CN113968581A - Device and method for preparing calcium carbide and co-producing carbon monoxide by using oxygen thermal method - Google Patents

Device and method for preparing calcium carbide and co-producing carbon monoxide by using oxygen thermal method Download PDF

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CN113968581A
CN113968581A CN202010724630.9A CN202010724630A CN113968581A CN 113968581 A CN113968581 A CN 113968581A CN 202010724630 A CN202010724630 A CN 202010724630A CN 113968581 A CN113968581 A CN 113968581A
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calcium carbide
module
unit
carbon monoxide
gas
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王胜美
王韦昊
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Shanghai Advanced Research Institute of CAS
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Shanghai Advanced Research Institute of CAS
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
    • C01B32/90—Carbides
    • C01B32/914—Carbides of single elements
    • C01B32/942—Calcium carbide
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
    • B01J8/0015—Feeding of the particles in the reactor; Evacuation of the particles out of the reactor
    • B01J8/002—Feeding of the particles in the reactor; Evacuation of the particles out of the reactor with a moving instrument
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
    • B01J8/08—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with moving particles
    • B01J8/082—Controlling processes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
    • B01J8/08—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with moving particles
    • B01J8/085—Feeding reactive fluids
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
    • B01J8/08—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with moving particles
    • B01J8/087—Heating or cooling the reactor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
    • B01J8/08—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with moving particles
    • B01J8/12—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with moving particles moved by gravity in a downward flow
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
    • C01B32/40—Carbon monoxide
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2208/00—Processes carried out in the presence of solid particles; Reactors therefor
    • B01J2208/00008—Controlling the process
    • B01J2208/00017—Controlling the temperature
    • B01J2208/00477—Controlling the temperature by thermal insulation means
    • B01J2208/00495—Controlling the temperature by thermal insulation means using insulating materials or refractories
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2208/00—Processes carried out in the presence of solid particles; Reactors therefor
    • B01J2208/00743—Feeding or discharging of solids
    • B01J2208/00752—Feeding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2208/00—Processes carried out in the presence of solid particles; Reactors therefor
    • B01J2208/00796—Details of the reactor or of the particulate material
    • B01J2208/00805—Details of the particulate material

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  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Carbon And Carbon Compounds (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides a device and a method for preparing calcium carbide and co-producing carbon monoxide by an oxygen thermal method. The device comprises a reaction furnace body, a calcium carbide raw material conveying module, a fuel conveying module, a gas supply module, a mixing module, a carbon monoxide collecting module and a calcium carbide collecting module; the reaction furnace body comprises a preheating zone, a reaction zone and a heat supplementing and preserving zone which are communicated with each other from top to bottom; the calcium carbide raw material conveying module is connected with the preheating zone; the mixing module is connected with the fuel conveying module, the gas supply module and the reaction area; the carbon monoxide collecting module is connected with the preheating zone; the calcium carbide collecting module is connected with the heat supplementing and preserving area. According to the invention, calcium carbide raw materials are conveyed into the reaction furnace from the upper part of the reaction furnace, fuel and oxygen are conveyed into the reaction furnace from the middle part of the reaction furnace, high temperature is formed in the furnace, descending materials are rapidly heated through the high temperature region and are settled to a molten pool in a molten state to form calcium carbide, the generation temperature of the calcium carbide can be ensured through the heat supplementing and heat preserving region at the lower part, the quality of the calcium carbide is ensured, and carbon monoxide is co-produced while the calcium carbide is prepared.

Description

Device and method for preparing calcium carbide and co-producing carbon monoxide by using oxygen thermal method
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of chemical production, relates to a device and a method for producing calcium carbide, and particularly relates to a device and a method for preparing calcium carbide and co-producing carbon monoxide by an oxygen thermal method.
Background
Calcium carbide is commonly known as calcium carbide (CaC)2) It is praised as a mother material for organic synthesis, and is mainly used for producing series products such as chloroethylene, vinyl acetate and acrylic acid base, for example, about 70% of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) in China is produced from acetylene carbide. In recent years, the rising of petroleum price stimulates the development of calcium carbide industry, and the yield of calcium carbide in China is increased from 425 ten thousand tons in 2002 to 2588 ten thousand tons in 2016.
