CN113970065B - LNG emergency gasification device and method with adjustable heat value - Google Patents
LNG emergency gasification device and method with adjustable heat value Download PDFInfo
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- CN113970065B CN113970065B CN202111321519.6A CN202111321519A CN113970065B CN 113970065 B CN113970065 B CN 113970065B CN 202111321519 A CN202111321519 A CN 202111321519A CN 113970065 B CN113970065 B CN 113970065B
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C9/00—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied or solidified gases from vessels not under pressure
- F17C9/02—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied or solidified gases from vessels not under pressure with change of state, e.g. vaporisation
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17D—PIPE-LINE SYSTEMS; PIPE-LINES
- F17D1/00—Pipe-line systems
- F17D1/02—Pipe-line systems for gases or vapours
- F17D1/04—Pipe-line systems for gases or vapours for distribution of gas
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17D—PIPE-LINE SYSTEMS; PIPE-LINES
- F17D1/00—Pipe-line systems
- F17D1/08—Pipe-line systems for liquids or viscous products
- F17D1/082—Pipe-line systems for liquids or viscous products for cold fluids, e.g. liquefied gas
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17D—PIPE-LINE SYSTEMS; PIPE-LINES
- F17D3/00—Arrangements for supervising or controlling working operations
- F17D3/01—Arrangements for supervising or controlling working operations for controlling, signalling, or supervising the conveyance of a product
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17D—PIPE-LINE SYSTEMS; PIPE-LINES
- F17D5/00—Protection or supervision of installations
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2270/00—Applications
- F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
- F17C2270/0134—Applications for fluid transport or storage placed above the ground
- F17C2270/0139—Fuel stations
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- Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to an LNG emergency gasification device with an adjustable heat value and a method thereof, wherein the device comprises an LNG gasification system, a pressure regulating and metering system and a heat value balancing system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an LNG emergency gasification device and method, which can realize LNG emergency gasification, can stabilize a heat value according to user requirements, and meet the requirements of users on natural gas combustion conditions.
Background
With the adjustment of urban energy structures in China and the rapid development of the natural gas industry, natural gas becomes the first choice gas source for urban gas pipeline supply, more and more cities realize pipeline natural gas supply, and the industrial and civil fields are rapidly developed. In the natural gas supply process, the emergency maintenance operation of the natural gas pipeline can be frequently touched, the LNG emergency gas supply device is adopted to carry out regional emergency gas supply, the gas stop accidents in the operation process can be effectively reduced or even eliminated, the safety risk caused by gas supply recovery is avoided, and the safe and continuous gas supply for users is ensured.
Meanwhile, with the rapid development of industrial technology intellectualization, customers put higher requirements on convenience of equipment use and management and rapidness of operation and maintenance, and the safety is more and more emphasized as a serious subject of the energy industry. The equipment intellectualization is enhanced, the equipment safety is improved, and the equipment operation and maintenance cost is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides an LNG emergency gasification device with an adjustable heat value, which can be applied to a direct supply mode of an LNG tank car or a liquid supply mode of an LNG storage tank and is applied to maintenance or short-term use of a peak shaving station and a natural gas station.
The LNG emergency gasification device with the adjustable heat value comprises an LNG gasification system, a pressure regulating and metering system and a heat value balancing system, wherein:
the LNG gasification system comprises a combustor, a gasifier and a condenser which are connected in sequence, wherein an LNG liquid inlet pipeline is connected with an LNG inlet of the gasifier, preferably comprises a first LNG liquid inlet pipeline and a second LNG liquid inlet pipeline which are converged into a total LNG liquid inlet pipeline connected with the LNG inlet of the gasifier, an NG gas outlet pipeline of the gasifier is connected with a downstream gas utilization pipeline,
the outlet of the burner is connected with the heating medium inlet of the gasifier, the heating medium outlet of the gasifier is connected with the condenser through a pipeline, the gas outlet of the condenser is connected with the flue gas emission pipeline,
wherein, a branch pipe is branched from an NG gas outlet pipeline of the gasifier and is connected with an inlet of the combustor,
the pressure-regulating metering system comprises a first cut-off valve arranged on an LNG liquid inlet pipeline, a second cut-off valve arranged on an NG outlet pipeline of the gasifier, a first pressure regulating valve, a first flowmeter, a second pressure regulating valve and a third cut-off valve arranged on one branch pipe (natural gas inlet combustor pipeline) branched from the NG gas outlet pipeline of the gasifier;
the calorific value balance system comprises an air compression device connected with an NG gas outlet pipeline of the gasifier through an air pipeline and a calorific value instrument arranged on the NG gas outlet pipeline at the downstream of the connection, a buffer tank, a second flow meter and a flow regulating valve are sequentially arranged on the air pipeline, the outlet of the air compression device is connected with the inlet of the buffer tank, the outlet of the buffer tank is connected with the NG gas outlet pipeline through the second flow meter, the flow regulating valve and a fourth automatic cut-off valve, the calorific value instrument is arranged at the downstream of the NG gas outlet pipeline at the connection of the NG gas outlet pipeline, the calorific value instrument and the flow regulating valve and/or the fourth automatic cut-off valve are controlled in an interlocking mode, the gas mixing proportion can be adjusted in real time, and when the volume percentage content of natural gas is close to or equal to 2 times of the upper explosion limit, an automatic alarm is given and the air source is cut off. The mixing amount of the air is strictly controlled to ensure that the volume percentage of the natural gas is higher than 2 times of the explosion limit of the natural gas.
