CN113942355A - Height and rigidity adjustable self-powered active suspension and working method thereof - Google Patents

Height and rigidity adjustable self-powered active suspension and working method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113942355A
CN113942355A CN202111311617.1A CN202111311617A CN113942355A CN 113942355 A CN113942355 A CN 113942355A CN 202111311617 A CN202111311617 A CN 202111311617A CN 113942355 A CN113942355 A CN 113942355A
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oil
cylinder
oil cylinder
suspension
height
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CN113942355B (en
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吴佳睿
王骏骋
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Xianteng Automotive Technology Nanjing Co ltd
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Xianteng Automotive Technology Nanjing Co ltd
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G17/00—Resilient suspensions having means for adjusting the spring or vibration-damper characteristics, for regulating the distance between a supporting surface and a sprung part of vehicle or for locking suspension during use to meet varying vehicular or surface conditions, e.g. due to speed or load
    • B60G17/02—Spring characteristics, e.g. mechanical springs and mechanical adjusting means
    • B60G17/04—Spring characteristics, e.g. mechanical springs and mechanical adjusting means fluid spring characteristics
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G11/00—Resilient suspensions characterised by arrangement, location or kind of springs
    • B60G11/32—Resilient suspensions characterised by arrangement, location or kind of springs having springs of different kinds
    • B60G11/48—Resilient suspensions characterised by arrangement, location or kind of springs having springs of different kinds not including leaf springs
    • B60G11/56—Resilient suspensions characterised by arrangement, location or kind of springs having springs of different kinds not including leaf springs having helical, spiral or coil springs, and also fluid springs
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G17/00—Resilient suspensions having means for adjusting the spring or vibration-damper characteristics, for regulating the distance between a supporting surface and a sprung part of vehicle or for locking suspension during use to meet varying vehicular or surface conditions, e.g. due to speed or load
    • B60G17/02—Spring characteristics, e.g. mechanical springs and mechanical adjusting means
    • B60G17/04—Spring characteristics, e.g. mechanical springs and mechanical adjusting means fluid spring characteristics
    • B60G17/056—Regulating distributors or valves for hydropneumatic systems
    • B60G17/0565—Height adjusting valves
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G2202/00—Indexing codes relating to the type of spring, damper or actuator
    • B60G2202/10—Type of spring
    • B60G2202/12—Wound spring
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G2202/00—Indexing codes relating to the type of spring, damper or actuator
    • B60G2202/10—Type of spring
    • B60G2202/15—Fluid spring
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G2500/00—Indexing codes relating to the regulated action or device
    • B60G2500/20—Spring action or springs
    • B60G2500/22—Spring constant
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G2500/00—Indexing codes relating to the regulated action or device
    • B60G2500/30—Height or ground clearance

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Vehicle Body Suspensions (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a height and rigidity adjustable self-powered active suspension and a working method thereof in the field of automobiles.A first oil cylinder and the bottom of a cylinder body of a second oil cylinder are fixedly connected, the upper part of an upper cavity of the first oil cylinder is sequentially connected with a first adjustable throttle valve, a first oil and gas storage chamber and the lower part of a lower cavity in series through a hydraulic pipeline, the lower end of a first spiral spring is fixedly connected with the lower end of a first piston rod, the upper end of the first spiral spring is rigidly connected with the cylinder body of the first oil cylinder, a second spiral spring which is arranged up and down is arranged in the space at the lower parts of an automobile body and the second oil cylinder, and an automobile body height and suspension rigidity adjustable device is connected by the hydraulic pipeline from the first oil and gas storage chamber to the lower part of the lower cavity of the first oil cylinder, so that oil can be supplied to the first oil and gas storage chamber and the first oil cylinder and also can flow back into the first oil and gas storage chamber; the invention adjusts the height of the vehicle body and the rigidity of the suspension in real time, improves the adaptability of the suspension to the change of the running road surface of the vehicle, and realizes the function of determining the magnitude of the sprung mass acceleration by four parameters under the condition of not adopting the action of active control force.

Description

Height and rigidity adjustable self-powered active suspension and working method thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of automobiles, and relates to a suspension applied to an automobile, in particular to a self-powered active suspension and a working method thereof, which can effectively improve the riding comfort of the automobile.
Background
The suspension is an important structural and functional component of the automobile, and has important influence on the driving smoothness and the operating stability of the automobile. The suspension can be divided into a passive suspension, an active suspension and a semi-active suspension according to the working capacity of a suspension actuator. In addition to actuators, the current active suspension and semi-active suspension must also include a feedback control system formed by sensors and controllers, so the complexity and manufacturing cost of the system are high, and no active suspension and semi-active suspension capable of real-time control exist at present.
The prior passive suspension mainly adopts an elastic element, a damping element, an inertial volume element and the like so as to obtain better comprehensive performance of the suspension than the traditional passive suspension adopting the elastic element and the damping element. If a inerter is used, the suspension typically employs a two or more stage damping configuration. The current common two-stage vibration damping configuration (as the literature: passive ceiling damping suspension system based on inerter-spring-damping structure system, journal of agricultural machinery, 40 vol in 2013, 10 th period: 1-14+9) is a traditional vibration damping structure formed by connecting a first stage of spring element and damping element in parallel and an anti-resonance vibration damping structure formed by connecting a first stage of spring element, damping element and inerter element in parallel between unsprung mass and sprung mass in series in sequence, although, in order to further improve the working effect of the suspension with the secondary damping configuration, a plurality of secondary or more damping suspension configurations (such as the literature: analysis of the vibration isolation characteristics of three-element "inertance-spring" antiresonant vibration isolator, university of Harbin engineering, No. 6: 766-772, 42 vol. 2021) appear, but the improvement of the comprehensive performance of the suspension is not obvious compared with the passive suspension which only adopts a one-stage traditional damping structure. The suspension proposed in the document with the Chinese patent application number of 202110650809 and the name of 'three-mass four-parameter adjustable two-stage vibration reduction passive suspension and the working method thereof' is a suspension consisting of a traditional vibration reduction structure, a suspension third mass and an anti-resonance vibration reduction structure which are connected in series from bottom to top, wherein the traditional vibration reduction structure consists of a first oil cylinder filled with oil in an upper cavity, a first adjustable throttle valve, a second energy accumulator, a first electromagnetic valve and a first energy accumulator which are sequentially connected in series with the upper part of the upper cavity, and the anti-resonance vibration reduction structure consists of a second oil cylinder filled with oil in a lower cavity, a first inertia volume spiral pipe, a second throttle valve, a second inertia volume spiral pipe, a third energy accumulator, a third electromagnetic valve, a fourth energy accumulator and a second electromagnetic valve connected in parallel with the lower part of the lower cavity, and the two-stage vibration reduction passive suspension has the following problems: because the weight of the automobile body is sequentially transmitted to the ground from the anti-resonance vibration damping structure, the traditional vibration damping structure and the wheels from top to bottom, namely the weight of the automobile body on the anti-resonance vibration damping structure is born by the hydro-pneumatic spring consisting of the third energy accumulator and the second oil cylinder, and the weight of the automobile body on the traditional vibration damping structure is born by the hydro-pneumatic spring consisting of the second energy accumulator and the first oil cylinder, the oil seals in the first oil cylinder and the second oil cylinder are all born with larger oil pressure difference, and the service life of the whole suspension is shorter. In addition, suspension compression limit is generally designed according to common working conditions, and when an automobile runs on a bad road, the limit is impacted more probably due to the increased compression stroke, and then the riding comfort is sharply deteriorated.
Although the existing air suspension can realize the height adjustment of the vehicle body, a height sensor and a controller are needed, and the difficulty in adjusting the height in real time is high.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems that the comprehensive performance of the conventional passive suspension is not obviously improved, the cost of the active suspension is high, the active suspension cannot be controlled in real time, and the real-time adjustment difficulty of the height of the vehicle body of the conventional air suspension is high.