The traditional calcium carbide production adopts a fixed bed and an electric arc method, blocky calcium oxide and blocky coke in the fixed bed (also called a moving bed or an electric furnace) are heated to more than 2000 ℃ by utilizing high temperature generated by electric arc, and stay for a certain time to generate molten calcium carbide. In the production process, the mixture of calcium oxide and coke is added from the upper end of the electric furnace, carbon monoxide (CO) generated by the reaction of the calcium oxide and the coke is discharged from the upper part of the furnace body through a block material gap, a molten product is discharged from the bottom of the furnace, and the calcium carbide finished product is obtained after cooling and crushing. The electric arc method adopts high-grade electric energy for heating, and has high energy consumption. The average power consumption for producing 1 ton of calcium carbide in China is reported to be up to 3250 kW.h. About 60 percent of the raw materials are used for heating and reacting, and about 40 percent of the raw materials are discharged and carried away by high-temperature calcium carbide furnace gas (including CO). In addition, the electric furnace has a complicated structure, is difficult to scale up, and consumes a large amount of electrodes, resulting in high investment and running costs.
In order to solve the problems of high investment, high energy consumption and high pollution in calcium carbide production, research on preparing calcium carbide by an oxygen thermal method has been developed at home and abroad. At present, most of processes for synthesizing calcium carbide by using an oxygen thermal method are mixed feeding of blocky raw materials, and fuels (including solid fuels, liquid fuels or gas fuels) are combusted to provide heat. The method for synthesizing the calcium carbide by the oxygen thermal method can obviously reduce energy consumption and has active energy strategic significance.
The novel preparation of calcium carbide by a blast furnace oxygen thermal method is characterized in that materials are made into a certain shape and enter from the upper part of a generator by utilizing the principle of blast furnace ironmaking, fuel and oxygen enter from the middle part of the generator to form high temperature and fall into a lower molten pool to form the calcium carbide; the formed carbon dioxide (or synthesis gas) ascends to meet the carbon in the material and is reduced into carbon monoxide, meanwhile, the temperature is transferred to the material, and then the carbon monoxide is purified and collected for use. However, the generation of the calcium carbide needs stable high temperature, a stable molten pool is formed at the lower part of the reaction furnace, and calcium oxide and carbon are fully mixed to complete the reaction to generate the calcium carbide. In the existing calcium carbide production device, the temperature of a lower molten pool is unstable, so that the calcium carbide cannot flow out smoothly. Secondly, the carbon monoxide that current carbide apparatus for producing produced is less, is difficult to retrieve alone as industrial chemicals usually, and send carbon monoxide back to the reacting furnace as fuel gas burning again and not only can lead to the reacting furnace structure complicated, lead to the impurity to increase moreover easily, lead to the carbide quality to descend.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above disadvantages of the prior art, an object of the present invention is to provide an apparatus and a method for preparing calcium carbide and co-producing carbon monoxide by an oxy-thermal method, which are used to solve the problems in the prior art that a molten pool at the lower part of a reaction furnace is unstable in high temperature environment, calcium carbide cannot be smoothly discharged, and carbon monoxide by-products prepared by the existing apparatus and method are less and difficult to be separately recycled.
In order to achieve the above objects and other related objects, the present invention provides a device for preparing calcium carbide co-production carbon monoxide by an oxygen thermal method, the device comprises a reaction furnace body, a calcium carbide raw material conveying module, a fuel conveying module, a gas supply module, a mixing module, a carbon monoxide collecting module and a calcium carbide collecting module; the reaction furnace body comprises a preheating zone, a reaction zone and a heat supplementing and preserving zone which are communicated with each other from top to bottom; the calcium carbide raw material conveying module is connected with the preheating zone; the mixing module is connected with the fuel conveying module, the gas supply module and the reaction area and is used for mixing the fuel conveyed by the fuel conveying module and the gas supplied by the gas supply module and conveying the mixture to the reaction area; the carbon monoxide collecting module is connected with the preheating zone; the calcium carbide collecting module is connected with the heat supplementing and preserving area.