An air relief pipeline and a third safety valve can be further arranged on the air pipeline, a third pressure regulating valve is arranged on the air relief pipeline, and when the line pressure of the air pipeline exceeds 4.4Barg, the third safety valve jumps to protect the system from overpressure.
The gasifier is preferably an immersion combustion type gasifier, the burner, the heat exchange tube and the shell are integrally designed, and fuel gas is taken from a gasified gas source without an external gas source.
The air compressor arrangement may further comprise a drying arrangement for drying the air, for example a dryer connected after the air compressor.
Further, a safety relief pipeline is connected to an NG gas outlet pipeline of the gasifier, and a first safety valve and a flame arrester are sequentially arranged on the safety relief pipeline.
Further, the gasifier includes a circulating water line having one end connected to the bottom of the gasifier and one end connected to the top of the gasifier. When the device operates, two outlets are adopted at the bottom of the gasifier QHQ to discharge water simultaneously, and the circulating pump is utilized to rapidly circulate the heat exchange water in the gasifier, so that the heat exchange efficiency is improved.
Further, the gasifier comprises a gasifier drain line, one end of the gasifier drain line is connected with the bottom of the gasifier, and the other end of the gasifier drain line is connected with the sewage disposal pool. The pipeline is mainly used for discharging heat exchange water in the gasifier when the device is not used for a long time.
Further, a liquid level meter for detecting the liquid level inside the gasifier, a gasifier temperature meter for detecting the temperature inside the gasifier, and a gasifier pressure gauge (second pressure gauge) for detecting the pressure inside the gasifier are arranged in the gasifier. A branch pipe (natural gas inlet burner pipe) branched from an NG gas outlet pipe of the gasifier is provided with a first pressure gauge for detecting the internal pressure of the branch pipe. When the liquid level of the gasifier is less than or equal to 85 percent of the height of QHQ, or the pressure of a branch pipe branched from an NG gas outlet pipeline of the gasifier is more than or equal to 15kPa, or the internal pressure of the gasifier is more than or equal to 20kPa, or the internal temperature of the gasifier is more than or equal to 75 ℃, the third stop valve automatically cuts off and gives an alarm.
Further, the emergent gasification equipment of LNG still includes the gas leakage alarm.
Furthermore, a third pressure gauge and a second thermometer are arranged on an NG gas outlet pipeline of the gasifier, and if the temperature of the gasifier outlet pipeline is less than or equal to-10 ℃ or the pressure is greater than or equal to 4Barg or the gas leakage alarm device gives a gas leakage alarm, the first automatic cut-off valve gives an alarm and automatically cuts off the alarm.
Furthermore, be equipped with the manual valve of first manual valve and second on first LNG feed liquor pipeline and the second LNG feed liquor pipeline respectively. The LNG tank wagon or the LNG storage tank goes out the liquid pipeline can be connected to the one end of first LNG feed liquor pipeline and second LNG feed liquor pipeline, and the LNG import of vaporizer is connected to the other end (after converging).
Furthermore, a second safety valve is arranged on the gasifier shell to protect the gasifier. When the shell side of the gasifier is cracked, LNG and NG are leaked to the shell side to cause the shell side pressure of the gasifier to be more than or equal to 8Barg, and the LNG and NG are released through a second safety valve.