In order to achieve the purpose, the self-powered active suspension with adjustable height and rigidity adopts the technical scheme that: the hydraulic oil cylinder comprises a first oil cylinder and a second oil cylinder right above, the bottoms of cylinder bodies of the first oil cylinder and the second oil cylinder are fixedly connected, a piston end at the upper end of a first piston rod extends into the first oil cylinder to divide the first oil cylinder into an upper closed oil cavity and a lower closed oil cavity, the upper closed oil cavity and the lower closed oil cavity are both used for storing oil, the upper part of an upper cavity of the first oil cylinder is sequentially connected with a first adjustable throttle valve, a first oil storage air chamber and the lower part of a lower cavity in series through a hydraulic pipeline, and the lower end of the first piston rod extends downwards out of the first oil cylinder and is fixedly connected with wheels; the lower end of the first spiral spring is fixedly connected with the lower end of a first piston rod, and the upper end of the first spiral spring is rigidly connected with a cylinder body of the first oil cylinder; the lower end piston end of the second piston rod extends downwards into the second oil cylinder to divide the second oil cylinder into an upper closed oil cavity and a lower closed oil cavity which are both filled with oil, and the upper end of the second piston rod extends upwards out of the second oil cylinder and is fixedly connected with the vehicle body; a second spiral spring is arranged in the space below the vehicle body and the second oil cylinder from top to bottom, the upper end of the second spiral spring is fixedly connected with the upper end of a second piston rod, and the lower end of the second spiral spring is rigidly connected with the cylinder body of the second oil cylinder; the device with adjustable height of the vehicle body and adjustable rigidity of the suspension is connected to a hydraulic pipeline from the first oil storage chamber to the lower part of the lower chamber of the first oil cylinder, the device with adjustable height of the vehicle body and adjustable rigidity of the suspension can supply oil to the first oil storage chamber and the first oil cylinder, and oil in the first oil storage chamber and the first oil cylinder can also flow back into the device.
The working method of the height and rigidity adjustable self-powered active suspension adopts the technical scheme that the working method comprises the following steps:
step A: when the automobile is stopped and the engine is not started, the height of the automobile body and the rigidity of the suspension are in the states of lower automobile height which is initially set and lower rigidity which is provided only by the first spiral spring, and the oil pressure in the first oil storage chamber is the same as the oil pressure in the upper oil chamber and the lower oil chamber of the first oil cylinder;
and B: after an automobile engine is started, when an automobile is switched from a good road running mode to a bad road running mode, the height of an automobile body and the rigidity of a suspension are adjusted by the adjustable device to supply oil, hydraulic oil flows into a first oil-gas chamber, oil pressure in the first oil-gas chamber rises to cause part of the hydraulic oil to flow into an upper oil cavity of a first oil cylinder through a first adjustable throttle, a first piston rod moves downwards relative to a first oil cylinder body, the hydraulic oil in a lower oil cavity of the first oil cylinder flows into an upper cavity of the first oil cylinder through a first adjustable throttle valve, the first oil cylinder body moves upwards relative to the ground to drive a second oil cylinder body, a second spiral spring, a second piston rod and the automobile body to move upwards relative to the ground integrally, and the automobile body is lifted; the first coil spring and the hydro-pneumatic spring formed by the first oil-gas chamber jointly provide larger rigidity;
and C: when the automobile is switched from a bad road running mode to a good road running mode, hydraulic oil in the first oil-gas chamber firstly flows back to the device with adjustable automobile body height and suspension rigidity, the oil pressure of the first oil-gas chamber is reduced, the hydraulic oil in the upper oil cavity of the first oil cylinder flows to the lower oil cavity of the first oil cylinder through the first adjustable throttle valve, the first piston rod moves upwards relative to the first oil cylinder body, the first oil cylinder body moves downwards relative to the ground, the first oil cylinder body drives the second oil cylinder body, the second spiral spring, the second piston rod and the automobile body to integrally move downwards relative to the ground, the automobile body is lowered, the first spiral spring compresses downwards, the automobile body is restored to an initial state, and only small rigidity is provided.
After the technical scheme is adopted, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the self-powered active suspension has the advantages that the traditional vibration reduction structure comprising the first oil and gas storage chamber, the first spiral spring and the first oil cylinder and the anti-resonance vibration reduction structure comprising the second oil and gas storage chamber, the second spiral spring, the second oil cylinder and the inerter spiral tube are arranged between the unsprung mass (namely the wheel mass or the first mass of the suspension) and the sprung mass (namely the vehicle body mass or the second mass of the suspension), so that the high-frequency vibration acceleration of the sprung mass is greatly reduced under the condition of input of the same road surface unevenness during working; in addition, according to different driving road surface states, the height of the automobile body and the rigidity of the suspension are adjusted in real time, and the adaptability of the suspension to the change of the driving road surface of the automobile is improved.
2. The self-powered active suspension uses the first and second spiral springs to bear the gravity of a vehicle body, and the first and second oil cylinders do not need to bear the gravity of the vehicle body, so that the oil pressure difference borne by the oil seals of the two oil cylinders is small, and the self-powered active suspension can have longer service life and better reliability than a suspension only using a hydro-pneumatic spring.
3. When the self-powered active suspension works, the acceleration of the sprung mass is simultaneously related to the relative displacement and the relative speed at two ends of the traditional damping structure and the relative displacement and the relative speed at two ends of the anti-resonance damping structure, and the two pairs of relative displacement and relative speed are often used as system state vectors during system modeling. The product of the relative displacement of two ends of the traditional vibration damping structure and the rigidity thereof, the product of the relative speed of two ends of the traditional vibration damping structure and the damping thereof, the product of the relative displacement of two ends of the anti-resonance vibration damping structure and the rigidity thereof, and the product of the relative speed of two ends of the anti-resonance vibration damping structure and the damping thereof are four products, and the sum of the four products jointly acts on the sprung mass. Compared with the prior art, the self-powered active suspension has the advantages that the magnitude of the sprung mass is influenced, namely, the product of the relative displacement of the two ends of the anti-resonance vibration damping structure and the rigidity of the anti-resonance vibration damping structure is multiplied, the sum of the product of the relative velocity of the two ends of the anti-resonance vibration damping structure and the damping of the anti-resonance vibration damping structure is multiplied, only the sum of the two products is acted on the sprung mass together, namely, the acceleration of the sprung mass is only related to one pair of the relative displacement and one relative velocity, and therefore, the self-powered active suspension can increase the parameter dimension influencing the rigidity and the damping from the original two dimensions to multiple dimensions (four dimensions). In addition, the prior active suspension is under the action of active control force, and the sprung mass acceleration is determined by the parameters of four physical quantities, namely the relative motion speed of the suspension, the dynamic deflection of the suspension, the deformation speed of the tire and the dynamic deformation of the tire, so that the self-powered active suspension still realizes the function of determining the magnitude of the sprung mass acceleration by the four parameters under the condition of not adopting the action of the active control force.
4. When the self-powered active suspension works, when the acceleration value of the third mass of the suspension is increased, the third mass of the suspension can absorb vibration energy to play a role in energy storage, and similarly, when the acceleration value of the relative motion of the anti-resonance vibration damping structure is increased, the inerter helix tube in the anti-resonance vibration damping structure absorbs vibration energy to play a role in energy storage; on the contrary, when the acceleration value of the third mass of the suspension and the relative motion acceleration value of the anti-resonance vibration attenuation structure are reduced, the third mass of the suspension and the inerter helix tube provide energy for the suspension to play a role of negative damping, so that the function of the self-powered active suspension is the same as that of the existing active suspension actuator which provides energy for the suspension under the action of an external power source, therefore, when the self-powered active suspension does not need the external power source, the self-powered active suspension has the advantages of simple structure and low manufacturing cost, and can realize the low function of greatly reducing the high-frequency vibration acceleration of the sprung mass under the input of different road surface unevenness.
5. The self-powered active suspension is externally connected with a vehicle body height and suspension stiffness adjusting device on a working oil path of a traditional vibration damping structure, the oil pressure in a first oil storage chamber and an upper oil chamber and a lower oil chamber of a first oil cylinder is controlled by the adjusting device, so that an automobile can be in a lower vehicle body state when running on a road at a high speed, and at the moment, the stiffness of the traditional vibration damping structure is mainly born by a first spiral spring and has lower stiffness, so that better riding comfort and better running safety are obtained; and when the automobile runs on a bad road, the automobile is in a high automobile body state, at the moment, the rigidity of the traditional vibration damping structure is provided by the first spiral spring and the hydro-pneumatic spring formed by the oil-filled first oil storage chamber in parallel, and the traditional vibration damping structure has higher rigidity, so that the rigidity of the suspension is increased while the height of the automobile body is increased, and the problem that the riding comfort is rapidly deteriorated due to the fact that the suspension is limited by collision is further avoided.
6. For four self-powered active suspensions above four wheels of an automobile, four corresponding first oil cylinders in four traditional vibration reduction structures can be connected with an automobile body height and suspension stiffness adjusting device through oil passages, therefore, each height adjusting oil cylinder in the adjusting device independently controls the respective self-powered active suspension, namely, the stiffness and the height of four single suspensions can be synchronously and accurately adjusted in real time at lower cost through the same air source, and compared with the existing air suspension needing a real-time dynamic adjustment control system, the self-powered active suspension has higher reliability. Further, if the height adjusting oil cylinder is provided as an oil cylinder having a variable volume, it is possible to realize multi-stage adjustment of the rigidity and height of the suspension.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a height and stiffness tunable self-powered active suspension according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of the adjustable body height and suspension stiffness apparatus of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a functional schematic diagram of the adjustable height and stiffness self-powered active suspension of FIG. 1;
figure 4 is a graph illustrating the damping effect of the self-powered active suspension of the present invention.
