CN113932602B - Automatic continuous production device for rapid hot-pressing sintering - Google Patents
Automatic continuous production device for rapid hot-pressing sintering Download PDFInfo
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- CN113932602B CN113932602B CN202111025003.7A CN202111025003A CN113932602B CN 113932602 B CN113932602 B CN 113932602B CN 202111025003 A CN202111025003 A CN 202111025003A CN 113932602 B CN113932602 B CN 113932602B
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- cooling water
- electrode
- cooling
- water pipe
- pressure head
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- 238000007731 hot pressing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 55
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 238000010924 continuous production Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 claims description 107
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 93
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 66
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical group [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen Substances N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000001154 acute effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 14
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003116 impacting effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007373 indentation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000110 cooling liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B5/00—Muffle furnaces; Retort furnaces; Other furnaces in which the charge is held completely isolated
- F27B5/04—Muffle furnaces; Retort furnaces; Other furnaces in which the charge is held completely isolated adapted for treating the charge in vacuum or special atmosphere
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/003—Apparatus, e.g. furnaces
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/12—Both compacting and sintering
- B22F3/14—Both compacting and sintering simultaneously
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B5/00—Muffle furnaces; Retort furnaces; Other furnaces in which the charge is held completely isolated
- F27B5/06—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to furnaces of these types
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B5/00—Muffle furnaces; Retort furnaces; Other furnaces in which the charge is held completely isolated
- F27B5/06—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to furnaces of these types
- F27B5/12—Arrangement of devices for charging
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B5/00—Muffle furnaces; Retort furnaces; Other furnaces in which the charge is held completely isolated
- F27B5/06—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to furnaces of these types
- F27B5/13—Arrangement of devices for discharging
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B5/00—Muffle furnaces; Retort furnaces; Other furnaces in which the charge is held completely isolated
- F27B5/06—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to furnaces of these types
- F27B5/14—Arrangements of heating devices
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D11/00—Arrangement of elements for electric heating in or on furnaces
- F27D11/08—Heating by electric discharge, e.g. arc discharge
- F27D11/10—Disposition of electrodes
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D3/00—Charging; Discharging; Manipulation of charge
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B7/00—Heating by electric discharge
- H05B7/02—Details
- H05B7/12—Arrangements for cooling, sealing or protecting electrodes
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B5/00—Muffle furnaces; Retort furnaces; Other furnaces in which the charge is held completely isolated
- F27B5/06—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to furnaces of these types
- F27B2005/062—Cooling elements
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27M—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS OF THE CHARGES OR FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS
- F27M2003/00—Type of treatment of the charge
- F27M2003/04—Sintering
Abstract
The invention provides an automatic continuous production device for rapid hot-pressing sintering, which comprises a sintering cavity and a glove box, wherein a graphite die, an upper pressure head and a lower pressure head which are respectively connected with different electrodes are arranged in the sintering cavity, and the upper pressure head and the lower pressure head move relatively and clamp the graphite die between the upper pressure head and the lower pressure head; the glove box is internally filled with protective atmosphere and is internally provided with a manipulator capable of clamping the graphite mold; the glove box is connected with the sintering cavity through an openable connecting device. According to the automatic continuous production device provided by the invention, the manipulator capable of moving along the moving track is arranged in the glove box filled with the protective atmosphere, so that the graphite mold in the sintering cavity is quickly replaced in the glove box, and the high-temperature graphite mold is quickly cooled in the protective atmosphere, thereby being beneficial to realizing automatic continuous production and greatly improving the production efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of sintering furnaces, in particular to an automatic continuous production device for rapid hot-pressing sintering.
