CN113957203A - Multifunctional non-centrosymmetric vacuum refining equipment - Google Patents
Multifunctional non-centrosymmetric vacuum refining equipment Download PDFInfo
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- CN113957203A CN113957203A CN202111569790.1A CN202111569790A CN113957203A CN 113957203 A CN113957203 A CN 113957203A CN 202111569790 A CN202111569790 A CN 202111569790A CN 113957203 A CN113957203 A CN 113957203A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
- C21C7/10—Handling in a vacuum
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
- C21C7/04—Removing impurities by adding a treating agent
- C21C7/072—Treatment with gases
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Abstract
The invention provides a multifunctional non-centrosymmetric vacuum refining device, wherein a vacuum system is formed by intersecting two ellipses, an ellipse in the ascending direction of vacuum chamber molten steel is a vertical ellipse, an ellipse in the descending direction of the vacuum chamber molten steel is a transverse ellipse, and a bottom blowing system is formed by combining crossed cross-shaped blowing holes in a transverse and vertical manner and can be matched with the vacuum system for use according to production requirements and gas quantity requirements. The non-centrosymmetric vacuum chamber reduces the mutual influence between the ascending gas column and the descending liquid flow in the single-cylinder vacuum chamber, increases the circulation efficiency and improves the stability of the refining effect; the vacuum chamber rotating device or the ladle rotating platform is used for rotating the vacuum chamber or the ladle for 180 degrees, and the process operation can be switched according to smelting requirements by matching with the air blowing holes arranged crosswise. The vacuum refining equipment provided by the invention reduces the dead zone proportion, shortens the mixing time and improves the impurity removal effect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of external refining of ferrous metallurgy, and particularly relates to non-centrosymmetric vacuum refining equipment.
Background
In the production or refining process of metals, RH is often adopted for vacuum refining treatment, and the traditional RH has a plurality of problems: the sputtering of the free surface of the vacuum chamber and the nodulation of the vacuum chamber are serious; the slag erosion is serious due to the influence of flow scouring on the ladle wall near the downcomer; the RH circulation flow is limited by the sectional area of the dipping pipe, and the circulation flow can have a saturation value under a certain air quantity, so that the mixing efficiency is reduced. In the traditional RH refining process, gas is blown in from the ascending pipe, the bubble stroke is short, the kinetic energy of the gas is not fully utilized for molten steel circulation, most energy generates turbulence and splashing on the free surface of the vacuum chamber, and the RH refining effect is reduced.
Chinese patent CN2432219Y proposes a multifunctional combined blowing single tube refining furnace, which can solve the problems of small inner diameter of RH suction nozzle, steel slag nodulation in vacuum chamber, etc., but has other problems. The blowing amount of gas is the main influence factor of the vacuum cycle refining process of the single-tube refining furnace, and plays a role in improving the cycle flow, shortening the uniform mixing time and improving the decarburization efficiency. The large gas injection amount and the long bubble stroke increase the area of a gas outlet in the vacuum chamber, the ascending kinetic energy of the gas with large area weakens the kinetic energy of the molten steel descending, the circulation flow of the refining furnace is reduced, and the refining effect of the single-tube furnace is unstable. Therefore, the search for a vacuum refining furnace with the advantages of the traditional RH and single-tube refining furnace is particularly urgent.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, in particular to the problems that the traditional RH stroke is short, the kinetic energy of bubbles is not fully utilized for molten steel circulation, and the bubble outlet area of a single-tube refining furnace is too large to influence the circulating flow, the invention provides non-centrosymmetric vacuum refining equipment. The specific technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
the utility model provides a multi-functional non-centrosymmetric vacuum refining equipment, includes ladle, gas blowing device, real empty room, evacuating device, its characterized in that: the vacuum chamber is a non-centrosymmetric cylindrical structure, the cross section of the vacuum chamber is a communicated space formed by intersecting two vertical ellipses with long axes vertical to each other and a transverse ellipse, the long axis of the transverse ellipse and the short axis of the vertical ellipse are on the same straight line, wherein the long axis of the vertical ellipse is 1.0-1.3 times of the short axis of the transverse ellipse, and the vacuum chamber can be inserted into a ladle.
