CN113974048A - Supercritical wall breaking treatment method for coarse cereals - Google Patents
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L5/00—Preparation or treatment of foods or foodstuffs, in general; Food or foodstuffs obtained thereby; Materials therefor
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L11/00—Pulses, i.e. fruits of leguminous plants, for production of food; Products from legumes; Preparation or treatment thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L11/00—Pulses, i.e. fruits of leguminous plants, for production of food; Products from legumes; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L11/30—Removing undesirable substances, e.g. bitter substances
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L19/00—Products from fruits or vegetables; Preparation or treatment thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L25/00—Food consisting mainly of nutmeat or seeds; Preparation or treatment thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L5/00—Preparation or treatment of foods or foodstuffs, in general; Food or foodstuffs obtained thereby; Materials therefor
- A23L5/20—Removal of unwanted matter, e.g. deodorisation or detoxification
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L7/00—Cereal-derived products; Malt products; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L7/10—Cereal-derived products
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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- Nutrition Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
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Abstract
A supercritical wall breaking treatment method of coarse cereals comprises the steps of putting coarse cereals to be treated into a supercritical carbon dioxide high-pressure container, controlling the temperature of carbon dioxide to be 32-45 ℃ and the pressure to be 8-55 MPa, and utilizing the characteristic that the supercritical carbon dioxide can dissolve lipid, so that the carbon dioxide permeates into seeds under high pressure. After the mixed grain rice is acted for 2-8 hours, the pressure of carbon dioxide inside and outside the mixed grain rice seed cells is balanced and is quickly reduced, the carbon dioxide has a great impact effect on cell walls instantly due to the pressure difference between the inside and the outside, the mixed grain rice seed cells are expanded violently to break, the mixed grain rice after wall breaking is collected and packaged in vacuum, and then the mixed grain rice is reasonably proportioned and combined according to the complementary principle of several mixed grain rice proteins, so that the nutritional value of the mixed grain rice is improved, and the utilization rate of dietary fibers is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of food, and particularly relates to a supercritical wall breaking treatment method for coarse cereals.
Background
China is the country which pays attention to dietary nutrition and health relation at the earliest in the world, and is also the country which classifies food according to nutrition function at the earliest in the world. The famous diet mode of ' nourishing five cereals, assisting five fruits, benefiting five animals and supplementing five vegetables ' is proposed in Huangdi ' Nei Jing Su Wen, and a great deal of dietotherapy experience is summarized in Ming dynasty Li Shizhen ' Ben Cao gang mu '. Is consistent with the balance diet theory of the modern nutriology, such as the combination of grains as main ingredients, the combination of thickness and fineness, the combination of meat and vegetables and the combination of grains and beans. Theoretical research results and practice prove that reasonable nutritional diet is the most basic means and the most effective method for maintaining and promoting health and longevity.
Currently, some chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, tumors, diabetes, obesity, etc., have become common diseases seriously threatening human health. The world health organization defines a reasonable nutritional diet as one of four basic stones for ensuring health, namely, reasonable diet, proper exercise, smoking cessation, alcohol restriction and psychological balance. The national nutrition plan (2017-2030) emphasizes the importance of food health in disease prevention and treatment, and actively develops the food nutrition and health industry. Polished rice has been a staple food on dining tables of people for a long time, but the main component of the polished rice is starch, and the polished rice is seriously deficient in vitamins, dietary fibers, minerals and high-quality protein. At present, the number of chronic patient groups such as diabetes, people with excessive weight, chronic enteritis patients and the like exceeds 4 hundred million in China, and the control of chronic diseases becomes the key work point for maintaining national health. The occurrence of these chronic diseases is strongly related to improper diet, long-term consumption of too fine rice flour, excessive fat intake, and lack of proper exercise. The medicine supplement is not good as the food supplement, and the results of a great deal of nutrition research show that the unicity of food can cause the imbalance of nutrition in human bodies, thereby causing various nutritional deficiency diseases.