Background
The rapid hot-pressing sintering equipment is currently applied to sintering preparation of metal, ceramic, carbon materials and composite materials, the rapid hot-pressing sintering can be carried out on the materials in the heating process of the materials, more compact sintering finished products can be obtained, the sintering time is greatly shortened, the increase of the grain size of the finished products is restrained, and the compact degree is better than that of normal-pressure sintering, however, the cooling time after sintering of the finished products at high temperature is longer, particularly, some sintering finished products with larger size requirements are obtained, after the graphite mold with the materials is sintered into the finished products at the end of the heat preservation stage, the mold temperature with larger size is higher, the cooling time is longer, and the continuous production and the production efficiency of the rapid hot-pressing sintering equipment are seriously influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide an automatic continuous production device for rapid hot-pressing sintering, which is used for communicating a sintering cavity with a glove box filled with protective atmosphere, so that a graphite mold taken out from the sintering cavity can be ensured to be cooled in the protective atmosphere environment, and the problem of high-temperature oxidation is avoided.
The invention provides an automatic continuous production device for rapid hot-pressing sintering, which comprises a sintering cavity and a glove box, wherein,
the sintering cavity is internally provided with a graphite die, an upper pressure head and a lower pressure head which are respectively connected with different electrodes, and the upper pressure head and the lower pressure head relatively move and clamp the graphite die between the upper pressure head and the lower pressure head;
the glove box is internally filled with protective atmosphere and is internally provided with a manipulator capable of clamping the graphite mold; the glove box is connected with the sintering cavity through an openable connecting device.
The protective atmosphere is nitrogen; the manipulator is a six-degree-of-freedom manipulator, and the bottom of the manipulator is arranged on a moving track, so that the manipulator can move along the moving track. The movable area of the six-degree-of-freedom manipulator can be greatly increased through the movable track, so that the manipulator can take out the graphite mold in the sintering cavity conveniently and can be placed in the glove box neatly.
And a heat exchanger is arranged in the glove box and is connected with an external water cooling device. And heat exchange is carried out on the protective atmosphere in the glove box through the heat exchanger, so that the graphite mold in the glove box is rapidly cooled.
One of the upper pressure head and the lower pressure head is driven by a driving mechanism to enable the upper pressure head and the lower pressure head to move towards each other. According to the technical scheme, the driving mechanism which is vertically driven is arranged on the upper pressing head, and the upper pressing head can be driven to move downwards.
The electrode is internally provided with a cooling cavity, and water is introduced into the cooling cavity through the water cooling device to cool the cooling cavity. The cooling chamber of the electrode can enable the electrode to be rapidly cooled, so that rapid and continuous production of the sintering chamber is ensured.
The electrode includes, electrode holder, electrode cover and condenser tube, wherein:
the electrode seat is correspondingly connected with the electrode cover to form a closed cooling cavity;
the electrode cover is of a barrel-shaped structure, the front end of the electrode cover is provided with a hot-pressing plane, the outer layer of the electrode cover is a stainless steel layer, the inner layer of the electrode cover is a copper layer, and the outer layer is connected with the inner layer;
the cooling water pipe is arranged on the surface of the electrode seat in the cooling cavity, the water outlet of the cooling water pipe is close to or abutted against the inner surface of the hot pressing plane, and a water drainage channel and a water inlet channel communicated with the cooling water pipe are correspondingly arranged on the electrode seat. According to the technical scheme, the hot-pressing plane is directly cooled through the cooling water pipe, so that the cooling effect is better; through the structure of interior copper outer steel, not only guaranteed hot pressing intensity, also ensured low resistivity and high heat conduction efficiency's technical requirement simultaneously, adopted the copper product as the inner wall of cooling chamber simultaneously, can reduce the corruption, guarantee the durability of product.
A boss which is matched with the inner diameter of the electrode cover in size is arranged at the front end of the electrode seat, so that the boss can be assembled in the electrode cover, a sealing groove and a sealing ring which is embedded in the sealing groove are arranged around the boss, and the sealing ring is in sealing connection with the inner layer of the electrode cover; the outer layer of the electrode cover is fixedly connected to the electrode seat through screws. Through the connected mode of boss, sealing washer and electrode cover, can effectively guarantee that whole cooling chamber that is used for the cooling has good leakproofness, can not lead to the leakage of coolant liquid, guarantee the safe operation of equipment.
