CN113948734B - fuel cell stack - Google Patents
fuel cell stack Download PDFInfo
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- CN113948734B CN113948734B CN202111205957.6A CN202111205957A CN113948734B CN 113948734 B CN113948734 B CN 113948734B CN 202111205957 A CN202111205957 A CN 202111205957A CN 113948734 B CN113948734 B CN 113948734B
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- fuel cell
- flow
- flow field
- cathode
- fuel
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/0258—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant
- H01M8/026—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant characterised by grooves, e.g. their pitch or depth
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/0258—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant
- H01M8/0263—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant having meandering or serpentine paths
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04029—Heat exchange using liquids
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04701—Temperature
- H01M8/04708—Temperature of fuel cell reactants
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Abstract
The embodiment of the invention discloses a fuel cell stack, which comprises two end plates and a plurality of fuel cell units stacked between the two end plates, wherein each fuel cell unit comprises two stack polar plates and a membrane electrode assembly clamped between the two stack polar plates, each stack polar plate is provided with a reaction flow field and a fuel notch communicated with the reaction flow field, the fuel notches of the plurality of fuel cell units are opposite and communicated to form a main runner, and a mesh screen or/and a porous pipe are arranged in the main runner. The fuel cell stack can greatly improve the reaction efficiency of the fuel cell stack, thereby improving the overall power generation efficiency of the fuel cell, and improving the safety performance of the fuel cell stack so as to effectively improve the effect and contribution rate of the fuel cell in energy conservation and emission reduction.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fuel cells, in particular to a fuel cell stack with high combustion reaction efficiency and good safety performance.
Background
Fuel cells have been recognized as the first choice of the next generation of clean energy, which is one of the major tools for realizing the harmony of the environment and human beings in the future, and in view of this, the research on fuel cells is more and more advanced; fuel cells are classified into proton exchange membrane fuel cells, solid oxide fuel cells, molten carbonate fuel cells, phosphoric acid fuel cells, and the like, according to the electrolyte. In the entire fuel cell system, the stack is the core device of the fuel cell. It can be said that all the fuel cells are not separated from the stack device.
At present, a fuel cell stack has technical problems such as unsmooth drainage, too short or too long residence time of fuel in the stack, uneven distribution of fluid flow obtained by distribution of channels in each unit cell, and the like, so that poor performance of the fuel cell is caused, and the probability of occurrence of a counter electrode phenomenon in the stack is increased, and therefore, it is necessary to develop and design a stack device capable of further improving the combustion reaction efficiency and the safety performance of the stack.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a fuel cell stack, which can greatly improve the reaction efficiency of the fuel cell stack, thereby improving the overall power generation efficiency of a fuel cell, improving the safety performance of the fuel cell stack and effectively improving the effect and contribution rate of the fuel cell in energy conservation and emission reduction.
The technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows:
a fuel cell stack comprising two end plates, a plurality of fuel cell units stacked between the two end plates, each fuel cell unit comprising two stack plates and a membrane electrode assembly sandwiched between the two stack plates, one of the stack plates having a cathode reaction flow field oriented to the membrane electrode assembly, a cathode first fuel slot communicating with an inlet of the cathode reaction flow field and a cathode second fuel slot communicating with an outlet of the cathode reaction flow field, the other stack plate having an anode reaction flow field oriented to the membrane electrode assembly, an anode first fuel slot communicating with an inlet of the anode reaction flow field and an anode second fuel slot communicating with an outlet of the anode reaction flow field; the first fuel slots of the cathodes of the fuel cell units are opposite and communicated to form a first main cathode flow channel, and the second fuel slots of the cathodes of the fuel cell units are opposite and communicated to form a second main cathode flow channel; the first fuel slots of the anodes of the fuel cell units are opposite and communicated to form an anode first main runner, and the second fuel slots of the anodes of the fuel cell units are opposite and communicated to form an anode second main runner; the end plate is provided with external connection pipes corresponding to the cathode first main runner, the cathode second main runner, the anode first main runner and the anode second main runner respectively; the cathode first main runner, the cathode second main runner, the anode first main runner, the anode second main runner and the external connection pipe are internally provided with a mesh screen or/and a porous pipe is arranged in at least one of the cathode first main runner, the cathode second main runner, the anode first main runner and the anode second main runner.
Further, the wall of the porous pipe is provided with a plurality of through holes which are arrayed and uniformly distributed.
Further, the mesh screen in at least one of the cathode first main runner, the cathode second main runner, the anode first main runner and the anode second main runner is arranged along the radial direction of the runner or/and along the inner wall of the runner.
Further, the inner wall or/and the outer wall or/and the radial direction of the porous pipe is/are provided with a mesh screen.
