CN113938216B - Underwater communication system based on very-low-frequency magnetoelectric antenna and manufacturing method - Google Patents

Underwater communication system based on very-low-frequency magnetoelectric antenna and manufacturing method Download PDF

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CN113938216B
CN113938216B CN202111223332.2A CN202111223332A CN113938216B CN 113938216 B CN113938216 B CN 113938216B CN 202111223332 A CN202111223332 A CN 202111223332A CN 113938216 B CN113938216 B CN 113938216B
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signal
antenna
module
low frequency
magnetostrictive
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CN113938216A (en
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刘明
胡忠强
吴金根
杜泳君
徐奕维
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Xian Jiaotong University
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Xian Jiaotong University
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B13/00—Transmission systems characterised by the medium used for transmission, not provided for in groups H04B3/00 - H04B11/00
    • H04B13/02—Transmission systems in which the medium consists of the earth or a large mass of water thereon, e.g. earth telegraphy
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
    • H04B1/0003—Software-defined radio [SDR] systems, i.e. systems wherein components typically implemented in hardware, e.g. filters or modulators/demodulators, are implented using software, e.g. by involving an AD or DA conversion stage such that at least part of the signal processing is performed in the digital domain
    • H04B1/0007—Software-defined radio [SDR] systems, i.e. systems wherein components typically implemented in hardware, e.g. filters or modulators/demodulators, are implented using software, e.g. by involving an AD or DA conversion stage such that at least part of the signal processing is performed in the digital domain wherein the AD/DA conversion occurs at radiofrequency or intermediate frequency stage
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
    • H04B1/0003—Software-defined radio [SDR] systems, i.e. systems wherein components typically implemented in hardware, e.g. filters or modulators/demodulators, are implented using software, e.g. by involving an AD or DA conversion stage such that at least part of the signal processing is performed in the digital domain
    • H04B1/0007—Software-defined radio [SDR] systems, i.e. systems wherein components typically implemented in hardware, e.g. filters or modulators/demodulators, are implented using software, e.g. by involving an AD or DA conversion stage such that at least part of the signal processing is performed in the digital domain wherein the AD/DA conversion occurs at radiofrequency or intermediate frequency stage
    • H04B1/0014—Software-defined radio [SDR] systems, i.e. systems wherein components typically implemented in hardware, e.g. filters or modulators/demodulators, are implented using software, e.g. by involving an AD or DA conversion stage such that at least part of the signal processing is performed in the digital domain wherein the AD/DA conversion occurs at radiofrequency or intermediate frequency stage using DSP [Digital Signal Processor] quadrature modulation and demodulation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
    • H04B1/38—Transceivers, i.e. devices in which transmitter and receiver form a structural unit and in which at least one part is used for functions of transmitting and receiving
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
    • H04B1/38—Transceivers, i.e. devices in which transmitter and receiver form a structural unit and in which at least one part is used for functions of transmitting and receiving
    • H04B1/40—Circuits
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
    • H04B1/38—Transceivers, i.e. devices in which transmitter and receiver form a structural unit and in which at least one part is used for functions of transmitting and receiving
    • H04B2001/3894—Waterproofing of transmission device

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Transducers For Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
  • Arrangements For Transmission Of Measured Signals (AREA)

Abstract

An underwater communication system based on a very low frequency magnetoelectric antenna and a manufacturing method thereof comprise a signal transmitting end upper computer, a signal transmitting end lower computer, a power amplifier, a very low frequency magnetoelectric transmitting antenna, a signal receiving end upper computer, a signal receiving end lower computer and a very low frequency magnetoelectric receiving antenna; the very low frequency magnetoelectric transmitting antenna and the very low frequency receiving antenna structure comprises a piezoelectric material, an electrode plate, a flexible electrode, a magnetostrictive material, an adhesive, a binding post, a PCB (printed Circuit Board), a permanent magnet material, an SMA (shape memory alloy) interface and a waterproof shell. The underwater communication system based on the very low frequency magnetoelectric antenna realizes the underwater signal receiving and transmitting based on the magnetoelectric antenna for the first time, and has the advantages of small volume, low price, no need of alignment and high environmental adaptability compared with other underwater communication systems.

Description

Underwater communication system based on very-low-frequency magnetoelectric antenna and manufacturing method
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of underwater communication systems, and particularly relates to an underwater communication system based on a very-low-frequency magnetoelectric antenna and a manufacturing method thereof.