The cooking process of the coarse cereals is complex and time-consuming, the ideal effects on taste, nutrition, flavor and digestion characteristics cannot be achieved, the nutritional ingredients are not easy to be absorbed by human bodies, and the problem is well solved by the supercritical wall breaking treatment of the coarse cereals.
Disclosure of Invention
The method of the invention utilizes the characteristic that the supercritical carbon dioxide can dissolve lipid, firstly, the cell walls on the outer skin and the lipid-soluble substances on the membrane of the grain seeds are dissolved, so that the supercritical carbon dioxide is easy to permeate, finally, the cell walls of the outer skin of the seeds are collapsed, and a large amount of supercritical carbon dioxide permeates into the seeds under high pressure. Under the condition of keeping a certain temperature and pressure, after a period of time, the pressure of carbon dioxide inside and outside the grain coarse cereal seed cells reaches balance, the pressure is rapidly reduced, when the external pressure is rapidly reduced, the existing internal and external pressure difference enables the carbon dioxide to have a great impact effect on cell walls in the twinkling of an eye, so that the grain coarse cereal seed cells are expanded violently and are broken, and the high wall-breaking rate of the cell walls, especially the outer skins of the grain coarse cereal seeds, is reached.
A supercritical wall breaking treatment method for coarse cereals is characterized in that the moisture content of the coarse cereals to be treated is controlled to be 4-20%, the coarse cereals are placed into a supercritical carbon dioxide high-pressure container, the temperature of carbon dioxide is controlled to be 32-45 ℃, the pressure is controlled to be 8-55 MPa, after 2-8 hours of action, a pressure release valve is opened to evacuate carbon dioxide to a storage tank (which can be repeatedly used) in a short time, the coarse cereals after wall breaking are collected and packaged in vacuum, and then reasonable proportioning and combination are carried out according to the complementary principle of several kinds of coarse cereal protein, so that the nutritional value of the coarse cereals is improved, and meanwhile, the utilization rate of dietary fibers is improved. The coarse cereals are one of brown rice, corn, wheat, millet, black rice, coix seed, red bean, mung bean, soybean, black bean, pea, black sesame, buckwheat, oat and the like, and further generally refer to all crops which can be eaten and are protected by shells, for example, red dates can also be treated by the method. According to the complementary principle of several kinds of coarse grain protein, the reasonable proportioning combination is that several kinds of grains, or porridge or rice balls are combined by adopting the traditional method; the lipid-lowering and weight-losing porridge is recommended to be decocted according to the following mixture ratio: 30 parts of corn, 30 parts of millet, 30 parts of oat, 15 parts of buckwheat, 10 parts of brown rice, 10 parts of coix seed, 2 parts of soybean and 1 part of mung bean; the toxin-expelling, face-beautifying and weight-losing porridge is recommended to be decocted according to the following mixture ratio: 30 parts of brown rice, 20 parts of corn, 10 parts of millet, 15 parts of black rice, 20 parts of buckwheat, 10 parts of black bean, 10 parts of red bean, 10 parts of soybean, 10 parts of black sesame and 20 parts of red date.
The invention has the advantages that:
1. the carbon dioxide has low price, low working pressure (below 55 MPa), simple flow, greatly reduced equipment investment and capability of recycling the carbon dioxide in the actual operation process.
2. The wall breaking process is simple, and the equipment requirement is not high, so the wall breaking cost is low.
3. The unification of the processes of wall breaking and sterilization is realized in the process of wall breaking of cells.
4. The invention is dry wall breaking, the moisture content of the coarse cereals is within the national quality standard range, and no additional treatment is needed.
5. The whole nutritional ingredients of the coarse cereals are comprehensively preserved, are convenient to cook and are easy to absorb by a human body.
6. The invention is low temperature wall breaking, the whole process is carried out at lower temperature (below 45 ℃), the influence of thermal denaturation of the product is reduced, and the active ingredients are completely preserved.