Further, a current collecting plate is arranged between each end plate and each adjacent fuel cell unit, a wiring body for outputting electric power is formed on the current collecting plate, the current collecting plates are mutually insulated from the end plates, and the current collecting plates are mutually electrically conducted with the fuel cell units.
Further, the cathode reaction flow field comprises a main reaction flow field positioned in the middle part and two diversion flow fields positioned at two ends of the main reaction flow field, each diversion flow field comprises a plurality of diversion flow channels, one diversion flow field is communicated with the first fuel notch of the cathode and the main reaction flow field, the other diversion flow field is communicated with the second fuel notch of the cathode and the main reaction flow field, and the plurality of diversion flow channels of at least one diversion flow field are in a radial shape which diverges from the first fuel notch of the cathode or the second fuel notch of the cathode to the main reaction flow field.
Further, the diversion flow field comprises a primary diversion flow field and a secondary diversion flow field which are mutually communicated, the primary diversion flow field is in a radial shape which diverges towards the main reaction flow field by taking the first fuel notch of the cathode or the second fuel notch of the cathode as a starting point, and the secondary diversion flow field is composed of a plurality of column points which are arranged in an array shape.
Further, a flow channel ridge is formed between two adjacent flow guide flow channels, and a plurality of serial flow holes communicated with the two adjacent flow guide flow channels are formed on the flow channel ridge.
Further, the main reaction flow field is a parallel flow field, the parallel flow field is composed of a plurality of mutually parallel sub-flow channels, the sub-flow channels extend along a first direction, the first direction is the connection line direction of one end of a feed inlet and one end of a discharge outlet of the galvanic pile polar plate, and the sub-flow channels are straight flow channels or serpentine flow channels.
Further, the main reaction flow field is a V-shaped flow field, the V-shaped flow field is composed of a plurality of mutually parallel sub-flow channels, the sub-flow channels extend along a second direction, and the second direction is a direction perpendicular to a connecting line of one end of a feed inlet and one end of a discharge outlet of the galvanic pile polar plate; the sub-flow channels are folded ruler-shaped flow channels or serpentine flow channels; each sub-runner is a region between two ridges extending along the second direction, and a plurality of channels are formed on each ridge at intervals.
Further, the channels on two adjacent ridges are staggered from each other in a direction perpendicular to the sub-flow channels.
Further, the shape of the diversion flow field is triangle, trapezoid or chord.
Further, sealing and isolating gaskets are arranged between two pile electrode plates of each fuel cell unit, between two adjacent fuel cell units and between the end plate and the fuel cell unit adjacent to the end plate, and the sealing and isolating gaskets and the membrane electrode assemblies between the two pile electrode plates form an assembly.
Further, a performance detection socket is arranged on the pile electrode plate, and the performance detection socket comprises a temperature detection socket, a flow detection socket and a pressure working condition detection socket.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: compared with the existing electric pile, the high-efficiency fuel cell electric pile has higher reaction efficiency; the power generation capacity of the electric pile is stronger; the reverse polarity probability in the operation of the electric pile is lower or can be stopped, and the better reliability of the safe operation of the battery can be increased.
Firstly, the screen and the porous pipe structure are arranged in the electric pile, so that the control of the fluid kinetic energy form is realized, and the flow of each sub-runner in the electric pile can be distributed uniformly, so that the uniformity of the overall reaction of the electric pile is improved effectively, the counter-electrode phenomenon possibly occurring in the electric pile is reduced or greatly reduced or avoided, and the safety and the efficiency of the fuel cell are further improved.
Secondly, by improving the flow guide flow field structure on the cathode reaction flow field (flow dividing channel) of the electric pile polar plate, the flow guide flow field (a plurality of flow guide flow channels) is designed to be radial which diverges to the main reaction flow field by taking the first fuel notch or the second fuel notch of the cathode as a starting point, so that the flow guide flow field is also used as an important component part of the cathode reaction flow field, the flow guide flow field is also participated in the reaction of the cathode reaction flow field, the fuel can be fully distributed on the whole cathode reaction flow field, and the fuel entering the reaction flow field is fully participated in the electrochemical combustion reaction, thus not only effectively improving the electrochemical reaction efficiency of the main reaction flow field of the electric pile reaction field, but also effectively eliminating some reaction dead zones or reaction dead angles possibly existing in the electric pile reaction field, thereby improving the overall reaction efficiency of the electric pile.
Thirdly, the diversion flow field of the cathode reaction flow field of the electric pile is divided into a primary diversion flow field and a secondary diversion flow field, and the secondary diversion flow field is designed to be composed of a plurality of column points which are arrayed, preferably, the arrangement of the column points is designed to be cylindrical or curved surface column-shaped, so that the air flow disturbance can be increased, the support area of mea can be increased, the contact resistance is reduced, the gas exchange is promoted, the wetting area of mass transfer is further increased, and the wetting angle of mass transfer is reduced, so that the mass transfer efficiency in the combustion reaction is effectively improved, the combustion reaction efficiency of the electric pile is further improved, and the power generation efficiency of a fuel cell is improved. Preferably, the heights of the plurality of pillar points are equal.