The invention further provides an LNG emergency gasification method with an adjustable heat value, which comprises the following steps:
1) LNG liquid inlet step: LNG is supplied to the gasifier through an LNG liquid inlet pipeline, two LNG liquid inlet pipelines, namely a first LNG liquid inlet pipeline and a second LNG liquid inlet pipeline are preferably selected for ensuring continuous liquid supply of the LNG, and the two pipelines can be switched to be used through a first manual valve and a second manual valve, so that liquid break is avoided;
2) LNG gasification step: when the device is started, a valve on an LNG liquid inlet pipeline, such as a first manual valve or a second manual valve, is opened at a small flow rate, so that LNG at a small flow rate (such as 1-10% or 2-5% of the full flow rate, and further about 3% of the full flow rate) slowly enters a gasifier through a liquid inlet pipeline, is gasified through heat exchange with water, is subjected to pressure regulation to 6-12kPa, further 8-11kPa, such as about 10kPa, through a second pressure regulating valve of a natural gas inlet pipeline, and enters a burner for combustion. The process is to provide a fuel gas source to the burner prior to full flow gasification. When the water temperature of the vaporizer reaches above 55 ℃, preferably above 58 ℃, preferably above 60 ℃, a valve on an LNG liquid inlet pipeline is completely opened to start full-flow liquid inlet vaporization, and at the moment, a second automatic cut-off valve on an NG gas outlet pipeline is automatically opened to start an LNG full-flow vaporization process;
3) Natural gas pressure regulating step: after LNG gasification begins, a first pressure regulating valve on an NG gas outlet pipeline automatically detects the pressure behind the first pressure regulating valve, regulates the pressure to 2-5 Barg, preferably 3-4 Barg, and enters a downstream gas pipe network;
4) Fuel gas gasification pressure regulating step: after the LNG is gasified by the gasifier, taking gas from the NG gas outlet line in an amount of about 1-10% or 2-5%, preferably about 3%, of the total gas amount in the NG gas outlet line, adjusting the pressure to 6-12kPa, further 8-11kPa, for example about 10kPa, and burning the gas in the burner;
5) A heat value stabilizing step: after the air is compressed by the air compression device and is optionally dried, the pressure reaches 2 to 6Barg, preferably 3 to 5Barg, such as 4Barg, the air is metered by a first flow meter (preferably a turbine flow meter) and a second flow meter (preferably an orifice plate flow meter) through a buffer tank, the flow ratio F2/F1 of the second flow meter to the first flow meter is less than or equal to 3 percent (volume), such as 1 to 3 percent, so that the opening of a flow regulating valve is regulated, and the natural gas enters an LNG gasifier and then enters a pipeline to regulate the heat value of the natural gas.
In the step 1), if the temperature of the NG gas outlet pipeline (gasifier outlet pipeline) is less than or equal to minus 10 ℃ or the pressure is more than or equal to 4Barg, or a gas leakage alarm gives an alarm, the first automatic cut-off valve gives an alarm and automatically cuts off the alarm.
In the step 2), when in gasification, if the temperature of the NG gas outlet pipeline (gasifier outlet pipeline) is less than or equal to 0 ℃ or the pressure is less than or equal to 1Barg, or a gas leakage alarm gives a gas leakage alarm, the first automatic cut-off valve gives an alarm and automatically cuts off the gas leakage alarm.
In the step 3), if the temperature T2 of the outlet pipeline of the gasifier is less than or equal to minus 10 ℃ or the pressure P3 of the outlet pipeline of the gasifier is more than or equal to 4Barg, or the gas leakage alarm gives an alarm when the gas leakage occurs, the second automatic cut-off valve gives an alarm and automatically cuts off the alarm.
In the step 4), when the liquid level LT001 of the gasifier is less than or equal to 85% of the height of the gasifier, or the pressure of a fuel gas pipeline (a pipeline for natural gas to enter the combustor) is more than or equal to 15kpa, or the pressure of the gasifier is more than or equal to 20kpa, or the temperature of the gasifier is more than or equal to 75 ℃, the third automatic cut-off valve automatically cuts off and gives an alarm.
In the step 5), when the pressure of the air pipeline exceeds 4.4Barg, the third safety valve jumps to protect the system from overpressure, and the function is mainly suitable for places where stable heat value is needed for gas utilization of factory enterprises.
In the step 5), the specific regulation proportion of the metering ratio F2/F1 of the second flowmeter (orifice plate flowmeter) and the first flowmeter (turbine flowmeter) is regulated according to the gas quality requirement and the gas quality requirement used by a user, and when the metering ratio F2/F1 of the second flowmeter (orifice plate flowmeter) and the first flowmeter (turbine flowmeter) exceeds a set value or a heat value meter exceeds a set value, the fourth automatic cut-off valve is automatically cut off.
In this application, "optionally" means that subsequent operations or steps may or may not be performed.
The invention has the advantages that:
the invention is mainly suitable for the emergency maintenance of the LNG gasification station or the natural gas station, can ensure the use requirements of different gas volumes of the station, can also be suitable for the emergency use of the enterprise natural gas, and meets the requirement of stable heat value of the combustion medium of the enterprise. According to the device provided by the invention, regional emergency air supply can be provided, air-off accidents in the operation process are effectively reduced or even eliminated, the safety risk caused by air supply recovery is avoided, the safe and continuous air supply of a user is ensured, and the gas-air metering ratio F1/F2 can be adjusted according to the gas quality requirement and the gas quality requirement of the user.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an LNG emergency gasification apparatus with an adjustable heating value according to the present invention.
