CN113958610A - Bimetal self-lubricating composite shaft sleeve, preparation method thereof and engineering mechanical equipment - Google Patents
Bimetal self-lubricating composite shaft sleeve, preparation method thereof and engineering mechanical equipment Download PDFInfo
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- CN113958610A CN113958610A CN202111305094.XA CN202111305094A CN113958610A CN 113958610 A CN113958610 A CN 113958610A CN 202111305094 A CN202111305094 A CN 202111305094A CN 113958610 A CN113958610 A CN 113958610A
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
- F16C33/02—Parts of sliding-contact bearings
- F16C33/04—Brasses; Bushes; Linings
- F16C33/06—Sliding surface mainly made of metal
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
- F16C33/02—Parts of sliding-contact bearings
- F16C33/04—Brasses; Bushes; Linings
- F16C33/06—Sliding surface mainly made of metal
- F16C33/10—Construction relative to lubrication
- F16C33/1025—Construction relative to lubrication with liquid, e.g. oil, as lubricant
- F16C33/103—Construction relative to lubrication with liquid, e.g. oil, as lubricant retained in or near the bearing
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
- F16C33/02—Parts of sliding-contact bearings
- F16C33/04—Brasses; Bushes; Linings
- F16C33/06—Sliding surface mainly made of metal
- F16C33/10—Construction relative to lubrication
- F16C33/1095—Construction relative to lubrication with solids as lubricant, e.g. dry coatings, powder
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
- F16C33/02—Parts of sliding-contact bearings
- F16C33/04—Brasses; Bushes; Linings
- F16C33/06—Sliding surface mainly made of metal
- F16C33/12—Structural composition; Use of special materials or surface treatments, e.g. for rust-proofing
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
- F16C33/02—Parts of sliding-contact bearings
- F16C33/04—Brasses; Bushes; Linings
- F16C33/06—Sliding surface mainly made of metal
- F16C33/14—Special methods of manufacture; Running-in
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C2204/00—Metallic materials; Alloys
- F16C2204/10—Alloys based on copper
- F16C2204/12—Alloys based on copper with tin as the next major constituent
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C2220/00—Shaping
- F16C2220/02—Shaping by casting
- F16C2220/06—Shaping by casting in situ casting or moulding
Abstract
The disclosure relates to a bimetal self-lubricating composite shaft sleeve, a preparation method thereof and engineering mechanical equipment. Wherein, bimetal self-lubricating composite shaft cover includes: the shaft sleeve base body is made of alloy steel; the composite self-lubricating wear-resistant layer is prepared on the inner surface of the shaft sleeve substrate; wherein, the composite self-lubricating wear-resistant layer is made of nano-micron dual-scale particle reinforced copper-based composite material. The composite self-lubricating wear-resistant layer made of the nano-micron double-scale particle reinforced copper-based composite material is prepared on the inner surface of the shaft sleeve substrate, so that the use of copper materials is reduced, high wear resistance and self-lubricating performance can be realized, the strength and toughness are high, the self-lubricating performance and the crush resistance of the shaft sleeve are improved, and the purposes of saving energy and materials, reducing cost and prolonging service life are achieved.
Description
Technical Field
The disclosure relates to a bimetal self-lubricating composite shaft sleeve, a preparation method thereof and engineering mechanical equipment.
Background
The statements herein merely provide background information related to the present disclosure and may not necessarily constitute prior art.
The construction operation of large heavy-load equipment such as engineering machinery, mining machinery and the like in severe environments such as mines, construction sites and the like is realized by the driving of a hydraulic system and the movement of working parts, the influence of high load and high frequency on the movement and the rotation service life of working parts such as buckets, boxes and the like is great, and the technical problems of difficult maintenance, easy abrasion, short service life and the like of parts exist for a long time. The shaft sleeve is a common part for completing connection of different parts and forming rotation of the heavy machinery, and is firstly influenced by severe working conditions. When the lubrication state deteriorates, the surfaces of the shaft sleeve and the shaft part are subjected to metal gnawing corrosion, strain, severe abrasion and even burning, so that the working efficiency is influenced, and the mechanical noise and vibration are obviously aggravated. Finally, the maintenance cost is improved, the labor intensity is increased, and the working efficiency is reduced. Therefore, the performance of the shaft sleeve part is improved, and the shaft sleeve part has important effects on prolonging the service life of the shaft part, reducing the abrasion of the shaft part, reducing the operation shake of the whole machine and the like.