Fourthly, by improving the flow channel structure of the main reaction flow field of the sub-flow channels of the galvanic pile polar plate, the main reaction flow field is designed to be composed of a plurality of sub-flow channels which are mutually parallel, the sub-flow channels extend along a second direction, the second direction is a direction perpendicular to the connection line of one end of the feed inlet and one end of the discharge outlet of the galvanic pile polar plate, the sub-flow channels are designed into folded ruler-shaped flow channels or serpentine flow channels, and a plurality of channels are arranged on two ridges which form each sub-flow channel and extend along the second direction at intervals; the flow mode of the fluid in the flow channel can be enabled to show the rolling characteristics of longitudinal and transverse and fluctuation, and the fluid can mutually collide, so that the fluid is extremely easy to obtain a turbulent flow state under the condition of low Rayleigh number, the turbulent flow fluid can not only accelerate the mass transfer rate of the electrochemical reaction, but also reduce the heat transfer resistance in the exothermic reaction process, thereby further improving the reaction efficiency of the electric pile combustion reaction and effectively improving the power generation performance or the power generation efficiency of the fuel cell. In the same principle, a plurality of serial flow holes communicated with two adjacent diversion flow channels can be formed on the flow channel ridge of the two adjacent diversion flow channels.
Fifthly, the reaction temperature of the electric pile is monitored on line constantly, the monitored reaction temperature is timely transmitted to an automatic control heat exchange system outside the electric pile through an electric pile external control communication system, so that the reaction temperature of the electric pile can be always kept at the optimal working condition, and the electric pile is always in the working condition of optimal combustion reaction efficiency. The flow of the pile electrode plate is monitored on line constantly, and the supply flow of the pile fuel is timely transmitted to a flow automatic control system outside the pile through a pile external control communication system and is regulated, so that the pile is always in the working condition of optimal combustion reaction efficiency. Meanwhile, the working voltage of the electric pile is monitored on line constantly, when abnormal counter-electrode voltage occurs to the working voltage, emergency treatment for ensuring the safety of the battery can be rapidly carried out in the first time through an automatic safety protection control system outside the electric pile, and the safety of the battery operation is ensured.
And sixthly, the membrane electrode assembly of the galvanic pile and the sealing isolation gasket are combined into a new integrated assembly, so that the construction of a standardized and large-scale production line of the galvanic pile is facilitated.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a fuel cell stack according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of one embodiment of a stack plate according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of another embodiment of a stack plate according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of yet another embodiment of a stack plate according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of one embodiment of a mesh screen of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic representation of one embodiment of a perforated tube in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of one embodiment of a membrane electrode assembly according to the present invention;
the following description is made with reference to the accompanying drawings:
1-end plate, 2-stack plate, 21-reaction flow field, 22-cathode first fuel slot, 23-cathode second fuel slot, 3-membrane electrode assembly, 31-electrolyte membrane, 32-catalyst, 33-molecular diffusion layer, 4-mesh screen, 5-porous tube, 51-through hole, 6-current collecting plate, 61-connection body, 7-sealing isolation gasket, 8-external connection tube, 9-performance detection socket, 10-fastening device, 20-main flow channel, 211-main reaction flow field, 212-diversion flow field, 213-diversion flow channel, 2121-primary diversion flow field, 2122-secondary diversion flow field, 214-flow channel ridge, 210-pillar point, 220-ridge, 230-channel, x-first direction, y-second direction, z-direction perpendicular to direction of sub flow channel.
Detailed Description
In order that the technical content of the present invention may be more clearly understood, the following detailed description of the embodiments is given only for better understanding of the content of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. The components in the structures of the drawings of the embodiments are not to scale and thus do not represent actual relative sizes of the structures in the embodiments. Wherein the upper or upper side of said structure or face comprises the case of other layers in between.
Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a fuel cell stack according to an embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of one embodiment of a stack plate according to the present invention; FIG. 3 is a schematic view of another embodiment of a stack plate according to the present invention; FIG. 4 is a schematic view of yet another embodiment of a stack plate according to the present invention; FIG. 5 is a schematic view of one embodiment of a mesh screen of the present invention; FIG. 6 is a schematic representation of one embodiment of a perforated tube in accordance with the present invention; FIG. 7 is a schematic view of one embodiment of a membrane electrode assembly according to the present invention; as shown in fig. 1, 2, 4, 5, 6 and 7, the present embodiment proposes a fuel cell stack including two end plates 1, a plurality of fuel cell units stacked between the two end plates, each of the fuel cell units including two stack plates 2 and a membrane electrode assembly 3 interposed between the two stack plates, one of the stack plates having a cathode reaction flow field 21 toward the membrane electrode assembly, a cathode first fuel slot 22 communicating with an inlet of the cathode reaction flow field, and a cathode second fuel slot 23 communicating with an outlet of the cathode reaction flow field, the other of the stack plates having an anode reaction flow field toward the membrane electrode assembly, an anode first fuel slot communicating with an inlet of the anode reaction flow field, and an anode second fuel slot communicating with an outlet of the anode reaction flow field; the first fuel slots of the cathodes of the fuel cell units are opposite and communicated to form a first main cathode flow channel, and the second fuel slots of the cathodes of the fuel cell units are opposite and communicated to form a second main cathode flow channel; the first fuel slots of the anodes of the fuel cell units are opposite and communicated to form an anode first main runner, and the second fuel slots of the anodes of the fuel cell units are opposite and communicated to form an anode second main runner; the end plate is provided with an external connection pipe 8 which corresponds to the first cathode main runner, the second cathode main runner, the first anode main runner and the second anode main runner respectively; the cathode first main runner, the cathode second main runner, the anode first main runner, the anode second main runner and the external connection pipe are provided with a mesh screen 4 or/and at least one of the cathode first main runner, the cathode second main runner, the anode first main runner and the anode second main runner is provided with a porous pipe 5. In this way, the screen mesh and the porous pipe structure are arranged in the electric pile (comprising the main runners and the external connecting pipes), so that the control of the kinetic energy form of the fluid is realized, the flow of each sub-runner in the electric pile can be distributed uniformly, the uniformity of the overall reaction of the electric pile is improved effectively, the counter-electrode phenomenon possibly occurring in the electric pile is reduced or greatly reduced or avoided, and the safety and the efficiency of the fuel cell are further improved.
In the above structure, the end plate of the pile can be made of metal material, or non-metal material or composite material; the galvanic pile is also provided with a fastening device 10, and the fastening device 10 can be in a bolt, stud and nut structure, can also be a fastening device in a binding structure of other structures, and the like.
In the structure, the first main flow channel of the cathode, the second main flow channel of the cathode, the first main flow channel of the anode and the second main flow channel of the anode are collectively called as main flow channels, and the cathode reaction flow field and the anode reaction flow field are collectively called as sub-flow channels; the main runner is communicated with each branch runner in the pile, the main runner is used for guiding external flow to each branch runner, and the section shape of the main runner can be in different shapes such as a circle, an ellipse, a triangle, a rectangle, a square, a polygon and the like; the cross-sectional area of the main flow passage in the longitudinal direction may be uniform or may be varied in the longitudinal direction.
In the above structure, the membrane electrode assembly is sandwiched between two pile electrode plates, for example, one pile electrode plate is a cathode plate and the other pile electrode plate is an anode plate, and then the membrane electrode assembly is arranged between the cathode and anode shunt channels on the cathode and anode plates. The membrane electrode assembly can be a membrane electrode assembly of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell, a membrane electrode assembly of a solid oxide fuel cell, a membrane electrode assembly of a molten carbonate fuel cell, a membrane electrode assembly of a phosphoric acid fuel cell, or the like; referring to fig. 7, the membrane electrode assembly is a composite assembly of an electrolyte membrane 31, a catalyst 32, and a molecular diffusion layer 33; wherein the molecular diffusion layer is made of porous overlapped fiber materials; the number of the membrane electrode assemblies in the electric pile is one half of the total number of the flow channels in the electric pile or equal to the number of the anode flow channels or the number of the cathode flow channels.
Preferably, sealing and isolating gaskets 7 are arranged between two pile electrode plates of each fuel cell unit, between two adjacent fuel cell units and between the end plate and the adjacent fuel cell unit, and the sealing and isolating gaskets and the membrane electrode assemblies between the two pile electrode plates form an assembly. The sealing isolation gasket is a product piece made of various rubbers (such as silicon rubber, ethylene propylene diene monomer, etc.), various metals, various non-metals (such as asbestos, graphite, various polymers, etc.), etc.; the thickness of the sealing isolation gasket is 0.1-10 mm. The sealing gasket can be directly attached to the bipolar plate, the thickness of the sealing gasket can be very thin, and the sealing groove can be prevented from being formed on the bipolar plate, so that the thickness of the bipolar plate can be reduced, the bipolar plate can be made thinner, and the volume and the weight of a galvanic pile are reduced. And the membrane electrode assembly between the sealing isolation gasket and the two pile electrode plates forms an assembly, which is beneficial to the construction of standardized and large-scale production lines of piles.