Optionally, the calcium carbide raw material conveying module comprises a first powder making unit, a first granulation unit and a first conveying unit, the first granulation unit is connected with the first powder making unit and the first conveying unit, the first conveying unit is connected with the preheating zone, a calcium carbide raw material is conveyed to the preheating zone through the first powder making unit, the first granulation unit and the first conveying unit in sequence, and the calcium carbide raw material comprises carbon-containing particles, calcium-containing compounds, a fluxing agent and a catalyst.
Optionally, the fuel delivery module includes a second pulverizing unit and a second delivery unit, the second delivery unit is connected to the second pulverizing unit and between the mixing modules, and the fuel includes semicoke.
Optionally, the air supply module comprises an air supply unit, and supply gas of the air supply unit comprises inert gas and steam; the device also comprises an oxygen lance which is connected with the heat supplementing and heat preserving area and used for supplying oxygen to the heat supplementing and heat preserving area.
Optionally, the gas supply module includes an air supply unit and a combustion-supporting gas supply unit, the supply gas of the air supply unit includes an inert gas and steam, and the combustion-supporting gas includes oxygen.
Optionally, the carbon monoxide collection module comprises a cooling unit and a purification unit, and the calcium carbide collection module comprises a calcium carbide pot.
Optionally, the heat-supplementing heat-preserving region comprises a combustion region and a heat-preserving cavity located at the lower part of the combustion region, and the device further comprises a heat-supplementing electrode, wherein the heat-supplementing electrode is in contact with the heat-preserving cavity.
The invention also provides a method for preparing calcium carbide and co-producing carbon monoxide based on the device in any scheme, which comprises the steps of preparing calcium carbide raw materials into particles, conveying the particles to a preheating zone of a reaction furnace body, preparing fuel into particles, mixing the particles with gas supplied by a gas supply module, conveying the particles to the reaction zone of the reaction furnace body, carrying out combustion reaction on the calcium carbide raw material particles and the fuel particles in a combustion-supporting gas atmosphere to produce calcium carbide melt and carbon monoxide gas, settling the calcium carbide melt in a heat supplementing and heat preserving zone, collecting and preparing the calcium carbide by a calcium carbide collecting module, and discharging the carbon monoxide gas to the carbon monoxide collecting module through the preheating zone.
Optionally, the particle size of the calcium carbide raw material particles is 50-50000 micrometers, and the particle size of the fuel particles is 20-500 micrometers.
Optionally, the reaction temperature of the reaction zone is 1700-2500 ℃, and the temperature of the gas discharged from the preheating zone is 600-1200 ℃.
As mentioned above, the device and the method for preparing calcium carbide and co-producing carbon monoxide by using the oxygen thermal method provided by the invention have the following advantages: the calcium carbide raw material is conveyed into the reaction furnace from the upper part of the reaction furnace, fuel and oxygen are conveyed into the reaction furnace from the middle part of the reaction furnace, high temperature is formed in the reaction furnace, generated gas such as carbon dioxide goes upwards, the material goes downwards, the gas is reduced into carbon monoxide when meeting carbonaceous materials, meanwhile, the temperature is transferred to the material, the material going downwards is rapidly heated through the high temperature zone and is settled to a molten pool in a molten state to form the calcium carbide, and the generation temperature of the calcium carbide can be ensured through the heat supplementing and heat preserving zone at the lower part, so that the quality of the calcium carbide is ensured. The method provided by the invention can be used for co-producing carbon monoxide while preparing calcium carbide, and is beneficial to reducing energy consumption and reducing production cost.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a device for preparing calcium carbide and co-producing carbon monoxide by an oxygen thermal method.
