CN113976815B - Spherical sand for casting and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Spherical sand for casting and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN113976815B CN113976815B CN202111157722.4A CN202111157722A CN113976815B CN 113976815 B CN113976815 B CN 113976815B CN 202111157722 A CN202111157722 A CN 202111157722A CN 113976815 B CN113976815 B CN 113976815B
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- bauxite
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- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 71
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 72
- BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910001570 bauxite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 36
- KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Na+].[Na+] KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 28
- 229910001948 sodium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 28
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 claims description 25
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Inorganic materials [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 6
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000010891 electric arc Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 2
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003795 desorption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052863 mullite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- CHWRSCGUEQEHOH-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[K+].[K+] CHWRSCGUEQEHOH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001950 potassium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C1/00—Compositions of refractory mould or core materials; Grain structures thereof; Chemical or physical features in the formation or manufacture of moulds
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2/00—Processes or devices for granulating materials, e.g. fertilisers in general; Rendering particulate materials free flowing in general, e.g. making them hydrophobic
- B01J2/02—Processes or devices for granulating materials, e.g. fertilisers in general; Rendering particulate materials free flowing in general, e.g. making them hydrophobic by dividing the liquid material into drops, e.g. by spraying, and solidifying the drops
- B01J2/04—Processes or devices for granulating materials, e.g. fertilisers in general; Rendering particulate materials free flowing in general, e.g. making them hydrophobic by dividing the liquid material into drops, e.g. by spraying, and solidifying the drops in a gaseous medium
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C5/00—Machines or devices specially designed for dressing or handling the mould material so far as specially adapted for that purpose
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C5/00—Machines or devices specially designed for dressing or handling the mould material so far as specially adapted for that purpose
- B22C5/06—Machines or devices specially designed for dressing or handling the mould material so far as specially adapted for that purpose by sieving or magnetic separating
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mold Materials And Core Materials (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of spherical sand for casting, and discloses spherical sand for casting and a preparation method thereof. The spherical sand for casting comprises 60-75 parts by weight of aluminum oxide, 15-30 parts by weight of silicon oxide, 0.5-8.5 parts by weight of calcium oxide and 2-10 parts by weight of impurities; the sphericity of the spherical sand for casting is more than or equal to 0.9, the surface porosity is less than or equal to 2%, and the casting hardness is more than or equal to 75. The spherical sand for casting provided by the invention has the advantages of good sphericity, large casting hardness and low surface porosity, and can effectively ensure the smoothness and dimensional accuracy of castings when being used in casting.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of spherical sand for casting, in particular to spherical sand for casting and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The spherical sand for casting is generally produced by blowing pellets of bauxite, which has been lightly burned and dehydrated, in a molten state in an arc furnace and sieving the pellets. The spherical sand for casting prepared by the method has uneven granularity and sphericity, high surface porosity, small casting hardness and poor wear resistance, and can not effectively ensure the smoothness and dimensional accuracy of castings when used in casting.
Therefore, there is a need to provide a spherical sand for casting with good sphericity, low surface porosity and large mold hardness and a method for producing the same.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems of uneven granularity and sphericity, high surface porosity, small casting hardness, poor wear resistance and the like of spherical sand for casting in the prior art, and provides spherical sand for casting and a preparation method thereof.
In order to achieve the above object, a first aspect of the present invention provides a spherical sand for casting comprising 60 to 75 parts by weight of alumina, 15 to 30 parts by weight of silica, 0.5 to 8.5 parts by weight of calcium oxide, and 2 to 10 parts by weight of impurities; the sphericity of the spherical sand for casting is more than or equal to 0.9, the surface porosity is less than or equal to 2%, and the casting hardness is more than or equal to 75N.
In a second aspect, the present invention provides a method for producing spherical sand for casting, the method comprising: mixing bauxite powder, white lime and sodium oxide, then carrying out arc melting and blowing, and then screening to obtain the spherical sand for casting; wherein, the mass ratio of the bauxite powder to the white lime to the sodium oxide is 100:1-3:3-7.
