CN113935593A - Method for calculating matching degree of urban rail transit transport capacity and passenger flow demand - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for calculating matching degree of urban rail transit transport capacity and passenger flow demand, 1) constructing an evaluation framework of supply and demand matching of an urban rail transit system, wherein the evaluation framework comprises three layers of a line, a transfer station and a network, and each layer comprises evaluation indexes of quantity matching, structure matching and quality matching; 2) acquiring the section passenger capacity of all trains on all lines, the section length of all lines, the train grouping number of all lines, the number of vehicle members on each line, the transfer passenger flow in different directions of all transfer stations and the train operation plan of each line on the whole network; 3) calculating the quantitative index values of all levels, and normalizing the calculation result; 4) and solving the comprehensive matching degree of the normalized result so as to evaluate the supply and demand matching of the urban rail transit system. Compared with the prior art, the method has the advantages of quantitative and accurate evaluation, accurate data reference for compiling the operation plan of the urban rail transit train and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of analysis of matching degree of transportation performance, in particular to a method for calculating matching degree of transportation capacity and passenger flow demand of urban rail transit.
Background
With the continuous acceleration of the urbanization process, the dramatic increase of urban population brings a great amount of travel demands, and urban rail transit with the characteristics of large traffic volume, high efficiency, safety and environmental protection becomes the primary choice for constructing public transport infrastructures in numerous large and medium-sized cities. Under the condition that the topological structure and the infrastructure equipment of the urban rail transit network are determined, whether the transport capacity and the efficiency of the urban rail transit system can be fully exerted depends on the level of the planning quality of the train operation plan to a great extent. In order to measure the implementation effect of the train operation organization scheme, the matching degree of the determined transport capacity and the passenger flow demand needs to be evaluated.
Under the rail transit networked operation condition, because the passenger flow demand distribution presents the difference of space-time dimensions, an ideal and accurate evaluation result is difficult to obtain by a method of comparing the relation between the demand and the capacity only by means of macroscopic total amount. The prior art mainly has the following defects:
first, some researches are only directed at the performance of a certain aspect of an urban rail transit system, such as passenger flow change characteristics, passenger service quality, transportation supply level and the like, and the combination of multiple influence factors of matching is insufficient, so that completeness and integrity are lacked.
Secondly, most evaluation indexes of the existing research adopt static values or average values, and the characteristics of multi-dimensionality and space-time imbalance of passenger flow load are ignored, so that the decision support of an analysis result on daily operation is limited.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a method for calculating the matching degree of the urban rail transit transportation capacity and the passenger flow demand.
The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme:
a method for calculating matching degree of urban rail transit transport capacity and passenger flow demand comprises the following steps:
s1: an evaluation framework of the supply and demand matching of the urban rail transit system is constructed, the framework relates to three levels of lines, transfer stations and networks, and each level comprises evaluation indexes of three elements of quantity matching, structure matching and quality matching.
S2: the method comprises the steps of obtaining the section passenger capacity of all trains on all lines, the section length of all lines, the train grouping number of all lines, the number of the vehicle members on each line, the transfer passenger flow in the direction of all transfer stations and the train operation plan of each line on the whole network.
S3: and respectively calculating quantitative index values of all levels in the evaluation index system, namely the number matching degree, the structure matching degree and the quality matching degree, and performing normalization processing on the calculation result.
S4: and calculating the comprehensive matching degree of the result after the normalization processing by using a multiplication synthesis method so as to perform overall evaluation on the supply and demand matching of the urban rail transit system.
Further, in S1, the definitions of the quantity matching, the structure matching and the quality matching in the evaluation framework of the supply and demand matching of the urban rail transit system and the evaluation objects of the three levels of the route, the transfer station and the network are as follows:
(1) the quantity matching is the degree of adaptability of the transportation energy supply quantity and the passenger flow demand quantity of the urban rail transit system on the numerical total quantity, reflects the quality of the matching state of the supply and the demand of the system from the macroscopic view, and is the primary condition for measuring the matching of the transportation energy supply and the demand.
The number matching of the line level is represented by the ratio of the line passenger flow demand to the transport capacity, namely the transport capacity utilization degree of the whole line, and because the passenger capacity of each train in each interval is different, the interval running distance is taken as the weight, and the average utilization rate of the transport capacity of the whole line is represented by a weighted average value;
the quantity matching of the transfer station level is expressed by the ratio of the passenger flow demand of the transfer station to the transport capacity, namely the utilization degree of the transport capacity of the whole transfer station, the passenger flow demand in each direction of the line of the transfer station is the sum of the station entering passenger flow and the station transferring passenger flow in the direction, the actual transport capacity supply in each direction of the line of the transfer station depends on the service capacity provided by the train arriving at the station in each direction, namely the residual passenger carrying capacity after the train arrives at the transfer station and gets off the train;
the quantity matching of the network layer is expressed by the ratio of the network passenger flow demand to the transport capacity, namely the transport capacity utilization degree of the whole network, and the passenger flow demand is expressed as the section passenger flow of each interval, namely the sum of the train passenger loads passing through each interval in the research period; the transport capacity is reflected as the transport capacity of the section, the product of the number of trains passing through the interval and the rated passenger carrying capacity of the trains in the research period is researched, the interval running distance is also used as a weight, and the average utilization rate of the overall transport capacity of the network is represented by a weighted average value.