Background
Underwater wireless communication includes long-range communication between a base station and a submarine, short-range communication between divers, and control of Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs), remote vehicles (ROVs), and Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks (UWSNs) due to its wide application in the civilian and military fields. The demand for acquiring and exchanging ocean information in real time is continuously increasing, and higher requirements are put forward on underwater wireless communication technology. Under the environment of shallow water and crowded water areas, the underwater acoustic communication usually has the problems of large environmental noise, high time delay, strong reflection and attenuation caused by multipath propagation and the like, and is not suitable for real-time broadband underwater communication. Optical communication technologies can achieve very high data rates at Gbps, but their underwater applications are limited by strict directional alignment requirements and susceptibility to turbidity, particles and marine contamination. And the underwater communication based on the electromagnetic wave, especially using the ultra-low frequency (ULF 300-3000 Hz) or very low frequency (VLF 3-30 kHz) electromagnetic wave as the carrier of the underwater wireless communication, can overcome the huge attenuation of the underwater electromagnetic wave, and has good adaptability to complex environment. Conventional antennas are usually short antennas, and their working principle is that current oscillation in a conductor generates radiation electromagnetic wave in space. According to the Chu limit, the antenna size is generally comparable to the wavelength length of electromagnetic waves, while the wavelength of ultra-low frequency electromagnetic waves is at least 1000km, and if an electrically short antenna is used, the antenna size of the low frequency carrier wave becomes enormous. In recent years, the concept of mechanical antennas that radiate electromagnetic waves by physically moving, rotating or oscillating electric charges or magnetic dipole moments has been considered to break the Chu limit, opening new possibilities for antenna miniaturization. Two approaches have been proposed, namely external mechanical drive and acoustic self-resonance of the acoustic wavelength to drive the mechanical antenna. However, the data transmission rate of the antenna driven by external machinery is limited by the mechanical inertia of the permanent magnet, and the heat dissipation of the driving coil is larger under long-term operation, so that the radiation efficiency is reduced, and certain requirements are provided for the thermal stability of the permanent magnet. In contrast, since no external motor is required, acoustically driven antennas have smaller size, lower power consumption and higher radiation efficiency, two implementation ideas currently exist: one is a piezoelectric mechanical antenna which generates radiation by using the positive and negative piezoelectric effects of a piezoelectric material; the other is a magnetoelectric mechanical antenna which generates radiation by utilizing the magnetoelectric effect of a magnetoelectric heterostructure formed by combining a piezoelectric material and a magnetostrictive material. The piezoelectric mechanical antenna applies excitation to the piezoelectric material through an external alternating electric field, so that the piezoelectric material generates deformation changing along with the external excitation, the movement of bound charges on the surface of the piezoelectric material and dipole moment inside the piezoelectric material is driven, dipole current is formed, and radiation is generated outwards. Although the piezo mechanical antenna has a high quality factor, it requires a high driving voltage and cannot be used as a receiving antenna. Also based on the acoustic driving theory, the magnetoelectric mechanical antenna combines the piezoelectric effect and the magnetostrictive effect. In the emission mode, the piezoelectric layer generates piezoelectric effect under the excitation applied by the electrode, generates vibration with the same frequency as the alternating excitation signal, and drives the magnetostrictive layer to vibrate, thereby generating magnetic field radiation. In a receiving mode, the magnetostrictive layer generates a magnetostrictive effect in a radiation magnetic field to generate vibration with the same frequency as an alternating magnetic field signal to drive the piezoelectric layer to vibrate, so that voltage output is generated. At present, the portable magnetoelectric antenna is considered to have great application potential in the field of underwater communication. However, due to the lack of a very low frequency digital modulation technology matched with the electromagnetic antenna and a high-reliability packaging design, a very low frequency underwater communication system based on the magnetoelectric antenna is not seen yet.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an underwater communication system based on a very low frequency magnetoelectric antenna and a manufacturing method thereof, so as to solve the problems.
In order to realize the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
an underwater communication system based on a very low frequency magnetoelectric antenna comprises a signal transmitting end upper computer, a signal transmitting end lower computer, a power amplifier, a very low frequency magnetoelectric transmitting antenna, a signal receiving end upper computer, a signal receiving end lower computer and a very low frequency magnetoelectric receiving antenna; at a signal transmitting end, a transmitting signal is received and encoded by an upper computer of the signal transmitting end, the encoded signal is subjected to signal modulation and digital-analog conversion by a lower computer of the signal transmitting end, then is amplified by a power amplifier and finally is transmitted by a very-low-frequency magnetoelectric transmitting antenna; after the electromagnetic wave signals are received by the very low frequency receiving antenna at the signal receiving end, analog-to-digital conversion and signal noise reduction are carried out by a lower computer of the signal receiving end, and the signals after noise reduction are demodulated and decoded by an upper computer of the signal receiving end to read signal information;
the very low frequency magnetoelectric transmitting antenna has the same structure as the very low frequency receiving antenna and comprises a waterproof shell, a piezoelectric module, a magnetostrictive module and a PCB; the piezoelectric module, the magnetostrictive modules and the PCB are all arranged inside the waterproof shell, the piezoelectric module and the magnetostrictive modules are arranged above the PCB, and the two magnetostrictive modules are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the piezoelectric module respectively.