The electrode cover is in a barrel shape. The cylindrical electrode cover is smaller in processing difficulty and better in structural stability, and meanwhile, based on the following technical scheme, the cyclone flow is more favorable to be formed, and the cyclone flow is fully contacted with the electrode cover in the flowing process so as to achieve the effect of cooling the inner wall of the electrode cover.
The thickness of the outer layer is smaller than that of the inner layer, so that the influences of low heat conductivity, high resistance and low current transmission efficiency of the stainless steel of the outer layer are further reduced, and the structural performance is optimized.
The water inlet channels are provided with more than two water inlets which are uniformly distributed on the electrode base and extend radially to the edge of the electrode base along the boss.
The cooling water pipes are arranged in two and symmetrically distributed in the cooling cavity.
The cooling water pipe is abutted to the inner surface of the hot pressing plane of the electrode cover, and a notch is arranged at the edge of the water outlet of the cooling water pipe. The abutting part of the cooling water pipe has a blocking effect on the cooling water, and the cooling water is forced to flow out from a channel formed between the notch and the inner surface of the hot pressing plane, so that the flow speed of water flow can be locally increased, and the cooling effect of the water flow is improved.
And grooves are formed in the inner surface of the hot pressing plane, corresponding to the positions of the cooling water pipes, and the size of the grooves is larger than that of the pipe orifices of the cooling water pipes. The water flow sprayed by the cooling water pipe firstly impacts the groove, then overflows to the periphery after passing through the groove, the groove and the surrounding electrodes can be rapidly cooled, and meanwhile, the groove is closer to the outer layer, so that the outer layer adjacent to the groove can be rapidly cooled.
Optionally, the indentations are arranged in a plurality of circumferential arrangements around the cooling water pipe. Water flows are sprayed to different directions through a plurality of notches, so that cooling water can cool the hot pressing plane, and the water flows in the mode can directly flow to the inlet of the drain channel of the electrode seat in an approximately straight line mode after being sprayed.
Alternatively, the notch is arranged on one side of the connecting line between the center of the cooling water pipe and the center of the electrode cover, and the two cooling water pipes are arranged in a central symmetry mode relative to the center of the electrode cover. The cooling water pipes at the non-notch positions are abutted with the electrode covers, so that cooling water is blocked, the cooling water can flow only in the notch direction, and the cooling water flowing out of the notches of the two cooling water pipes can form rotational flow around the center through the two cooling water pipes which are symmetrically arranged in the center, so that the cooling water can be in more full contact with the cooling surface. Compared with the gap structure which is randomly arranged in the axial direction, the cooling blind area (area with slow water flow speed) can be greatly reduced by adopting a mode of combining single-side arrangement and central symmetry arrangement, water flows are enabled to rotate around the inner surface of the hot-pressing sheet surface under the action of two cooling water pipes to be fully contacted and cooled, then the water flows and advances along the barrel-shaped inner wall of the electrode cover in the direction of the electrode seat in a spiral shape under the centrifugal action, finally, the water flows are discharged through the inlet of the water drainage channel on the electrode seat, the action path of the water flows is prolonged, the side wall of the electrode cover is cooled more effectively, the action complements the cooling action of the hot-pressing plane, and the whole electrode cover is cooled effectively. Compared with the common cooling structure for directly impacting the inner surface of the hot pressing plane, the cooling structure can prolong the running path of cooling water by more than 3 times, the higher the water flow speed is, the longer the running path of the cooling water is, and the optimal running path calculated by theory can be expected to reach nearly 10 times.
Further alternatively, the notch is a whole, a half-arc structure is formed along the half circumference of the pipe orifice of the cooling water pipe, and the height of the notch is far smaller than the pipe diameter of the cooling water pipe. Through a flat gap distributed in the half circumference, a fan-shaped area close to a 180-degree angle is ejected, and a whole area rotational flow with a whole 360-degree angle is formed under the combined action of two cooling water pipes, so that the cooling is faster and more uniform.