Preferably, referring to fig. 6, the porous tube has a plurality of through holes 51 formed in an array and uniformly arranged on a wall thereof. Thus, the fluid passing through the porous pipe can be more uniformly distributed to each sub-runner in the electric pile, so that the flow distribution of the whole electric pile is more uniform, the possible counter-electrode phenomenon of the electric pile is reduced or greatly reduced or avoided, and the safety and the efficiency of the fuel cell are further improved. The length of the porous tube is equal to or less than the total length of the main runner of the galvanic pile; the cross-sectional shape of the perforated pipe and the cross-sectional area along the length direction are changed to be consistent with the main flow channel; typically, the nominal outer diameter of the cross section of the perforated tube is less than the nominal diameter of the primary flow channels, and the profile volume of the perforated tube is also less than the volume of the primary flow channels of the stack; the porous tube may be perforated with 50 to 200 mesh holes and may have a predetermined number of holes, or may have a predetermined number of holes and a predetermined diameter of holes.
Preferably, referring to fig. 5, the mesh screen in at least one of the cathode first main runner, the cathode second main runner, the anode first main runner and the anode second main runner is arranged along a radial direction of the runner or/and along an inner wall of the runner. That is, the mesh screens in the main flow channel are arranged along the radial direction of the flow channel or/and along the inner wall of the flow channel. The inner wall or/and the outer wall or/and the radial direction of the porous pipe is/are provided with a mesh screen; thus, the mesh screen may be disposed at the inlet of the main flow channel of the fuel cell stack, for example, at 0 to 100mm, and may be disposed on the inner wall or the outer wall of the porous tube or inside the porous tube; the arrangement of the mesh screen can uniformly distribute the flow of each sub-runner in the electric pile, so that the flow distribution of the whole electric pile is more uniform, the possible counter-electrode phenomenon of the electric pile is reduced or greatly avoided, and the safety and the efficiency of the fuel cell are further improved. The mesh number of the mesh screen is preferably 50 to 400 mesh; the number of the layers or the number of the layers of the mesh screen is preferably 1-6; preferably, there should be at least 1 and up to N mesh screen arrangements in the stack.
In the above structure, the external connection pipe 8 is used as a joint for external connection, and the position of the external connection pipe corresponds to the position of the main flow channel. The plurality of outer connecting pipes can be arranged on the same end plate at the same time, and can also be distributed to two end plates at two ends; the external connection pipe can be a threaded joint, can also be other types of joints, such as a butt welding joint or a quick-connection joint (such as a pagoda cannula joint and other quick-connection joints), is provided with a mesh screen, and can uniformly distribute the flow in the electric pile, so that the flow distribution of the whole electric pile is more uniform, the possible counter-electrode phenomenon of the electric pile is reduced or greatly reduced or avoided, and the safety and the efficiency of the fuel cell are further improved.
Preferably, a current collecting plate 6 is disposed between each end plate and the adjacent fuel cell unit, a wiring body 61 for outputting electric power is formed on the current collecting plate, the current collecting plate and the end plate are insulated from each other, and the current collecting plate and the fuel cell unit are electrically conducted with each other. The current collecting plate is usually processed into a required shape by adopting a metal copper plate, the structure of the current collecting plate is divided into a current collecting surface and a wiring body, the current collecting surface is used for being contacted with a bipolar plate (such as a graphite polar plate) of a galvanic pile, the current of the galvanic pile is collected, and the wiring body is used for being connected with an external lead to supply power for a load. The material of the connection body can be a metal (such as copper) material, a non-metal material (such as graphite, graphene and the like), a composite metal material (such as metal composite materials of gold, silver, copper.
Preferably, referring to fig. 2, 3 and 4, the cathode reaction flow field includes a main reaction flow field 211 located in the middle and two diversion flow fields 212 located at two ends of the main reaction flow field, each diversion flow field includes a plurality of diversion flow channels, one diversion flow field is communicated with the first main flow channel of the cathode and the main reaction flow field, the other diversion flow field is communicated with the second main flow channel of the cathode and the main reaction flow field, and the plurality of diversion flow channels of at least one diversion flow field are radial with the first main flow channel of the cathode or the second main flow channel of the cathode as a starting point and diverged towards the main reaction flow field. As a preferred embodiment, referring to fig. 2, the plurality of flow channels of one flow field are each in a radial shape that diverges toward the main reaction flow field with the cathode first fuel slot as a start point. The plurality of diversion flow channels of the other diversion flow field are all in radial shapes which are diverged to the main reaction flow field by taking the second fuel notch of the cathode as a starting point. However, in other embodiments, only one of the flow-directing flow fields may be designed to diverge radially from the corresponding fuel slot to the primary reaction flow field. In this way, by improving the flow guide flow field structure on the cathode reaction flow field of the electric pile polar plate, the flow guide flow field is designed into a radial shape which diverges from the main flow channel to the main reaction flow field, the flow guide flow field can be used as an important component of the cathode reaction flow field, the flow guide flow field can also participate in the reaction of the cathode reaction flow field, the fuel can be fully distributed on the whole cathode reaction flow field, and the fuel entering the reaction field can all participate in the electrochemical combustion reaction, thus not only effectively improving the electrochemical reaction efficiency of the main reaction flow field of the electric pile reaction field, but also effectively eliminating some reaction dead zones or reaction dead angles possibly existing in the electric pile reaction field, thereby improving the overall reaction efficiency of the electric pile.