In fig. 1: 1. a first oil and gas storage chamber; 11. a first bushing; 12. a wheel; 13. a first mounting lower bracket; 14. a first coil spring; 15. a first mounting upper bracket; 16. a first piston rod; 17. a first cylinder; 18. a suspension third mass; 19. an inerter helix tube; 20. a second adjustable throttle valve; 21. a second oil and gas storage chamber; 22. a second cylinder; 23. a second piston rod; 24. a second mounting upper bracket; 25. a second bushing; 26. a vehicle body; 27. a second coil spring; 28. a second mounting lower bracket; 29. and 30, a first adjustable throttle valve, and a device for adjusting the height of the vehicle body and the rigidity of the suspension.
In fig. 2: 2. a first solenoid valve; 3. a gas storage tank; 4. a one-way valve; 5. an electric air compressor unit; 6. a pressure sensor; 7. a third electromagnetic valve; 8. a controller; 9. a second solenoid valve; 10. height adjustment oil gas cylinder.
In fig. 3: m is1The mass of the wheel 12; m is2The mass of the vehicle body 26; m iseInertia capacity of the anti-resonance vibration reduction structure; m iscSuspending the mass of the third mass 18; k is a radical of1Equivalent stiffness of the wheel 12; k is a radical of2Stiffness of the anti-resonance vibration damping structure; k is a radical ofcThe stiffness of a conventional damping structure; c. C2Damping of the anti-resonance vibration attenuation structure; c. CcDamping of conventional vibration damping structures; q. vertical input of uneven road surface; z is a radical of1Vertical displacement of the wheel 12, z2Vertical displacement of the vehicle body 26; z is a radical ofcThe vertical displacement of the third mass 18 of the suspension.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1, the height and rigidity adjustable self-powered active suspension of the present invention is installed between a wheel 12 and a vehicle body 26 above the wheel 12, and is a conventional damping structure and an antiresonance damping structure connected in series from bottom to top, a vehicle body height and suspension rigidity adjustable device 30 is arranged beside the conventional damping structure, and the vehicle body height and suspension rigidity adjustable device 30 is connected with the conventional damping structure through a hydraulic pipeline. The traditional vibration damping structure is provided with a first spiral spring 14, a first oil and gas storage chamber 1, a first adjustable throttle valve 29 and a first oil cylinder 17, wherein the first oil cylinder 17 is arranged up and down, the upper end of a first piston rod 16 is a piston end, the piston end extends upwards into the first oil cylinder 17 to divide the first oil cylinder 17 into an upper closed oil chamber and a lower closed oil chamber, and oil liquid is stored in the upper oil chamber and the lower oil chamber; the upper part of the upper chamber is sequentially connected in series with the first adjustable throttle valve 29, the first oil and gas storage chamber 1 and the lower part of the lower chamber through a hydraulic pipeline to form a rigidity and height adjusting oil way of the traditional vibration damping structure. The lower end of the first piston rod 16 is a rod end, and the lower end of the first piston rod 16 extends downwards out of the first cylinder 17 and is fixedly connected with the wheel 12 below through the first bush 11.
A first spiral spring 14 is arranged in a space above the wheel 12 and the first oil cylinder 17, the first spiral spring 14 is arranged up and down, the lower end of the first spiral spring 14 is fixedly connected to the lower end of a first piston rod 16, and the upper end of the first spiral spring 14 is rigidly connected with the cylinder body of the first oil cylinder 17. The best implementation structure of the invention is as follows: a first spiral spring 14 is coaxially sleeved outside a first piston rod 16 and a first oil cylinder 17, the lower end of the first spiral spring 14 is fixedly connected with the lower end of the first piston rod 16 through a first mounting lower bracket 13, the first mounting lower bracket 13 is fixedly sleeved outside the lower end of the first piston rod 16, and the lower end of the first spiral spring 14 is fixedly connected with the first mounting lower bracket 13; the upper end of the first spiral spring 14 is fixedly connected with the lower section of the cylinder body of the first oil cylinder 17 through a first mounting upper bracket 15, the first mounting upper bracket 15 is fixedly sleeved outside the cylinder body of the first oil cylinder 17, and the first spiral spring 14 is fixedly connected with the first mounting upper bracket 15. The central axes of the first helical spring 14, the first oil cylinder 17 and the first piston rod 16 are collinear.
The device 30 with adjustable height of the vehicle body and adjustable rigidity of the suspension is connected beside a hydraulic pipeline connected from the first oil and gas storage chamber 1 to the lower cavity of the first oil cylinder 17, the device 30 with adjustable height of the vehicle body and adjustable rigidity of the suspension can supply oil to the first oil and gas storage chamber 1 and the first oil cylinder 17, or oil in the first oil and gas storage chamber 1 and the first oil cylinder 17 can flow back to the device, namely oil can be supplied or recovered.
The anti-resonance vibration reduction structure is provided with a second spiral spring 27, an inerter spiral tube 19, a second adjustable throttle valve 20, a second oil storage chamber 21 and a second oil cylinder 22, the second oil cylinder 22 is arranged up and down, the lower end of a second piston rod 23 is a piston end, the piston end extends downwards into the second oil cylinder 22 to divide the second oil cylinder 22 into an upper closed oil chamber and a lower closed oil chamber, and oil liquid is stored in the upper oil chamber and the lower oil chamber; the upper part of the upper chamber of the second oil cylinder 22 is connected in series with the inerter spiral tube 19, the second adjustable throttle valve 20, the second oil storage chamber 21 and the lower part of the lower chamber of the second oil cylinder 22 in sequence through a hydraulic pipeline, so that a closed oil path is formed. The upper end of the second piston rod 23 is a rod end which extends upwards out of the second cylinder 22 and is fixedly connected with the vehicle body 26 through a second bush 25.
A second coil spring 27 is disposed in a space below the vehicle body 26 and the second cylinder 22, an upper end of the second coil spring 27 is fixedly connected to an upper end of the second piston rod 23, and a lower end of the second coil spring 27 is rigidly connected to a cylinder body of the second cylinder 22. The best implementation structure is as follows: the second spiral spring 27 is coaxially sleeved outside the second piston rod 23 and the second oil cylinder 22, the upper end of the second spiral spring 27 is fixedly connected to the upper end of the second piston rod 23 through the second mounting upper bracket 24, the second mounting upper bracket 24 is fixedly sleeved outside the second piston rod 23, and the upper end of the second spiral spring 27 is fixedly connected with the second mounting upper bracket 24. The lower end of the second spiral spring 27 is fixedly connected with the cylinder body of the second oil cylinder 22 through a second mounting lower bracket 28, the second mounting lower bracket 28 is fixedly sleeved outside the cylinder body of the second oil cylinder 22, and the lower end of the second spiral spring 27 is fixedly connected with the second mounting lower bracket 28. The central axes of the second coil spring 27, the second cylinder 22, and the second piston rod 23 are collinear.
The second oil cylinder 22 is positioned right above the first oil cylinder 17, the central axes of the two oil cylinders are collinear, and the bottoms of the two oil cylinders are fixedly connected into a whole after being attached face to face from top to bottom. And a suspension third mass 18 is fixedly connected to the cylinder bodies of the first oil cylinder 17 and the second oil cylinder 22, and the suspension third mass 18 is fixedly sleeved outside the cylinder bodies of the first oil cylinder 17 and the second oil cylinder 22 and is tightly attached to the outer wall of the cylinder body.
As shown in fig. 2, the device 30 for adjusting the height of the vehicle body and the stiffness of the suspension comprises a first electromagnetic valve 2, an oil adjusting cylinder 10, a third electromagnetic valve 7, an air storage tank 3, a one-way valve 4 and an electric air compressor unit 5 which are sequentially connected in series. The first electromagnetic valve 2 is a normally closed valve, the vehicle body height and suspension stiffness adjustable device 30 is connected to the first oil storage chamber 1 and the first oil cylinder 17 through the first electromagnetic valve 2, the first electromagnetic valve 2 is connected with an oil cylinder outlet of the height adjusting oil cylinder 10, namely, the oil cylinder outlet of the height adjusting oil cylinder 10 is connected to the first oil storage chamber 1 and the first oil cylinder 17 through the first electromagnetic valve 2, and is communicated with a hydraulic pipeline. A normally open second electromagnetic valve 9 is connected to the side of the gas path between the cylinder inlet of the height adjusting oil cylinder 10 and the third electromagnetic valve 7. And a pressure sensor 6 is externally connected to an air path between the third electromagnetic valve 7 and the one-way valve 4 and is used for detecting the air pressure at the position. The check valve 4 is used to prohibit the return of the compressed air to the electric air compressor group 5. The pressure sensor 6 is connected to the controller 8 through a signal line, and the controller 8 is connected to the electric air compressor unit 5, the first electromagnetic valve 2, the second electromagnetic valve 9 and the third electromagnetic valve 7 through control signal lines.