Or, further optionally, the notch includes a first notch and a second notch, where the first notch is oriented in a direction forming an angle of 30-45 degrees with a line connecting the center of the self-cooling water pipe and the center of the electrode cover, and the second notch is oriented in a direction forming an angle of 90-120 degrees with a line connecting the center of the self-cooling water pipe and the center of the electrode cover. The orientation refers to the orientation of the notch center. The water flows from the two first notches can form a rotational flow with smaller radius, cool a round area of the hot pressing plane close to the center, the water flows from the two second notches can form a rotational flow with larger radius, cool an area of the edge of the hot pressing plane, and then four water flows flow spirally along the barrel-shaped inner wall of the electrode cover to the direction of the electrode holder under the action of centrifugal force, and finally are discharged along the inlet of the drainage channel.
Optionally, the water outlet of the cooling water pipe is close to the inner surface of the hot pressing plane, and the pipe orifice of the cooling water pipe is inclined and flat, so that an acute angle of not more than 30 degrees is formed between the water flow outgoing direction of the cooling water pipe and the inner surface of the hot pressing plane. Through the design of the flat pipe orifice structure, water flow can be emitted to a larger area, and the water flow is fully contacted with the inner surface of the hot pressing plane for heat dissipation; through the structural design of inclination, avoided direct and hot pressing planar internal surface contact to make the fluid can form the whirl to hot pressing planar whole internal surface cooling, can not lead to partial region to hinder the fluid to form the slower blind area of velocity of flow because of the contact.
The implementation of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
according to the automatic continuous production device provided by the invention, the manipulator capable of moving along the moving track is arranged in the glove box filled with the protective atmosphere, so that the graphite mold in the sintering cavity is quickly replaced in the glove box, and the high-temperature graphite mold is quickly cooled in the protective atmosphere, thereby being beneficial to realizing automatic continuous production and greatly improving the production efficiency; in addition, the potential safety hazard caused by manually taking out the die at the high temperature stage can be avoided.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an electrode according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a longitudinal cross-sectional structure of an electrode according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a longitudinal cross-sectional structure of an electrode according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of an installation structure of an electrode and a cooling water pipe according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a cooling water pipe according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of an installation structure of an electrode and a cooling water pipe according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a cooling water pipe according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of an installation structure of an electrode and a cooling water pipe according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a cooling water pipe according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a schematic view of a cooling water pipe according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a schematic view of an installation structure of an electrode and a cooling water pipe according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 12 is a schematic view of a cooling water pipe according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 13 is a schematic view of the overall structure of an automated continuous production apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Reference numerals in the drawings:
1-a sintering cavity; 2-glove box;
10-electrode;
11-electrode holders; 111-boss; 112-a water inlet channel; 113-drainage channels;
12-electrode cover; 121-an outer layer; 122-an inner layer; 1221-grooves;
13-cooling water pipes; 131-notch; 1311-first gap; 1312-a second notch; 132-water retaining sloping plates; 133-nozzle;
21-pressing head; 22-pressing down the head; 23-a driving mechanism;
30-graphite mold;
40-a manipulator;
50-connection means.
Detailed Description
In order that the above objects, features and advantages of the invention will be readily understood, a more particular description of the invention will be rendered by reference to the appended drawings. In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. The present invention may be embodied in many other forms than described herein and similarly modified by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention, whereby the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.
It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "fixed to" another element, it can be directly on the other element or intervening elements may also be present. When an element is referred to as being "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or intervening elements may also be present. The terms "vertical," "horizontal," "left," "right," and the like are used herein for illustrative purposes only.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terminology used herein in the description of the invention is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. The term "and/or" as used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
As shown in fig. 13, the present invention provides an automated continuous production apparatus for rapid hot press sintering, comprising a sintering chamber 1 and a glove box 2, wherein,
the sintering cavity 1 is internally provided with a graphite die 30 and an upper pressure head 21 and a lower pressure head 22 which are respectively connected with different electrodes, wherein the upper pressure head 21 and the lower pressure head 22 relatively move and clamp the graphite die 30 between the two;
the glove box 2 is internally filled with a protective atmosphere, and is internally provided with a manipulator 40 capable of clamping the graphite mold 30; the glove box 2 is connected to the sintering chamber 1 by means of an openable connection 50. The connection means 50 are usually attached to the door of the sintering chamber 1 in the glove box 2, and the connection means are connected and sealed around the door of the sintering chamber 1, thereby ensuring that the protective atmosphere inside the glove box 2 is isolated from the environment.