Further, the piezoelectric module comprises a piezoelectric material, an electrode plate and a flexible electrode; the piezoelectric material is in a strip rectangular sheet structure, electrode plates are arranged on two opposite surfaces of the piezoelectric material in the thickness direction, and electrodes are led out of the electrode plates through flexible electrodes; the magnetostrictive module comprises a magnetostrictive material, a piezoelectric material and an adhesive magnetostrictive material, wherein the magnetostrictive material is in a long rectangular sheet structure, the length of the magnetostrictive material is longer than that of the piezoelectric material, and the piezoelectric material is positioned between the two layers of magnetostrictive materials and is connected with the two layers of magnetostrictive materials by the adhesive.
Furthermore, the outer parts of the two flexible electrodes are respectively fixed on two wiring terminals, and the bottom ends of the two wiring terminals are respectively connected with a lead and a copper layer of the PCB; and SMA interfaces are respectively arranged at two ends of the PCB.
Furthermore, the side surface of the magnetostrictive module is provided with a permanent magnet material, and the permanent magnet material is one of nickel-cobalt permanent magnet alloy, iron-chromium-cobalt permanent magnet alloy, permanent magnetic ferrite or rare earth permanent magnet material.
Further, the signal transmitting end upper computer is a computer and comprises a signal receiving module and a signal coding module; the signal receiving module is used for receiving and storing a signal to be transmitted input by a user; the signal coding module is used for coding a signal to be sent into a 01 digital signal and transmitting the digital signal to a lower computer of a signal transmitting end in a serial port and Ethernet communication mode; the lower computer of the signal transmitting end is an FPGA development board, a singlechip or a DSP development board and comprises a signal modulation module and a digital-to-analog conversion module; the signal modulation module is used for modulating a 01 digital signal sent from the signal transmitting end upper computer into ASK, FSK and PSK digital signals; the digital-to-analog conversion module is used for converting ASK, FSK and PSK digital signals into corresponding analog signals, and the analog signals are sent to the input end of the power amplifier.
Further, the lower computer of the signal receiving end is an oscilloscope, an FPGA development board, a singlechip or a DSP development board and comprises an analog-to-digital conversion module and a signal noise reduction module; the analog-to-digital conversion module is used for converting an analog signal sent by the very low frequency receiving antenna into a digital signal; the signal noise reduction module is used for filtering and amplifying the original signal and transmitting the original signal to the signal receiving end upper computer in a serial port and Ethernet communication mode; the signal receiving end upper computer is a computer and comprises a signal demodulation module and a signal decoding module; the signal demodulation module is used for demodulating the modulation signal sent by the lower computer of the signal receiving end into a 01 digital signal; the signal decoding module is used for decoding the 01 digital signal and reading signal information.
Further, the piezoelectric material is one of AlN, quartz, liNbO3, baTiO3, znO, pb (Zr, ti) O3, pb (Mg, nb) O3-PbTiO3, pb (Zn, nb) O3-PbTiO3, pb (Ni, nb) O3-Pb (Zr, ti) O3 or BiScO3-PbTiO 3;
the electrode plates cover two opposite surfaces in the thickness direction of the piezoelectric material, and the electrode plates are made of one of Au, ag, al, cu, pt, W, fe, co, ni or Ti.
Furthermore, the substrate material of the flexible electrode is one of polyethylene glycol terephthalate (PET), polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), polyethylene (PE), polyvinyl chloride (PVC) or polypropylene (PP), and the conductive material in the flexible electrode is one of Au, ag, al, cu, pt or Ni; the magnetostrictive material is Metglas, tb-Dy-Fe alloy [ Terfenol-D (Tb0.27-0.30Dy0.73-0.70Fe1.90-1.95) ], ni-Fe 2O4, co-Fe 2O4, ni-Mn-Ga alloy (Ni 2 MnGa), or a magnetostrictive composite material formed by compounding the magnetostrictive material and a polymer.
Furthermore, the length of the long rectangular sheet structure of the piezoelectric material is 10-30mm, the width is 2-4mm, the thickness is 0.1-0.5mm, and the polarization direction is the thickness direction; the length of the long strip rectangular sheet structure of the magnetostrictive material is 90-110mm, the width is 2-4mm, and the thickness is 0.1-0.5mm.