(2) The structural matching is the coincidence degree of the space-time distribution of the rail transit transport capacity configuration and the space-time distribution of the passenger flow demand, and reflects the supply and demand matching state of each component unit in the urban rail transit system from a microscopic angle.
The structural matching of the line level is expressed as the matching relation of the transport capacity and the transport capacity of each train in each interval, can be described by the distribution balance degree of the full load rate of the trains, and is expressed by the distribution entropy of the full load rate;
the structural matching of the transfer station level is measured by the balance degree of the utilization of the capacity in each direction, and the standard deviation rate can be directly adopted to represent the balance of the utilization of the capacity in each direction of the transfer station;
the structure matching performance of the network layer is expressed as the balance degree of passenger flow load of each interval of the network, and the distribution entropy calculation of the average full load rate of each section can be carried out.
(3) Quality matching refers to the proximity between the quality of service provided by the rail transit system and the level of service desired by the passenger.
The quality matching of the line level is described by the train congestion degree, the quality matching can be represented by the proportion of high-load train units in a research period, the train load is judged by the train full load rate, and the higher the load is, the more crowded the train is;
the quality matching of the transfer station level is described by adopting the station platform crowding degree, the ratio of the number of the station platform gathered passenger flow to the design capacity of the station platform can be used as a quantitative index of the station platform load, and the crowding degree of the station platform space is reflected;
the quality matching of the network layer can be described by the passenger flow crowding degree of the section, namely the proportion of the high-load section, the section load is the macroscopic expression of continuous train load of multiple times through the section, and the evaluation is carried out through the average full load rate of the section.
Further, in step S3, the method for calculating each index value at the line level includes:
(1) calculating the quantity matching degree:
i. the calculation formula of the average capacity utilization rate of the line m is as follows:
in the formula: i is station index, i belongs to {1, 2., N }, and N is station number; k is a train index, K belongs to {1, 2.., K }, and K is the number of trains; m is a line index, m belongs to {1, 2.., V }, and V is the number of lines; u shapemRepresenting the average capacity utilization of the line m;
the passenger capacity of the train k on the line m in the section (i, i + 1);
the length of the section (i, i +1) of line m; b ismMarshalling a train for line m; cmDetermining a member for the vehicle of the route m;
the binary variable indicates whether the train k on the line m passes through the section (i, i +1), the pass is 1, and otherwise, the pass is 0.
Number matching degree MS of line mmCalculating the formula:
MSm＝|Um-1|
(2) and (3) calculating the structure matching degree:
i. the calculation formula of the train full load rate is as follows:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
the load factor of the train k on the route m in the section (i, i +1) is shown.
Calculating the equilibrium degree of the distribution of the full load rate of the interval and a formula:
step 1: and dividing the train into R grades, namely 1,2, R according to the value range of the train full load rate.
Step 2: counting the number n of the train full load rate units belonging to the class rr，r＝1,2,...,R。
And step 3: calculating the occurrence probability P of the full load rate of the train as the grade rrThe calculation formula is as follows:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
represents the sum of the section units passed by all trains.
And 4, step 4: calculating the full load rate distribution entropy of the line m, namely the structure matching degree MJ of the line mmThe calculation formula is as follows:
(3) calculating the quality matching degree:
i. the calculation formula of the train crowding degree is as follows:
in the formula, MZmRepresenting the proportion of high load units in the research period, namely the crowdedness of the line m, as the quality matching degree;
as a function of the determination of the congestion status of the train, when the train k on the route m is fully loaded in the section (i, i +1)When the rate is more than 1, the train is considered to be crowded,
get 1, otherwise
Take 0. The expression is as follows:
further, in step S3, the method for calculating the index values at the transfer station level includes:
(1) calculating the quantity matching degree:
i. the passenger flow demand calculation formula is as follows:
in the formula, J is a line direction index passing through the transfer station, J belongs to {1, 2.. eta., J }, and J is the number of line directions passing through the transfer station; djThe passenger flow demand in the line direction j; i isjThe inbound passenger flow in the direction j; t isj′→jIs the transfer traffic from direction j' to direction j.
Calculation formula of actual transport capacity supply amount:
in the formula, SjPassenger flow supply for the line direction j; n is a radical ofjThe total number of trains passing in the direction j in the study period; alpha is alphamaxThe maximum passenger carrying rate of the train is obtained; qjThe cross section passenger flow in the previous section of the transfer station in the direction j; o isjThe number of outbound passenger flows in direction j,
the number of people in the direction j to exchange for the passenger flow.