Description of the element reference numerals
11 reaction furnace body
111 preheating zone
112 reaction zone
113 heat-supplementing heat-insulating zone
113a combustion zone
113b thermal insulation cavity
12 calcium carbide raw material conveying module
121 first pulverizing unit
122 first granulation unit
123 first conveying unit
13 Fuel delivery Module
131 second pulverizing unit
132 second conveying unit
14 air supply module
141 air supply unit
142 combustion supporting gas supply unit
143 gas mixing unit
15 hybrid module
16 carbon monoxide collecting unit
17 calcium carbide collecting module
18 oxygen lance
Detailed Description
The embodiments of the present invention are described below with reference to specific embodiments, and other advantages and effects of the present invention will be easily understood by those skilled in the art from the disclosure of the present specification. The invention is capable of other and different embodiments and of being practiced or of being carried out in various ways, and its several details are capable of modification in various respects, all without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Please refer to the attached drawings. It should be noted that the drawings provided in the present embodiment are only for illustrating the basic idea of the present invention, and the components related to the present invention are only shown in the drawings rather than drawn according to the number, shape and size of the components in actual implementation, and the type, quantity and proportion of the components in actual implementation may be changed freely, and the layout of the components may be more complicated.
As shown in FIG. 1, the invention provides a device for preparing calcium carbide and co-producing carbon monoxide by an oxygen thermal method. The device comprises a reaction furnace body 11, a calcium carbide raw material conveying module 12, a fuel conveying module 13, a gas supply module 14, a mixing module 15, a carbon monoxide collecting module 16 and a calcium carbide collecting module 17; the reaction furnace body 11 comprises a preheating zone 111, a reaction zone 112 and a heat supplementing and preserving zone 113 which are communicated with each other from top to bottom; the calcium carbide raw material conveying module 12 is connected with the preheating zone 111; the mixing module 15 is connected to the fuel delivery module 13, the gas supply module 14 and the reaction area 112, and is configured to mix the fuel delivered by the fuel delivery module 13 and the gas supplied by the gas supply module 14 and deliver the mixture to the reaction area 112; the carbon monoxide collection module 16 is connected to the preheating zone 111; the calcium carbide collecting module 17 is connected with the heat supplementing and insulating area 113. The calcium carbide raw material is conveyed into the reaction furnace from the upper part of the reaction furnace, fuel and oxygen are conveyed into the reaction furnace from the middle part of the reaction furnace, high temperature is formed in the reaction furnace, generated gas such as carbon dioxide goes upwards, the material goes downwards, the gas is reduced into carbon monoxide when meeting carbonaceous materials, meanwhile, the temperature is transferred to the material, the material going downwards is rapidly heated through the high temperature zone and is settled to a molten pool in a molten state to form the calcium carbide, and the generation temperature of the calcium carbide can be ensured through the heat supplementing and heat preserving zone at the lower part, so that the quality of the calcium carbide is ensured.
It should be noted that the internal space of the reaction furnace body 11 is an integral structure, and the internal space is divided into the preheating zone 111, the reaction zone 112 and the heat-supplementing heat-preserving zone 113 for convenience of description. The reaction furnace body 11 includes a furnace shell, a furnace lining located inside the furnace shell, and a furnace cover located on the top of the furnace shell, wherein the furnace cover is provided with a feed inlet and an exhaust outlet, and a discharge outlet is arranged at the bottom or side of the concurrent heating and holding area 113. As an example, the reaction furnace body 11 is installed on a reinforced concrete foundation, and I-shaped steel is laid on the foundation to enable air at the furnace bottom to circulate and radiate heat, so that the furnace bottom is prevented from being damaged due to overheating. The furnace body bottom plate is made into a whole circular steel plate by a single-side groove welding method and laid on the I-shaped steel, and the furnace shell is generally cylindrical. In order to keep the rigidity of the furnace shell, a certain number of vertical ribs and annular ribs are welded on the outer wall of the furnace shell; in order to protect the steel plate at the discharge port from being ablated by glowing high-temperature furnace burden, cast iron components which are cooled by water are arranged around the discharge port. The furnace bottom plate is paved with a layer of soft asbestos plate with the functions of heat insulation and insulation, the asbestos plate is paved with a layer of dry sand with the functions of heat insulation and leveling, 5-7 layers of refractory bricks are paved on the dry sand, and carbon bricks are paved on the dry refractory bricks, namely a layer of carbon bricks is arranged on the surface of the heat supplementing and preserving area 113.