Description of reference numerals:
l1-a first LNG liquid inlet pipeline, L2-a second LNG liquid inlet pipeline, L3-a natural gas inlet burner pipeline, L4-a safe emission pipeline, L5-a flue gas discharge pipeline, L6-an NG gas outlet pipeline, L7-a clean discharge pipeline, L8-an air pipeline and L9-a circulating water pipeline;
QHQ — gasifier; RSQ-burner; XV1 to XV 4-first to fourth automatic cut-off valves; V1-V7-first-seventh manual valves; ZH1 to ZH3 — first to third check valves;
PSV 1-PSV 3-first-third safety valves; PV 1-PV 3-first-third pressure regulating valves; f1 — first flow meter (turbine flow meter); f2 — second flow meter (orifice meter);
P1-P3-first to third pressure gauges, T1-T2-first to second thermometers;
GE 101-gas leakage alarm device;
FV 1-flow regulating valve (equal proportional flow regulating valve); PU 1-circulating water pump; r1-a condenser; r2-an air buffer tank; c1-air compression device, M1-heat value instrument.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, the LNG emergency gasification device with an adjustable heat value comprises an LNG gasification system, a pressure regulating and metering system and a heat value balancing system, wherein:
the LNG gasification system comprises a burner RSQ, a gasifier QHQ and a condenser R1 which are connected in sequence, wherein in the embodiment shown in figure 1, an LNG liquid inlet pipeline comprises a first LNG liquid inlet pipeline L1 and a second LNG liquid inlet pipeline L2, a total LNG liquid inlet pipeline formed by converging the first LNG liquid inlet pipeline and the second LNG liquid inlet pipeline is connected with an LNG inlet of the gasifier QHQ, an NG gas outlet pipeline L6 of the gasifier QHQ is connected with a downstream gas using pipeline through a third manual valve V3,
the outlet of the burner RSQ is connected with the heating medium inlet of the gasifier, the heating medium outlet of the gasifier is connected with the condenser R1 through the pipeline (flue gas discharge pipeline) L5, the gas outlet of the condenser R1 is connected with the flue gas diffusion pipeline,
wherein, an NG gas outlet line L6 of the gasifier QHQ is branched into a branch pipe L3 (i.e., a natural gas inlet burner line) to be connected with an inlet of the burner RSQ,
the pressure regulating and metering system comprises a first cut-off valve XV1 arranged on an LNG liquid inlet pipeline (a total LNG liquid inlet pipeline), a second cut-off valve XV2 arranged on an NG outlet pipeline of the gasifier, a first pressure regulating valve PV1, a first flow meter F1, a second pressure regulating valve PV2 and a third cut-off valve XV3 arranged on a branch pipe L3 (a natural gas inlet burner pipeline) branched from the NG gas outlet pipeline of the gasifier;
the heat value balance system comprises an air compression device C1 connected with an NG gas outlet pipeline of a gasifier through an air pipeline L8 and a heat value instrument M1 arranged on the NG gas outlet pipeline at the downstream of the connection, a buffer tank R2, a second flow meter F2 and a flow regulating valve FV1 are sequentially arranged on the air pipeline, the outlet of the air compression device C1 is connected with the inlet of the buffer tank R2, the outlet of the buffer tank R2 is connected with the NG gas outlet pipeline through the second flow meter F2, the flow regulating valve FV1 and a fourth automatic cut-off valve XV4, the downstream of the NG gas outlet pipeline at the connection of the NG gas outlet pipeline is provided with the heat value instrument M1, wherein the heat value instrument M1 is interlocked and controlled with the flow regulating valve FV1 and/or the fourth automatic cut-off valve XV4, the gas mixing proportion can be adjusted in real time, and when the volume percentage content of natural gas is close to or equal to 2 times of the upper explosion limit, the air source is automatically alarmed and cut off. The mixing amount of the air is strictly controlled to ensure that the volume percentage of the natural gas is higher than 2 times of the explosion limit of the natural gas.
An air relief line and a third safety valve PSV3 can be further arranged on the air line L8, a third pressure regulating valve PV3 is arranged on the air relief line, and when the air line pressure exceeds 4.4Barg, the third safety valve PSV3 jumps to protect the system from overpressure. The air line L8 is preferably connected between the first flow meter F1 and the calorific value meter M1 of the NG outlet line, the first flow meter F1 is preferably connected after the second automatic cut valve XV2 and the first pressure regulating valve PV1, and the third pressure gauge P3 and the second temperature gauge T2 are preferably connected before the second automatic cut valve XV2 and the first pressure regulating valve PV1 (i.e., closer to the NG gas outlet of the gasifier). A third check valve ZH3 may further be included in the air line, preferably arranged after the fourth automatic shut-off valve XV4, to check the air into the gasifier NG gas outlet line L6.
