CN113937791B - Photovoltaic power station transient model suitable for broadband oscillation analysis of large power grid - Google Patents
Photovoltaic power station transient model suitable for broadband oscillation analysis of large power grid Download PDFInfo
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- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 230000001052 transient effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000011217 control strategy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/24—Arrangements for preventing or reducing oscillations of power in networks
- H02J3/241—The oscillation concerning frequency
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
- H02J3/381—Dispersed generators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
- H02J3/46—Controlling of the sharing of output between the generators, converters, or transformers
- H02J3/48—Controlling the sharing of the in-phase component
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
- H02J3/46—Controlling of the sharing of output between the generators, converters, or transformers
- H02J3/50—Controlling the sharing of the out-of-phase component
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
- H02J2203/20—Simulating, e g planning, reliability check, modelling or computer assisted design [CAD]
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
- H02J2300/20—The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
- H02J2300/22—The renewable source being solar energy
- H02J2300/24—The renewable source being solar energy of photovoltaic origin
- H02J2300/26—The renewable source being solar energy of photovoltaic origin involving maximum power point tracking control for photovoltaic sources
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Inverter Devices (AREA)
- Control Of Electrical Variables (AREA)
- Supply And Distribution Of Alternating Current (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a photovoltaic power station transient model suitable for broadband oscillation analysis of a large power grid. The model is based on broadband oscillation mechanism analysis of a photovoltaic grid-connected system, dominant influence factors of a broadband oscillation mode are obtained, secondary factors which are irrelevant or weakly relevant to the broadband oscillation mode are ignored, and a photovoltaic power station transient model suitable for broadband oscillation analysis of a large power grid is built by reasonably simplifying the full electromagnetic transient model. The model simplifies the high-frequency dynamic process of the power electronic switch in the photovoltaic power generation system, fully considers dominant influence links and parameters of a wide-frequency oscillation section of the power system for description, improves model convergence and calculation efficiency, ensures model accuracy, and greatly reduces the oscillation problem generated by factor value calculation, so that the model is suitable for wide-frequency oscillation simulation analysis of a large power grid.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of simulation and analysis of power systems, and particularly relates to a photovoltaic power station transient model suitable for broadband oscillation analysis of a large power grid.
Background
Photovoltaic power generation is one of the main forms of new energy power generation, and the development scale in an electric power system is larger and larger, and the proportion of the photovoltaic power generation is higher and higher. With the grid-connected operation of large-scale photovoltaic power generation, under certain conditions, a photovoltaic power station grid-connected system has a divergent broadband oscillation mode, and a serious challenge is brought to the stable operation of the power system. By establishing an accurate broadband oscillation model of the photovoltaic power station, the broadband oscillation problem of the large-scale photovoltaic grid-connected power system is simulated and analyzed, a reasonable solution can be further provided, and corresponding measures and feasibility and effectiveness of verification measures are formulated.
The accuracy of the photovoltaic power station simulation model is the basis of whether the system broadband oscillation mode can be accurately obtained. The conventional electromechanical transient model of the power system is difficult to adapt to the simulation requirements, so that the existing simulation models all adopt finer full-electromagnetic transient models. However, the application of the fine full-electromagnetic transient model to the actual large power grid has poor convergence, low calculation efficiency and extremely difficult operation mode adjustment, and even a broadband oscillation mode is generated by unstable interaction of a photovoltaic grid-connected system and numerical calculation, so that the authenticity of the obtained conclusion is difficult to judge. The model can only be applied to a smaller and equivalent simplified power system, and is used for researching the mechanism problem generated by broadband oscillation.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the problems, the invention provides a photovoltaic power station transient model suitable for broadband oscillation analysis of a large power grid. The model is based on broadband oscillation mechanism analysis of a photovoltaic grid-connected system, dominant influence factors of a broadband oscillation mode are obtained, secondary factors which are irrelevant or weakly relevant to the broadband oscillation mode are ignored, and a photovoltaic power station transient model suitable for broadband oscillation analysis of a large power grid is built by reasonably simplifying the full electromagnetic transient model. The model simplifies the high-frequency dynamic process of the power electronic switch in the photovoltaic power generation system, fully considers dominant influence links and parameters of a wide-frequency oscillation section of the power system for description, improves model convergence and calculation efficiency, ensures model accuracy, and greatly reduces the oscillation problem generated by factor value calculation, so that the model is suitable for wide-frequency oscillation simulation analysis of a large power grid.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the photovoltaic power station transient model comprises a photovoltaic power generation unit part, an inverter, a filter circuit part and an inverter control part, wherein the photovoltaic power generation unit part comprises a photovoltaic cell array, maximum power tracking control (MPPT) and a direct current boost chopper circuit; the inverter control section includes an active power control model, a reactive power control model, and a phase-locked loop model. The photovoltaic power generation unit part converts solar irradiation energy into a voltage and current signal, and controls the output direct-current voltage through maximum power tracking control to realize maximum power output under certain illumination (temperature) conditions; the inverter and the filter circuit are used for converting direct current into sinusoidal alternating current through a Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) technology; the inverter control part controls the active current of the inverter to realize the control output of active power, and controls the reactive current of the inverter to realize the control output of reactive power. The photovoltaic power generation unit model is simulated by a power-voltage (P-U) characteristic curve; the dynamic process of a power electronic switch controlled by a pulse width modulation technology (PWM) in a photovoltaic inverter and a direct current booster circuit is ignored in the inverter and filter model, and the topological structure of the filter and parameters thereof are reserved.