As an example, the calcium carbide raw material conveying module 12 includes a first pulverizing unit 121, a first granulating unit 122, and a first conveying unit 123, the first granulating unit 122 is connected to the first pulverizing unit 121 and the first conveying unit 123, the first conveying unit 123 is connected to the preheating zone 111, and the calcium carbide raw material is conveyed to the preheating zone 111 through the first pulverizing unit 121, the first granulating unit 122, and the first conveying unit 123 in sequence. That is, the raw material of calcium carbide is first conveyed to the first powder making unit 121 (such as a pulverizer) and ground into powder, so that various raw materials can be more fully mixed, and the mixed raw material powder is conveyed to the first granulating unit 122 and made into raw material particles, so that the raw material particles have a certain volume and mass, and therefore, when conveyed into the reaction furnace body 11 through the first conveying unit 123, the raw material particles can fall down by self gravity and are not dispersed by the airflow in the reaction furnace body 11. Of course, the particle size of the raw material particles is not so large as to cause insufficient reaction. Preferably, the particle size of the feedstock particles is 50 to 50000 microns (inclusive), more preferably 500 to 2000 microns. The calcium carbide raw material comprises carbon-containing particles, calcium-containing compounds, fluxing agents and catalysts, wherein the carbon-containing particles comprise but are not limited to medium-low-rank pulverized coal for cost saving, the calcium-containing compounds comprise but are not limited to one or more of calcium oxide, calcium carbonate and calcium hydroxide (preferably calcium oxide), the fluxing agents comprise but are not limited to alkaline fluxing agents such as magnesium oxide or neutral fluxing agents such as aluminum oxide, the catalysts comprise but are not limited to Co-Mo sulfur-resistant wide-temperature catalysts, the percentage of carbon atoms in the carbon-containing particles and the percentage of calcium atoms in the calcium-containing compounds are preferably 1.5-2: 1, and the content of the catalysts and the fluxing agents is determined according to the components of the calcium carbide raw material. In one example, the mass percentage of the fluxing agent, the catalyst and the calcium carbide raw material is 1:1: 100-200. The fluxing agent and the catalyst are added into the calcium carbide raw material, the liquid phase formed after the catalyst is melted at high temperature is beneficial to improving the contact of the raw material, the reaction activation energy of the calcium carbide can be reduced, the calcium carbide reaction is carried out at the temperature below 1700-2500 ℃, and the reaction energy consumption can be effectively reduced.
In an example, the calcium carbide raw material conveying module 12 may further include a separator, and the separator may be disposed between the first granulating unit 122 and the first conveying unit 123 to separate raw material particles from dust, so as to ensure that the raw material entering the reactor body 11 is all in a granular form. After being conveyed to the preheating zone 111 of the reaction furnace body 11, the calcium carbide raw material particles descend to the reaction zone 112 by means of self gravity to react with the fuel particles.
As an example, the fuel conveying module 13 includes a second pulverizing unit 131 and a second conveying unit 132, and the second conveying unit 132 is connected between the second pulverizing unit 131 and the mixing module 15, that is, the fuel is conveyed to the second pulverizing unit 131 to be pulverized into powder, and then conveyed to the mixing module 15 through the second conveying unit 132 to be mixed with the gas supplied by the gas supply module 14, so that the fuel is more uniform, and the combustion reaction is more sufficient. By way of example, the fuel includes, but is not limited to, semicoke.