The air compressing device C1 may further include a drying device connected after the compressor for drying the air, which is then introduced into the buffer tank R2.
An air relief pipeline and a third safety valve PSV3 can be further arranged on the air pipeline of the gasifier QHQ, a third pressure regulating valve PV3 is arranged on the air relief pipeline, and when the air pipeline pressure exceeds 4.4Barg, the third safety valve PSV3 jumps up to protect the system from overpressure.
The gasifier is preferably an immersion combustion type gasifier, the burner, the heat exchange tube and the shell are integrally designed, and fuel gas is taken from a gasified gas source without an external gas source.
First manual valve V1 and the manual valve V2 of second can be equipped with respectively on first LNG feed liquor pipeline L1 and the second LNG feed liquor pipeline L2, and the respective low reaches of first manual valve V1 and the manual valve V2 of second can be equipped with first check valve ZH1 and second check valve ZH2. The LNG tank wagon or the LNG storage tank goes out the liquid pipeline, and the LNG import of vaporizer is connected to the other end (after joining) in the one end joinable LNG feed liquor pipeline L1 of first LNG feed liquor pipeline L2 and second LNG feed liquor pipeline L2. The L1 and L2 pipelines can be connected or switched to use at the same time.
The natural gas is advanced combustor pipeline L3 one end and is connected vaporizer outlet line, and combustor inlet line is connected to one end, and this pipeline main function is got the natural gas and is supplied the combustor to use, provides the heat source for LNG vaporizer QHQ.
And a safety relief pipeline L4 is connected to the NG gas outlet pipeline of the gasifier, and a first safety valve PSV1 and a flame arrester FA1 are sequentially arranged on the safety relief pipeline. One end of the safety diffusing pipeline L4 is connected with an NG gas outlet pipeline L6 of the gasifier QHQ, and the other end of the safety diffusing pipeline is vented to the atmosphere after passing through the flame arrester FA1, so that overpressure of the system is avoided.
The gasifier comprises a circulating water pipeline L9, one end of which is connected with the bottom of the gasifier and the other end is connected with the top of the gasifier. When the device operates, water is discharged from the bottom of the gasifier through two outlets simultaneously, a fifth manual valve V5 and a sixth manual valve V6 are arranged on the two outlet pipelines respectively, a fourth manual valve V4 can be further arranged after the two outlet pipelines are converged, and heat exchange water in the gasifier is circulated quickly by utilizing the circulating water pump PU1, so that the heat exchange efficiency is improved.
The gasifier comprises a gasifier exhaust pipeline V7, one end of which is connected with the bottom of the gasifier and the other end is connected with the sewage disposal pool. The pipeline is mainly used for discharging heat exchange water in the gasifier when the device is not used for a long time.
The gasifier is internally provided with a liquid level meter LT001 for detecting the liquid level inside the gasifier, a gasifier thermometer T1 for detecting the temperature inside the gasifier and a gasifier pressure gauge P2 for detecting the pressure inside the gasifier. A first pressure gauge P1 for detecting the internal pressure of a branch pipe is provided in the branch pipe from which an NG gas outlet line of a gasifier is branched. When the liquid level of the gasifier detected by the liquid level meter is less than or equal to 85% of the height of QHQ, or the pressure of a branch pipe branched from an NG gas outlet pipeline of the gasifier detected by the first pressure gauge P1 is more than or equal to 15kpa, or the internal pressure of the gasifier detected by the gasifier pressure gauge (or the second pressure gauge) P2 is more than or equal to 20kpa, or the internal temperature of the gasifier detected by the gasifier temperature gauge T1 is more than or equal to 75 ℃, the third cutoff valve XV3 automatically cuts off and gives an alarm.
A third pressure gauge P3 and a second temperature gauge T2 are further arranged on an NG gas outlet pipeline L6 of the gasifier, if the temperature T2 of the gasifier outlet pipeline L6 is less than or equal to minus 10 ℃ or P3 is greater than or equal to 4Barg, or a gas leakage alarm GE101 gives a gas leakage alarm, and an outlet cut-off valve XV1 gives an alarm and automatically cuts off the alarm.
And a second safety valve PSV2 is arranged on the gasifier shell to protect the gasifier. When the gasifier shell side is broken, LNG and NG leak to the shell side to cause the gasifier shell side pressure P2 to be more than or equal to 8Barg, the LNG and NG are diffused through a second safety valve PSV 2.