A calculation formula of the utilization rate of the overall transport capacity of the transfer station:
a calculation formula of the transfer station number matching degree MS:
MS＝|U-1|
(2) and (3) calculating the structure matching degree:
i. the calculation formula of the capacity utilization rate of the direction j is as follows:
Uj＝Dj/Sj
the balance of capability utilization among all directions of the transfer station, namely the structural matching degree MJ of the transfer station, is calculated by the formula:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
the average capacity utilization rate of each direction of the transfer station is expressed by the expression:
(3) calculating the quality matching degree:
i. the calculation formula of the platform average load is as follows:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
the platform passenger flow load in the direction j of the transfer station in the time t;
the total number of trains passing in the direction j within the time t;
design distribution capability for directional j stations; zj,tThe passenger flow collecting and distributing volume of the platform in the direction j in the time t, the platform collecting and distributing passenger flow volume is the sum of the number of the collected passenger flow people and the number of the evacuated passenger flow people in the direction in the time period t, and comprises the station entering passenger flow volume, the station exiting passenger flow volume, the station switching-in passenger flow volume and the station switching-out passenger flow volume in the direction, and the expression is as follows:
in the formula Ij,tThe inbound passenger flow in the direction j of the transfer station within the time t, Oj,tThe outbound passenger flow in the direction j of the transfer station within the time t.
For the transfer station in time t the volume of incoming passengers from direction j' to direction j,
the volume of passengers exchanged from direction j to direction j' at the transfer station in time t.
The calculation formula of the transfer station quality matching degree MZ:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
as a function of the determination of the station congestion, the station congestion is determined when the average loading of the station in the direction j of the transfer station is greater than 0.53 within the time t, and the station is determined to be congested
Get 1, otherwise
Take 0. The expression is as follows:
further, in step S3, the method for calculating each evaluation index value in the network layer includes:
(1) calculating the quantity matching degree:
i. the calculation formula of the average utilization rate of the network transport capacity is as follows:
in the formula, U represents the average capacity utilization rate of the urban rail transit network transport capacity.
A calculation formula of the network number matching degree MS:
MS＝|U-1|
(2) and (3) calculating the structure matching degree:
i. the calculation formula of the interval full load rate is as follows:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
average loading rate of section (i, i +1) of route m,
representing the total number of trains in the interval (i, i +1) passing through the line m during the study period.
ii, calculating the balance degree of the full load rate distribution of the network section and a formula:
step 1: and dividing the fracture surface into R grades, namely 1,2, R according to the value range of the fracture surface full load.
Step 2: statistics belong toNumber n of section full-load rate units of rank rr，r＝1,2,...,R。
And step 3: calculating the occurrence probability P of the section full load rate as the grade rrThe calculation formula is as follows:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
representing the sum of the section units traversed by all trains of all lines.
And 4, step 4: calculating the distribution entropy of the full load rate of each section of the network, namely the structure matching degree MJ of the network, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
(3) calculating the quality matching degree:
i. the calculation formula of the network quality matching degree MZ is as follows:
in the formula, NsectionRepresenting the total number of sections contained in the urban rail transit network;
when the section load value of the section (i, i +1) of the line m is greater than 0.8, the section is considered to be congested, and the section is judged to be congested
Get 1, otherwise
Take 0, whose expression is:
further, the method for normalizing the index values in step S3 and calculating the overall matching degree in step S4 includes:
normalization treatment:
the quantity matching degree, the structure matching degree and the quality matching degree of each layer are all reverse indexes, normalization and forward processing are carried out on the reverse indexes, the effect that the performance is better when the value is larger is achieved, and the adopted dimensionless expression is as follows:
and (3) integrating a calculation formula of the matching degree:
in the formula, gamma1、γ2、γ3Is a weight coefficient of each index, γ1+γ2+γ3＝1。
After the comprehensive matching degree of each layer is obtained, the corresponding comprehensive matching degree can be selected for evaluation according to the matching performance of the rail transit transportation capacity and the passenger flow requirement of a certain layer in a line, a transfer station or a network which is actually required to be carried out.
Compared with the prior art, the method for calculating the matching degree of the urban rail transit transport capacity and the passenger flow demand at least has the following beneficial effects:
the invention considers the space-time distribution characteristics of passenger flow demand and transport capacity configuration, not only considers the matching in quantity from three layers of lines, transfer stations and networks, but also provides two angles of structure matching and quality matching, and jointly constructs a quantitative evaluation framework of the matching of the transport capacity and the passenger flow demand. The invention technically provides a method for calculating indexes of each element corresponding to three levels of a line, a transfer station and a network. The number matching degree is respectively expressed by the average capacity utilization rate of the line, the transfer station and the network; the structure matching degree is respectively expressed by the balance degree of the full load rate distribution of the train, the balance degree of the capacity of each direction of the transfer station and the balance degree of the full load rate distribution of the interval; the quality matching degree is represented by the degree of congestion of the train, the platform of the transfer station, and the cross section. And finally, calculating by using a multiplication synthesis method after normalization processing to obtain the comprehensive supply and demand matching degree.
The invention realizes accurate and quantitative evaluation of urban rail transit supply and demand capacity, can provide data support for the effect evaluation and adjustment optimization of the operation and capacity configuration scheme of the urban rail transit operation management department, can provide accurate data reference for compiling the operation plan of the urban rail transit train, defines the operation and capacity configuration optimization direction, and is beneficial to improving the passenger transport service level and the operation and capacity utilization efficiency of the urban rail transit system.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a general flow chart diagram of a method for calculating matching degree between urban rail transit transportation capacity and passenger flow demand according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an index system for matching evaluation of urban rail transit transport capacity and passenger flow demand;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a calculation flow of the full-load distribution entropy.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the figures and specific embodiments. It is to be understood that the embodiments described are only a few embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without any inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1, the general flow of the method for calculating the matching degree between the urban rail transit transportation capacity and the passenger flow demand provided by the invention is shown in fig. 1, and comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the steps of firstly, constructing an evaluation framework of supply and demand matching of the urban rail transit system, wherein the framework relates to three levels of a line, a transfer station and a network, and each level comprises evaluation indexes of three elements of quantity matching, structure matching and quality matching. The evaluation index system is shown in FIG. 2.