The current sliding shaft sleeve that is commonly used mainly has four main types according to the material classification: alloy steel axle sleeve, powder metallurgy oiliness axle sleeve, copper alloy axle sleeve and combined material axle sleeve. The alloy steel shaft sleeve achieves the effect of prolonging the lubricating period by mainly machining a complex oil groove or oil hole on the inner wall and storing and filling lubricating grease, and has the advantages of low overall material cost and high steel strength, but generally has the defects of complex machining, material waste, short lubricating period and the like; the powder metallurgy oil-containing shaft sleeve is usually prepared by sintering copper-containing alloy powder at a high temperature, and residual pores inside the powder metallurgy oil-containing shaft sleeve are used for oil immersion and oil storage at a later stage, so that the powder metallurgy oil-containing shaft sleeve has the advantages that a self-lubricating and lubrication-free effect can be formed by releasing lubricating oil in the working process, but the strength of the powder metallurgy oil-containing shaft sleeve can be greatly reduced and the risk of brittle cracking of the powder metallurgy oil-containing shaft sleeve can be remarkably enhanced due to the existence of the pores and oil; the copper alloy shaft sleeve is usually prepared by machining high-force brass, aluminum bronze, tin bronze and the like, and has the advantages that the copper alloy has better tribological performance, but a large amount of nonferrous metals are used, so that the defects of high cost, insufficient strength and the like exist, and particularly, the fit clearance between the shaft and the shaft sleeve is easily influenced by micro deformation under heavy load conditions, so that partial abrasion and abnormal abrasion are caused; the copper bush is embedded with a solid lubricant, and the most common copper bush is the graphite-embedded copper bush, so that the graphite and copper can obviously improve the lubricating effect, but a large number of embedded hole sites are generally required to be machined on the inner wall of the copper bush, and the graphite is embedded at the same time, and because the graphite embedded layer is shallow and has low strength, the graphite is easy to wear or fall off quickly under severe working conditions, so that the lubricating effect in the later period of use is greatly reduced; the composite material shaft sleeve is generally provided with a bimetal composite shaft sleeve and a nonmetal and metal composite shaft sleeve, and the bimetal composite shaft sleeve is usually combined by adopting a solid pressing method, so that the problems of low bonding strength, poor self-lubricating effect and the like exist. The non-metal and metal composite shaft sleeve is generally insufficient in bearing capacity and difficult to popularize and apply under the heavy-load working condition.
The traditional steel sleeve or alloy material shaft sleeve has no self-lubricating property, so that the grease injection period interval is short. The powder metallurgy oil-containing shaft sleeve has the defects of low crushing strength and incapability of bearing heavy-load use working conditions. The solid inlaid self-lubricating shaft sleeve mainly adopts a graphite copper sleeve, generally adopts a high-force brass structure as a whole, so that the cost is high, and due to the fact that the inlaid graphite groove is shallow, after the inlaid graphite is abraded under the long-term severe abrasion working condition, the self-lubricating effect is greatly reduced, and later-period abrasion is accelerated.
Disclosure of Invention
One technical problem to be solved by the present disclosure is: the bimetal self-lubricating composite shaft sleeve, the preparation method thereof and the engineering mechanical equipment are provided, so that the self-lubricating performance and the crush resistance of the shaft sleeve can be improved, and the purposes of saving energy and materials, reducing cost and prolonging service life are achieved.
Some embodiments of the present disclosure provide a bimetal self-lubricating composite bushing, comprising: the shaft sleeve base body is made of alloy steel; the composite self-lubricating wear-resistant layer is prepared on the inner surface of the shaft sleeve substrate; wherein, the composite self-lubricating wear-resistant layer is made of nano-micron dual-scale particle reinforced copper-based composite material.
In some embodiments, the nano-micron dual-scale particle reinforced copper-based composite includes iron-rich nanoparticle-Al3The Ti microparticles synergistically reinforce the tin bronze alloy.