As shown in fig. 1, when the automobile is in an initial state in which the automobile is parked and the engine is not started, the height of the vehicle body and the stiffness of the suspension are in a state of a lower vehicle height and a lower stiffness which are initially set, that is, the height of the vehicle body and the stiffness of the suspension are in a state of an initially set device 30 which does not supply oil to an oil path between an upper chamber and a lower chamber of a first oil cylinder 17 of the conventional damping structure, at this time, the oil pressure in a first oil storage chamber 1 and the oil pressure in upper and lower oil chambers of the first oil cylinder 17 are the same, the balance of the suspension is maintained, and at this time, the stiffness of the conventional damping structure is provided only by a first coil spring 14.
When the automobile engine is started and the driver selects the road running mode, the vehicle height and the suspension stiffness are kept unchanged in the initially set state of lower vehicle body and lower stiffness, namely the vehicle height and suspension stiffness adjustable device 30 is kept unchanged in the initially set state of not supplying oil to the oil passage between the upper oil chamber and the lower oil chamber of the first oil cylinder 17 of the traditional vibration damping structure.
When a driver switches a good road running mode to a bad road running mode, the vehicle body height and suspension stiffness adjustable device 30 supplies oil to the first oil-gas chamber 1 and the first oil cylinder 17, under the action of inertia of the vehicle body 26, hydraulic oil firstly flows into the first oil-gas chamber 1 with compressible air, namely, a softer structure, from the vehicle body height and suspension stiffness adjustable device 30, so that the oil pressure in the first oil-gas chamber 1 is increased, a part of the hydraulic oil in the first oil-gas chamber 1 flows into an upper oil cavity of the first oil cylinder 17 through the first adjustable throttle valve 29, the pressure of the upper surface and the lower surface of a piston acting on the first piston rod 16 in the first oil cylinder 17 is increased, the first piston rod 16 moves downwards relative to the cylinder body of the first oil cylinder 17 due to the fact that the upper surface area of the piston is larger than the lower surface area, and the first piston rod 16 is fixedly connected with the wheels 12 and supported on a road surface, namely, the cylinder body of the first oil cylinder 17 moves upwards relative to the ground, the first cylinder 17 then drives the second cylinder 22, the second coil spring 27, the second piston rod 23 and the vehicle body 26 upward relative to the ground as a whole, thereby raising the vehicle body 26.
While the first piston rod 16 moves downward relative to the cylinder body of the first cylinder 17, the volume of the lower oil chamber is reduced, and the hydraulic oil in the lower oil chamber flows through the oil path to the upper chamber of the first cylinder 17 after passing through the first adjustable throttle valve 29. Therefore, when the vehicle body height and suspension stiffness adjustable device 30 is supplied with oil, oil flows into the first oil and gas chamber 1 to be an oil and gas spring, and part of the oil in the first oil and gas chamber 1 finally flows into the upper oil chamber of the first oil cylinder 17 to maintain the vehicle body 26 to be lifted together with the oil from the lower oil chamber of the first oil cylinder 17. Due to the fact that the vehicle body 26 is lifted, the gravity of the vehicle body 26 transmitted by the cylinder body of the second piston rod 23, the second spiral spring 27 and the second oil cylinder 22, which is borne by the first spiral spring 14, is reduced, the reduced gravity is borne by the hydro-pneumatic spring formed by the first oil-gas chamber 1, at the moment, the rigidity of the traditional vibration damping structure is provided by the first spiral spring 14 and the hydro-pneumatic spring formed by the first oil-gas chamber 1, the rigidity of the suspension is in a high rigidity state, and the initial small rigidity is adjusted to be high rigidity.
When the driver switches the bad road running mode into the good road running mode, the adjustable device 30 for the height of the vehicle body and the suspension stiffness controls the hydraulic oil in the first oil gas chamber 1 and the first oil cylinder 17 to flow back to the adjustable device 30 for the height of the vehicle body and the suspension stiffness, the hydraulic oil in the first oil-gas chamber 1 firstly flows back to the vehicle body height and suspension stiffness adjustable device 30, so that the oil pressure in the first oil-gas chamber 1 is reduced, the pressure of the upper piston upper and lower surfaces of the first piston rod 16 acting in the first cylinder 17 is reduced, the first piston rod 16 moves upwards relative to the first cylinder 17, and because the first piston rod 16 is fixedly connected with the wheels 12 and supported on the road surface, namely, the cylinder body of the first oil cylinder 17 moves downwards relative to the ground, and at the moment, the cylinder body of the first oil cylinder 17 drives the cylinder body of the second oil cylinder 22, the second spiral spring 27, the second piston rod 23 and the vehicle body 26 to move downwards integrally relative to the ground, so that the vehicle body 26 is lowered.
When the first piston rod 16 moves upward relative to the body of the first cylinder 17, the hydraulic oil in the upper oil chamber of the first cylinder 17 flows through the oil path through the first adjustable throttle valve 29 and then flows to the lower oil chamber of the first cylinder 17. After the hydraulic oil flows back to the vehicle height and suspension stiffness adjustable device 30 from the first oil-gas chamber 1, the pressure in the first oil-gas chamber 1 is reduced to lose the oil-gas spring function, the vehicle body 26 is reduced, so that the downward compression amount of the first spiral spring 14 is increased, and the gravity of the vehicle body 26 transmitted by the upper cylinder bodies of the second piston rod 23, the second spiral spring 27 and the second oil cylinder 22 is borne independently, at this time, the stiffness of the traditional damping structure is only provided by the first spiral spring 14, namely, the suspension stiffness is restored to the initial low-stiffness state.
When the automobile is stopped and the engine is turned off, the device 30 for adjusting the height of the automobile body and the rigidity of the suspension automatically restores to be in an initial set state, namely, a state of not supplying oil to an oil path between an upper oil chamber and a lower oil chamber of the first oil cylinder 17 of the traditional vibration damping structure, so that the height of the automobile body and the rigidity of the suspension restore to be in an initially set state of a lower automobile body and lower rigidity.
As shown in fig. 2, when the automobile is in an initial state when the automobile is stopped and the engine is not started, the height of the automobile body and the rigidity of the suspension are in a lower automobile body and lower rigidity state which are initially set, the initial state of the height adjusting oil cylinder 10 is a state that the oil cylinder is filled with hydraulic oil, the oil cylinder is in a state of evacuating compressed air, the first electromagnetic valve 2 maintains a normally closed state, the oil cylinder of the height adjusting oil cylinder 10 is blocked from supplying oil to the first oil cylinder 17 and the first oil and gas storage chamber 1, the second electromagnetic valve 9 maintains a normally open state, the air cylinder of the height adjusting oil cylinder 10 is communicated with the atmosphere to evacuate the compressed air therein, the third electromagnetic valve 7 maintains a normally closed state, and the gas flow between the gas storage tank 3 and the air cylinder of the height adjusting oil cylinder 10 is blocked.
When the automobile engine is started, the controller 8 controls the electric air compressor unit 5 to work, the electric air compressor unit 5 generates compressed air, the compressed air enters the air storage tank 3 through the one-way valve 4 to be stored, when the pressure sensor 6 detects that the pressure of the air storage tank 3 reaches a control preset value, the electric air compressor unit 5 is closed, the air storage tank 3 is stopped to be inflated, and the work preparation of the automobile body height and suspension rigidity adjustable device 30 is completed.
When the driver selects the road driving mode, the controller 8 maintains the normally closed state of the first electromagnetic valve opening 2, the normally open state of the second electromagnetic valve 9 and the normally closed state of the third electromagnetic valve 7 unchanged, namely, the first oil cylinder 17 and the first oil storage chamber 1 of the traditional vibration damping structure are not supplied with oil.