The invention further provides an LNG emergency gasification method with an adjustable heat value, which comprises the following steps:
1) LNG liquid inlet step: LNG is supplied to the vaporizer through an LNG liquid inlet pipeline, two LNG liquid inlet pipelines are preferably selected for ensuring continuous liquid supply of the LNG, a first LNG liquid inlet pipeline L1 and a second LNG liquid inlet pipeline L2 can be switched to be used through a first manual valve V1 and a second manual valve V2, and liquid break is avoided;
2) LNG gasification step: when the device is started, a valve on an LNG liquid inlet pipeline, such as a first manual valve V1 or a second manual valve V2, is opened by a small flow rate, so that the small flow rate (such as 1-10% of the full flow rate and further about 3%) LNG slowly enters a gasifier through the liquid inlet pipeline, is gasified by heat exchange with water, enters a second pressure regulating valve of a burner pipeline through natural gas, is regulated to 6-12kPa, further 8-11kPa, such as about 10kPa, and enters a burner for combustion. The process provides a fuel gas source for the combustor prior to full flow gasification. When the water temperature T1 of the vaporizer QHQ reaches above 60 ℃, a valve (such as V1 or V2) on an LNG liquid inlet pipeline is completely opened, full-flow liquid inlet vaporization is started, and at the moment, a second automatic cut-off valve XV2 on an NG gas outlet pipeline L6 pipeline is automatically opened to start an LNG full-flow vaporization process;
3) Natural gas pressure regulating step: after LNG gasification begins, a first pressure regulating valve PV1 on an NG gas outlet pipeline L6 automatically detects the pressure behind the first pressure regulating valve PV1, regulates the pressure to 2-5 Barg, preferably 3-4 Barg, and enters a downstream gas pipe network;
4) Fuel gas gasification pressure regulating step: after the LNG is gasified by the gasifier QHQ, a gas is taken from the NG gas outlet line L6, the gas amount is about 1 to 10%, preferably about 3%, of the total gas amount in the NG gas outlet line, the pressure is adjusted to 6 to 12kPa, further 8 to 11kPa, for example about 10kPa, and then the gas is fed into the combustor to be combusted;
5) A heat value stabilizing step: after the air is compressed by the air compression device C1 and is optionally dried, the pressure reaches 2 to 6Barg, preferably 3 to 5Barg, for example 4Barg, the air is metered by a second flowmeter F2 (an orifice plate flowmeter) and a first flowmeter (a turbine flowmeter) F1 through a buffer tank R2, the ratio F2/F1 is less than or equal to 3 percent (volume), for example 1 to 3 percent, so that the opening degree of a flow regulating valve FV1 is regulated, and the air enters an LNG gasifier and then enters a pipeline to regulate the heat value of the natural gas.
In the step 1), if the temperature T2 of an NG gas outlet pipeline (gasifier outlet pipeline) L6 is less than or equal to minus 10 ℃ or P3 is more than or equal to 4Barg, or a gas leakage alarm GE101 gives an alarm for gas leakage, a first automatic cut-off valve XV1 gives an alarm and is automatically cut off.
In the step 2), when gasifying, if the temperature T2 of an NG gas outlet pipeline (gasifier outlet pipeline) L6 is less than or equal to 0 ℃ or P3 is less than or equal to 1Barg, or a gas leakage alarm GE101 gives an alarm for gas leakage, the first automatic cut-off valve XV1 gives an alarm and is automatically cut off.
In the step 3), if the temperature T2 of the gasifier outlet pipeline L6 is less than or equal to minus 10 ℃ or P3 is more than or equal to 4Barg, or the gas leakage alarm GE101 gives an alarm for gas leakage, the second automatic cut-off valve XV2 gives an alarm and is automatically cut off.
In the step 4), when the liquid level LT001 of the gasifier is less than or equal to the height 85% of QHQ, or the pressure P1 of a fuel gas pipeline (a pipeline for natural gas to enter a combustor) L3 is more than or equal to 15kpa, or the pressure P2 of the gasifier QHQ is more than or equal to 20kpa, or the temperature T1 of the gasifier QHQ is more than or equal to 75 ℃, the third automatic cut-off valve XV3 automatically cuts off and gives an alarm.
In the step 5), when the pressure of an air pipeline L8 exceeds 4.4Barg, the third safety valve PSV3 jumps to protect the system from overpressure, and the function is mainly suitable for places with gas consumption of factory enterprises and needing stable heat value.
In the step 5), the specific adjustment proportion of the metering ratio F2/F1 of the second flowmeter F2 (orifice plate flowmeter) and the first flowmeter (turbine flowmeter) F1 is adjusted according to the gas quality requirement and the gas quality requirement used by a user, and when the proportion of the metering ratio F2/F1 of the second flowmeter F2 (orifice plate flowmeter) and the first flowmeter (turbine flowmeter) F1 exceeds a set value or the calorific value meter M1 exceeds a set value, the fourth automatic cut-off valve XV4 is automatically cut off.
The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described above, however, it should be understood that the above description is for illustrative purposes only and does not constitute any limitation of the present invention. Many modifications and equivalents may be made thereto without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, and such modifications and equivalents are intended to be included within the scope of the invention.