Furthermore, the cross section area of the vacuum chamber formed by the intersection of the two ellipses is 84-88% of the cross section area of the upper opening of the ladle.
Further, the intersection position of the vertical ellipse and the transverse ellipse is subjected to arc chamfering treatment.
Further, the right vertex of the transverse ellipse is between the center and the right vertex of the vertical ellipse.
Furthermore, the blowing device is arranged at the bottom of the steel ladle, and the blowing holes are arranged in a cross shape.
Further, the cross shape corresponds to the major axis and the minor axis of the vertical ellipse.
Further, the air blowing device is an air blowing nozzle or an air blowing brick.
Further, the multifunctional non-centrosymmetric vacuum refining equipment further comprises a vacuum chamber rotating device or a ladle rotating platform.
The non-centrosymmetric vacuum chamber provided by the invention reduces the mutual influence between the ascending gas column and the descending liquid flow in the single-cylinder vacuum chamber, increases the circulation efficiency and improves the stability of the refining effect; the bottom blowing gas generates a longer bubble stroke, so that more gas kinetic energy is used for circulating molten steel, the alloy mixing time in the molten steel is shortened, the splashing in a vacuum chamber is reduced compared with the traditional RH, the effects of better decarburization, deoxidation and degassing are achieved, and the removal efficiency of inclusions is especially increased.
The vacuum system is formed by intersecting two ellipses, and in order to ensure that bottom-blown gas completely enters a vacuum chamber to play a role in stirring, the ellipse of the molten steel ascending direction of the vacuum chamber is a vertical ellipse; in order to accelerate the molten steel refining treatment efficiency and increase the descending molten steel amount, the ellipse of the descending direction of the molten steel in the vacuum chamber is a transverse ellipse. If only in order to strengthen the gas stirring and remove inclusions and gas, when the requirement on the circulation flow is not high, the positions of the vertical ellipse and the transverse ellipse and the positions of the blowing holes of the steel ladle can be exchanged by utilizing a vacuum chamber rotating device or a steel ladle rotating platform, and a plurality of groups of blowing holes do not need to be additionally arranged at the bottom of the steel ladle. The bottom blowing system is formed by combining the air blowing holes which are crossed transversely and vertically, is matched with a vacuum system according to production requirements and air quantity requirements, and is used for opening the vertical holes when the upper part of each air blowing hole corresponds to a vertical ellipse.
From the flow field effect of numerical simulation, the internal circulation of the non-centrosymmetric refining equipment is less, and the average circulating flow speed of the molten steel is higher; the proportion of dead zones of the non-centrosymmetric refining equipment is less than that of RH refining and single-tube refining, and the internal kinetic energy consumption between ascending molten steel and descending molten steel is less than that of single-tube refining; the mixing time is shortened by 70% compared with RH refining and by 24% compared with single tube refining; the alloy melting efficiency and the impurity removing effect are greatly improved.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the non-centrosymmetric vacuum chamber reduces the mutual influence between the ascending gas column and the descending liquid flow in the single-cylinder vacuum chamber, increases the circulation efficiency and improves the stability of the refining effect.
(2) The invention can utilize the vacuum chamber rotating device or the ladle rotating platform to rotate the vacuum chamber or the ladle for 180 degrees, and can switch the process operation according to the smelting requirement by matching with the air blowing holes arranged crosswise.
(3) The non-centrosymmetry arrangement of the invention reduces the dead zone proportion, the average circulating flow speed of the molten steel is higher, the uniform mixing time is shortened, and the alloy melting efficiency and the inclusion removal effect are improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a front view of the multifunctional non-centrosymmetric vacuum refining apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a top view of the multi-functional non-centrosymmetric vacuum refining apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a diagram of a numerical simulation flow field of an RH refining furnace;
FIG. 4 is a numerical simulation flow field diagram of a single tube refining furnace;
FIG. 5 is a numerical simulation flow field diagram of a non-centrosymmetric finer.
