mixed solution; adding formaldehyde, ultrasonically stirring for 1.5h, adding hydrochloric acid, foaming at 70 deg.C for 4h, and shearing into granules to obtain a water-absorbing sponge suitable for plant growth;
the water-absorbing sponge comprises the following components in parts by weight: 10 parts of polyvinyl alcohol, 5 parts of starch, 8 parts of formaldehyde, 6 parts of hydrochloric acid and 22 parts of deionized water; the starch is corn starch; the particle diameter of the granular sponge is 5mm.
And (3) performance testing: the performance of the water-absorbing sponges prepared in the examples 1-3 and the comparative examples 1-5 is tested, and the water permeability is determined by referring to GB 8076-2008; the compressive strength is determined by referring to GB-T50081-2019; the antibacterial rate is determined by referring to an oscillation method in GB/T20944-2008, and escherichia coli and staphylococcus aureus are selected; selecting bacterial colonies from a solid agar culture medium, placing the bacterial colonies into 20mL of liquid bacterial nutrient solution, culturing for 12h in a constant temperature oscillator at 35 ℃, testing the bacterial concentration after taking out, then diluting to 10 ℃ FU/mL by using PBS buffer solution, taking 0.4g of sample, adding the sample into 40mL of bacterial liquid with target concentration, performing oscillation culture for 4h in the constant temperature oscillator at 35 ℃, then taking out an appropriate amount of bacterial liquid, reasonably diluting and plating for culture, calculating the bacterial liquid concentration according to the number of grown bacterial colonies and calculating the antibacterial rate, wherein the antibacterial rate (Y) has a formula of Y = (K-J)/K multiplied by 100 percent, wherein K is the concentration of the bacterial liquid of a blank control group; j is the concentration of the bacteria liquid after the sample contacts the bacteria liquid; after 1 month, the prepared water-absorbing sponge is placed at 22-25 ℃ and the humidity is 20-40% for 1 month, after 3 months, the prepared water-absorbing sponge is placed at 22-25 ℃ for 3 months, and the measurement results are shown in table 1;
TABLE 1
Examples 1-3 were prepared according to the process of the present invention, comparative example 1 was prepared without modification of the absorbent sponge; in the comparative example 2, the starch is prepared by mixing irradiated corn starch, irradiated enzymolysis starch and irradiated oxidized starch in a mass ratio of 1; the comparative example 3 is prepared by mixing starch, irradiated enzymolysis starch and irradiated oxidized starch according to the mass ratio of 1; comparative example 4 was where the starch was corn starch; comparative example 5 no modification treatment was performed on the water-absorbent sponge, the amount of starch added was less than the amount of hydrochloric acid added, and the starch was corn starch; compared with the comparative examples 1-5, the embodiment 2 shows that the addition amount of the starch is limited to be larger than that of the hydrochloric acid, the starch is prepared from the irradiated corn starch, the irradiated enzymolysis starch and the irradiated oxidized starch according to the mass ratio of 1 to (1.5-2.4), the comprehensive performance of the water-absorbing sponge can be greatly improved, the water-absorbing sponge is subjected to modification treatment, the antibacterial durability is greatly improved, and the service life of the sponge is prolonged.