7. The invention has the advantages of simple operation, high production efficiency, energy saving, no waste which pollutes the environment, low equipment operation cost, less energy consumption and low production cost, and is very suitable for industrialized large-scale production.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples.
Example 1:
weighing 500g of oat, controlling the water content of the oat to be treated at 4-20%, placing the oat into a supercritical 2L carbon dioxide high-pressure container, controlling the temperature of carbon dioxide in the high-pressure container to 35 ℃, boosting with carbon dioxide with the purity of 99%, keeping the pressure at 35MPa for 6 hours, opening a pressure relief valve to evacuate the carbon dioxide to a storage tank (which can be repeatedly used) in a short time, collecting the oat subjected to wall breaking, vacuum bagging, detecting by an electron microscope, wherein most of the oat bran is in a wall breaking state, and substances such as soluble dietary fiber beta glucan and the like contained in the oat bran are easily absorbed by a human body through ordinary cooking, and the processing time is greatly shortened.
Example 2:
weighing 300g of black beans, controlling the water content of the black beans to be treated at 4-20%, placing the black beans into a supercritical 1L carbon dioxide high-pressure container, controlling the temperature of carbon dioxide in the high-pressure container to be 38 ℃, boosting with carbon dioxide with the purity of 99%, keeping the pressure at 45MPa for 7 hours, opening a pressure relief valve to evacuate carbon dioxide to a storage tank (which can be repeatedly used) in a short time, collecting the black beans subjected to wall breaking, vacuum bagging, detecting by an electron microscope, most of the outer parts of the black beans are in a wall breaking state, particularly soybean hulls, and substances such as contained amino acid and the like are easily absorbed by a human body through ordinary cooking.
Example 3:
weighing 300g of corn, controlling the water content of the corn to be treated at 4-20%, placing the corn into a supercritical 1L carbon dioxide high-pressure container, controlling the temperature of carbon dioxide in the high-pressure container to 36 ℃, boosting the pressure with carbon dioxide with the purity of 99%, keeping the pressure at 38MPa for 6 hours, opening a pressure relief valve to evacuate the carbon dioxide to a storage tank (which can be repeatedly used) in a short time, collecting the corn subjected to wall breaking, vacuum bagging, detecting by an electron microscope, wherein most of the outside of the corn is in a wall breaking state, and substances such as protein, fat, vitamins, trace elements, cellulose and the like contained in the corn are easily absorbed by a human body through ordinary cooking.
Example 4:
weighing 300g of brown rice, controlling the water content of the brown rice to be treated to be 4-20%, placing the brown rice into a supercritical 1L carbon dioxide high-pressure container, controlling the temperature of carbon dioxide in the high-pressure container to be 35 ℃, boosting the pressure by using carbon dioxide with the purity of 99%, keeping the pressure at 35MPa for 5 hours, opening a pressure relief valve to evacuate the carbon dioxide to a storage tank (which can be repeatedly used) in a short time, collecting the brown rice subjected to wall breaking, vacuum bagging, detecting by an electron microscope, wherein most of the outside of the brown rice is in a wall breaking state, and various nutritional ingredients such as protein, fat, vitamins, minerals, dietary fibers, oryzanol, glutathione, gamma-aminobutyric acid, rice bran polysaccharide, octacosanol, inositol and the like contained in the brown rice are easily absorbed by a human body through common cooking.
Example 5:
weighing 300g of sorghum, controlling the water content of the sorghum to be treated to be 4-20%, placing the sorghum into a supercritical 1L carbon dioxide high-pressure container, controlling the temperature of carbon dioxide in the high-pressure container to be 40 ℃, boosting with carbon dioxide with the purity of 99%, keeping the pressure at 35MPa for 4 hours, opening a pressure relief valve to evacuate the carbon dioxide to a storage tank (which can be repeatedly used) in a short time, collecting the sorghum subjected to wall breaking, vacuum bagging, detecting by an electron microscope, wherein most of the outside of the sorghum is in a wall breaking state, and proteins, crude fats, crude fibers, trace elements such as calcium, phosphorus, iron and the like, and various nutritional ingredients such as vitamins and the like contained in the sorghum are easily absorbed by a human body through common cooking.