Further, a manufacturing method of the underwater communication system based on the very low frequency magnetoelectric antenna comprises the following steps:
step 1, providing a piezoelectric material, processing the piezoelectric material into a required size and shape, and ultrasonically cleaning the piezoelectric material by using ultrapure water;
step 2, plating electrodes on the upper end and the lower end of the surface of the piezoelectric material in a silver paste annealing, evaporation or magnetron sputtering mode;
step 3, polarizing the piezoelectric material in the thickness direction after electrodes are manufactured;
step 4, two flexible electrodes are attached to two end faces of the piezoelectric material and used for conducting electric signals;
step 5, providing a magnetostrictive material, processing the magnetostrictive material into a required size and a required shape, and cleaning the magnetostrictive material with alcohol;
step 6, adhering the piezoelectric material laminated with the flexible electrode between two layers of magnetostrictive materials by using an adhesive, wherein the piezoelectric material is positioned in the center of the magnetostrictive materials in the length direction;
step 7, connecting the binding post and the SMA interface on a PCB of the existing circuit by tin soldering;
step 8, respectively fixing two flexible electrode leading-out ends of the magnetoelectric composite material on two binding posts, and fixing two permanent magnet materials on two ends of the magnetoelectric composite material by using glue to ensure that the direction of a magnetic field is along the axial direction of the magnetoelectric composite material;
step 9, fixing the PCB on the main shell of the waterproof shell, adhering the shell by using a waterproof adhesive, and blocking the gap to obtain the very-low-frequency magnetoelectric antenna;
step 10, repeating the steps 1-9 to manufacture a second very low frequency magnetoelectric antenna, wherein the two very low frequency magnetoelectric antennas are respectively used as a very low frequency magnetoelectric transmitting antenna and a very low frequency magnetoelectric receiving antenna;
step 11, at the signal transmitting end, the signal transmitting end upper computer is connected and communicated with the signal transmitting end lower computer through a serial port, a parallel port or an Ethernet wire, the output end of the signal transmitting end lower computer is connected with the input end of a power amplifier through a coaxial wire, and the output end of the power amplifier is connected with an SMA interface of a very-low-frequency magnetoelectric transmitting antenna through the coaxial wire;
and step 12, at the signal receiving end, the SMA interface of the very low frequency magnetoelectric receiving antenna is connected with a lower computer of the signal receiving end through a coaxial line, and the lower computer of the signal receiving end is connected and communicated with an upper computer of the signal receiving end through a serial port, a parallel port or an Ethernet line.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following technical effects:
the underwater communication system based on the very low frequency magnetoelectric antenna carries out underwater communication by using a method for receiving and transmitting very low frequency electromagnetic waves of the magnetoelectric antenna for the first time, and has the advantages of small volume, low price, no need of alignment and high environmental adaptability compared with other underwater communication methods. The underwater communication system adopts the magnetoelectric antenna with a slender structure as an emitting end, and has the advantages of small demagnetization factor, small required direct current bias, compact natural structure, good directivity and the like;
as a receiving end, due to the sound wave resonance strengthening effect and the magnetic flux gathering effect, the magnetic field detection sensitivity is high, the noise is low, and the detection distance is prolonged.
Meanwhile, the invention adopts a mode of combining the upper computer and the lower computer at the signal transmitting and receiving ends, respectively uses the upper computer to process complex data and the lower computer to process and store simple waveforms, exerts respective advantages and improves the practicability and stability of the system.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a diagram illustrating transmission test results of the magneto-electric antenna according to the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a near-field radiation pattern of the magnetoelectric transmitting antenna of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a diagram of the demodulation test results of the communication system of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a diagram showing the demodulation test results of the communication system of the present invention under different FSK frequency hopping intervals.
Fig. 6 is a diagram of the test results of the underwater communication system of the present invention.
Wherein: 1. the signal transmitting terminal comprises a signal transmitting terminal upper computer, 2, a signal transmitting terminal lower computer, 3, a power amplifier, 4, a very low frequency magnetoelectric transmitting antenna, 5, a signal receiving terminal upper computer, 6, a signal receiving terminal lower computer, 7, a very low frequency magnetoelectric receiving antenna, 8, a piezoelectric material, 9, an electrode plate, 10, a flexible electrode, 11, a magnetostrictive material, 12, an adhesive, 13, a binding post, 14, a PCB board, 15, a permanent magnet material, 16, an SMA interface, 17 and a waterproof shell.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
referring to fig. 1, an underwater communication system based on a very low frequency magnetoelectric antenna is characterized by comprising a signal transmitting end upper computer 1, a signal transmitting end lower computer 2, a power amplifier 3, a very low frequency magnetoelectric transmitting antenna 4, a signal receiving end upper computer 5, a signal receiving end lower computer 6 and a very low frequency magnetoelectric receiving antenna 7; at a signal transmitting end, a signal to be transmitted is received and encoded by a signal transmitting end upper computer 1, the encoded signal is subjected to signal modulation and digital-analog conversion by a signal transmitting end lower computer 2, then is amplified by a power amplifier 3 and finally is transmitted by a very-low-frequency magnetoelectric transmitting antenna 4; at a signal receiving end, after receiving an electromagnetic wave signal, a very low frequency receiving antenna 7 performs analog-to-digital conversion and signal noise reduction by a signal receiving end lower computer 6, and the signal after noise reduction is demodulated and decoded by a signal receiving end upper computer 5 to read signal information.