Detailed Description
In order to better explain the present invention and facilitate the understanding of the technical solutions of the present invention, the technical solutions of the present invention are further described below with reference to specific embodiments. The following examples are merely illustrative of the present invention and do not represent or limit the scope of the present invention, which is defined by the claims.
As shown in fig. 1-2, the multifunctional non-centrosymmetric vacuum refining equipment provided by the invention comprises a ladle 1, a blowing device (not shown in the figure), a vacuum chamber 2 and a vacuumizing device (not shown in the figure), wherein the vacuum chamber 1 is of a non-centrosymmetric cylindrical structure, the cross section of the vacuum chamber is a communicated space formed by intersecting two vertical ellipses 3 and transverse ellipses 4 with long axes vertical to each other, the communicated space is arranged between an RH refining furnace and a single-nozzle refining furnace, and lifting gas rises from one elliptical cylinder body and falls from the other elliptical cylinder body to complete the circulating process of molten steel.
According to an embodiment of the present application, in which the ratio of the vertical ellipse to the transverse ellipse is not particularly limited, it is preferable that the major axis of the vertical ellipse 3 is 1.0 to 1.3 times the minor axis of the transverse ellipse 4, and it is possible to ensure that the vacuum chamber after cross communication can be inserted into the ladle to a predetermined depth. Further preferably, the cross section area of the inner diameter of the vacuum chamber formed after the two ellipses are intersected is 84-88% of the cross section area of the upper opening of the ladle, so that a better effect during circular mixing can be ensured.
According to an embodiment of the application, it is right the crossing position of vertical ellipse 3 and horizontal ellipse 4 has carried out the arc chamfering processing, avoids circulating molten steel constantly to erode convex arris border refractory material and causes the corruption to the vacuum chamber lining, reduces the influence of inclusion to molten steel cleanliness factor.
The shape of the cross section of the vacuum chamber of the present invention, i.e., the position where the vertical ellipse 3 intersects the transverse ellipse 4, is not particularly limited, and it is preferable that the right vertex of the transverse ellipse 4 is located between the center and the right vertex of the vertical ellipse 3.
The blowing device is arranged at the bottom of the steel ladle, the blowing holes 5 are arranged in a cross shape, and the cross shape corresponds to the long axis and the short axis of the vertical ellipse. According to one embodiment of the invention, the blowing means 5 are blowing nozzles; according to another embodiment of the invention, the blowing means 5 are blowing tiles.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the multifunctional non-centrosymmetric vacuum refining equipment further comprises a vacuum chamber rotating device or a ladle rotating platform, and the corresponding positions of the cross-shaped blowing holes 5 of the ladle and the vacuum chamber 2 can be adjusted according to smelting conditions and specific requirements, so that different functions can be operated.
The inventor carries out numerical simulation of vacuum circulation refining on an RH refining furnace, a single-nozzle refining furnace and a non-centrosymmetric refining furnace, and flow field diagrams of the numerical simulation are shown in figures 3-5, so that the flow field diagrams of the numerical simulation are shown as the figures, the internal circulation of non-centrosymmetric refining equipment is less, the average circulating flow speed of molten steel is higher, the dead zone proportion is less than that of RH refining and single-tube refining, and the internal kinetic energy consumption between ascending molten steel and descending molten steel is less than that of single-tube refining.
The invention also carries out water model test on the non-centrosymmetric vacuum refining furnace, measures the circulation flow through the ultrasonic flowmeter, measures the mixing time through the tracer, and has the following specific implementation mode.