Preferably, referring to fig. 3 and fig. 4, the flow guiding flow fields include a primary flow guiding flow field 2121 and a secondary flow guiding flow field 2122 which are mutually communicated, the primary flow guiding flow field is in a radial shape which diverges from the cathode first main flow channel or the cathode second main flow channel as a starting point to the main reaction flow field, and the secondary flow guiding flow field is composed of a plurality of column points 210 which are arranged in an array shape. In this way, the diversion flow field is designed to comprise a primary diversion flow field and a secondary diversion flow field which are mutually communicated, and the primary diversion flow field is in a radial shape which diverges from the primary flow channel to the primary reaction flow field, so that the diversion flow field is also used as an important component of the cathode reaction flow field, and the diversion flow field also participates in the reaction of the cathode reaction flow field. And the secondary diversion flow field of the cathode reaction flow field of the electric pile is designed to be composed of a plurality of column points which are arrayed, the arrangement of the column points can enlarge the air flow disturbance, increase the support area of mea, reduce the contact resistance, promote the air exchange, further increase the wet area of mass transfer and reduce the wet angle of mass transfer, thereby effectively improving the mass transfer efficiency in the combustion reaction, further improving the combustion reaction efficiency of the electric pile and being beneficial to improving the power generation efficiency of the fuel cell. Preferably, the parking points are designed into a cylindrical shape or a curved surface cylindrical shape, for example, the parking points can be in different shapes such as cylinders, hemispheres or sphere segments, sphere tables, cone tables, regular and irregular polygonal cone tables and the like; the shape of the top surface of the standing point can be different top surface shapes such as a plane, a spherical surface or an arc transition surface; preferably, the surfaces formed by the top positions of the standing points on the sub-runners formed by the arrangement of the standing points are all on the same plane, the heights of the standing points are equal, and the plane of the top positions of the standing points is parallel to the reference plane of the pile electrode plate. As a preferred embodiment, the present embodiment designs both of the two flow guiding flow fields to include the primary flow guiding flow field 2121 and the secondary flow guiding flow field 2122 which are communicated with each other, but not limited thereto, and in other embodiments, only one flow guiding flow field may be designed to include the primary flow guiding flow field and the secondary flow guiding flow field which are communicated with each other, and the other flow guiding flow field is not divided into two stages.
Preferably, a flow channel ridge 214 is formed between two adjacent flow guide channels, and a plurality of serial flow holes which are communicated with the two adjacent flow guide channels are formed on the flow channel ridge. Therefore, the flow mode of the fluid in each diversion flow passage can show the rolling characteristics of longitudinal and transverse and fluctuation, and the fluid can mutually collide, so that the fluid is extremely easy to obtain a turbulent flow state under the condition of low Rayleigh number, the turbulent flow fluid can not only accelerate the mass transfer rate of electrochemical reaction, but also reduce the heat transfer resistance in the exothermic reaction process, thereby further improving the reaction efficiency of the electric pile combustion reaction and effectively improving the power generation performance or the power generation efficiency of the fuel cell.
Preferably, referring to fig. 3, as an embodiment of the main reaction flow field, the main reaction flow field is a parallel flow field, the parallel flow field is composed of a plurality of mutually parallel sub-flow channels, the sub-flow channels extend along a first direction x, the first direction is a connection line direction of one end of a feed port and one end of a discharge port of the galvanic pile plate, and the sub-flow channels are straight flow channels or serpentine flow channels.
Preferably, referring to fig. 2 and fig. 4, as another embodiment of the main reaction flow field, the main reaction flow field is a V-shaped flow field, the V-shaped flow field is composed of a plurality of mutually parallel sub-flow channels, the sub-flow channels extend along a second direction y, and the second direction is a direction perpendicular to a connection line between one end of a feed port and one end of a discharge port of the galvanic pile plate; the sub-flow channels are folded ruler-shaped flow channels or serpentine flow channels; each of the sub-channels is a region between two ridges 220 extending along the second direction, and a plurality of channels 230 are formed on each ridge at intervals. In this way, by improving the flow channel structure of the main reaction flow field of the galvanic pile plate, the main reaction flow field is designed to be composed of a plurality of mutually parallel sub-flow channels, the sub-flow channels extend along a second direction, the second direction is a direction perpendicular to the connection line of one end of the feed inlet and one end of the discharge outlet of the galvanic pile plate, the sub-flow channels are designed to be folded ruler-shaped flow channels or serpentine flow channels, and a plurality of channels are arranged on two ridges which form each sub-flow channel and extend along the second direction at intervals; the flow mode of the fluid in the flow channel can be enabled to show the rolling characteristics of longitudinal and transverse and fluctuation, and the fluid can mutually collide, so that the fluid is extremely easy to obtain a turbulent flow state under the condition of low Rayleigh number, the turbulent flow fluid can not only accelerate the mass transfer rate of the electrochemical reaction, but also reduce the heat transfer resistance in the exothermic reaction process, thereby further improving the reaction efficiency of the electric pile combustion reaction and effectively improving the power generation performance or the power generation efficiency of the fuel cell.