In some embodiments, the iron-rich nanoparticle-Al 3Ti microparticles synergistically enhance the mass composition of the components in the tin bronze alloy are configured to: sn: 4-10% wt, Zn: 1.5-4.5% wt, Ni: 0.8-2.8 wt%, Fe: 0.5-3.5 wt%, Co: 0.1 to 0.9 percent of Al3Ti：1.5％～4.0％wt。
In some embodiments, the composite self-lubricating wear-resistant layer further comprises a plurality of solid lubricant prefabricated members pre-embedded on the inner surface of the composite self-lubricating wear-resistant layer, wherein the solid lubricant prefabricated members are made of graphite fluoride.
In some embodiments, the plurality of solid lubricant preforms are equally spaced on the inner surface of the composite self-lubricating abradable layer.
In some embodiments, the solid lubricant preform is boss-shaped relative to an inner surface of the composite self-lubricating abradable layer.
In some embodiments, the solid lubricant preform has a trapezoidal cylindrical shape, a small diameter portion of the solid lubricant preform is embedded in the composite self-lubricating wear-resistant layer, and a large diameter portion of the solid lubricant preform is arranged to protrude relative to an inner surface of the composite self-lubricating wear-resistant layer.
In some embodiments, the inner surface of the composite self-lubricating wear-resistant layer is provided with a spiral chip removal oil storage groove.
In some embodiments, the inner surface of the composite self-lubricating wear-resistant layer is provided with a longitudinal through groove communicated with the chip removal oil storage groove.
In some embodiments, the inner surface of the sleeve base is provided with a helical base boss.
Some embodiments of the present disclosure provide a preparation method for preparing the aforementioned bimetal self-lubricating composite shaft sleeve, including: and preparing the composite self-lubricating wear-resistant layer on the inner surface of the shaft sleeve substrate by using a negative pressure lost foam casting process.
Some embodiments of the present disclosure provide an engineering mechanical device, including the aforementioned bimetal self-lubricating composite shaft sleeve.
Therefore, according to the bimetal self-lubricating composite shaft sleeve disclosed by the invention, the composite self-lubricating wear-resistant layer made of the nano-micron double-scale particle reinforced copper-based composite material is prepared on the inner surface of the shaft sleeve substrate, so that the use of copper materials is reduced, the high wear resistance and the self-lubricating performance can be realized, the strength and the toughness are higher, the self-lubricating performance and the crush resistance of the shaft sleeve are improved, and the purposes of saving energy and materials, reducing cost and prolonging service life are achieved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present disclosure or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present disclosure, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional structural view of the bimetallic self-lubricating composite bushing of the present disclosure.
Description of the reference numerals
1. A shaft sleeve base body; 2. a composite self-lubricating wear-resistant layer; 3. a solid lubricant preform; 11. a base boss; 21. a chip removal oil storage tank; 22. and the groove is longitudinally penetrated.
Detailed Description
Various exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. The description of the exemplary embodiments is merely illustrative and is in no way intended to limit the disclosure, its application, or uses. The present disclosure may be embodied in many different forms and is not limited to the embodiments herein. These embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art. It should be noted that: the relative arrangement of parts and steps, the composition of materials, numerical expressions and numerical values set forth in these embodiments are to be construed as merely illustrative, and not as limitative, unless specifically stated otherwise.
The use of "first," "second," and similar terms in this disclosure is not intended to indicate any order, quantity, or importance, but rather are used to distinguish one element from another. The word "comprising" or "comprises", and the like, means that the element preceding the word covers the element listed after the word, and does not exclude the possibility that other elements are also covered. "upper", "lower", "left", "right", and the like are used merely to indicate relative positional relationships, and when the absolute position of the object being described is changed, the relative positional relationships may also be changed accordingly.
In the present disclosure, when a specific device is described as being located between a first device and a second device, there may or may not be intervening devices between the specific device and the first device or the second device. When a particular device is described as being coupled to other devices, the particular device may be directly coupled to the other devices without intervening devices or may be directly coupled to the other devices with intervening devices.
All terms used in the present disclosure have the same meaning as understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which the present disclosure belongs, unless otherwise specifically defined. It will be further understood that terms, such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries, should be interpreted as having a meaning that is consistent with their meaning in the context of the relevant art and will not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless expressly so defined herein.
Techniques, methods, and apparatus known to those of ordinary skill in the relevant art may not be discussed in detail, but are intended to be part of the specification where appropriate.