When a driver switches the automobile from a good road running mode to a bad road running mode, the controller 8 firstly controls the second electromagnetic valve 9 to be closed, air flow between the cylinder of the height adjusting oil cylinder 10 and the atmosphere is cut off, then the first electromagnetic valve 2 and the third electromagnetic valve 7 are controlled to be opened simultaneously, the opening of the first electromagnetic valve 2 opens an oil path between the cylinder of the height adjusting oil cylinder 10 and the first oil cylinder 17, and an oil path between the first oil storage chamber 1, the opening of the third electromagnetic valve 7 enables gas in the gas storage tank 3 to enter the cylinder of the height adjusting oil cylinder 10, compressed air in the gas storage tank 3 flows into the cylinder of the height adjusting oil cylinder 10 through the closing 7 of the third electromagnetic valve, and a piston of the height adjusting oil cylinder 10 is driven to push hydraulic oil in the oil cylinder of the height adjusting oil cylinder 10 to supply oil to a traditional vibration reduction structure through the first electromagnetic valve 2. After the oil supply is completed, the controller 8 firstly controls the first electromagnetic valve 2 and the third electromagnetic valve 7 to be closed simultaneously, the gas flow between the air storage tank 3 and the height adjusting oil cylinder 10 is cut off, compressed air is prevented from continuously flowing into the height adjusting oil cylinder 10 from the air storage tank 3, meanwhile, the hydraulic oil flow between the oil cylinder of the height adjusting oil cylinder 10 and an oil way between a traditional vibration damping structure is cut off, the piston in the height adjusting oil cylinder 10 is prevented from bearing the fluctuating pressure generated by the suspension work, then, the controller 8 controls the second electromagnetic valve 9 to be opened, the cylinder of the height adjusting oil cylinder 10 is communicated with the atmosphere, and the compressed air in the height adjusting oil cylinder 10 is emptied, so that the subsequent operation of reducing the height of the automobile body and reducing the rigidity of the suspension is facilitated. And finally, the controller 8 controls the electric air compressor unit 5 to start again, the electric air compressor unit 5 generates compressed air, the compressed air enters the air storage tank 3 through the one-way valve 4 to be stored, when the pressure sensor 6 displays that the pressure reaches a preset value, the electric air compressor unit 5 is closed, the air storage tank 3 is stopped being inflated, and the next oil supply preparation work of the device 30 with adjustable vehicle body height and suspension rigidity is completed.
When a driver switches a bad road running mode into a good road running mode, the controller 8 firstly controls the first electromagnetic valve 2 to be opened, hydraulic oil between an oil cylinder of the height adjusting oil cylinder 10 and an oil path between the traditional vibration damping structures is allowed to flow, the hydraulic oil in the oil path between the upper oil chamber and the lower oil chamber of the first oil cylinder 17 flows back to the oil cylinder of the height adjusting oil cylinder 10 under the action of vehicle body gravity transmitted by the cylinder bodies of the second piston rod 23, the second spiral spring 27 and the second oil cylinder 22, and after oil return of the oil cylinder of the height adjusting oil cylinder 10 is completed, the controller 8 controls the first electromagnetic valve 2 to be closed again, the flow of the hydraulic oil between the oil cylinder of the height adjusting oil cylinder 10 and the oil path between the upper oil chamber and the lower oil chamber of the first oil cylinder 17 of the traditional vibration damping structures is cut off, and the situation that a piston in the height adjusting oil cylinder 10 bears the fluctuating pressure generated by suspension work is avoided.
Before the automobile stopping engine is shut down, the height adjusting oil cylinder 10 can be in two states, namely a state that hydraulic oil in the oil cylinder is emptied, and a state that the oil cylinder is filled with oil. When the oil cylinder of the height adjusting oil gas cylinder 10 is in a hydraulic oil emptying state, and when the automobile is in a bad road running mode, the controller 8 firstly controls the hydraulic oil of the traditional vibration damping structure to flow back to the oil cylinder of the height adjusting oil gas cylinder 10. When the oil cylinder of the height adjusting oil cylinder 10 is in an oil filling state, the controller 8 controls the first electromagnetic valve 2 to be closed, the normal close state is recovered, and the hydraulic oil flow between the oil cylinder of the height adjusting oil cylinder 10 and an oil way between the traditional vibration damping structure is cut off. Then, the controller 8 controls the second electromagnetic valve 9 to open again, and the normally open state is recovered, so that the cylinder of the height adjusting oil cylinder 10 is communicated with the atmosphere, and at this time, the vehicle height and suspension stiffness adjustable device 30 is in the initial setting state.
When the vehicle is running on the road, i.e., in the road running mode, the vehicle body is in a low state, the rigidity of the conventional vibration damping structure is provided by the first coil spring 14, and the oil passage between the upper and lower oil chambers of the first cylinder 17 of the conventional vibration damping structure is damped only by the first adjustable throttle valve 29, so that the pressure acting on the upper and lower surfaces of the piston of the first piston rod 16 within the first cylinder 17 is low. When the wheel 12 starts to vibrate upwards, the vehicle body 26 has not yet moved, the wheel 12 pushes the suspension third mass 18 to move upwards by compressing the first coil spring 14 and the first oil cylinder 17 upwards, so that the suspension third mass 18 generates an inertia force, the suspension third mass 18 pushes the second coil spring 27 and the second oil cylinder 22 upwards when moving upwards, so as to push the vehicle body 26 to move upwards, during the movement, when the upward vibration of the wheel 12 passes through the traditional vibration damping structure, the first mounting lower bracket 13 on the first piston rod 16 pushes the first cylinder body 17 to move upwards by the first mounting upper bracket 15 through the first coil spring 14, and performs primary vibration isolation on the upward vibration of the wheel 12, and simultaneously, the first piston rod 16 compresses hydraulic oil in the oil cavity of the first cylinder body 17 through the piston thereon, and flows to the oil-gas chamber 1 of the first cylinder body 17 through the first adjustable throttle valve 29, damping by the first adjustable throttle 29 provides primary damping of the upward vibration of the wheels 12; when the upward vibration of the wheel 12 after vibration isolation and vibration reduction by the traditional vibration reduction structure is transmitted to the cylinder body of the second oil cylinder 22 and the third mass 18 of the suspension, the third mass 18 of the suspension absorbs the upward vibration kinetic energy of the wheel 12 for once; when the wheel 12 absorbing kinetic energy through the suspension third mass 18 vibrates upwards and passes through the anti-resonance vibration damping structure, the second mounting lower bracket 28 on the second oil cylinder 22 pushes the vehicle body 26 to move upwards through the second mounting upper bracket 24 through the second helical spring 27, meanwhile, the second oil cylinder 22 compresses hydraulic oil in the lower cavity of the second oil cylinder through the cylinder body and flows to the upper cavity of the second oil cylinder 22 and the second oil storage chamber 21 through the second adjustable throttle valve 20 and the inerter helix tube 19, damping and inerter are respectively generated by the second adjustable throttle valve 20 and the inerter helix tube 19, the damping and inerter and the rigidity of the second helical spring 27 perform primary anti-resonance vibration damping on the upward vibration of the wheel 12, and finally, the upward vibration input of the wheel 12 to the vehicle body 26 is greatly damped.
When an automobile runs on a road, the automobile body is in a low state, the rigidity of the traditional vibration damping structure is mainly provided by the first spiral spring 14, the automobile body 26 does not move in time when the wheels 12 start to vibrate downwards, the wheels 12 drive the first spiral spring 14 and the first oil cylinder 17 downwards to pull the third mass block 18 of the suspension to move downwards, so that the third mass block 18 of the suspension generates an inertia force, and the third mass block 18 of the suspension moves downwards to pull the second spiral spring 27 and the second oil cylinder 22 downwards to drive the automobile body 1 to move downwards; in the movement process, when the downward vibration of the wheel 12 passes through the traditional vibration damping structure, the first mounting lower bracket 13 on the first piston rod 16 drives the first cylinder body 17 to move downwards through the first mounting upper bracket 15 through the first spiral spring 14, and performs primary vibration isolation on the downward vibration of the wheel 12, meanwhile, the first piston rod 16 compresses hydraulic oil in the lower cavity of the first cylinder body 17 through a piston on the first piston rod, the hydraulic oil flows to the upper cavity of the first cylinder body 17 through the first adjustable throttle valve 29, at the moment, the hydraulic oil in the first oil storage chamber 1 flows to supplement oil to the upper cavity of the first cylinder body 17, and the first adjustable throttle valve 29 generates damping to perform primary vibration damping on the downward vibration of the wheel 12; when the downward vibration of the wheel 12 after vibration isolation and vibration reduction by the traditional vibration reduction structure is transmitted to the cylinder body of the second oil cylinder 22 and the third mass 18 of the suspension, the third mass 18 of the suspension absorbs the downward vibration kinetic energy of the wheel 12 for once; when the wheel 12, which has absorbed kinetic energy by the third mass 18 of the suspension, vibrates downwards and passes through the anti-resonance vibration damping structure, the second mounting lower bracket 28 on the second oil cylinder 22 drives the vehicle body 26 to move downwards through the second mounting upper bracket 24 by the second helical spring 27, the cylinder body of the second oil cylinder 22 descends to compress hydraulic oil in the upper cavity of the cylinder body to flow to the lower oil cavity of the second oil cylinder 22 through the second adjustable throttle valve 20 and the inerter helix tube 19, at the moment, the hydraulic oil in the second oil storage chamber 21 flows to supplement oil to the lower oil cavity of the second cylinder body 22, and damping and inerter helix tube 19 respectively generate damping and inerter, wherein the damping and the inerter helix tube 20 and the rigidity of the second helical spring 27 perform primary anti-resonance vibration damping on the upward vibration of the wheel 12, and finally play a role in greatly damping the downward vibration input of the wheel 12 to the vehicle body 26.