The structure of the very low frequency magnetoelectric transmitting antenna 4 and the very low frequency receiving antenna 7 comprises a piezoelectric material 8, an electrode plate 9, a flexible electrode 10, a magnetostrictive material 11, an adhesive 12, a binding post 13, a PCB 14, a permanent magnet material 15, an SMA interface 16 and a waterproof shell 17; the piezoelectric material 8 is in a strip rectangular sheet structure, electrode plates 9 are arranged on two opposite surfaces of the piezoelectric material 8 in the thickness direction, and electrodes are led out of the electrode plates through flexible electrodes 10; the magnetostrictive material 11 is in a strip rectangular sheet structure, the length of the magnetostrictive material is longer than that of the piezoelectric material, the piezoelectric material 8 is positioned between the two layers of magnetostrictive materials 11, and the magnetostrictive materials are connected by the adhesive 12 to form the magnetoelectric composite material.
The signal transmitting end upper computer 1 is generally a computer, the development platform comprises LabVIEW, MATLAB, qt and the like, and the realization function comprises a signal receiving module and a signal coding module; the signal receiving module is used for receiving and storing a signal to be transmitted input by a user; and the signal coding module is used for coding a signal to be transmitted into a 01 digital signal and transmitting the digital signal to the lower computer 2 of the signal transmitting end in communication modes such as a serial port and Ethernet.
The signal transmitting end lower computer 2 is generally an FPGA development board, a singlechip, a DSP development board and the like, and realizes functions including a signal modulation module and a digital-to-analog conversion module; the signal modulation module is used for modulating a 01 digital signal sent from the signal transmitting end upper computer 1 into ASK, FSK and PSK digital signals; the digital-to-analog conversion module is used for converting ASK, FSK and PSK digital signals into corresponding analog signals, and the analog signals are sent to the input end of the power amplifier 3.
The power amplifier 3 stabilizes the signal transmitted by the lower computer 2 at the signal transmitting end within the range of very low frequency (3 kHz-30 kHz), and the signal after gain is used for driving the very low frequency magneto-electric transmitting antenna 4 to transmit electromagnetic waves.
The signal receiving end lower computer 6 is generally an oscilloscope, an FPGA development board, a singlechip, a DSP development board and the like, and realizes functions including an analog-to-digital conversion module and a signal noise reduction module; the analog-to-digital conversion module is used for converting an analog signal sent by the very low frequency receiving antenna 7 into a digital signal; the signal noise reduction module is used for filtering and amplifying the original signal and transmitting the original signal to the signal receiving end upper computer 5 through communication modes such as a serial port and Ethernet.
The signal receiving end upper computer 5 is generally a computer, the development platform comprises LabVIEW, MATLAB, qt and the like, and the realization function comprises a signal demodulation module and a signal decoding module; the signal demodulation module is used for demodulating the modulation signal sent by the signal receiving end lower computer 6 into a 01 digital signal; the signal decoding module is used for decoding the 01 digital signal and reading signal information.
The piezoelectric material 8 is a single crystal or polycrystalline ceramic material, and is specifically one of AlN, quartz, liNbO3, baTiO3, znO, pb (Zr, ti) O3, pb (Mg, nb) O3-PbTiO3, pb (Zn, nb) O3-PbTiO3, pb (Ni, nb) O3-Pb (Zr, ti) O3, or BiScO3-PbTiO 3.
The electrode sheet 9 covering the two opposite surfaces of the piezoelectric material 8 in the thickness direction is made of one of Au, ag, al, cu, pt, W, fe, co, ni, and Ti.
The substrate material of the flexible electrode 10 is one of polyethylene glycol terephthalate (PET), polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), polyethylene (PE), polyvinyl chloride (PVC) or polypropylene (PP), and the conductive material in the flexible electrode 10 is one of Au, ag, al, cu, pt or Ni.
The magnetostrictive material 11 is an alloy or an oxide having a magnetostrictive effect or a magnetostrictive composite material formed by compounding them with a polymer. They may be Metglas, tb-Dy-Fe alloy [ Terfenol-D (Tb0.27-0.30Dy0.73-0.70Fe1.90-1.95) ], ni-Fe 2O4, co-Fe 2O4, ni-Mn-Ga alloy (Ni 2 MnGa), etc, or the magnetostrictive composite material formed by compounding the said magnetostrictive material and polymer; the adhesive 12 is a material having high strength, excellent adhesion property, and good stability, and may be an epoxy resin or the like.
The piezoelectric material 8 is in a strip rectangular thin sheet structure; the electrode plate 9 is in a long rectangular sheet structure, and the size of the electrode plate is matched with that of the piezoelectric material 8; the flexible electrode 10 is in a strip rectangular sheet structure, has a small size and can just lead out an electrode; the magnetostrictive material 11 is in the form of a long rectangular sheet with a length much longer than the length of the piezoelectric material 8.