As shown in fig. 1, some embodiments of the present disclosure provide a bimetal self-lubricating composite bushing, including: the composite self-lubricating wear-resistant shaft sleeve comprises a shaft sleeve base body 1 and a composite self-lubricating wear-resistant layer 2, wherein the shaft sleeve base body 1 is made of alloy steel; the composite self-lubricating wear-resistant layer 2 is prepared on the inner surface of the shaft sleeve substrate 1, and the composite self-lubricating wear-resistant layer 2 is made of nano-micron double-scale particle reinforced copper-based composite material.
In the illustrative embodiment, the composite self-lubricating wear-resistant layer 2 made of the nano-micron double-scale particle reinforced copper-based composite material is prepared on the inner surface of the shaft sleeve substrate 1, so that the use of alloy steel materials is reduced, high wear resistance and self-lubricating performance can be realized, the strength and toughness are high, the self-lubricating performance and the crush resistance of the shaft sleeve are improved, the consumption of copper materials is greatly saved, and the purposes of saving energy and materials, reducing cost and prolonging service life are achieved.
The method prepares an NP-MP structure material by utilizing a double-scale synergistic strengthening effect of Nanoparticles (NPs) -Microparticles (MPs), and a large number of second-phase Nanoparticles and second-phase Microparticles are dispersed and distributed in a copper matrix structure, so that fine-grained materials forming the NP-MP structure, coherent or semi-coherent Nanoparticles dispersed and distributed in grains and Microparticles dispersed and distributed in the structure are mutually cooperated, and the wear resistance of the copper matrix is remarkably improved while the strength of the copper matrix is improved.
In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 1, the inner surface of the sleeve base 1 is provided with a spiral base boss 11. The inner surface of the shaft sleeve base body 1 is combined with the composite self-lubricating wear-resistant layer 2 through lost foam casting and the base boss 11 with the spiral, so that the metallurgical bonding effect is better, and the bonding strength is higher.
In some embodiments, the nano-micron dual-scale particle reinforced copper-based composite includes iron-rich nanoparticle-Al3The Ti micron particles are used for synergistically reinforcing the tin bronze alloy, so that better high wear resistance and self-lubricating property are obtained.
As shown in figure 1, the shaft sleeve substrate 1 takes common alloy steel as a substrate material, and iron-rich nano particles-Al are prepared in the inner layer of the shaft sleeve substrate through a lost foam negative pressure casting process3A composite self-lubricating wear-resistant layer 2 made of Ti micron particles synergistically enhanced tin bronze alloy, and Al3The incompatible property of Ti micron particles is used as a modifier to achieve the purpose of obviously refining the grain size of the copper matrix, play a role in fine grain strengthening, obviously enhance the strength and hardness of the inner copper matrix layer and contribute to improving the integrity of the inner copper matrix layerThe body crushing strength and wear resistance. But not of the incompatible Al3The Ti micron particles are taken as a high-hardness second phase and are dispersedly distributed around the copper matrix grains, and meanwhile, the scratching of abrasive particles in the abrasion process of the abrasive particles can be prevented, the abrasion of the surface of the material is reduced, and the effect of improving the abrasion resistance is achieved. The iron-rich nano particles in dispersion distribution can cooperate with Al3The Ti micron particles play a role in second phase nucleation and inhibit the growth tendency of copper matrix grains, and are cooperated with fine grain strengthening. Iron-rich nanoparticles-Al present in a copper matrix3The Ti micron particles are dispersed and distributed in a dual-scale second phase particle form, so that dislocation movement is hindered, the strength of the copper matrix is improved, and dispersion strengthening is further achieved. Al (Al)3The relative ratio of the size of Ti micron particles is large, the wettability of the Ti micron particles with a copper matrix is poor, a second phase and the copper matrix interface exist in a non-coherent mode, and the Ti micron particles cannot penetrate through Al in the dislocation motion process3The Ti micron second phase particles are blocked at the interface, so that the stress is concentrated and the strength is improved. The iron-rich nano particles are small in size and good in wettability with a copper matrix, the second phase and the copper matrix form perfect lattice matching, the fine grain strength is further improved under the high nucleation potential and spontaneous capture mechanism of the copper-clad iron nano particles, the difficulty of dislocation cutting through coherent grains is greatly improved, and the strength of the copper matrix material is further improved. Meanwhile, the method plays a role in eliminating the rich tin, forms the rich iron nanometer wall in the solidification process to block the segregation of tin and break the agglomeration of tin, and is favorable for improving the comprehensive performance of the copper base material.