At this time, the automobile can run at a high speed on a good road and is in a lower automobile body state, and the rigidity of the conventional damping structure is mainly provided by the first coil spring 14 and has lower rigidity, so that better riding comfort and better running safety are obtained.
When the automobile runs on a bad road, in a bad road running mode, the automobile body is in a higher state, the rigidity of the traditional vibration damping structure is provided by an oil-gas spring formed by a first spiral spring 14 and an oil-filled first oil-gas storage chamber 1, the rigidity is higher, the pressure of the upper surface and the lower surface of a piston acting on a first piston rod 16 in a first oil cylinder 17 is increased, the automobile body 26 does not move in time at the moment when the wheel 12 starts to vibrate upwards, the wheel 12 pushes a third mass 18 of a suspension to move upwards by compressing the first spiral spring 14 and the first oil cylinder 17 upwards, so that the third mass 18 of the suspension generates an inertia force, and the third mass 18 of the suspension moves upwards to compress a second spiral spring 27 and a second oil cylinder 22 and push the automobile body 1 to move upwards; in the movement process, when the upward vibration of the wheel 12 passes through the traditional vibration damping structure, the first mounting lower bracket 13 on the first piston rod 16 pushes the first cylinder body 17 to move upwards through the first mounting upper bracket 15 through the first spiral spring 14, meanwhile, the first piston rod 16 compresses hydraulic oil in the upper cavity of the first cylinder body 17 through the piston on the first piston rod to flow to the lower cavity of the first cylinder body 17 and the first oil and gas storage chamber 1 through the first adjustable throttle valve 29, the oil and gas spring formed by the oil-filled first oil and gas storage chamber 1 is connected with the first spiral spring 14 in parallel to perform primary vibration isolation on the upward vibration of the wheel 12, and the first adjustable throttle valve 29 generates damping to perform primary vibration damping on the upward vibration of the wheel 12; when the upward vibration of the wheel 12 after vibration isolation and vibration reduction by the traditional vibration reduction structure is transmitted to the cylinder body of the second oil cylinder 22 and the third mass 18 of the suspension, the third mass 18 of the suspension absorbs the upward vibration kinetic energy of the wheel 12 for once; when the wheel 12 absorbing kinetic energy through the suspension third mass 18 vibrates upwards and passes through the anti-resonance vibration damping structure, the second mounting lower bracket 28 on the second oil cylinder 22 pushes the vehicle body 26 to move upwards through the second mounting upper bracket 24 through the second helical spring 27, meanwhile, the second oil cylinder 22 compresses hydraulic oil in the lower cavity of the second oil cylinder through the cylinder body and flows to the upper cavity of the second oil cylinder 22 and the second oil storage chamber 21 through the second adjustable throttle valve 20 and the inerter helix tube 19, damping and inerter are respectively generated by the second adjustable throttle valve 20 and the inerter helix tube 19, the damping and inerter and the rigidity of the second helical spring 27 perform primary anti-resonance vibration damping on the upward vibration of the wheel 12, and finally the upward vibration input of the damping wheel 12 to the vehicle body 26 is realized.
When an automobile runs on a bad road, the automobile body is in a high state, the rigidity of the traditional vibration damping structure is provided by an oil-gas spring formed by a first spiral spring 14 and an oil-filled first oil-gas storage chamber 1, so that the rigidity is high, the automobile body 26 does not move in time when the wheels 12 start to vibrate downwards, the wheels 12 drive the first spiral spring 14 and a first oil cylinder 17 downwards to pull a third suspension mass 18 to move downwards, so that the third suspension mass 18 generates an inertia force, and the third suspension mass 18 moves downwards to pull a second spiral spring 27 and a second oil cylinder 22 downwards to drive the automobile body 1 to move downwards; in the movement process, when the downward vibration of the wheel 12 passes through the traditional vibration damping structure, the first mounting lower bracket 13 on the first piston rod 16 drives the first cylinder body 17 to move downwards through the first mounting upper bracket 15 through the first spiral spring 14, meanwhile, the first piston rod 16 compresses hydraulic oil in a lower oil cavity of the first cylinder body 17 through a piston on the first piston rod to flow to an upper oil cavity of the first cylinder body 17 through the first adjustable throttle valve 29, the hydraulic oil in the first oil and gas storage chamber 1 flows to supplement oil to the upper oil cavity of the first cylinder body 17, an oil and gas spring formed by the oil-filled first oil and gas storage chamber 1 is connected with the first spiral spring 14 in parallel and performs primary vibration isolation on the downward vibration of the wheel 12, and the first adjustable throttle valve 29 generates damping to perform primary vibration damping on the downward vibration of the wheel 12; when the downward vibration of the wheel 12 after vibration isolation and vibration reduction by the traditional vibration reduction structure is transmitted to the cylinder body of the second oil cylinder 22 and the third mass 18 of the suspension, the third mass 18 of the suspension absorbs the downward vibration kinetic energy of the wheel 12 for once; when the wheel 12, which has absorbed kinetic energy by the third mass 18 of the suspension, vibrates downwards and passes through the anti-resonance vibration damping structure, the second mounting lower bracket 28 on the second oil cylinder 22 is driven by the second mounting upper bracket 24 to move downwards through the second helical spring 27, the cylinder body of the second oil cylinder 22 descends to compress hydraulic oil in the upper oil cavity of the cylinder body to flow to the lower oil cavity of the second oil cylinder 22 through the second adjustable throttle valve 20 and the inerter helical tube 19, at the same time, the hydraulic oil in the second oil storage chamber 21 flows into the lower oil cavity of the second oil cylinder 22 to supplement oil, the second adjustable throttle valve 20 and the inerter helical tube 19 respectively generate damping and inerter, the damping and the inerter and the rigidity of the second helical spring 27 perform primary anti-resonance vibration damping on the upward vibration of the wheel 12, and finally, the downward vibration input of the wheel 12 to the anti-resonance vibration damping structure is realized.
At the moment, the automobile runs on a bad road and is in a high automobile body state, the rigidity of the traditional vibration damping structure is provided by the first spiral spring 14 and the hydro-pneumatic spring formed by the oil-filled first oil storage chamber 1 in parallel connection, so that the rigidity is higher, and the phenomenon that the riding comfort is rapidly deteriorated due to the fact that the suspension is limited by collision is avoided.
In addition, when the high-frequency component excited by the road surface is more, the suspension third mass 18 and the anti-resonance vibration reduction structure work together to reduce the high-frequency vibration of the vehicle body, and the specific working principle analysis is as follows:
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the operation of the self-powered active suspension of the present invention, wherein m is shown in FIG. 31Is the mass of the wheel 12; m is2The mass of the vehicle body 26; m iseIs the inertia capacity of an anti-resonance vibration reduction structure; m iscA mass that is a suspension third mass 18; k is a radical of1Is the equivalent stiffness of the wheel 12; k is a radical of2The rigidity of the anti-resonance vibration damping structure; k is a radical ofcThe rigidity of the traditional vibration damping structure; c. C2Damping for an anti-resonance vibration reduction structure; c. CcDamping of a traditional vibration reduction structure; q is the vertical input of the uneven road surface; z is a radical of1Is the vertical displacement, z, of the wheel 122Is the vertical displacement of the vehicle body 26; z is a radical ofcIs the vertical displacement of the third mass 18 of the suspension. The differential equation for self-powered active suspension motion is:
Figure BDA0003341769110000161
Figure BDA0003341769110000162
Figure BDA0003341769110000163
in the formula:
Figure BDA0003341769110000164
are each z1First and second derivatives of;
Figure BDA0003341769110000165
are each zcFirst and second derivatives of;
Figure BDA0003341769110000166
are each z2First and second derivatives of (a).
Figure BDA0003341769110000167
The second derivative of (A) is also the sprung mass acceleration, and the sprung mass acceleration is obtained by solving
Figure BDA0003341769110000168
Comprises the following steps:
Figure BDA0003341769110000169
the transfer function of the vertical displacement of the vehicle body 26 with respect to the road surface input can be obtained from equations (1) to (3) as follows:
Figure BDA00033417691100001610
in the formula:
A1＝(m2+me)s2+c2s+k2，A2＝m1s2+k1，B1＝c2s+k2，B2＝ccs+kc，s＝j2πf，
in the formula: j is an imaginary number; and f is the excitation frequency.
From equation (5), the power spectral density of the vertical acceleration of the vehicle body 26 is calculated according to equation (6):
Figure BDA0003341769110000171
in the formula: u is the vehicle speed; gq(n0) The coefficient of road surface unevenness; n is0Is a spatial reference frequency of the road surface; n isminIs the lower cutoff frequency of the pavement space; w is the frequency index.