And step two, inputting the section passenger capacity of all trains on all lines, the section length of all lines, the train grouping number of all lines, the number of the vehicle members on each line, the direction-divided transfer passenger flow of all transfer stations and the train operation plan of each line on the whole network.
And step three, respectively calculating quantitative index values of all levels in the evaluation index system, namely the number matching degree, the structure matching degree and the quality matching degree, and performing normalization processing on the calculation result.
And step four, calculating the comprehensive matching degree of the result after the normalization processing by using a multiplication synthesis method, and further evaluating the supply and demand matching of the urban rail transit system.
After the comprehensive matching degree of each layer is obtained, the corresponding comprehensive matching degree can be selected for evaluation according to the matching performance of the rail transit transportation capacity and the passenger flow requirement of a certain layer in a line, a transfer station or a network which is actually required to be carried out.
Example 1
In this embodiment, a supply and demand matching evaluation method is specifically described by taking the sea rail transit No. 6 line as an example:
the total length of a No. 6 line of the Shanghai rail transit is 36.1 kilometers, 28 stations are arranged in total, 4 sections of C-type vehicles are used for marshalling, the number of the vehicle fixed staff is 210 persons/vehicle, the maximum train full load rate is 130%, the No. 6 line working day operation diagram adopts a train operation organization mode of large and small traffic routes at the ratio of 7: 20-21: 00, the large traffic routes are east sports center-harbor city routes, and the small traffic routes are Jufeng routes-Gaoqing routes; and on the basis of the single intersection in other time periods, taking the time period of 07:00-10:00 as an example, calculating the matching degree evaluation index in the traveling direction on the No. 6 line of the Shanghai rail transit, and performing normalization processing.
(1) Calculating the number matching degree:
i. calculating the average capacity utilization U of the line mmThe formula is as follows:
in this embodiment, a train consist B in which a station index i ∈ {1, 2.., 28} and a line index m ═ 6, 6 is input64, vehicle driver C6210, the section of the train is loaded with passengers
Length of each section of No. 6 line
Wherein the train index K belongs to {1, 2.,. K }, binary variable
The values of (c) are obtained from the train operation plan.
Calculating the number matching MS of the line mmThe formula is as follows:
MSm＝|Um-1|
and respectively calculating the uplink capacity utilization rate and the number matching degree in each hour within the line number 6 from 07:00 to 10:00, wherein the specific calculation result is shown in the following table.
Uplink capacity utilization and number matching per hour in tables 107: 00-10:00
| Time | Capacity utilization factor | Degree of quantity matching |
| 07:00-08:00 | 0.3336 | 0.6664 |
| 08:00-09:00 | 0.4749 | 0.5251 |
| 09:00-10:00 | 0.3359 | 0.6641 |
(2) Calculating the structure matching degree:
i. and calculating the full load rate of each train section according to the following formula:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
the load factor of the train k on the route m in the section (i, i +1) is shown.
Calculating the equilibrium degree of the full load distribution, referring to fig. 3, the steps and formula are as follows:
step 1: and dividing the train interval into R grades, namely 1, 2.
Step 2: counting the number n of the train full load rate units belonging to the class rr，r＝1,2,...,R。
And step 3: calculating the occurrence probability P of the full load rate of the train as the grade rrThe calculation formula is as follows:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
represents the sum of the section units passed by all trains.
And 4, step 4: calculating the full load distribution entropy of the line mI.e. degree of structural match MJ of line mmThe calculation formula is as follows:
and respectively calculating the full load rate, the distribution entropy of the full load rate and the structure matching degree in the ascending direction per hour within the No. 6 line 07:00-10:00, and the calculation result of the structure matching degree is shown in the following table.
Degree of matching of uplink structure per hour in tables 207: 00-10:00
| Time | Degree of structural matching |
| 07:00-08:00 | 2.1627 |
| 08:00-09:00 | 2.3845 |
| 09:00-10:00 | 2.2180 |
(3) Calculating the quality matching degree:
i. and (3) calculating the degree of congestion of the train according to the following formula:
in the formula, MZmRepresenting the proportion of high load units in the research period, namely the crowdedness of the line m, as the quality matching degree;
when the train k on the route m has a loading rate greater than 1 in the section (i, i +1) as a function of the determination of the congestion status of the train, the train is considered to be congested,
get 1, otherwise
Take 0. The expression is as follows:
the number of units of the uplink direction full rate distribution in each hour within the line number 6: 00-10:00 and the degree of congestion and the degree of quality matching are calculated respectively, and partial calculation results are shown in the following table.
Number of units of distribution of full load rate in the ascending direction per hour and degree of mass matching in tables 307: 00-10:00
(4) Normalization processing and calculation of comprehensive matching degree:
i. normalization, the formula is as follows:
because the actual data volume is large and cannot be displayed completely, statistics shows that the value range of the quantity matching degree of the embodiment is [0.5000, 0.9500], the value range of the structure matching degree is [0.5000, 2.5000], and the value range of the quality matching degree is [0, 0.6000 ]. Normalization is performed with this range.