In one example, the gas supply module 14 includes a gas supply unit 141 (such as a blower), and the supply gas of the gas supply unit 141 includes an inert gas (or a non-combustion-supporting gas, such as nitrogen, argon, etc.) that acts as a carrier gas to transport the powder particles of the fuel to the reaction zone 112 and steam that facilitates the generation of carbon monoxide. In the case that the gas supplied by the air supply unit 141 does not comprise oxygen, the device further comprises oxygen lances 18, the oxygen lances 18 are connected with the supplementary heating and holding area 113 and are used for supplying oxygen into the supplementary heating and holding area 113, and the oxygen lances 18 can be single or multiple. Because the heat supplementing and heat preserving region 113 is communicated with the reaction region 112, part of the oxygen supplemented to the heat supplementing and heat preserving region 113 rises to mix with the fuel gas flow and enter the reaction region 112, and reacts with calcium carbide raw material particles descending from the preheating region 111 to the reaction region 112 in a combustion reaction, the reaction region 112 is rapidly heated to a high temperature of 1700-2500 ℃ to generate calcium carbide melt, the calcium carbide melt is settled to a heat preserving cavity 113b at the lower part of the heat supplementing and heat preserving region 113, namely, in a molten pool, while the other part of the oxygen is combusted in a combustion region 113a at the upper part of the heat supplementing and heat preserving region 113, the temperature of the heat supplementing and heat preserving region 113 is increased, the generation temperature of the calcium carbide is ensured to ensure the quality of the calcium carbide, and simultaneously the calcium carbide melt is ensured to be in a molten state, and then is conveyed to a calcium carbide collecting module 17 outside the reaction furnace body 11 through a pipeline, such as a calcium carbide pot, and the calcium carbide with required specification is obtained through cooling and crushing. Carbon dioxide (possibly other gases) in the synthesis gas generated by the reaction in the process moves upwards, the calcium carbide raw material particles continuously move downwards, the carbon dioxide gas meets carbon-containing substances in the calcium carbide raw materials and is reduced into carbon monoxide, meanwhile, the temperature of the carbon monoxide is transferred to the downward calcium carbide raw material particles, the temperature of the carbon monoxide discharged after heat exchange is 600-1200 ℃, the carbon monoxide is conveyed to the carbon monoxide collecting module 16 through an exhaust port at the top of the preheating zone 111, and a carbon monoxide product is obtained through cooling and purification.
In another example, the air supply module 14 includes an air supply unit 141 and a combustion-supporting gas supply unit 142, the air supply module 14 may further include an air mixing unit 143 connected to the air supply unit 141 and the combustion-supporting gas supply unit 142, and the air mixing unit 143 is connected to the mixing module 15, and is configured to mix the gas supplied by the air supply unit 141 and the gas supplied by the combustion-supporting gas supply unit 142 and deliver the mixed gas to the mixing module 15. The supply gas of the air supply unit 141 includes inert gas and steam, and the combustion-supporting gas includes oxygen, i.e., oxygen is simultaneously supplied by the air supply module 14. Of course, in the case that the gas supply module 14 provides oxygen at the same time, the device can also be provided with oxygen lances 18, one end of each oxygen lance 18 is communicated with the gas supply pipeline of the gas supply module 14, and the other end is communicated with the heat supplementing and preserving area 113, so as to supplement oxygen to the heat supplementing and preserving area 113. The present embodiment is not strictly limited.
As an example, the carbon monoxide collecting module 16 includes a cooling unit and a purifying unit, which may be physically integrated, such as an integrated separation cooling tower, or separated, and the order of the cooling unit and the purifying unit is not strictly limited, such as cooling the gas first and then performing separation and purification, or performing gas separation first and then cooling, which is not strictly limited in this embodiment. The cooling unit is preferably a cooling water circulation unit so as to realize the recycling of heat.
The carbide collecting module 17 comprises a carbide pot, the carbide pot comprises but is not limited to a carbon steel pot or a cast iron pot, the carbide pot is connected with the heat supplementing and preserving area 113 through a pipeline, and a heat preserving and/or heating device can be arranged on the pipeline to ensure that the carbide melt can smoothly flow into the carbide pot.