For example, when the values of the parameters are: m is1＝36kg、m2＝500kg、me＝12.48kg、mc＝18kg、k1＝300000N/m、k2＝76842N/m、kc＝27404N/m、c2＝302Ns/m、cc＝2369Ns/m、u＝30km/h、Gq(n0)＝4096×10-6m2/m-1、n0＝0.1m-1、nmin＝0.011m-1When W is 2, m iseAnd mcA comparison of the power spectral density of the vertical acceleration of the vehicle body 26 with or without the 0 value is shown in fig. 4. FIG. 4 shows that only when meAnd mcAnd are not equal to 0, the power spectrum value of the vertical acceleration of the vehicle body 26 is the smallest around the natural frequency of vibration of the wheel 12.
As is apparent from the formula (4), only when m iseAnd mcWhen the acceleration is not equal to 0, namely a traditional damping structure, a suspension third mass and an antiresonance damping structure are adopted, the acceleration of the spring-loaded mass (a vehicle body) can be related to all system state vectors, the dimension of an optimized parameter for reducing the acceleration of the spring-loaded mass is increased to multiple dimensions from two dimensions, and the method is similar to the method that the spring-loaded mass acceleration is determined by the coefficients of a plurality of state variables such as the relative motion speed of the suspension, the dynamic deflection of the suspension, the deformation speed of a tire, the dynamic deformation of the tire and the like under the action of the active control force of the active suspension. Furthermore, when the acceleration value of the third mass 18 of the suspension and the acceleration value of the relative movement of the antiresonant structure increase, meAnd mcAbsorbs the vibration energy between the suspensions to store energy,when the acceleration value of the third mass 18 of the suspension and the acceleration value of the relative movement of the antiresonant structure decrease, meAnd mcThe active suspension provided by the invention is a self-powered active suspension.
As shown in figure 1, a first adjustable throttle valve 29 in the self-powered active suspension is arranged outside a first oil cylinder 17, so that the damping adjustment of a traditional damping structure is facilitated, and the adaptability of various types of automobiles is good. If a single vehicle type is used, the first adjustable throttle valve 29 arranged outside the first oil cylinder 17 can be removed, the upper and lower oil cavities of the first oil cylinder 17 are communicated through the built-in throttle holes, the structure having the same function as the first adjustable throttle valve 29 can be integrated on the piston of the first piston rod 16, that is, the throttle holes which are communicated up and down can be opened on the piston of the first piston rod 16 to replace the first adjustable throttle valve 29, at this time, the first oil storage chamber 1 is connected to any one of the oil port at the lower part of the lower oil cavity of the first oil cylinder 17 or the oil port at the upper part of the upper oil cavity of the first oil cylinder 17 by using the hydraulic oil pipe, and the other unconnected oil port is blocked, that is, a connecting oil path is not required to be formed between the oil port at the lower part of the lower oil cavity of the first oil cylinder 17 and the oil port at the upper part of the upper oil cavity, so as to simplify the structure, and the vehicle body height and suspension rigidity adjustable device 30 are still connected with the first oil storage chamber 1 and the first oil cylinder 17 respectively, this configuration is also within the scope of the present invention. When the device 30 with adjustable vehicle height and suspension stiffness supplies oil, hydraulic oil in the first oil storage and gas chamber 1 enters the first oil cylinder 17 through an oil port at the lower part of a lower oil chamber or an oil port at the upper part of an upper oil chamber of the first oil cylinder 17 connected with the first oil storage and gas chamber 1, the hydraulic oil enters the first oil cylinder 17 from the oil port at the lower part of the lower oil chamber, and then enters the upper oil chamber upwards through a throttle hole on a piston of the first piston rod 16, so that the first piston rod 16 is driven to move downwards relative to a cylinder body of the first oil cylinder 17, the cylinder body of the first oil cylinder 17 moves upwards relative to the ground, and the vehicle body 26 rises. On the contrary, after the hydraulic oil enters the first oil cylinder 17 from the oil port at the upper part of the upper oil cavity, the hydraulic oil enters the lower oil cavity from the throttle hole on the piston of the first piston rod 16 downward, the first piston rod 16 is driven to move upward relative to the body of the first oil cylinder 17, the body of the first oil cylinder 17 moves downward relative to the ground, and the vehicle body 26 is lowered.

Claims (10)

1. The utility model provides a height and rigidity adjustable self-powered initiative suspension, includes first hydro-cylinder (17) and second hydro-cylinder (22) directly over, the cylinder body bottom fixed connection of first hydro-cylinder (17) and second hydro-cylinder (22), characterized by:
the upper end piston end of the first piston rod (16) extends into the first oil cylinder (17) to divide the first oil cylinder (17) into an upper closed oil cavity and a lower closed oil cavity which are both filled with oil, the upper part of the upper cavity of the first oil cylinder (17) is sequentially connected with a first adjustable throttle valve (29), a first oil and gas storage chamber (1) and the lower part of the lower cavity in series through a hydraulic pipeline, and the lower end of the first piston rod (16) extends downwards out of the first oil cylinder (17) and is fixedly connected with wheels (12); a first spiral spring (14) is arranged in the space above the wheels (12) and the first oil cylinder (17) from top to bottom, the lower end of the first spiral spring (14) is fixedly connected with the lower end of a first piston rod (16), and the upper end of the first spiral spring is rigidly connected with a cylinder body of the first oil cylinder (17); the lower end piston end of the second piston rod (23) extends downwards into the second oil cylinder (22) to divide the second oil cylinder (22) into an upper closed oil cavity and a lower closed oil cavity which are both filled with oil, and the upper end extends upwards out of the second oil cylinder (22) and is fixedly connected with a vehicle body (26); a second spiral spring (27) is arranged in the space below the vehicle body (26) and the second oil cylinder (22) from top to bottom, the upper end of the second spiral spring (27) is fixedly connected with the upper end of the second piston rod (23), and the lower end of the second spiral spring is rigidly connected with the cylinder body of the second oil cylinder (22); the device (30) with adjustable height of the vehicle body and adjustable rigidity of the suspension is connected to a hydraulic pipeline from the first oil and gas storage chamber (1) to the lower part of the lower chamber of the first oil cylinder (17), the device (30) with adjustable height of the vehicle body and adjustable rigidity of the suspension can supply oil to the first oil and gas storage chamber (1) and the first oil cylinder (17), and oil in the first oil and gas storage chamber (1) and the first oil cylinder (17) can also flow back to the first oil and gas storage chamber.
2. The adjustable height and stiffness self-powered active suspension of claim 1, wherein: the device (30) with adjustable vehicle body height and suspension rigidity comprises a first electromagnetic valve (2) which are sequentially connected in series, an oil adjusting cylinder (10), a third electromagnetic valve (7), a gas storage tank (3), a one-way valve (4) and an electric pneumatic compressor unit (5), wherein the first electromagnetic valve (2) is a normally-closed valve, an oil cylinder outlet of the oil adjusting cylinder (10) is respectively connected with a first oil and gas storage chamber (1) and a first oil cylinder (17) through the first electromagnetic valve (2), a normally-opened second electromagnetic valve (9) is connected to a gas path between an air cylinder inlet of the oil adjusting cylinder (10) and the third electromagnetic valve (7) in a side-to-side manner, a gas path upper external pressure sensor (6) between the third electromagnetic valve (7) and the one-way valve (4), the pressure sensor (6) is connected to a controller (8) through a signal line, and the controller (8) is respectively connected with the electric pneumatic compressor unit (5) through a control signal line, A first solenoid valve (2), a second solenoid valve (9) and a third solenoid valve (7).
3. The adjustable height and stiffness self-powered active suspension of claim 1, wherein: and a suspension third mass (18) is fixedly connected to the cylinder bodies of the first oil cylinder (17) and the second oil cylinder (22), and the suspension third mass (18) is fixedly sleeved outside the cylinder bodies of the first oil cylinder (17) and the second oil cylinder (22) and is tightly attached to the outer wall of the cylinder body.
4. The adjustable height and stiffness self-powered active suspension of claim 1, wherein: the first spiral spring (14) is coaxially sleeved outside the first piston rod (16) and the first oil cylinder (17), and the second spiral spring (27) is coaxially sleeved outside the second piston rod (23) and the second oil cylinder (22).
5. The adjustable height and stiffness self-powered active suspension of claim 1, wherein: the piston of the first piston rod (16) is provided with a throttle hole which is communicated up and down to replace the first adjustable throttle valve (29), the first oil storage and gas chamber (1) is connected to any one of an oil port at the lower part of a lower oil cavity of the first oil cylinder (17) or an oil port at the upper part of an upper oil cavity of the first oil cylinder (17) through a hydraulic oil pipe, and the other oil port which is not connected with the first oil storage and gas chamber (1) is plugged.