In some embodiments, the iron-rich nanoparticle-Al3The mass components of the components in the Ti micron particles synergistic enhanced tin bronze alloy are configured as follows: sn: 4-10% wt, Zn: 1.5-4.5% wt, Ni: 0.8-2.8 wt%, Fe: 0.5-3.5 wt%, Co: 0.1-0.9% wt, Al3 Ti: 1.5 to 4.0 percent of weight, and the balance of Cu. Through alloy component design, the structure performance of the inner layer of the cast tin bronze alloy is optimized, and strong metallurgical bonding is carried out on the inner layer and the outer layer steel matrix. Within the numerical range, the wear resistance of the shaft sleeve is improved remarkably.
As shown in fig. 1, in some embodiments, the bimetallic self-lubricating composite shaft sleeve further includes a plurality of solid lubricant preforms 3 pre-embedded on the inner surface of the composite self-lubricating wear-resistant layer 2, and the solid lubricant preforms 3 are made of graphite fluoride. The graphite fluoride solid lubricant prefabricated part is pre-embedded on the inner layer cast tin bronze alloy, so that the surface lubrication effect can be achieved.
The material of the shaft sleeve substrate 1 can be common alloy steel or nonferrous metal, and the composite solid lubricant can be inlaid graphite fluoride or other MoS2And the shape and arrangement form of the composite solid lubricant can be various.
As shown in fig. 1, in some embodiments, a plurality of solid lubricant preforms 3 are arranged at equal intervals on the inner surface of the composite self-lubricating wear-resistant layer 2, so as to ensure lubrication uniformity. In some embodiments, the solid lubricant preform 3 is boss-shaped with respect to the inner surface of the composite self-lubricating abradable layer 2. In the process of abrasion, on one hand, the effect of more abrasion and more lubrication can be achieved, and on the other hand, the effect of stability and no falling can be achieved. In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 1, the solid lubricant prefabricated member 3 is in a trapezoidal cylinder shape, the small diameter portion of the solid lubricant prefabricated member 3 is embedded into the composite self-lubricating wear-resistant layer 2, the large diameter portion of the solid lubricant prefabricated member 3 is arranged in a protruding manner relative to the inner surface of the composite self-lubricating wear-resistant layer 2, the trapezoidal cylinder design of the solid lubricant prefabricated member 3 can enable the solid lubricant prefabricated member and the inner composite self-lubricating layer to be firmly cast into a whole, the self-lubricating effect is better, and therefore the lubricating and stable and non-falling effects are further improved.
In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 1, the inner surface of the self-lubricating wear-resistant layer 2 is formed with a spiral chip discharging oil storage groove 21. The chip removal oil storage tank 21 can store grease injected for the first time and continuously absorb heterogeneous particles and dust particles in the abrasion process, so that the abrasion aggravation is reduced. In some embodiments, the longitudinal through groove 22 communicated with the chip removal oil storage groove 21 is formed on the inner surface of the composite self-lubricating wear-resistant layer 2, so that lubricating grease can be stored, the lubricating effect is enhanced, and on the other hand, grinding chips generated by abrasion or dust foreign matter particles brought by the sealing problem can be stored, and the abrasion aggravation of the friction surface due to the existence of foreign matters is avoided.
Some embodiments of the present disclosure provide a preparation method for preparing the aforementioned bimetal self-lubricating composite shaft sleeve, including: the composite self-lubricating wear-resistant layer 2 is prepared on the inner surface of the shaft sleeve base body 1 by utilizing a negative pressure lost foam casting process. The negative pressure lost foam casting technology (also called solid casting) is a novel casting method that paraffin or foam models with similar size and shape to a casting are bonded and combined into a model cluster, after refractory coating is coated and dried, the model cluster is buried in dry quartz sand for vibration molding, pouring is carried out under negative pressure to gasify the model, liquid metal occupies the position of the model, and the model cluster is formed after solidification and cooling. Experiments show that the composite self-lubricating wear-resistant layer 2 is prepared on the inner surface of the shaft sleeve base body 1 through a negative-pressure lost foam casting process, the strength and hardness of the inner-layer copper base body layer are obviously enhanced, the overall crushing resistance and wear resistance of the shaft sleeve are improved, the wear resistance and self-lubricating performance of the shaft sleeve are obviously improved, and the shaft sleeve has high practicability.