By way of example, the adiabatic holding section 113 includes a combustion section 113a and a holding chamber 113b located below the combustion section 113a, and the apparatus further includes an adiabatic electrode (not shown), which includes but is not limited to a graphite electrode. The heat compensating electrode is in contact with the heat preservation cavity 113b, for example, in contact with the carbon brick layer mentioned above to short-circuit heat the bottom carbon brick (principle of resistance furnace) so as to ensure that the temperature in the heat preservation cavity 113b (molten pool) is not reduced, thereby ensuring that the calcium carbide in the molten pool is always in a molten state, and enabling the molten calcium carbide to smoothly flow out to the external calcium carbide pot through the discharge hole at the bottom of the reaction furnace body 11. In the invention, the heat of the heat-supplementing and heat-preserving region 113 is generated by oxygen-carbon combustion through supplemented oxygen, and the carbon bricks at the bottom are heated and supplemented through the heat-supplementing electrodes, so that the temperature of the bottom is always kept at 2000 ℃ or above, and the heat dissipation loss at the lower part is supplemented, thereby ensuring the quality of the calcium carbide.
The invention also provides a method for preparing calcium carbide and co-producing carbon monoxide based on the device in any scheme, so the introduction of the device is referred to the above contents, and is not repeated for the sake of brevity. The method comprises the steps of preparing calcium carbide raw materials into particles, conveying the particles from the top or the side wall of a reaction furnace body to a preheating zone of the reaction furnace body, preparing fuel into particles, mixing the particles with gas supplied by a gas supply module, conveying the particles to the reaction zone of the reaction furnace body, carrying out combustion reaction on the calcium carbide raw material particles and the fuel particles in a combustion-supporting gas atmosphere to produce calcium carbide melt and carbon monoxide gas, settling the calcium carbide melt in a heat supplementing and heat preserving zone, collecting and preparing the calcium carbide by a calcium carbide collecting module, and discharging the carbon monoxide gas to the carbon monoxide collecting module through the preheating zone.
It should be noted that, in the reaction zone, calcium carbide raw material particles and fuel particles are combusted at a high temperature in combustion-supporting gas, for example, in a mixed gas atmosphere of oxygen and steam to produce calcium carbide melt and synthetic gas containing carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide, the calcium carbide melt descends to a molten pool in the heat supplementing and heat preserving zone, the carbon dioxide gas (together with other gases) ascends, the carbon dioxide gas is reduced to carbon monoxide when meeting carbonaceous materials, meanwhile, the temperature is transferred to the calcium carbide raw material particles which are going to descend continuously, and the temperature of the discharged gas after heat exchange is 600-1200 ℃.
For example, the particle size of the calcium carbide raw material particles is 50-50000 microns, and the particle size of the fuel particles is 20-500 microns.
As an example, the reaction temperature of the reaction zone is 1700-2500 ℃, and the temperature of the gas discharged from the preheating zone is 600-1200 ℃.
The method can co-produce carbon monoxide while preparing the calcium carbide, and is beneficial to reducing energy consumption and reducing production cost.
In conclusion, the invention provides a device and a method for preparing calcium carbide and co-producing carbon monoxide by an oxygen thermal method. The device comprises a reaction furnace body, a calcium carbide raw material conveying module, a fuel conveying module, a gas supply module, a mixing module, a carbon monoxide collecting module and a calcium carbide collecting module; the reaction furnace body comprises a preheating zone, a reaction zone and a heat supplementing and preserving zone which are communicated with each other from top to bottom; the calcium carbide raw material conveying module is connected with the preheating zone; the mixing module is connected with the fuel conveying module, the gas supply module and the reaction area and is used for mixing the fuel conveyed by the fuel conveying module and the gas supplied by the gas supply module and conveying the mixture to the reaction area; the carbon monoxide collecting module is connected with the preheating zone; the calcium carbide collecting module is connected with the heat supplementing and preserving area. The calcium carbide raw material is conveyed into the reaction furnace from the upper part of the reaction furnace, fuel and oxygen are conveyed into the reaction furnace from the middle part of the reaction furnace, high temperature is formed in the reaction furnace, generated gas such as carbon dioxide goes upwards, the material goes downwards, the gas is reduced into carbon monoxide when meeting carbonaceous materials, meanwhile, the temperature is transferred to the material, the material going downwards is rapidly heated through the high temperature zone and is settled to a molten pool in a molten state to form the calcium carbide, and the generation temperature of the calcium carbide can be ensured through the heat supplementing and heat preserving zone at the lower part, so that the quality of the calcium carbide is ensured. The method provided by the invention can be used for co-producing carbon monoxide while preparing calcium carbide, and is beneficial to reducing energy consumption and reducing production cost. Therefore, the invention effectively overcomes various defects in the prior art and has high industrial utilization value.