The above description is only an example of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all modifications and equivalents of the present invention, which are made by the present specification and directly/indirectly applied to other related technical fields, are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A preparation method of a water-absorbing sponge suitable for plant growth is characterized by comprising the following steps: ultrasonically stirring polyvinyl alcohol, starch and deionized water for 0.5-1h to obtain a starch mixed solution; adding formaldehyde, ultrasonically stirring for 1-2h, adding hydrochloric acid, foaming at 50-80 deg.C for 4h, and shearing into granular sponge to obtain water-absorbing sponge suitable for plant growth;
the adding amount of the starch is larger than that of the hydrochloric acid in parts by weight; the starch is prepared from irradiated corn starch, irradiated enzymolysis starch and irradiated oxidized starch in a mass ratio of 1 (1.5-2.4);
the preparation method of the radiation enzymolysis starch comprises the following steps: irradiating corn starch by 4kGy, adding deionized water to prepare a starch emulsion with the mass fraction of 28%, adjusting the pH to 5.8-6.2, adding alpha-amylase, stirring and reacting at 50-60 ℃, adjusting the pH to 2.8-3, centrifuging, washing and drying to obtain irradiated enzymatic starch;
the preparation method of the irradiation oxidized starch comprises the following steps: irradiating corn starch with 4kGy, adding deionized water to prepare a starch emulsion with the mass fraction of 28%, adjusting the pH to 8-10, adding ferrous sulfate, stirring, adding hydrogen peroxide at the temperature of 40-50 ℃, adjusting the pH to 6-6.2, then adding sodium bisulfite, centrifuging, washing and drying to obtain the irradiated oxidized starch.
2. The preparation method of the water-absorbing sponge suitable for plant growth according to claim 1, wherein the water-absorbing sponge comprises the following components in parts by weight: 5-15 parts of polyvinyl alcohol, 2-8 parts of starch, 6-10 parts of formaldehyde, 2-5 parts of hydrochloric acid and 20-30 parts of deionized water.
3. The preparation method of the water-absorbing sponge suitable for plant growth according to claim 1, wherein the water-absorbing sponge comprises the following components in parts by weight: 10 parts of polyvinyl alcohol, 5 parts of starch, 8 parts of formaldehyde, 3 parts of hydrochloric acid and 22 parts of deionized water.
4. The method for preparing a water-absorbing sponge suitable for plant growth as claimed in claim 1, wherein the particle size of the granular sponge is 4-6mm.
5. The method for preparing the water-absorbing sponge suitable for plant growth according to claim 1, wherein the water-absorbing sponge is subjected to modification treatment, and the modification treatment comprises the following steps: mixing and stirring the polymerized antibacterial zwitterionic monomer sulfonic acid betaine methacrylate and a nitric acid solution to obtain a nitric acid mixed solution, adding granular sponge and ammonium ceric nitrate under the protection of nitrogen, sequentially washing the product with a sodium hydrogen phosphate solution and deionized water, and drying to obtain the modified water-absorbing sponge.
6. The method for preparing a water-absorbing sponge suitable for plant growth according to claim 5, wherein the mass ratio of the granular sponge to the cerium ammonium nitrate is 15.
7. A water-absorbing sponge suitable for plant growth, which is prepared by the preparation method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, and is applied to pot planting, flower bed planting, square planting, indoor green plant walls, road green belts, planting bases and soilless culture.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN103554801A (en) * | 2013-08-28 | 2014-02-05 | 谭明宁 | Modified polyvinyl alcohol sponge and preparation method thereof |
| CN106916333A (en) * | 2015-12-28 | 2017-07-04 | 武汉德骼拜尔外科植入物有限公司 | A kind of polyvinyl alcohol medical sponge and preparation method thereof |
| CN108176383A (en) * | 2018-01-05 | 2018-06-19 | 天津工业大学 | A kind of preparation method of antibacterial absorption sponge material |
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| US20130171203A1 (en) * | 2011-12-16 | 2013-07-04 | Solomon Rosenblatt | Composition And Methods For Antimicrobial Articles |
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| CN103554801A (en) * | 2013-08-28 | 2014-02-05 | 谭明宁 | Modified polyvinyl alcohol sponge and preparation method thereof |
| CN106916333A (en) * | 2015-12-28 | 2017-07-04 | 武汉德骼拜尔外科植入物有限公司 | A kind of polyvinyl alcohol medical sponge and preparation method thereof |
| CN108176383A (en) * | 2018-01-05 | 2018-06-19 | 天津工业大学 | A kind of preparation method of antibacterial absorption sponge material |
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| 杨旭.抗菌型聚乙烯醇基水凝胶材料的制备及其性能研究.《中国博士学位论文全文数据库工程科技Ⅰ辑》.2021,(第1期),第32-33,43-49页. * |
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