Through the technical scheme, the invention has the following beneficial technical effects:
1) The spherical sand for casting provided by the invention has the advantages of good sphericity, large casting hardness and low surface porosity, and can effectively ensure the smoothness and dimensional accuracy of castings when used in casting;
2) According to the preparation method of the spherical sand for casting, provided by the invention, the high-quality spherical sand for casting is obtained by adding the white lime and the sodium oxide in a specific mass ratio, and meanwhile, the screening rate of the spherical sand for casting is improved;
3) The preparation method of the spherical sand for casting provided by the invention has the advantages of simple process and suitability for industrial popularization.
Detailed Description
The endpoints and any values of the ranges disclosed herein are not limited to the precise range or value, and are understood to encompass values approaching those ranges or values. For numerical ranges, one or more new numerical ranges may be found between the endpoints of each range, between the endpoint of each range and the individual point value, and between the individual point value, in combination with each other, and are to be considered as specifically disclosed herein.
The first aspect of the present invention provides a spherical sand for casting, wherein the spherical sand for casting comprises 60 to 75 parts by weight of alumina, 15 to 30 parts by weight of silica, 0.5 to 8.5 parts by weight of calcium oxide, and 2 to 10 parts by weight of impurities; the sphericity of the spherical sand for casting is more than or equal to 0.9, the surface porosity is less than or equal to 2%, and the casting hardness is more than or equal to 75N.
Wherein, in the invention, the content of each component in the spherical sand for casting is calculated by 100 parts by weight of the total amount.
In a preferred embodiment, the spherical sand for casting comprises: 66-72 parts by weight of aluminum oxide, 20-23 parts by weight of silicon oxide, 1-4 parts by weight of calcium oxide and 4-8.5 parts by weight of impurities; it is further preferred that 68 to 70 parts by weight of alumina, 21 to 22 parts by weight of silica, 1.5 to 2.9 parts by weight of calcium oxide and 7 to 7.5 parts by weight of impurities.
In a preferred embodiment, the sphericity of the foundry sand is from 0.9 to 0.99, preferably from 0.96 to 0.98; the surface porosity is 1-2%, preferably 1.1-1.3%; the hardness of the casting mold is 80 to 90, preferably 87 to 88.
In a second aspect, the present invention provides a method for producing spherical sand for casting, the method comprising: mixing bauxite powder, white lime and sodium oxide, then carrying out arc melting and blowing, and then screening to obtain the spherical sand for casting; wherein, the mass ratio of the bauxite powder to the white lime to the sodium oxide is 100:1-3:3-7.
While the addition of white lime contributes to improvement of hardness and wear resistance of the spherical sand for casting in the preparation of the spherical sand for casting, the addition of white lime affects formation of a glass phase of the spherical sand for casting, resulting in an increase in porosity. The addition of a small amount of sodium oxide can play a role in preserving silicon, so that the porosity of the spherical sand for casting is reduced, the smoothness is improved, but sodium oxide can also cause unbalance of the mullite phase and the glass phase of the spherical sand for casting, and the strength and the wear resistance of the spherical sand are reduced.
The inventors of the present invention have found through studies that although sodium oxide does not enter into the spherical sand for casting, white lime and sodium oxide are added in a certain proportion at the same time when the spherical sand for casting is prepared, and the two interact with each other, so that the surface porosity of the spherical sand for casting can be reduced on the premise of improving the hardness, wear resistance and sphericity of the spherical sand for casting, and high-quality spherical sand for casting which can effectively ensure the smoothness and dimensional accuracy of castings when used in casting can be obtained.
In a preferred embodiment, the method of preparing the bauxite powder includes crushing and calcining bauxite to obtain bauxite powder.
In a preferred embodiment, the bauxite includes 60 to 75 parts by weight of alumina, 15 to 30 parts by weight of silica, 2 to 10 parts by weight of impurities and 5 to 15 parts by weight of burn-out.
Wherein, in the invention, the content of each component in the bauxite is calculated by 100 weight parts of total. The burned matters refer to substances lost after bauxite dried at 110 ℃ for 24 hours is calcined at 1350 ℃ for 6 hours. The impurities refer to small amounts of iron oxide, titanium oxide, calcium oxide, magnesium oxide, potassium oxide and sodium oxide originally contained in bauxite. Since the content of sodium oxide is very small, the impurities in the spherical sand for casting and bauxite can be regarded as the same in the present invention.