Calculating the comprehensive matching degree, wherein the formula is as follows:
in the formula, gamma1、γ2、γ3Is a weight coefficient of each index, γ1+γ2+γ31. This example is to get
The results of the calculation of the uplink comprehensive matching degree are shown in table 4.
TABLE 4 normalization results and comprehensive matching degree
From the calculation results of embodiment 1, it can be known that, on the line level, the mismatching of the transportation capacity and the passenger flow demand in the distribution structure is reflected by unbalanced full load rates of different trains and unbalanced full load rates of trains on different sections, and the passenger carrying capacity of a part of trains on local sections is insufficient, which causes severe congestion in the carriages, which is also the reason for mismatching of the transportation energy supply and demand in the service quality during the peak period. Therefore, the line level needs to mainly solve the problem of time-space imbalance of train capacity utilization inside the peak time period.
Example 2
Taking a transfer station dazzling road as an example, the supply and demand matching evaluation method is described in detail as follows:
the dazzling station is a transfer station of a No. 7 line of Shanghai rail transit and a No. 8 line of Shanghai rail transit, the No. 7 line adopts 6-section marshalling A type, the vehicle officer is 310 persons/vehicle, the No. 8 line adopts 7-section marshalling C type, the vehicle officer is 210 persons/vehicle, and the capacity utilization condition of each line direction in the transfer station is calculated by taking passenger flow data and train operation plan of a certain working day as basic data. On the basis, taking a period of 08:00-09:00 as an example, the matching degree evaluation index of the transfer station is calculated and normalized.
(1) Calculating the number matching degree:
i. and calculating the passenger flow demand according to the following formula:
in this embodiment, j ∈ {1,2,3,4}, which respectively represents the line seven ascending, line seven descending, line eight ascending, and line eight descending.
Inputting the inbound passenger flow in each direction and the inbound passenger flow in each direction, and the numerical values are shown in the following table:
TABLE 5 passenger flow volume coming into station and changed into passenger flow volume in each direction
Through calculation, the passenger flow demand results in all directions are shown in the following table:
TABLE 6 passenger flow demand in each direction
Calculating an actual transport capacity supply, the formula being:
input alphamax120%, the number of trains passing in each direction from 08:00 to 09:00, the section passenger flow in the previous section of the transfer station, the outbound passenger flow and the outbound passenger flow are shown in the following table:
the number of trains passing through in each direction, section passenger flow volume in the previous section of the transfer station, outbound passenger flow volume and outbound passenger flow volume are shown in tables 708: 00-09:00
The actual transportation capacity supply quantity result in each direction is calculated and is shown in the following table:
TABLE 8 actual transport capacity supply in each direction
Calculating the utilization rate of the overall transport capacity of the transfer station, wherein the formula is as follows:
substituting the calculation results in the steps ii and iii to calculate that the utilization rate of the overall transport capacity of the 08:00-09:00 transfer station is as follows:
calculating the matching degree MS of the number of transfer stations, wherein the formula is as follows:
MS＝|U-1|
therefore, the number matching degree of the dazzling stations from 08:00 to 09:00 is as follows:
MS＝|U-1|＝|0.1988-1|＝0.8012
(2) calculating the structure matching degree:
i. and calculating the capacity utilization rate of the direction j, wherein the formula is as follows:
Uj＝Dj/Sj
the results of the calculation of the capacity utilization in each direction of the dazzling station 08:00-09:00 are shown in the following table:
TABLE 9 ability utilizationrate of all directions 08:00-09:00 of dazzling station
Calculating the capability utilization balance between the directions of the transfer station, namely the structure matching degree MJ of the transfer station, and the formula is as follows:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
the average capacity utilization rate of each direction of the transfer station is expressed by the expression:
in this embodiment, the average utilization rate and the capability utilization balance degree in each direction of the dazzling station 08:00-09:00 are calculated as follows:
(3) calculating the quality matching degree:
i. calculating the average load of the platform, wherein the formula is as follows:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
the platform passenger flow load in the direction j of the transfer station in the time t;
the total number of trains passing in the direction j within the time t;
design distribution capability for directional j stations; zj,tThe passenger flow collecting and distributing volume of the platform in the direction j in the time t, the platform collecting and distributing passenger flow volume is the sum of the number of the collected passenger flow people and the number of the evacuated passenger flow people in the direction in the time period t, and comprises the station entering passenger flow volume, the station exiting passenger flow volume, the station switching-in passenger flow volume and the station switching-out passenger flow volume in the direction, and the expression is as follows:
in the formula Ij,tThe inbound passenger flow in the direction j of the transfer station within the time t, Oj,tThe outbound passenger flow in the direction j of the transfer station within the time t.
For the transfer station in time t the volume of incoming passengers from direction j' to direction j,
the volume of passengers exchanged from direction j to direction j' at the transfer station in time t.