Claims (12)
1. The utility model provides an emergent gasification equipment of calorific value adjustable LNG, its includes LNG gasification system, pressure regulating measurement system, calorific value balanced system three, wherein:
the LNG gasification system comprises a burner, a gasifier and a condenser which are connected in sequence, wherein an LNG liquid inlet pipeline is connected with an LNG inlet of the gasifier, an NG gas outlet pipeline of the gasifier is connected with a downstream gas pipeline,
the outlet of the burner is connected with the heating medium inlet of the gasifier, the heating medium outlet of the gasifier is connected with the condenser through a pipeline, the gas outlet of the condenser is connected with the flue gas diffusion pipeline,
wherein, a branch pipe is branched from an NG gas outlet pipeline of the gasifier and is connected with an inlet of the combustor,
the pressure regulating and metering system comprises a first cut-off valve arranged on an LNG liquid inlet pipeline, a second cut-off valve arranged on an NG outlet pipeline of the gasifier, a first pressure regulating valve, a first flowmeter and a branch pipe arranged on an NG gas outlet pipeline of the gasifier, namely the second pressure regulating valve and a third cut-off valve on a pipeline for natural gas to enter the burner;
the heat value balancing system comprises an air compression device connected with an NG gas outlet pipeline of the gasifier through an air pipeline and a heat value instrument arranged on the NG gas outlet pipeline at the downstream of the connection part, a buffer tank, a second flow meter and a flow regulating valve are sequentially arranged on the air pipeline, the outlet of the air compression device is connected with the inlet of the buffer tank, the outlet of the buffer tank is connected with the NG gas outlet pipeline through the second flow meter, the flow regulating valve and a fourth automatic shut-off valve, the downstream of the NG gas outlet pipeline at the connection part of the buffer tank and the NG gas outlet pipeline is provided with the heat value instrument, wherein the heat value instrument is controlled by the flow regulating valve and/or the fourth automatic shut-off valve in an interlocking manner, and the gas mixing proportion can be adjusted in real time,
the gasifier is internally provided with a liquid level meter for detecting the liquid level inside the gasifier, a gasifier thermometer for detecting the temperature inside the gasifier, a gasifier pressure gauge for detecting the internal pressure inside the gasifier, namely a second pressure gauge, a branch pipe branched from an NG gas outlet pipeline of the gasifier, namely a first pressure gauge for detecting the internal pressure of the branch pipe is arranged on a pipeline for feeding natural gas into a burner, when the liquid level of the gasifier is less than or equal to 85% of the height of the gasifier, or the pressure of a branch pipe branched from an NG gas outlet pipeline of the gasifier is more than or equal to 15kPa, or the internal pressure of the gasifier is more than or equal to 20kPa, or the internal temperature of the gasifier is more than or equal to 75 ℃, the third cut-off valve automatically cuts off and gives an alarm.
2. The emergency LNG gasification device of claim 1, wherein the LNG feed line comprises a first LNG feed line and a second LNG feed line that are merged into a common LNG feed line that is connected to the LNG inlet of the gasifier.
3. The LNG emergency gasification device of claim 1, further comprising an air bleeding line and a third safety valve, wherein the air bleeding line is provided with a third pressure regulating valve, and the third safety valve trips to protect the system from overpressure when the air line pressure exceeds 4.4 Barg.
4. The emergency LNG gasification device according to claim 1, wherein a safety relief line is connected to the NG gas outlet line of the gasifier, and a first safety valve and a flame arrester are sequentially provided on the safety relief line.
5. The LNG emergency gasification device of claim 1, wherein the gasifier comprises a circulating water line, one end of the circulating water line is connected with the bottom of the gasifier, the other end of the circulating water line is connected with the top of the gasifier, and a circulating water pump is arranged on the circulating water line; and/or
The gasifier comprises a gasifier drain pipeline, one end of the gasifier drain pipeline is connected with the bottom of the gasifier, and the other end of the gasifier drain pipeline is connected with the sewage disposal pool.
6. The LNG emergency gasification device of any one of claims 1 to 5, further comprising a gas leakage alarm, wherein a third pressure gauge and a second temperature gauge are provided on an NG gas outlet line of the gasifier, and the first automatic shutoff valve alarms and automatically shuts off if the temperature of the gasifier outlet line is less than or equal to-10 ℃ or the pressure is greater than or equal to 4Barg or a gas leakage alarm occurs in the gas leakage alarm device.
7. The LNG emergency gasification apparatus of any one of claims 1-5 wherein the first LNG feed line and the second LNG feed line are provided with a first manual valve and a second manual valve, respectively.