Example 1
The vacuum chamber is formed by intersecting two ellipses, the long axis of the vertical ellipse at the ascending end is equal to the short axis of the transverse ellipse, the right vertex of the transverse ellipse is just communicated with the center of the vertical ellipse to design the vacuum chamber, the cross section area of the vacuum chamber is 84 percent of that of the upper opening of the ladle, a gas blowing hole in the direction of the long axis is opened to simulate the mixing condition of materials under the condition that the quantity of lifting gas is 3000L/min, and the circulation flow is 6.12 m/min through tracer test research3And h, the material mixing time is 40 s.
Example 2
The vacuum chamber is formed by intersecting two ellipses, the long axis of the vertical ellipse at the ascending end is 1.3 times of the short axis of the transverse ellipse, and the right vertex of the transverse ellipse is just right at the right vertex of the vertical ellipseA vacuum chamber is designed in a line communication way, the cross section area of the vacuum chamber is 88 percent of that of the upper opening of the ladle, a gas blowing hole in the long axis direction is opened, the mixing condition of materials under the condition that the quantity of lifting gas is 3000L/min is simulated, and the circulation flow is 6.28m through tracer test research3And h, the material mixing time is 38 s.
Example 3
The vacuum chamber is formed by intersecting two symmetrical circles, when the simulated lifting gas quantity is 3000L/min, the cross-sectional area of the vacuum chamber is 90% of that of the upper opening of the ladle, and the mixing condition of the materials is obtained through tracer simulation test research, and when the vacuum chamber is formed by intersecting two symmetrical circles, the circulation flow of the vacuum chamber is 4.12m3And h, the material mixing time is 57 s.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.
Claims (8)
1. The utility model provides a multi-functional non-centrosymmetric vacuum refining equipment, includes ladle, gas blowing device, real empty room, evacuating device, its characterized in that: the vacuum chamber is of a non-centrosymmetric cylindrical structure, the cross section of the vacuum chamber is a communicated space formed by intersecting two vertical ellipses with long axes vertical to each other and a transverse ellipse, the long axis of the transverse ellipse and the short axis of the vertical ellipse are on the same straight line, the long axis of the vertical ellipse is 1.0-1.3 times of the short axis of the transverse ellipse, and the vacuum chamber can be inserted into a ladle.
2. The multifunctional non-centrally symmetric vacuum refining apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the cross section area of the inner diameter of the vacuum chamber formed after the two ellipses are intersected is 84-88% of the cross section area of the upper opening of the ladle.
3. The multifunctional non-centrally symmetric vacuum refining apparatus of claim 1, wherein: and arc chamfering processing is carried out on the intersection position of the vertical ellipse and the transverse ellipse.
4. The multifunctional non-centrally symmetric vacuum refining apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the right vertex of the transverse ellipse is located between the center and the right vertex of the vertical ellipse.
5. The multifunctional non-centrally symmetric vacuum refining apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the blowing device is arranged at the bottom of the steel ladle, and the blowing holes are arranged in a cross shape.
6. The multifunctional non-centrally symmetric vacuum refining apparatus of claim 5, wherein: the cross shape corresponds to the major axis and the minor axis of the vertical ellipse.
7. The multifunctional non-centrally symmetric vacuum refining apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the blowing device is a blowing nozzle or a blowing brick.
8. The multifunctional non-centrally symmetric vacuum refining apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the multifunctional non-centrosymmetric vacuum refining equipment further comprises a vacuum chamber rotating device or a ladle rotating platform.
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| CN202111569790.1A CN113957203B (en) | 2021-12-21 | 2021-12-21 | Multifunctional non-centrosymmetric vacuum refining equipment |
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| CN202111569790.1A CN113957203B (en) | 2021-12-21 | 2021-12-21 | Multifunctional non-centrosymmetric vacuum refining equipment |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115637307A (en) * | 2022-09-30 | 2023-01-24 | 首钢集团有限公司 | Converter and control method of converter bottom blowing |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN115637307A (en) * | 2022-09-30 | 2023-01-24 | 首钢集团有限公司 | Converter and control method of converter bottom blowing |
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