The foregoing embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and utilities of the present invention and are not intended to limit the invention. Any person skilled in the art can modify or change the above-mentioned embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Accordingly, it is intended that all equivalent modifications or changes which can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and technical spirit of the present invention be covered by the claims of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A device for preparing calcium carbide and co-producing carbon monoxide by an oxygen thermal method is characterized by comprising a reaction furnace body, a calcium carbide raw material conveying module, a fuel conveying module, a gas supply module, a mixing module, a carbon monoxide collecting module and a calcium carbide collecting module; the reaction furnace body comprises a preheating zone, a reaction zone and a heat supplementing and preserving zone which are communicated with each other from top to bottom; the calcium carbide raw material conveying module is connected with the preheating zone; the mixing module is connected with the fuel conveying module, the gas supply module and the reaction area and is used for mixing the fuel conveyed by the fuel conveying module and the gas supplied by the gas supply module and conveying the mixture to the reaction area; the carbon monoxide collecting module is connected with the preheating zone; the calcium carbide collecting module is connected with the heat supplementing and preserving area.
2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the calcium carbide raw material conveying module comprises a first powder making unit, a first granulating unit and a first conveying unit, the first granulating unit is connected with the first powder making unit and the first conveying unit, the first conveying unit is connected with the preheating zone, a calcium carbide raw material sequentially passes through the first powder making unit, the first granulating unit and the first conveying unit and is conveyed to the preheating zone, and the calcium carbide raw material comprises carbon-containing particles, calcium-containing compounds, a fluxing agent and a catalyst.
3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the fuel conveying module comprises a second powder making unit and a second conveying unit, the second conveying unit is connected between the second powder making unit and the mixing module, and the fuel comprises semi-coke.
4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the air supply module comprises an air supply unit, and supply air of the air supply unit comprises inert gas and steam; the device also comprises an oxygen lance which is connected with the heat supplementing and heat preserving area and used for supplying oxygen to the heat supplementing and heat preserving area.
5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the gas supply module comprises an air supply unit and a combustion-supporting gas supply unit, wherein the supply gas of the air supply unit comprises inert gas and steam, and the combustion-supporting gas comprises oxygen.
6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the carbon monoxide collecting module comprises a cooling unit and a purifying unit, and the calcium carbide collecting module comprises a calcium carbide pot.
7. The apparatus of any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein: the heat supplementing and heat preserving area comprises a combustion area and a heat preserving cavity positioned at the lower part of the combustion area; the device also comprises a heat supplementing electrode which is contacted with the heat preservation cavity.
8. A method for preparing calcium carbide and co-producing carbon monoxide based on the device of any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that calcium carbide raw materials are granulated and conveyed to a preheating zone of a reaction furnace body, fuel is granulated and conveyed to a reaction zone of the reaction furnace body after being mixed with gas supplied by a gas supply module, calcium carbide raw material granules and fuel granules are combusted and reacted in a combustion-supporting gas atmosphere to produce calcium carbide melt and carbon monoxide gas, the calcium carbide melt is settled in a heat supplementing and heat preserving zone, then calcium carbide is collected and prepared by a calcium carbide collecting module, and the carbon monoxide gas is discharged to the carbon monoxide collecting module through the preheating zone.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein: the particle size of the calcium carbide raw material particles is 50-50000 microns, and the particle size of the fuel particles is 20-500 microns.
10. The method of claim 8, wherein: the reaction temperature of the reaction zone is 1700-2500 ℃, and the temperature of gas discharged from the preheating zone is 600-1200 ℃.
CN202010724630.9A 2020-07-24 2020-07-24 Device and method for preparing calcium carbide and co-producing carbon monoxide by using oxygen thermal method Pending CN113968581A (en)

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