8. LNG emergency gasification method with adjustable heating value using the LNG emergency gasification device of any one of claims 1 to 7, comprising the steps of:
1) An LNG liquid inlet step: supplying LNG to the vaporizer through an LNG feed line;
2) LNG gasification step: when the device is started, a valve on an LNG liquid inlet pipeline is opened at a small flow rate, so that LNG at the full flow rate is slowly fed into a gasifier through a liquid inlet pipeline, the LNG is gasified by heat exchange with water and then fed into a burner through a second pressure regulating valve of the natural gas feeding pipeline to regulate the pressure to 6-12kPa for combustion in the burner, when the water temperature of the gasifier reaches above 55 ℃, the valve on the LNG liquid inlet pipeline is completely opened to start full-flow liquid inlet gasification, and at the moment, a second automatic cut-off valve on an NG gas outlet pipeline is automatically opened to start an LNG full-flow gasification process;
3) Natural gas pressure regulating step: after LNG gasification starts, a first pressure regulating valve on an NG gas outlet pipeline automatically detects the pressure behind the first pressure regulating valve, regulates the pressure to 2 to 5Barg, and enters a downstream air pipe network;
4) Fuel gas gasification pressure regulating step: after LNG is gasified by the gasifier, taking gas from the NG gas outlet pipeline, wherein the gas amount is 1-10% of the total gas amount in the NG gas outlet pipeline, adjusting the pressure to 6-12kPa, and then feeding the gas into a combustor for combustion;
5) A heat value stabilizing step: after air is compressed by an air compression device and optionally dried, the pressure reaches 2-6 barg, the air is metered by a first flowmeter and a second flowmeter through a buffer tank, the ratio of the flow of the second flowmeter to the flow of the first flowmeter, namely F2/F1, is less than or equal to 3 percent, the opening of a flow regulating valve is regulated, and the air enters an LNG gasifier to regulate the calorific value of natural gas through a pipeline.
9. An emergency LNG gasification process with adjustable heating value according to claim 8, characterized in that: in the step 2), after heat exchange and gasification with water, the pressure is regulated to 8-11kPa by a second pressure regulating valve of a pipeline for feeding natural gas into a burner to be burnt,
when the water temperature of the gasifier reaches above 60 ℃, a valve on an LNG liquid inlet pipeline is completely opened, and full-flow liquid inlet gasification is started.
10. An emergency LNG gasification process with adjustable heating value according to claim 8, characterized in that: in the step 3), after LNG gasification is started, a first pressure regulating valve on an NG gas outlet pipeline automatically detects the pressure behind the first pressure regulating valve, regulates the pressure to 3-4 barg, and enters a downstream gas pipe network.
11. An emergency LNG gasification process with adjustable heating value according to claim 8, characterized in that: in the step 4), the pressure is adjusted to 8-11kPa and then the mixture enters a combustor for combustion.
12. An emergency LNG gasification process with adjustable heating value according to claim 8, characterized in that:
in the step 1), if the temperature of an NG gas outlet pipeline is less than or equal to minus 10 ℃ or the pressure is more than or equal to 4Barg, or a gas leakage alarm occurs, a first automatic cut-off valve alarms and automatically cuts off; and/or
In the step 2), when gasifying, if the temperature of an NG gas outlet pipeline is less than or equal to 0 ℃ or the pressure is less than or equal to 1Barg, or a gas leakage alarm gives a gas leakage alarm, a first automatic cut-off valve gives an alarm and automatically cuts off the gas leakage alarm; and/or
In the step 3), if the temperature T2 of the outlet pipeline of the gasifier is less than or equal to minus 10 ℃ or the pressure P3 is more than or equal to 4Barg, or a gas leakage alarm gives an alarm when the gas leakage occurs, the second automatic cut-off valve gives an alarm and automatically cuts off the gas leakage alarm; and/or
In the step 4), when the liquid level LT001 of the gasifier is less than or equal to 85 percent of the height of the gasifier, or the pressure of the fuel gas pipeline is more than or equal to 15kpa, or the pressure of the gasifier is more than or equal to 20kpa, or the temperature of the gasifier is more than or equal to 75 ℃, the third automatic cutoff valve automatically cuts off and gives an alarm; and/or
In the step 5), when the pressure of the air pipeline exceeds 4.4Barg, the third safety valve jumps to protect the system from overpressure; and/or
In the step 5), the first flowmeter is a turbine flowmeter, the second flowmeter is a pore plate flowmeter, the specific regulation proportion of the metering ratio F2/F1 of the second flowmeter and the first flowmeter is regulated according to the gas quality requirement and the gas quality requirement used by a user, and when the proportion of the metering ratio F2/F1 of the second flowmeter and the first flowmeter exceeds a set value or the heat value instrument exceeds the set value, the fourth automatic cut-off valve is automatically cut off.
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| CN108980607A (en) * | 2018-09-13 | 2018-12-11 | 中国石油工程建设有限公司 | A kind of LNG gasification system and process |
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