The length of the strip rectangular thin sheet structure of the piezoelectric material 8 is 10-30mm, the width is 2-4mm, the thickness is 0.1-0.5mm, and the polarization direction is the thickness direction; the length of the elongated rectangular sheet structure of the magnetostrictive material 11 is 90-110mm, the width is 2-4mm, and the thickness is 0.1-0.5mm.
The outer parts of the two flexible electrodes 10 are respectively fixed on two binding posts 13, and the bottom ends of the two binding posts are respectively connected with a conducting wire and a copper layer of a PCB 14 and communicated with an SMA interface 16.
The permanent magnet material 15 is one of a nickel-cobalt permanent magnet alloy, an iron-chromium-cobalt permanent magnet alloy, a permanent magnetic ferrite or a rare earth permanent magnet material.
The waterproof case 17 is made of a waterproof material such as resin, nylon, or plastic.
A manufacturing method of an underwater communication system based on a very low frequency magnetoelectric antenna comprises the following steps:
step 1, providing a piezoelectric material 8, processing the piezoelectric material into a required size and shape, and ultrasonically cleaning the piezoelectric material by using ultrapure water;
step 2, plating electrodes 9 on the upper end and the lower end of the surface of the piezoelectric material 8 in a silver paste annealing, evaporation or magnetron sputtering mode;
step 3, polarizing the piezoelectric material 8 in the thickness direction after electrodes are manufactured;
step 4, attaching two flexible electrodes 10 to two end faces of the piezoelectric material 8 for conducting electric signals;
step 5, providing a magnetostrictive material 11, processing the magnetostrictive material into a required size and shape, and cleaning the magnetostrictive material with alcohol;
step 6, adhering the piezoelectric material 8 adhered with the flexible electrode 10 between two layers of magnetostrictive materials 11 by using an adhesive 12, wherein the piezoelectric material 8 is positioned in the center of the magnetostrictive materials 11 in the length direction;
step 7, connecting the binding post 13 and the SMA interface 16 to a PCB 14 of the existing circuit by tin soldering;
step 8, leading-out ends of two flexible electrodes 10 of the magnetoelectric composite material are respectively fixed on two binding posts 13, and two permanent magnet materials 15 are fixed at two ends of the magnetoelectric composite material by glue, so that the direction of a magnetic field is along the axial direction of the magnetoelectric composite material;
step 9, fixing the PCB 14 on the main shell of the waterproof shell 17, adhering the shell by using a waterproof adhesive, and blocking the gap to obtain the very low frequency magnetoelectric antenna;
step 10, repeating steps 1-9 to obtain a second very low frequency magnetoelectric antenna, wherein the two very low frequency magnetoelectric antennas are respectively used as a very low frequency magnetoelectric transmitting antenna 4 and a very low frequency magnetoelectric receiving antenna 7;
and step 11, at the signal transmitting end, the signal transmitting end upper computer 1 is connected and communicated with the signal transmitting end lower computer 2 through a serial port, a parallel port, an Ethernet wire and the like, the output end of the signal transmitting end lower computer 2 is connected with the input end of the power amplifier 3 through a coaxial wire, and the output end of the power amplifier 3 is connected with an SMA interface 16 of the very-low-frequency magnetoelectric transmitting antenna 4 through the coaxial wire.
And step 12, at the signal receiving end, the SMA interface 16 of the very low frequency magnetoelectric receiving antenna 7 is connected with the signal receiving end lower computer 6 through a coaxial line, and the signal receiving end lower computer 6 is connected and communicated with the signal receiving end upper computer 5 through a serial port, a parallel port, an Ethernet line and the like.
Fig. 2 is a transmission test result diagram of the magnetoelectric antenna of the present invention: a, frequency response of the magnetoelectric receiving antenna at a position 0.5m away from the magnetoelectric transmitting antenna; b, when the driving power of the transmitting end is about 62mW, under the two conditions of air and underwater, the relationship between the induction voltage and the transmission distance of the magneto-electricity receiving antenna.
Fig. 3 is a near-field radiation pattern of the magnetoelectric transmitting antenna of the present invention: a X-Y plane pole figure; b, X-Z plane pole figure; cY-Z plane pole figure.
Fig. 4 is a diagram of a modulation-demodulation test result of the magnetoelectric transmitting antenna of the present invention: a ASK modulation of the magnetoelectric antenna measured at modulation rates of 20Hz and 60 Hz: the (upper) modulation signal, ASK signal directly output by (middle) magnetoelectric receiving antenna, and (lower) signal obtained by using Hilbert conversion demodulation; b peak-to-peak value of the demodulated voltage signal under different ASK modulation rates; c FSK modulation of magneto-electric antenna measured at modulation rates of 40Hz and 120 Hz: modulating signals (upper part), FSK signals directly output by (middle) magnetoelectric receiving antennas, and signals obtained by using Hilbert conversion demodulation (lower part); d peak-to-peak value of the demodulated frequency signal at different FSK modulation rates.