The following description of the process for preparing the bimetal self-lubricating composite shaft sleeve of the present disclosure with reference to fig. 1 is as follows:
firstly, 20CrMnTi steel is adopted as a material of a shaft sleeve base body 1, and a spiral base body boss 11 is processed on the inner surface of the shaft sleeve base body 1, wherein the pitch is 8 mm; then preparing a solid lubricant prefabricated part 3 made of graphite fluoride; then preparing an inner-layer composite self-lubricating layer EPS model, and pre-embedding a plurality of solid lubricant prefabricated parts 3 which are discretely distributed in a lattice shape in the inner-layer composite self-lubricating layer EPS model. Wherein, the appearance of solid lubricant prefab 3 is trapezoidal cylinder, in the lost foam casting process, directly pours integrated into one piece with inlayer compound self-lubricating layer.
Preparing the components with the ratio of the components: sn: 9.3% wt, Zn: 2.1% wt, Ni: 1.0% wt, Fe: 1.1% wt, Co: 0.4%, Al3 Ti: 1.4% wt, balance Cu.
(1) Smelting copper alloy liquid, smelting 84.7 parts of electrolytic copper and 9.3 parts of tin according to the mass ratio, controlling the smelting temperature at 1380 ℃, adding 1.1 parts of iron and 0.4 part of cobalt into the copper alloy liquid, uniformly stirring the mixture by a graphite rod, and keeping the temperature for 15 min.
(2) After the heat preservation is finished, the heating frequency is timely reduced, and the temperature is controlled to be 112.1 parts of zinc and 1.4 parts of Al are added at 40 DEG C3Ti (average particle size 500 μm), graphite rod stirring, rapidly heating to 1300 deg.C, and keeping the temperature for 10 min.
(3) And after the heat preservation is finished, reducing the heating frequency in time, and controlling the temperature to be 1200 ℃ to prepare the lost foam for casting molding.
(4) Meanwhile, the assembled shaft sleeve substrate 1 and an inner-layer composite self-lubricating layer EPS model embedded with a trapezoid cylinder of a graphite fluoride solid lubricant are placed in a lost foam sand box, and dry sand is uniformly added for micro-vibration compaction; the amplitude is less than 1.5mm, the vibration frequency is 75Hz, the upper part of the sand box is covered with plastic cloth for sealing, the vacuum pumping negative pressure is carried out, and the high-temperature alloy liquid is poured in; the negative pressure is controlled between 0.01MPa and 0.04MPa, and the casting forming of the inner composite self-lubricating layer is completed.
(5) And (4) exhausting and decompressing after the pressure is maintained for 20min, and preparing the bimetal self-lubricating composite shaft sleeve.
Compared with the existing self-lubricating shaft sleeve, the bimetal self-lubricating composite shaft sleeve disclosed by the invention has the advantages that the composite self-lubricating layer is prepared on the inner surface of the shaft sleeve substrate 1 through a lost foam casting process, the composite solid lubricant is inlaid, through the component optimization design, in the casting process of the inner-layer copper alloy layer, the iron-rich nano reinforced particles are introduced, on one hand, the effect of obviously refining the size of the substrate crystal grains is achieved by inhibiting the growth of the crystal grains, on the other hand, through the heterogeneous nucleation and spontaneous capture mechanism of the 'copper-coated iron' nano particles, the strength and hardness of the substrate copper alloy are improved, and meanwhile, the loss of toughness and plasticity is reduced. At the same time, the micron-sized grain refiner Al3On one hand, Ti can be matched with iron-rich nano reinforced particles to inhibit the growth of crystal grains to further achieve the effect of refining the size of matrix crystal grains, and on the other hand, micron-sized Al3Ti is dispersed in the copper alloy matrix and can play multiple wear-resisting effects. Compared with a copper sleeve embedded with a solid lubricant, the copper sleeve can obviously save the using amount of non-ferrous metal copper, and further obviously reduce the cost. Meanwhile, the strength and the hardness of the steel substrate are ensured, so that better crush resistance can be obtained. Compared with a powder metallurgy self-lubricating shaft sleeve, the composite self-lubricating wear-resistant layer has self-lubricating property and wear-resistant effect, is embedded with graphite fluoride and can provide excellent self-lubricating property,and because the strength and the hardness of the steel substrate are ensured, better crush resistance can be obtained.