In a further preferred embodiment, the bauxite includes 66-72 parts by weight alumina, 20-23 parts by weight silica, 4-8.5 parts by weight impurities and 8-15 parts by weight burn-out.
In a most preferred embodiment, the bauxite includes 68 to 70 parts by weight of alumina, 21 to 22 parts by weight of silica, 7 to 7.5 parts by weight of impurities and 10 to 12 parts by weight of burn-out.
In a preferred embodiment, the operating conditions of the calcination include: the calcination heating rate is 2-10 ℃/min, preferably 5-7 ℃/min; the calcination temperature is 1000-1600 ℃, preferably 1200-1400 ℃; the calcination time is 4 to 10 hours, preferably 6 to 8 hours.
In a preferred embodiment, the bauxite powder has an average particle size of from 1 to 10mm, preferably from 2 to 4mm; the average particle size of the white lime is 1-10mm, preferably 2-4mm; the average particle diameter of the sodium oxide is 1-10mm, preferably 2-4mm.
In a preferred embodiment, the mass ratio of bauxite powder, white lime and sodium oxide is 100:1.5-2.5:4.5-6.
The inventors of the present invention have found that excessive or insufficient addition of white lime and sodium oxide results in decreased sphericity, decreased sieving rate and increased mold hardness of the spherical sand for casting and increased surface porosity. When the addition amounts of white lime and sodium oxide are limited to the above ranges, the resultant spherical sand for casting is excellent in comprehensive properties.
In a preferred embodiment, the arc melting temperature is 2000-2500 ℃, preferably 2100-2200 ℃.
In the invention, the surface porosity of the spherical sand for casting can be further reduced and the mechanical strength of the spherical sand for casting can be improved by reasonably controlling the arc melting temperature.
In a preferred embodiment, the operating conditions of the blowing include: the flow rate of the air flow is 15-20Nm 3 Preferably 12-16Nm per minute 3 A/min; the temperature of the gas stream is 15-25 ℃, preferably 15-18 ℃. The air flow in the blowing process is not particularly limited, and is preferably compressed air.
In the invention, the uniformity of the blown particles can be improved, the screening waste is reduced and the screening rate is improved by reasonably controlling the operation condition of blowing.
In a preferred embodiment, the present invention is not particularly limited, and preferably, the screening is performed using a 20-40 mesh screen.
In a preferred embodiment, the foundry sand has a sieving rate of 90 to 99%, preferably 97 to 98%.
The present invention will be described in detail by examples. Among them, the compositions of bauxite used in examples and comparative examples are shown in table 1:
TABLE 1
Example 1
1) Crushing bauxite, then placing the crushed bauxite into a calciner, heating to 1300 ℃ at a heating rate of 5 ℃/min, and calcining for 7 hours at 1300 ℃ to obtain bauxite powder with an average particle size of 2.5 mm;
2) The bauxite powder, white lime with the average particle size of 3mm and sodium oxide with the average particle size of 3mm are mixed according to the mass ratio of 100:1.5:4.5, then charging into an electric arc furnace, melting at 2200 ℃ and introducing a gas flow at a rate of 15Nm 3 And (3) injecting compressed air at 15 ℃ for ball forming in a min mode, and screening by 20-40 meshes to obtain the spherical sand for casting.
Example 2
The same as in example 1, except that the bauxite powder, white lime and sodium oxide in the step (2) were mixed in a mass ratio of 100:2.5:6, and mixing the materials in proportion.
Example 3
The same as in example 1, except that the bauxite powder, white lime and sodium oxide in the step (2) were mixed in a mass ratio of 100:1: 7.
Example 4
The same as in example 1, except that the bauxite powder, white lime and sodium oxide in the step (2) were mixed in a mass ratio of 100:3:3, and mixing the components in proportion.
Example 5
The same as in example 1, except that the flow rate of the introduced gas stream at the time of melting in the electric arc furnace in step (2) was 20Nm 3 And/min, compressed air at 25 ℃.
Comparative example 1
The same as in example 1, except that the bauxite powder, white lime and sodium oxide in the step (2) were mixed in a mass ratio of 100:0.5:2, and mixing the components in proportion.
Comparative example 2
The same as in example 1, except that the bauxite powder, white lime and sodium oxide in the step (2) were mixed in a mass ratio of 100:4:8, and mixing the materials in proportion.