The protective atmosphere is nitrogen, and correspondingly, a vacuum-pumping device and a nitrogen charging device can be arranged in the glove box, after the glove box is closed, a door of the sintering cavity is opened, vacuum-pumping operation is performed by the vacuum-pumping device firstly, and then the nitrogen is charged into the glove box and the sintering cavity as protective gas;
the robot 40 is a six-degree-of-freedom robot, and the bottom of the robot 40 is disposed on a moving rail so that the robot can move along the moving rail. The movable area of the six-degree-of-freedom manipulator can be greatly increased through the movable track, so that the manipulator can take out the graphite mold in the sintering cavity conveniently and can be placed in the glove box neatly.
A heat exchanger (not shown in the figure) is arranged in the glove box 2, and is connected with an external water cooling device (not shown in the figure), the heat exchanger can be a fin type heat exchanger, is arranged in a protective atmosphere in the glove box, contacts with the protective atmosphere and exchanges heat, then drives cooled water to circulate through the water cooling device to take away heat, and the water cooling device generally comprises a refrigerator, a water pump and corresponding water circulation pipelines. The heat exchange is carried out on the protective atmosphere in the glove box through the heat exchanger, so that the graphite mold 30 in the glove box 2 is rapidly cooled.
One of the upper ram 21 and the lower ram 22 is driven by a drive mechanism 23 to move the two toward each other. According to the technical scheme, the driving mechanism which is vertically driven is arranged on the upper pressing head, and the upper pressing head can be driven to move downwards. Correspondingly, holes allowing the electrodes 10 and the like to pass through are formed in the upper ram 21 and the wall of the sintering chamber 1 corresponding to the electrodes 10 connected to the upper ram.
A cooling cavity is arranged in the electrode 10, and water is introduced into the cooling cavity through the water cooling device to cool the cooling cavity. The cooling chamber of the electrode 10 enables rapid cooling of the electrode, thereby ensuring rapid continuous production of the sintering chamber.
As shown in fig. 1 to 12, the electrode includes an electrode holder 11, an electrode cover 12, and a cooling water pipe 13, wherein:
the electrode holder 11 is used for correspondingly connecting with the electrode cover 12 to form a closed cooling chamber (as shown in fig. 2-3), the cooling chamber is used for water cooling, the cooling chamber is generally cylindrical, and can also be square cylindrical or other shapes, but in order to ensure cooling backwater, in particular to the rotational flow structure design used in the embodiment, the cooling chamber is set to be cylindrical as the optimal choice; the electrode holder 11 may be circular or square, the electrode holder 11 is provided with a plurality of bolt holes connected with the electrode cover 12 by bolts, and the end of the electrode cover 12 is correspondingly provided with threaded holes connected with the bolts
The electrode cover 12 is of a barrel-shaped structure, the front end of the electrode cover 12 is provided with a hot-pressing plane, the outer layer 121 of the electrode cover 12 is a stainless steel layer, the inner layer 122 is a copper layer, and the outer layer 121 is connected with the inner layer 122; the front end of the electrode cover 12 is a working end and is used for hot pressing, and the electrode cover needs to bear pressure in the hot pressing process, so that a hot pressing plane connected with the graphite die adopts a stainless steel layer, the supporting strength and the deformation resistance of the stainless steel layer are improved, the copper layer is used as a wall of a cooling cavity, corrosion can be reduced, the heat conduction performance and the electric conduction performance of copper are good, the resistivity is low, and the resistance can be reduced as a whole;
the cooling water pipe 13 is installed on the surface of the electrode seat 11 in the cooling cavity, the water outlet of the cooling water pipe 13 is close to or abutted against the inner surface of the hot pressing plane, and a water drainage channel 113 and a water inlet channel 112 communicated with the cooling water pipe 13 are correspondingly arranged on the electrode seat 11, cooling water enters the cooling water pipe 13 through the water inlet channel 112, the cooling water pipe 13 directly cools the inner surface of the hot pressing plane, and then the water is discharged through the water drainage channel 113 on the electrode seat 11. According to the technical scheme, the hot-pressing plane is directly cooled through the cooling water pipe 13, so that the cooling effect is better; through the structure of interior copper outer steel, not only guaranteed hot pressing intensity, also ensured low resistivity and high heat conduction efficiency's technical requirement simultaneously, adopted the copper product as the inner wall of cooling chamber simultaneously, can reduce the corruption, guarantee the durability of product.