The key steps of the method are as follows:
(1) The power characteristics of a photovoltaic cell array, maximum power tracking control (MPPT) and a direct current boost chopper circuit output part in a photovoltaic power generation unit part are simulated by using a power-voltage characteristic curve, and the curve can be provided by a photovoltaic power station or can be fitted through actual measurement. In the calculation process, the power under a certain illumination (temperature) condition can be directly input to obtain the corresponding direct-current capacitor voltage according to the arrangement of the operation mode.
(2) In the inverter and filter part, the dynamic process of the power electronic switch controlled by PWM (pulse width modulation) in the photovoltaic inverter and the direct current booster circuit is ignored, the output and control instructions of the photovoltaic inverter, the direct current booster circuit and the filter circuit are considered to be consistent, and the topological structure and parameters of the filter are reserved.
(3) The inverter control model mainly adopts double-loop control, namely power outer loop control and current inner loop control; the vector control of the inner loop current adopts a vector decoupling control strategy, the reference value of the inner loop current control is given by the power outer loop control, and the controlled current component is obtained by measuring three-phase current after a filter; the power outer loop control part comprises an active power control part and a reactive power control part; under normal operation, the active power control part mainly controls the direct-current capacitor voltage to track the MPPT output voltage, and the reactive power control part can adopt a reactive power control mode or a power factor control mode.
(4) In the inverter control part, the time constant of the voltage/current measurement links and the proportional parameters and integral parameters of each control link are dominant factors influencing the broadband oscillation of the photovoltaic power station; the dynamic process of the high-frequency power electronic switch in the inverter circuit is a secondary factor influencing weak correlation of broadband oscillation; the power conversion model of the photovoltaic power generation unit is a factor unrelated to broadband oscillation.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
compared with the prior art, the invention provides a photovoltaic power station transient model suitable for broadband oscillation analysis of a large power grid. The method simplifies the high-frequency dynamic process of the power electronic switch in the photovoltaic power generation system, fully considers dominant influence links and parameters of a wide-frequency oscillation section of the power system for description, improves model convergence and calculation efficiency, ensures model accuracy, and greatly reduces the oscillation problem generated by factor value calculation, thereby being applicable to wide-frequency oscillation simulation analysis of a large power grid and having important engineering practical value.
Drawings
Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a transient model of a photovoltaic plant
FIG. 2 photovoltaic power generation unit output P-U characteristic fitting curve
Fig. 3 ignores the photovoltaic inverter model of the power electronic switch high frequency dynamic process
Fig. 4 is a control block diagram of a photovoltaic inverter taking into account a measured time constant
Fig. 5 photovoltaic inverter phase locked loop control model.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described in detail below with reference to the overall structure diagram of the transient model of the photovoltaic power station of fig. 1: the photovoltaic power station transient model comprises a photovoltaic power generation unit part, an inverter, a filter circuit part and an inverter control part, wherein the photovoltaic power generation unit part comprises a photovoltaic cell array, maximum power tracking control (MPPT) and a direct current boost chopper circuit; the inverter control section includes an active power control model, a reactive power control model, and a phase-locked loop model.