6. A method of operating a height and stiffness tunable self-powered active suspension as claimed in claim 1, comprising the steps of:
step A: when the automobile is stopped and the engine is not started, the height of the automobile body and the rigidity of the suspension are in a low automobile height which is initially set and a low rigidity state which is provided by only the first spiral spring (14), and the oil pressure in the first oil storage chamber (1) is the same as the oil pressure in the upper oil chamber and the lower oil chamber of the first oil cylinder (17);
and B: after an automobile engine is started, when an automobile is switched from a good road running mode to a bad road running mode, oil is supplied to an automobile body height and suspension stiffness adjustable device (30), hydraulic oil flows into a first oil-gas chamber (1), part of the hydraulic oil in the first oil-gas chamber (1) flows into an upper cavity of a first oil cylinder (17) through a first adjustable throttle valve (29) due to the fact that the oil pressure in the first oil-gas chamber rises, a first piston rod (16) moves downwards relative to a cylinder body of the first oil cylinder (17), the hydraulic oil in a lower cavity of the first oil cylinder (17) flows into the upper cavity of the first oil cylinder (17) through the first adjustable throttle valve (29), the cylinder body of the first oil cylinder (17) moves upwards relative to the ground, and a second oil cylinder (22), a second spiral spring (27), a second piston rod (23) and the automobile body (26) are driven to move upwards relative to the ground integrally, so that the automobile body (26) rises; the greater stiffness is provided by the first helical spring (14) and the hydro-pneumatic spring formed by the first hydro-pneumatic chamber (1);
and C: when the automobile is switched from a bad road running mode to a good road running mode, hydraulic oil in the first oil-gas chamber (1) firstly flows back to the device (30) with adjustable automobile body height and suspension stiffness, the oil pressure of the first oil-gas chamber (1) is reduced, the hydraulic oil in the upper oil cavity of the first oil cylinder (17) flows to the lower oil cavity of the first oil cylinder (17) through the first adjustable throttle valve (29), the first piston rod (16) moves upwards relative to the first oil cylinder (17), the first oil cylinder (17) moves downwards relative to the ground, the first oil cylinder (17) drives the second oil cylinder (22), the second spiral spring (27), the second piston rod (23) and the automobile body (26) to integrally move downwards relative to the ground, the automobile body (26) is lowered, the first spiral spring (14) is compressed downwards and is restored to the initial state, and only small stiffness is provided.
7. A method of operating a height and stiffness tunable self-powered active suspension as claimed in claim 2, comprising the steps of:
step A1: when the automobile is stopped and the engine is not started, the oil cylinder of the height adjusting oil cylinder (10) is filled with hydraulic oil and the air cylinder is emptied, the first electromagnetic valve (2) and the third electromagnetic valve are closed (7) and are normally closed, and the second electromagnetic valve is opened (9) and is normally opened;
step B1: when an automobile engine is started, the controller (8) controls the electric air compressor unit (5) to work, compressed air enters the air storage tank (3) through the one-way valve (4) to be stored, and when the pressure sensor (6) detects that the pressure of the air storage tank (3) reaches a control preset value, the electric air compressor unit (5) is closed, and the air storage tank (3) is stopped being inflated;
step C1: when the automobile is switched from the good road running mode to the bad road running mode, the controller (8) controls the second electromagnetic valve (9) to be closed, then controls the first electromagnetic valve (2) and the third electromagnetic valve (7) to be opened simultaneously, gas in the gas storage tank (3) enters a cylinder of the height adjusting oil gas cylinder (10), and hydraulic oil in the oil cylinder of the height adjusting oil gas cylinder (10) is pushed to be supplied with oil through the first electromagnetic valve (2);
step D1: after oil supply is finished, the controller (8) controls the first electromagnetic valve (2) and the third electromagnetic valve (7) to be closed simultaneously, then controls the second electromagnetic valve (9) to be opened, compressed air in the height adjusting oil cylinder (10) is emptied, finally controls the electric air compressor unit (5) to be started again, the compressed air enters the air storage tank (3) to be stored, and when the pressure sensor (6) displays that the pressure reaches a preset value, the electric air compressor unit (5) is closed;
step E1: when the automobile is switched from the bad road running mode to the good road running mode, the controller (8) controls the first electromagnetic valve (2) to be opened firstly, the hydraulic oil flows back to the oil cylinder of the height adjusting oil cylinder (10), and the controller (8) controls the first electromagnetic valve (2) to be closed.
8. The method for operating a self-powered active suspension with adjustable height and rigidity as claimed in claim 7, wherein: before an automobile parking engine is turned off, when an oil cylinder of a height adjusting oil cylinder (10) is in a hydraulic oil emptying state, when the automobile is in a bad road running mode, a controller (8) controls hydraulic oil to flow back to the oil cylinder of the height adjusting oil cylinder (10) firstly; when the oil cylinder of the height adjusting oil cylinder (10) is in a full oil state, the controller (8) controls the first electromagnetic valve (2) to be closed firstly, and then controls the second electromagnetic valve (9) to be opened.
9. The working method of the height and rigidity adjustable self-powered active suspension as claimed in claim 6 or 7, wherein: the upper part of the upper chamber of the second oil cylinder (22) is sequentially connected in series with an inerter spiral tube (19), a second adjustable throttle valve (20), a second oil storage chamber (21) and the lower part of the lower chamber of the second oil cylinder (22) through a hydraulic pipeline; when the automobile is in an on-road running mode, the first adjustable throttle valve (29) generates damping to damp the vibration of the wheels (12), and the second adjustable throttle valve (20) and the inerter helix tube (19) respectively generate damping and inerter and the second helical spring (27) to perform primary anti-resonance vibration damping on the vibration of the wheels (12); when the automobile is in a bad road running mode, an oil-gas spring formed by the first oil-gas storage chamber (1) is connected with the first spiral spring (14) in parallel to perform vibration isolation on the vibration of the wheels (12), the first adjustable throttle valve (29) generates damping to perform vibration attenuation on the vibration of the wheels (12), and the second adjustable throttle valve (20) and the inerter spiral tube (19) respectively generate damping and inerter and the second spiral spring (27) to perform primary anti-resonance vibration attenuation on the vibration of the wheels (12).
10. A method of operating a height and stiffness tunable self-powered active suspension as claimed in claim 5, wherein: when the vehicle body height and suspension rigidity adjustable device (30) supplies oil, after hydraulic oil enters from an oil port at the lower part of a lower oil cavity of the first oil cylinder (17), the hydraulic oil enters an upper oil cavity from a throttling hole upwards to drive the first piston rod (16) to move downwards relative to the body of the first oil cylinder (17), the body of the first oil cylinder (17) moves upwards relative to the ground, and the vehicle body (26) rises; when hydraulic oil enters from an oil port at the upper part of the upper oil cavity of the first oil cylinder (17), the throttling hole downwards enters the lower oil cavity, the first piston rod (16) is driven to move upwards relative to the cylinder body of the first oil cylinder (17), the cylinder body of the first oil cylinder (17) moves downwards relative to the ground, and the vehicle body (26) is lowered.
CN202111311617.1A 2021-11-08 2021-11-08 Height and rigidity adjustable self-powered active suspension and working method thereof Active CN113942355B (en)

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Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0394079A1 (en) * 1989-04-21 1990-10-24 Chien-Hung Lin Automobile suspension system
JP2016160968A (en) * 2015-02-27 2016-09-05 株式会社ショーワ Vehicle height adjusting device
CN112549892A (en) * 2020-12-04 2021-03-26 江苏大学 Secondary vibration reduction electrohydraulic active suspension with adjustable additional rigidity and damping and working method
CN113183705A (en) * 2021-06-11 2021-07-30 尨腾汽车科技(南京)有限公司 Secondary vibration reduction active suspension with function not lost after fault and working method
CN113386512A (en) * 2021-06-11 2021-09-14 尨腾汽车科技(南京)有限公司 Three-mass four-parameter adjustable two-stage vibration reduction passive suspension and working method thereof

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0394079A1 (en) * 1989-04-21 1990-10-24 Chien-Hung Lin Automobile suspension system
JP2016160968A (en) * 2015-02-27 2016-09-05 株式会社ショーワ Vehicle height adjusting device
CN112549892A (en) * 2020-12-04 2021-03-26 江苏大学 Secondary vibration reduction electrohydraulic active suspension with adjustable additional rigidity and damping and working method
CN113183705A (en) * 2021-06-11 2021-07-30 尨腾汽车科技(南京)有限公司 Secondary vibration reduction active suspension with function not lost after fault and working method
CN113386512A (en) * 2021-06-11 2021-09-14 尨腾汽车科技(南京)有限公司 Three-mass four-parameter adjustable two-stage vibration reduction passive suspension and working method thereof

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