Preferably, the channels on two adjacent ridges are offset from each other in a direction z perpendicular to the sub-channels. Therefore, fluid in the flow channel can mutually collide and wind, so that a turbulent flow state is extremely easy to obtain, the turbulent flow fluid can not only accelerate the mass transfer rate of the electrochemical reaction, but also reduce the heat transfer resistance in the exothermic reaction process, thereby further improving the reaction efficiency of the pile combustion reaction and effectively improving the power generation performance or the power generation efficiency of the fuel cell.
Preferably, the shape of the diversion flow field is triangle, trapezoid or chord. For example, as a preferred embodiment, the triangular flow guiding flow field takes the main reaction flow field as a right-angle side, takes one side of the main reaction flow field extending along the first direction as another right-angle side, and takes a connecting line of the main flow channel and the other side of the main reaction flow field extending along the first direction as a bevel side. The trapezoid flow guiding flow field takes the main reaction flow field as a lower bottom edge, takes a part of the main flow channel extending along the second direction y as an upper bottom edge, and takes one side of the main reaction flow field extending along the first direction as a high side; the chord-shaped flow guide flow field takes the main reaction flow field as the chord length. The lengths of the plurality of sub-flow channels of the main reaction flow field can be equal, but also can be unequal; preferably, the ridge height of the two-stage diversion flow passage is equal; preferably, the ridge height dimension is 0.05-2.5 mm; the geometry formed by the sub-runner ridges or the bottoms of the sub-runners may be flat, arcuate, or rounded.
Preferably, a performance detection socket 9 is arranged on the pile electrode plate, and the performance detection socket comprises a temperature detection socket, a flow detection socket and a pressure working condition detection socket. Therefore, the reaction temperature of the electric pile is monitored on line constantly, the monitored reaction temperature is timely transmitted to an automatic control heat exchange system outside the electric pile through an electric pile external control communication system, the reaction temperature of the electric pile can be always kept at the optimal working condition, and the electric pile is always in the working condition of optimal combustion reaction efficiency. The flow of the pile electrode plate is monitored on line constantly, and the supply flow of the pile fuel is timely transmitted to a flow automatic control system outside the pile through a pile external control communication system and is regulated, so that the pile is always in the working condition of optimal combustion reaction efficiency. Meanwhile, the working voltage of the electric pile is monitored on line constantly, when abnormal counter-electrode voltage occurs to the working voltage, emergency treatment for ensuring the safety of the battery can be rapidly carried out in the first time through an automatic safety protection control system outside the electric pile, and the safety of the battery operation is ensured. Preferably, each pile electrode plate is provided with a performance detection socket 9, and the shape of the performance detection socket can be a slot type socket, a round socket, a square or rectangular socket or other sockets. Preferably, the middle part of the pile, which is arranged at the middle part of the pile and is used for connecting the external pipe, is provided with pressure working condition detection sockets, and the number of the pressure working condition detection sockets of the pile is at least 3 and up to n.
The fuel cell stack of the present invention may employ hydrogen, methane, hexane, methanol. The fuel may be a gaseous or liquid or a solid fluid.
The above embodiments are described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, and those skilled in the art can make various modifications or alterations to the above embodiments without departing from the spirit of the invention.
Claims (14)
1. A fuel cell stack comprising two end plates (1), a plurality of fuel cell units stacked between the two end plates, each of the fuel cell units comprising two stack plates (2) and a membrane electrode assembly (3) sandwiched between the two stack plates, one of the stack plates having a cathode reaction flow field (21) facing the membrane electrode assembly, a cathode first fuel slot (22) communicating with an inlet of the cathode reaction flow field, and a cathode second fuel slot (23) communicating with an outlet of the cathode reaction flow field, the other stack plate having an anode reaction flow field facing the membrane electrode assembly, an anode first fuel slot communicating with an inlet of the anode reaction flow field, and an anode second fuel slot communicating with an outlet of the anode reaction flow field; the first fuel slots of the cathodes of the fuel cell units are opposite and communicated to form a first main cathode flow channel, and the second fuel slots of the cathodes of the fuel cell units are opposite and communicated to form a second main cathode flow channel; the first fuel slots of the anodes of the fuel cell units are opposite and communicated to form an anode first main runner, and the second fuel slots of the anodes of the fuel cell units are opposite and communicated to form an anode second main runner; the end plate is provided with an external connection pipe (8) corresponding to the first cathode main runner, the second cathode main runner, the first anode main runner and the second anode main runner respectively; a mesh screen (4) is arranged in at least one of the first cathode main runner, the second cathode main runner, the first anode main runner, the second anode main runner and the external connecting pipe, or/and a porous pipe (5) is arranged in at least one of the first cathode main runner, the second cathode main runner, the first anode main runner and the second anode main runner.