Fig. 5 shows the peak-to-peak values of the demodulated frequency signals at different FSK hopping intervals.
FIG. 6 is a diagram of the test results of the underwater communication system of the present invention: a real object diagram of an underwater communication system test based on a very low frequency magnetoelectric antenna; b the demodulation result of the system in the case of a modulation rate of 50Hz (up) the demodulation result in the case of the transmission of ASK signals, and (down) the demodulation result in the case of the transmission of FSK signals.
The above examples of the present invention are merely illustrative of the present invention and are not intended to limit the embodiments of the present invention. Variations and modifications in other variations will occur to those skilled in the art upon reading the foregoing description. It is not exhaustive here for all embodiments. All obvious changes and modifications of the present invention are within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (1)

1. A manufacturing method of an underwater communication system based on a very low frequency magnetoelectric antenna is characterized in that the underwater communication system based on the very low frequency magnetoelectric antenna comprises the following steps:
the system comprises a signal transmitting end upper computer (1), a signal transmitting end lower computer (2), a power amplifier (3), a very low frequency magnetoelectric transmitting antenna (4), a signal receiving end upper computer (5), a signal receiving end lower computer (6) and a very low frequency magnetoelectric receiving antenna (7); at a signal transmitting end, a transmitting signal is received and encoded by a signal transmitting end upper computer (1), the encoded signal is subjected to signal modulation and digital-to-analog conversion by a signal transmitting end lower computer (2), then is amplified by a power amplifier (3), and finally is transmitted by a very-low-frequency magnetoelectric transmitting antenna (4); at a signal receiving end, after a very low frequency receiving antenna (7) receives an electromagnetic wave signal, a lower computer (6) of the signal receiving end performs analog-to-digital conversion and signal noise reduction, and the signal after noise reduction is demodulated and decoded by an upper computer (5) of the signal receiving end to read signal information;
the very low frequency magnetoelectric transmitting antenna (4) has the same structure as the very low frequency receiving antenna (7), and comprises a waterproof shell (17), a piezoelectric module, a magnetostrictive module and a PCB (14); the piezoelectric module, the magnetostrictive modules and the PCB (14) are all arranged in the waterproof shell (17), the piezoelectric module and the magnetostrictive modules are arranged above the PCB (14), and the two magnetostrictive modules are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the piezoelectric module respectively;
the piezoelectric module comprises a piezoelectric material (8), an electrode plate (9) and a flexible electrode (10); the piezoelectric material (8) is of a strip rectangular sheet structure, electrode plates (9) are arranged on two opposite surfaces of the piezoelectric material (8) in the thickness direction, and electrodes are led out of the electrode plates through flexible electrodes (10); the magnetostrictive module comprises magnetostrictive materials (11), piezoelectric materials (8) and adhesives (12), wherein the magnetostrictive materials (11) are of a long rectangular sheet structure, the length of the magnetostrictive materials is longer than that of the piezoelectric materials, and the piezoelectric materials (8) are positioned between the two layers of magnetostrictive materials (11) and connected through the adhesives (12);
the outer parts of the two flexible electrodes (10) are respectively fixed on two binding posts (13), and the bottom ends of the two binding posts are respectively connected with a lead and a copper layer of a PCB (14); SMA interfaces (16) are respectively arranged at two ends of the PCB (14);
the side face of the magnetostrictive module is provided with a permanent magnet material (15), and the permanent magnet material (15) is one of nickel-cobalt permanent magnet alloy, iron-chromium-cobalt permanent magnet alloy, permanent magnetic ferrite or rare earth permanent magnet material;
the signal transmitting end upper computer (1) is a computer and comprises a signal receiving module and a signal coding module; the signal receiving module is used for receiving and storing a signal to be transmitted input by a user; the signal coding module is used for coding a signal to be sent into a 01 digital signal and transmitting the digital signal to the lower computer (2) of the signal transmitting end in a serial port and Ethernet communication mode; the signal transmitting end lower computer (2) is an FPGA development board, a singlechip or a DSP development board and comprises a signal modulation module and a digital-to-analog conversion module; the signal modulation module is used for modulating a 01 digital signal sent from the signal transmitting end upper computer (1) into ASK, FSK and PSK digital signals; the digital-to-analog conversion module is used for converting ASK, FSK and PSK digital signals into corresponding analog signals, and the analog signals are sent to the input end of the power amplifier (3);