The input of the number of trains passing through each direction in 08:00-09:00 and the platform design collecting and distributing capacity are 770 persons, the station entering passenger flow volume, the station exiting passenger flow volume, the station entering passenger flow volume and the station exiting passenger flow volume. Therefore, the calculation results of the distributed passenger flow volume of the platform and the average load of the platform in the 08:00-09:00 range are shown in the following table:
station distributed passenger flow and station average load in table 1008: 00-09:00
Calculating a transfer station quality matching degree MZ, which is expressed as follows:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
as a function of the determination of the station congestion, the station congestion is determined when the average loading of the station in the direction j of the transfer station is greater than 0.53 within the time t, and the station is determined to be congested
Get 1, otherwise
Take 0. The expression is as follows:
in this embodiment, the calculation result of the mass matching degree of 08:00 to 09:00 is as follows:
(4) normalization processing and calculation of comprehensive matching degree:
i. normalization processing calculation formula:
a comprehensive matching degree calculation formula:
in the formula, gamma1、γ2、γ3Is a weight coefficient of each index, γ1+γ2+γ31. This example is to get
The analog time interval 08:00-09:00 and the matching degree of the dazzling station in other time intervals can be calculated according to the calculation method, and the calculation results of all the time intervals are normalized. Because the actual data volume is large and can not be displayed completely, the statistical value range of the number matching degree in the embodiment is [0.8000,0.9700], the value range of the structure matching degree is [0.1600,0.8000], and the value range of the quality matching degree is [0,0.8000 ]. Normalization is performed with this range.
The normalized processing results and the comprehensive matching degree calculation results of 07:00-10:00 are shown in the following table:
TABLE 11 normalization results and comprehensive match
As can be seen from the calculation results in embodiment 2, on the level of the transfer station, mismatching between the transport capacity of each line passing through the transfer station and the transfer passenger flow in the distribution structure reflects imbalance in utilization of capacities in uplink and downlink directions of each line, and the transport capacity of the following line corresponding to the transfer direction with a large demand is insufficient, which affects passenger evacuation efficiency, and this also causes overlarge aggregated passenger flow in a large passenger flow direction, and the platform carrying capacity is difficult to satisfy, resulting in deterioration of station service quality and easily causing potential safety hazards. Therefore, the transfer station level needs to mainly solve the problems of inconsistent line-to-line transportation capacity and large platform passenger flow load.
Example 3
The sea rail traffic network is taken as an example and comprises 15 lines (without considering magnetic floating lines and Pujiang lines), and the supply and demand matching degree of the network is calculated.
(1) Calculating the number matching degree:
i. calculating the average utilization rate of the network transport capacity, wherein the formula is as follows:
in the formula, U represents the average capacity utilization rate of the urban rail transit network transport capacity. In this embodiment, the line index m ∈ {1, 2.., 15 }.
Calculating the network number matching degree MS, wherein the formula is as follows:
MS＝|U-1|
(2) calculating the structure matching degree:
i. calculating the interval full load rate, wherein the formula is as follows:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
average loading rate of section (i, i +1) of route m,
representing the total number of trains in the interval (i, i +1) passing through the line m during the study period.
Calculating the balance degree of the distribution of the full load rate of the network section, wherein the calculation steps are similar to the full load rate of the line interval, and referring to the attached figure 3, the steps are as follows:
step 1: and dividing the fracture surface into R grades, namely 1,2, R according to the value range of the fracture surface full load.
Step 2: counting the number n of section full-load rate units belonging to the class rr，r＝1,2,...,R。
And step 3: calculating the occurrence probability P of the section full load rate as the grade rrThe calculation formula is as follows:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
representing the sum of the section units traversed by all trains of all lines.
And 4, step 4: calculating the distribution entropy of the full load rate of each section of the network, namely the structure matching degree MJ of the network, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
(3) calculating the quality matching degree:
i. calculating the quality matching degree MZ of the network, and the formula is as follows:
in the formula, NsectionRepresenting the total number of sections contained in the urban rail transit network;
when the section load value of the section (i, i +1) of the line m is greater than 0.8, the section is considered to be congested, and the section is judged to be congested
Get 1, otherwise
Take 0, whose expression is:
(4) normalization processing and calculation of comprehensive matching degree:
i. normalization processing calculation formula:
because the actual data volume is large and cannot be displayed completely, statistics shows that the value range of the quantity matching degree of the embodiment is [0.5000, 1.0000], the value range of the structure matching degree is [1.0000, 2.4000], and the value range of the quality matching degree is [0, 0.1500 ]. Normalization is performed with this range.
A comprehensive matching degree calculation formula:
in the formula, gamma1、γ2、γ3Is a weight coefficient of each index, γ1+γ2+γ31. This example is to get
By applying the calculation formula, the results of the supply and demand matching degree of the Shanghai rail transit whole network 07:00-10:00 after normalization processing and the calculation results of the comprehensive matching degree refer to the following table 12:
TABLE 12 normalized results and comprehensive match
As can be seen from the calculation results in embodiment 3, on the network level, the structural mismatch between the comprehensive transportation capacity of the network and the passenger flow demand is reflected in the imbalance of capacity utilization of each line and each section of the network, and there are an interval with intense transportation capacity and an interval with excessive transportation capacity, and the matching degree of the overall transportation energy supply and demand quality of the network is the worst in the peak period, which indicates that the proportion of the high-load section is high, which may restrict the exertion of the comprehensive transportation capacity of the network. Therefore, the network layer needs to solve the problem of unbalanced traffic load of the cross section in the peak period.