Rule 1: the power characteristics of the photovoltaic power generation unit part photovoltaic cell array, maximum power tracking control (MPPT) and direct current boost chopper circuit are simulated by a power-voltage curve (figure 2), wherein the curve can be provided by a photovoltaic power station or can be fitted through actual measurement. In the calculation process, the direct input power can be arranged according to the operation mode, and the corresponding direct-current capacitor voltage and current can be obtained. The output power and current fitting function is expressed by the following formula:
rule 2: in the inverter and filter model, the dynamic process of the power electronic switch controlled by the Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) in the photovoltaic inverter and the dc boost circuit is ignored, the output and control instructions of the photovoltaic inverter and the dc boost circuit and the filter circuit thereof are considered to be consistent, and the topology structure of the filter and the parameters thereof are reserved (fig. 3).
Rule 3: the inverter control mainly adopts double-loop control (fig. 4, the upper marks in the diagram are measurement parameters), namely power outer loop control and current inner loop control; the vector control of the inner loop current adopts a vector decoupling control strategy, the reference value of the inner loop current control is given by the power outer loop control, the controlled current component is obtained by measuring three-phase current after a filter, and the phase angle is obtained by three-phase voltage phase-locked loop control (figure 5); the power outer loop control part comprises an active power control part and a reactive power control part; under normal operation, the active power control part mainly controls the direct-current capacitor voltage to track the MPPT output voltage, and the reactive power control part can adopt a reactive power control mode or a power factor control mode.
Rule 4: in the inverter control part, the time constant of the voltage/current measurement links and the proportional parameters and integral parameters of each control link are dominant factors influencing the broadband oscillation of the photovoltaic power station; the dynamic process of the high-frequency power electronic switch in the inverter circuit is a secondary factor influencing weak correlation of broadband oscillation; the power conversion model of the photovoltaic power generation unit is a factor unrelated to broadband oscillation.
It should be noted that the present disclosure and the specific embodiments are intended to express the modeling idea of the present method, and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present disclosure. Various modifications, equivalent alterations, or improvements will occur to those skilled in the art, based upon the spirit and principles of the present invention. Such variations and modifications are intended to be within the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (2)
1. The model is based on broadband oscillation mechanism analysis of a photovoltaic grid-connected system, obtains dominant influence factors of a broadband oscillation mode, ignores secondary factors which are irrelevant or weakly relevant to the broadband oscillation mode, reasonably simplifies the full-electromagnetic transient model, and further establishes the photovoltaic power station transient model applicable to broadband oscillation analysis of the large power grid;
the photovoltaic power station transient model comprises a photovoltaic power generation unit part, an inverter, a filter circuit part and an inverter control part, wherein the photovoltaic power generation unit part comprises a photovoltaic cell array, a maximum power tracking control (MPPT) and a direct current boost chopper circuit; the inverter control part comprises an active power control model, a reactive power control model and a phase-locked loop model; the photovoltaic power generation unit part converts solar irradiation energy into a voltage and current signal, and controls the output direct-current voltage through maximum power tracking control to realize maximum power output under certain illumination conditions; the inverter and the filter circuit convert direct current into sinusoidal alternating current through a Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) technology; the inverter control part controls the inverter active current to realize the control output active power, and controls the inverter reactive current to realize the control output reactive power;
in the inverter and filter part, ignoring the dynamic process of the power electronic switch controlled by the PWM technology in the photovoltaic inverter and the DC booster circuit, considering that the output and control instructions of the photovoltaic inverter, the DC booster circuit and the filter circuit are consistent, and reserving the topological structure and parameters of the filter; the high-frequency dynamic process of the power electronic switch in the topological circuit of the inverter is a secondary factor which affects the weak correlation of broadband oscillation of the photovoltaic power station; the measurement time constant, the proportional parameter and the integral parameter of the voltage/current in the inverter control part are dominant factors influencing the broadband oscillation of the photovoltaic power station; the power conversion model of the photovoltaic power generation unit is a factor unrelated to broadband oscillation.
2. The photovoltaic power plant transient model of claim 1, wherein the photovoltaic cell array, the maximum power tracking control MPPT, the dc boost chopper circuit in the photovoltaic power generation unit section are modeled with a P-U characteristic curve provided by the photovoltaic power plant or fitted by actual measurements.
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