the signal receiving end lower computer (6) is an oscilloscope, an FPGA development board, a singlechip or a DSP development board and comprises an analog-to-digital conversion module and a signal noise reduction module; the analog-to-digital conversion module is used for converting an analog signal sent by the very low frequency receiving antenna (7) into a digital signal; the signal noise reduction module is used for filtering and amplifying the original signal and transmitting the original signal to a signal receiving end upper computer (5) in a serial port and Ethernet communication mode; the signal receiving end upper computer (5) is a computer and comprises a signal demodulation module and a signal decoding module; the signal demodulation module is used for demodulating the modulation signal sent by the signal receiving end lower computer (6) into a 01 digital signal; the signal decoding module is used for decoding the 01 digital signal and reading signal information;
the piezoelectric material (8) is AlN, quartz or LiNbO 3 、BaTiO 3 、ZnO、Pb(Zr,Ti)O 3 、Pb(Mg,Nb)O 3 -PbTiO 3 、Pb(Zn,Nb)O 3 -PbTiO 3 、Pb(Ni,Nb)O3-Pb(Zr,Ti)O 3 Or BiScO 3 -PbTiO 3 One of (a) and (b);
the electrode plates (9) which cover two opposite surfaces in the thickness direction of the piezoelectric material (8) are made of one of Au, ag, al, cu, pt, W, fe, co, ni or Ti;
the substrate material of the flexible electrode (10) isOne of polyethylene glycol terephthalate (PET), polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), polyethylene (PE), polyvinyl chloride (PVC) or polypropylene (PP), and the conductive material in the flexible electrode (10) is one of Au, ag, al, cu, pt or Ni; the magnetostrictive material (11) is Metglas, tb-Dy-Fe alloy [ Terfenol-D (Tb0.27-0.30Dy0.73-0.70Fe1.90-1.95)]Nickel iron oxide (NiFe) 2 O 4 ) Cobalt iron oxide (CoFe) 2 O 4 ) Nickel manganese gallium alloy (Ni 2 MnGa), or a magnetostrictive composite material formed by compounding the magnetostrictive material with a polymer;
the length of the strip rectangular sheet structure of the piezoelectric material (8) is 10-30mm, the width is 2-4mm, the thickness is 0.1-0.5mm, and the polarization direction is the thickness direction; the length of the long strip rectangular sheet structure of the magnetostrictive material (11) is 90-110mm, the width is 2-4mm, and the thickness is 0.1-0.5 mm;
the method comprises the following steps:
step 1, providing a piezoelectric material (8), processing the piezoelectric material into a required size and shape, and ultrasonically cleaning the piezoelectric material by using ultrapure water;
step 2, plating electrodes (9) on the upper end and the lower end of the surface of the piezoelectric material (8) in a silver paste annealing, evaporation or magnetron sputtering mode;
step 3, polarizing the piezoelectric material (8) in the thickness direction after the electrode is manufactured;
step 4, two flexible electrodes (10) are attached to two end faces of the piezoelectric material (8) and used for conducting electric signals;
step 5, providing a magnetostrictive material (11), processing the magnetostrictive material into a required size and a required shape, and cleaning the magnetostrictive material with alcohol;
step 6, adhering the piezoelectric material (8) adhered with the flexible electrode (10) between two layers of magnetostrictive materials (11) by using an adhesive (12), wherein the piezoelectric material (8) is positioned at the center of the magnetostrictive materials (11) in the length direction;
step 7, connecting the binding post (13) and the SMA interface (16) on a PCB (14) of the existing circuit by tin soldering;
step 8, leading-out ends of two flexible electrodes (10) of the magnetoelectric composite material are respectively fixed on two binding posts (13), and two permanent magnet materials (15) are fixed at two ends of the magnetoelectric composite material by glue, so that the direction of a magnetic field is along the axial direction of the magnetoelectric composite material;
step 9, fixing the PCB (14) on the main shell of the waterproof shell (17), sticking the shell by using a waterproof adhesive, and blocking the gap to manufacture the very low frequency magnetoelectric antenna;
step 10, repeating the steps 1-9 to manufacture a second very low frequency magnetoelectric antenna, wherein the two very low frequency magnetoelectric antennas are respectively used as a very low frequency magnetoelectric transmitting antenna (4) and a very low frequency magnetoelectric receiving antenna (7);
step 11, at a signal transmitting end, a signal transmitting end upper computer (1) is connected and communicated with a signal transmitting end lower computer (2) through a serial port, a parallel port or an Ethernet wire, the output end of the signal transmitting end lower computer (2) is connected with the input end of a power amplifier (3) through a coaxial wire, and the output end of the power amplifier (3) is connected with an SMA interface (16) of a very-low-frequency magnetoelectric transmitting antenna (4) through the coaxial wire;
and step 12, at the signal receiving end, an SMA interface (16) of the very-low-frequency magnetoelectric receiving antenna (7) is connected with a signal receiving end lower computer (6) through a coaxial line, and the signal receiving end lower computer (6) is connected and communicated with a signal receiving end upper computer (5) through a serial port, a parallel port or an Ethernet line.
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