Comparative example 3
The same as in example 1, except that white lime was not added in step (2).
Comparative example 4
The same as in example 1, except that sodium oxide was not added in step (2).
Comparative example 5
The same as in example 1, except that the flow rate of the gas flow introduced during the melting in the electric arc furnace in step (2) was 5Nm 3 And/min, compressed air at 30 ℃.
Test example 1
The performance test was conducted on the spherical sand for casting prepared in examples 1 to 5 and comparative examples 1 to 5, and the test results are shown in Table 2.
The sphericity is calculated by measuring the laser scattering particle size distribution and the particle Stokes settlement equivalent particle size distribution simultaneously by a laser particle sizer; the detection method of the screening rate comprises the following steps: taking 100g of spherical sand for casting obtained by melting an electric arc furnace, sieving with a 20-40 mesh sieve, weighing the screened spherical sand for casting with qualified granularity, and calculating the proportion of the qualified spherical sand for casting; the surface porosity is determined by a V-sorb 2800P specific surface area and pore size analyzer through N 2 Measuring by an adsorption and desorption method; hardness of the mold the hardness of the mold molded by the standard static pressure molding method was examined by using a SYS-C type mold durometer.
TABLE 2
As can be seen from Table 1, the preparation method of the spherical sand for casting provided by the invention not only obtains high-quality spherical sand for casting, but also improves the screening rate of the spherical sand for casting by adding the white lime and the sodium oxide with specific mass ratio in the preparation process, and is suitable for industrial popularization.
The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above, but the present invention is not limited thereto. Within the scope of the technical idea of the invention, a number of simple variants of the technical solution of the invention are possible, including combinations of the individual technical features in any other suitable way, which simple variants and combinations should likewise be regarded as being disclosed by the invention, all falling within the scope of protection of the invention.
Claims (9)
1. A method of producing spherical sand for casting, the method comprising: mixing bauxite powder, white lime and sodium oxide, then carrying out arc melting and blowing, and then screening to obtain the spherical sand for casting;
wherein, the mass ratio of the bauxite powder to the white lime to the sodium oxide is 100:1-3:3-7;
the preparation method of the bauxite powder comprises the steps of crushing and calcining bauxite to obtain the bauxite powder;
wherein the bauxite comprises 60-75 parts by weight of alumina, 15-30 parts by weight of silicon oxide, 2-10 parts by weight of impurities and 5-15 parts by weight of burned matters;
wherein the operation conditions of the blowing include: the flow rate of the air flow is 15-20Nm 3 The temperature of the air flow is 15-25 ℃ per minute.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the operating conditions of the calcination include: the temperature rising rate of calcination is 2-10 ℃/min, the calcination temperature is 1000-1600 ℃ and the calcination time is 4-10h.
3. The method of making according to claim 2, wherein the operating conditions of the calcination include: the calcination temperature rising rate is 5-7 ℃/min, the calcination temperature is 1200-1400 ℃ and the calcination time is 6-8h.
4. The production method according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the bauxite powder has an average particle diameter of 1 to 10mm, the white lime has an average particle diameter of 1 to 10mm, and the sodium oxide has an average particle diameter of 1 to 10mm.
5. The production method according to claim 4, wherein the bauxite powder has an average particle diameter of 2 to 4mm, the white lime has an average particle diameter of 2 to 4mm, and the sodium oxide has an average particle diameter of 2 to 4mm.
6. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of bauxite powder, white lime and sodium oxide is 100:1.5-2.5:4.5-6.
7. The production method according to claim 1, wherein the arc melting temperature is 2000-2500 ℃.
8. The production method according to claim 7, wherein the arc melting temperature is 2100 to 2200 ℃.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein the operating conditions of blowing comprise: the flow rate of the air flow is 15-16Nm 3 The temperature of the air flow is 15-18 ℃ per minute.
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| CN202111157722.4A CN113976815B (en) | 2021-09-28 | 2021-09-28 | Spherical sand for casting and preparation method thereof |
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| CN202111157722.4A CN113976815B (en) | 2021-09-28 | 2021-09-28 | Spherical sand for casting and preparation method thereof |
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| CN113976815A (en) | 2022-01-28 |
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