The invention takes the space-time distribution characteristics of passenger flow demand and transport capacity configuration into consideration, and constructs a quantitative evaluation framework of the matching of transport capacity and passenger flow demand from three levels of lines, transfer stations and networks and three aspects of quantity matching, structure matching and quality matching. The quantity matching describes the adaptation degree of the total passenger flow demand and the total transport capacity from a macroscopic perspective, the structure matching describes the balance degree of transport capacity utilization from a microscopic perspective, and the quality matching describes the satisfaction degree of the transport service quality on the passenger flow demand from a system load level perspective. Based on passenger flow load data, a calculation method of each element index corresponding to three levels of a line, a transfer station and a network is provided, and after normalization processing, a multiplication synthesis method is used for calculating to obtain comprehensive supply and demand matching degree. The supply and demand matching evaluation method provided by the invention provides accurate data reference for compiling the operation plan of the urban rail transit train, and the optimal direction of the operation and energy configuration is determined, thereby being beneficial to improving the passenger service level and the operation and energy utilization efficiency of the urban rail transit system.
While the invention has been described with reference to specific embodiments, the invention is not limited thereto, and those skilled in the art can easily conceive of various equivalent modifications or substitutions within the technical scope of the invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (10)
1. A method for calculating matching degree of urban rail transit transport capacity and passenger flow demand is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) constructing an evaluation framework of the supply and demand matching of the urban rail transit system, wherein the evaluation framework comprises three layers of a line, a transfer station and a network, and each layer comprises evaluation indexes of three elements of quantity matching, structure matching and quality matching;
2) acquiring the section passenger capacity of all trains on all lines, the section length of all lines, the train grouping number of all lines, the number of vehicle members on each line, the transfer passenger flow in different directions of all transfer stations and the train operation plan of each line on the whole network;
3) according to each item of data acquired in the step 2), calculating the quantitative index value of each layer in the evaluation frame in the step 1), and normalizing the calculation result of the quantitative index value of each layer;
4) and calculating comprehensive matching degree of the results after the normalization processing of each level, and evaluating the supply and demand matching of the urban rail transit system based on the comprehensive matching degree.
2. The method for calculating the matching degree of the urban rail transit transportation capability and the passenger flow demand according to claim 1, wherein in the step 1), the evaluation framework comprises a quantity matching index, a structure matching index and a quality matching index which relate to three levels of a line, a transfer station and a network.
3. The method for calculating the matching degree between the urban rail transit transportation capacity and the passenger flow demand according to claim 2, wherein for a line level, the corresponding quantity matching index is the ratio of the line passenger flow demand to the transportation capacity, the corresponding structure matching index is the matching relation of the transportation capacity and the transportation capacity of each train in each interval, and the corresponding quality matching index is the train congestion degree.
4. The method for calculating the matching degree between the urban rail transit transportation capacity and the passenger flow demand according to claim 2, wherein for the transfer station level, the corresponding quantity matching index is the ratio of the passenger flow demand and the transportation capacity of the transfer station, the corresponding structure matching index is the balance degree of capacity utilization in each direction, and the corresponding quality matching index is the station congestion degree.
5. The method for calculating the matching degree between the urban rail transit transportation capacity and the passenger flow demand according to claim 2, wherein for a network level, the corresponding quantity matching index is the ratio of the network passenger flow demand to the transportation capacity, the corresponding structure matching index is the balance degree of the passenger flow load of each section of the network, and the corresponding quality matching index is the section passenger flow congestion degree.
6. The method for calculating the matching degree between the urban rail transit transportation capacity and the passenger flow demand according to claim 2, wherein in the step 3), the quantitative index values of each level comprise a quantity matching degree, a structure matching degree and a quality matching degree of each level.