2. A fuel cell stack according to claim 1, characterized in that: the wall of the porous pipe is provided with a plurality of through holes (51) which are arrayed and uniformly distributed.
3. A fuel cell stack according to claim 1, characterized in that: the mesh screens in at least one of the cathode first main runner, the cathode second main runner, the anode first main runner and the anode second main runner are arranged along the radial direction of the runner or/and along the inner wall of the runner.
4. A fuel cell stack according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the inner wall or/and the outer wall or/and the radial direction of the porous pipe is/are provided with a mesh screen.
5. A fuel cell stack according to claim 1, characterized in that: a current collecting plate (6) is arranged between each end plate and each adjacent fuel cell unit, a wiring body (61) for outputting electric power is formed on the current collecting plate, the current collecting plate and the end plates are mutually insulated, and the current collecting plate and the fuel cell units are mutually electrically conducted.
6. A fuel cell stack according to claim 1, characterized in that: the cathode reaction flow field comprises a main reaction flow field (211) positioned in the middle part and two diversion flow fields (212) positioned at two ends of the main reaction flow field, each diversion flow field comprises a plurality of diversion flow channels (213), one diversion flow field is communicated with the first fuel notch of the cathode and the main reaction flow field, the other diversion flow field is communicated with the second fuel notch of the cathode and the main reaction flow field, and the plurality of diversion flow channels of at least one diversion flow field are in radial shapes which are diverged from the first fuel notch of the cathode or the second fuel notch of the cathode as starting points to the main reaction flow field.
7. The fuel cell stack according to claim 6, wherein: the flow guiding flow fields comprise a primary flow guiding flow field (2121) and a secondary flow guiding flow field (2122) which are mutually communicated, the primary flow guiding flow field is in a radial shape which diverges towards the main reaction flow field by taking the first fuel notch of the cathode or the second fuel notch of the cathode as a starting point, and the secondary flow guiding flow field consists of a plurality of column points (210) which are arranged in an array shape.
8. The fuel cell stack according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that: a flow channel ridge (214) is formed between two adjacent flow guide flow channels, and a plurality of serial flow holes communicated with the two adjacent flow guide flow channels are formed on the flow channel ridge.
9. The fuel cell stack according to claim 6, wherein: the main reaction flow field is a parallel flow field, the parallel flow field is composed of a plurality of mutually parallel sub-flow channels, the sub-flow channels extend along a first direction (x), the first direction is the connection line direction of one end of a feed inlet and one end of a discharge outlet of the pile electrode plate, and the sub-flow channels are straight flow channels or serpentine flow channels.
10. The fuel cell stack according to claim 6, wherein: the main reaction flow field is a V-shaped flow field, the V-shaped flow field consists of a plurality of mutually parallel sub-flow channels, the sub-flow channels extend along a second direction (y), and the second direction is a direction perpendicular to a connecting line of one end of a feed inlet and one end of a discharge outlet of the galvanic pile polar plate; the sub-flow channels are folded ruler-shaped flow channels or serpentine flow channels; each of the sub-channels is a region between two ridges (220) extending in the second direction, and a plurality of channels (230) are formed on each ridge at intervals.
11. A fuel cell stack according to claim 10, characterized in that: the channels on adjacent two of the ridges are offset from each other in a direction (z) perpendicular to the sub-flow path.
12. The fuel cell stack according to claim 7, wherein: the shape of the diversion flow field is triangle, trapezoid or string.
13. A fuel cell stack according to claim 1, characterized in that: sealing and isolating gaskets (7) are arranged between two pile electrode plates of each fuel cell unit, between two adjacent fuel cell units and between the end plate and the adjacent fuel cell units, and the sealing and isolating gaskets and the membrane electrode assemblies between the two pile electrode plates form an assembly.
14. A fuel cell stack according to claim 1, characterized in that: the electric pile polar plate is provided with a performance detection socket (9), and the performance detection socket comprises a temperature detection socket, a flow detection socket and a pressure working condition detection socket.
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| CN202111205957.6A CN113948734B (en) | 2021-10-16 | 2021-10-16 | fuel cell stack |
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