Example 6:
weighing 300g of red dates, controlling the water content of the red dates to be treated at 4-20%, placing the red dates into a supercritical 1L carbon dioxide high-pressure container, controlling the temperature of carbon dioxide in the high-pressure container to be 35 ℃, boosting the pressure with carbon dioxide with the purity of 99%, keeping the pressure at 20MPa for 4 hours, opening a pressure relief valve to evacuate the carbon dioxide to a storage tank (which can be repeatedly used) in a short time, collecting the red dates subjected to wall breaking, vacuum bagging, detecting by an electron microscope, wherein most of the peel of the red dates is in a wall breaking state, and the red dates contain fibers, trace elements, vitamins and other various nutritional ingredients, and are easily absorbed by a human body through ordinary cooking.
Claims (3)
1. A supercritical wall breaking treatment method for coarse cereals is characterized in that the moisture content of the coarse cereals to be treated is controlled to be 4-20%, the coarse cereals are placed into a supercritical carbon dioxide high-pressure container, the temperature of carbon dioxide is controlled to be 32-45 ℃, the pressure is controlled to be 8-55 MPa, after 2-8 hours of action, a pressure release valve is opened to evacuate carbon dioxide to a storage tank (which can be repeatedly used) in a short time, the coarse cereals after wall breaking are collected and packaged in vacuum, and then reasonable proportioning and combination are carried out according to the complementary principle of several kinds of coarse cereal protein, so that the nutritional value of the coarse cereals is improved, and meanwhile, the utilization rate of dietary fibers is improved.
2. The mixed grain cereal of claim 1, wherein: the coarse cereals are one of brown rice, corn, wheat, millet, black rice, coix seed, red bean, mung bean, soybean, black bean, pea, black sesame, buckwheat, oat and the like, and further generally refer to all crops which can be eaten and are protected by shells, for example, red dates can also be treated by the method.
3. The reasonable proportioning and combination according to the complementary principle of several types of coarse cereal protein as claimed in claim 1 means that several types of grains, or porridge or rice balls are combined by adopting the traditional method; the lipid-lowering and weight-losing porridge is recommended to be decocted according to the following mixture ratio: 30 parts of corn, 30 parts of millet, 30 parts of oat, 15 parts of buckwheat, 10 parts of brown rice, 10 parts of coix seed, 2 parts of soybean and 1 part of mung bean; the toxin-expelling, face-beautifying and weight-losing porridge is recommended to be decocted according to the following mixture ratio: 30 parts of brown rice, 20 parts of corn, 10 parts of millet, 15 parts of black rice, 20 parts of buckwheat, 10 parts of black bean, 10 parts of red bean, 10 parts of soybean, 10 parts of black sesame and 20 parts of red date.
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| CN101268815A (en) * | 2008-02-26 | 2008-09-24 | 中国农业科学院蜜蜂研究所 | Supercritical carbonic anhydride wall-breaking method for melissa powder |
| CN101554211A (en) * | 2009-01-05 | 2009-10-14 | 王艺瑾 | Technique and industrial device for refining rice by supercritical polybasic fluid |
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| CN101268815A (en) * | 2008-02-26 | 2008-09-24 | 中国农业科学院蜜蜂研究所 | Supercritical carbonic anhydride wall-breaking method for melissa powder |
| CN101554211A (en) * | 2009-01-05 | 2009-10-14 | 王艺瑾 | Technique and industrial device for refining rice by supercritical polybasic fluid |
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| CN116725104A (en) * | 2023-07-17 | 2023-09-12 | 广西国茗金花茶科技有限公司 | Processing method of golden camellia |
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