Some embodiments of the present disclosure provide an engineering mechanical device, including the aforementioned bimetal self-lubricating composite shaft sleeve. The engineering mechanical equipment has the beneficial technical effects correspondingly.
Thus, various embodiments of the present disclosure have been described in detail. Some details that are well known in the art have not been described in order to avoid obscuring the concepts of the present disclosure. It will be fully apparent to those skilled in the art from the foregoing description how to practice the presently disclosed embodiments.
Although some specific embodiments of the present disclosure have been described in detail by way of example, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing examples are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes may be made in the above embodiments or equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof without departing from the scope and spirit of the present disclosure. The scope of the present disclosure is defined by the appended claims.
Claims (12)
1. A bimetal self-lubricating composite shaft sleeve is characterized by comprising:
the shaft sleeve base body (1) is made of alloy steel; and
the composite self-lubricating wear-resistant layer (2) is prepared on the inner surface of the shaft sleeve base body (1);
wherein the composite self-lubricating wear-resistant layer (2) is made of nano-micron double-scale particle reinforced copper-based composite material.
2. The bimetallic self-lubricating composite bushing according to claim 1, wherein the nano-micron dual-scale particle reinforced copper-based composite material comprises iron-rich nanoparticle-Al3The Ti microparticles synergistically reinforce the tin bronze alloy.
3. The bimetallic self-lubricating composite bushing according to claim 2, wherein the iron-rich nanoparticle-Al is3The mass components of the components in the Ti micron particles synergistic enhanced tin bronze alloy are configured as follows: sn: 4-10% wt, Zn: 1.5-4.5% wt, Ni: 0.8-2.8 wt%, Fe: 0.5-3.5 wt%, Co: 0.1 to 0.9 percent of Al3Ti：1.5％～4.0％wt。
4. The bimetallic self-lubricating composite bushing according to claim 1, further comprising a plurality of solid lubricant preforms (3) pre-embedded on the inner surface of the composite self-lubricating wear-resistant layer (2), the solid lubricant preforms (3) being made of graphite fluoride.
5. The bimetallic self-lubricating composite bushing according to claim 4, wherein a plurality of the solid lubricant preforms (3) are arranged at equal intervals on the inner surface of the composite self-lubricating wear layer (2).
6. The bimetallic self-lubricating composite bushing according to claim 4, characterized in that the solid lubricant preform (3) is boss-shaped with respect to the inner surface of the composite self-lubricating wear-resistant layer (2).
7. The bimetallic self-lubricating composite bushing according to claim 6, wherein the solid lubricant preform (3) has a trapezoidal cylindrical shape, a small diameter portion of the solid lubricant preform (3) is embedded in the composite self-lubricating wear-resistant layer (2), and a large diameter portion of the solid lubricant preform (3) is protruded relative to the inner surface of the composite self-lubricating wear-resistant layer (2).
8. The bimetal self-lubricating composite shaft sleeve according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein a spiral chip removal oil storage groove (21) is formed on the inner surface of the composite self-lubricating wear-resistant layer (2).
9. The bimetallic self-lubricating composite bushing according to claim 8, wherein the inner surface of the composite self-lubricating wear-resistant layer (2) is formed with a longitudinal through groove (22) communicated with the oil discharge and storage groove (21).
10. The bimetallic self-lubricating composite bushing according to claim 1, wherein the inner surface of the bushing base body (1) is provided with a spiral base body boss (11).
11. A method for preparing the bimetal self-lubricating composite shaft sleeve as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 11, comprising the following steps: and preparing the composite self-lubricating wear-resistant layer (2) on the inner surface of the shaft sleeve base body (1) by utilizing a negative pressure lost foam casting process.
12. An engineering mechanical device, characterized by comprising the bimetal self-lubricating composite shaft sleeve as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 11.
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