7. The method for calculating the matching degree of the urban rail transit transportation capacity and the passenger flow demand according to claim 6, wherein for a line level, the calculation contents of the corresponding quantity matching degree, structure matching degree and quality matching degree are as follows:
a1) the average capacity utilization of line m is calculated as follows:
in the formula: i is a station index, i belongs to {1, 2.., N }; k is a train index, and K belongs to {1, 2.., K }; m is a line index, and m belongs to {1, 2.., V }; u shapemThe average capacity utilization of the line m;
the passenger capacity of the train k on the line m in the section (i, i + 1);
the length of the section (i, i +1) of line m; b ismMarshalling a train for line m; cmDetermining a member for the vehicle of the route m;
the binary variable represents whether the train k on the line m passes through the interval (i, i +1) or not, the passing is 1, and otherwise, the passing is 0;
a2) calculating the number matching degree MS of the line m according to the average capacity utilization rate of the line mm：
MSm＝|Um-1|
b1) First, the full load factor of the train k on the route m in the section (i, i +1) is calculated
b2) Calculating the interval full load rate distribution equilibrium degree according to the following process:
b21) dividing the train into R grades, namely 1,2,. R,. R and R, according to the value range of the train full load rate;
b22) counting the number n of the train full load rate units belonging to the class rr，r＝1,2,...,R；
b23) Calculating the occurrence probability P of the full load rate of the train as the grade rrThe calculation formula is as follows:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
the sum of interval units passed by all trains;
b24) calculating the full load rate distribution entropy of the line m, namely the structure matching degree MJ of the line mmThe calculation formula is as follows:
c31) calculating the degree of train congestion:
in the formula, MZmThe method is characterized in that the proportion of high-load units in a research period, namely the crowding degree of a line m is used as a quality matching degree;
when the train k on the route m has a loading rate greater than 1 in the section (i, i +1) as a function of the determination of the congestion status of the train, the train is considered to be congested,
get 1, otherwise
Take 0, whose expression is:
8. the method for calculating the matching degree of the urban rail transit transportation capacity and the passenger flow demand according to claim 6, wherein for the transfer station level, the calculation contents of the corresponding quantity matching degree, structure matching degree and quality matching degree are as follows:
a1) the passenger flow demand is calculated as follows:
in the formula, J is a line direction index passing through the transfer station, J belongs to {1, 2.. eta., J }, and J is the number of line directions passing through the transfer station; djThe passenger flow demand in the line direction j; i isjThe inbound passenger flow in the direction j; t isj′→jIs the transfer passenger flow from direction j' to direction j;
a2) the actual transport capacity supply is calculated as follows:
in the formula, SjPassenger flow supply for the line direction j; n is a radical ofjThe total number of trains passing in the direction j in the study period; alpha is alphamaxThe maximum passenger carrying rate of the train is obtained; qjThe cross section passenger flow in the previous section of the transfer station in the direction j; o isjThe number of outbound passenger flows in direction j,
the number of people in the direction j to exchange for the passenger flow;
a3) obtaining the utilization rate U of the overall transport capacity of the transfer station according to the calculation results of the steps a1) and a 2):
a4) calculating the matching degree of the number of transfer stations according to the utilization rate of the whole transport capacity of the transfer stations:
MS＝|U-1|
b1) capacity utilization U for obtaining direction jj：
Uj＝Dj/Sj
b2) The balance of capability utilization among all directions of the transfer station is calculated, namely the structure matching degree MJ of the transfer station, and the calculation formula is as follows:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
for the average capacity utilization rate of transfer stations in all directions, the expression is as follows:
c1) calculating the average load of the platform:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
the platform passenger flow load in the direction j of the transfer station in the time t;
the total number of trains passing in the direction j within the time t;
design distribution capability for directional j stations; zj,tThe passenger flow collecting and distributing volume of the platform in the direction j in the time t, the platform collecting and distributing passenger flow volume is the sum of the number of the collected passenger flow people and the number of the evacuated passenger flow people in the direction in the time period t, and comprises the station entering passenger flow volume, the station exiting passenger flow volume, the station switching-in passenger flow volume and the station switching-out passenger flow volume in the direction, and the expression is as follows:
in the formula Ij,tThe inbound passenger flow in the direction j of the transfer station within the time t, Oj,tThe outbound passenger flow in the direction j of the transfer station within time t,
for the transfer station in time t the volume of incoming passengers from direction j' to direction j,
the volume of the passengers in the transfer station from the direction j to the direction j' in the time t;
c2) calculating the quality matching degree MZ of the transfer station:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
as a function of the determination of the station congestion, when the average loading of the station in the direction j of the transfer station is greater than 0.53 within the time t, the station is deemed to be congested, and the station is determined to be congested
Get 1, otherwise
Take 0, whose expression is:
9. the method for calculating the matching degree between the urban rail transit transportation capacity and the passenger flow demand according to claim 6, wherein for a network layer, the calculation contents of the corresponding quantity matching degree, structure matching degree and quality matching degree are as follows:
a1) calculating the average capacity utilization rate U of the transportation capacity of the urban rail transit network:
a2) calculating the network quantity matching degree MS according to the average capacity utilization rate U of the urban rail transit network transport capacity:
MS＝|U-1|
b1) the section full load is calculated as follows:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
is the average loading rate of the section (i, i +1) of the line m,
the total number of trains passing through the interval (i, i +1) of the line m in the study period;
b2) and (3) calculating the balance degree of the distribution of the full load rate of the network section according to the following processes:
b21) dividing the fracture surface into R grades, namely 1,2, R, according to the value range of the full load rate of the fracture surface;
b22) counting the number n of section full-load rate units belonging to the class rr，r＝1,2,...,R；
b23) Calculating the occurrence probability P of the section full load rate as the grade rrThe calculation formula is as follows:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
the sum of the section units passed by all trains of all lines is obtained;
b24) calculating the distribution entropy of the full load rate of each section of the network, namely the structure matching degree MJ of the network, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
c1) calculating the network quality matching degree MZ, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
in the formula, NsectionThe total number of the sections contained in the urban rail transit network;
when the section load value of the section (i, i +1) of the line m is greater than 0.8, the section is considered to be congested, and the judgment function of the section congestion situation is performed
Get 1, otherwise
Take 0, whose expression is:
10. the method for calculating the matching degree between the urban rail transit transportation capacity and the passenger flow demand according to claim 7, 8 or 9, wherein in the step 4), the calculation formula of the comprehensive matching degree of each level is as follows:
in the formula, gamma1、γ2、γ3Weight coefficients of the number matching degree, the structure matching degree and the quality matching degree corresponding to each hierarchy, gamma1+γ2+γ3＝1。
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