A boss 111 which is matched with the inner diameter of the electrode cover 12 in size is arranged at the front end of the electrode seat 11, so that the boss can be assembled in the electrode cover 12, a sealing groove and a sealing ring which is embedded in the sealing groove are arranged around the boss, the sealing ring is in sealing connection with the inner layer of the electrode cover 12, and the sealing ring is made of high-temperature resistant materials generally; the outer layer of the electrode cover 12 is fastened and connected to the electrode base 11 through screws. Through the connection mode of the boss 111, the sealing ring and the electrode cover 12, the whole cooling chamber for cooling can be effectively guaranteed to have good tightness, leakage of cooling liquid can not be caused, and safe operation of equipment is guaranteed.
The electrode cover 12 has a cylindrical shape. The cylindrical electrode cover 12 is smaller in processing difficulty and better in structural stability, and meanwhile, based on the following technical scheme, the cyclone flow is more beneficial to forming, and the cyclone flow is fully contacted with the electrode cover 12 in the flowing process so as to achieve the effect of cooling the inner wall of the electrode cover 12.
The thickness of the outer layer 121 is smaller than that of the inner layer 122, so that the influences of low heat conductivity, high resistance and low current transmission efficiency of the stainless steel of the outer layer 121 are further reduced, and the structural performance is optimized, but the thickness of the connecting end of the outer layer 121 needs to be ensured to be capable of being connected by installing bolts.
The water inlet channels 112 are provided with more than two water inlet channels, are uniformly distributed on the electrode seat 11, and radially extend towards the edge of the electrode seat 11 along the boss, and the number of corresponding water outlet channels can be the same as that of the water inlet channels, and the water inlet channels are arranged at intervals or only one water outlet channel can be arranged. In this embodiment, the number of water inlet channels and water outlet channels is 2, and the water inlet channels and the water outlet channels are arranged at intervals and extend radially towards the edge of the electrode base.
The cooling water pipes 13 are arranged in two and symmetrically distributed in the cooling cavity.
The cooling water pipe 13 is abutted against the inner surface of the hot pressing plane of the electrode cover 12, and a notch 131 is arranged at the edge of the water outlet of the cooling water pipe 13. The abutting part of the cooling water pipe 13 forms a blocking effect on the cooling water, so that the cooling water is forced to flow out from a channel formed between the notch 131 and the inner surface of the hot pressing plane, the flow speed of the water flow can be locally increased, and the cooling effect of the water flow is improved.
Corresponding to the position of the cooling water pipe 13, a groove 1221 (as shown in fig. 3) is provided on the inner surface of the hot pressing plane, and the size of the groove 1221 is larger than the size of the pipe orifice of the cooling water pipe 13. The water flow sprayed from the cooling water pipe 13 firstly impacts the groove 1221, then overflows to the periphery after passing through the groove 1221, so that the groove 1221 and the surrounding electrodes can be rapidly cooled, and meanwhile, the groove 1221 is closer to the outer layer, so that the outer layer adjacent to the groove 1221 can be rapidly cooled.
Alternatively, the indentations are provided in a plurality of circumferential arrangements around the cooling water pipe 13 (as shown in fig. 4-5). The water flows are sprayed in different directions through the plurality of notches 131, so that the cooling water can cool the hot pressing plane, and the water flows in the mode directly flow to the inlet of the water drainage channel 113 of the electrode holder 11 in an approximately straight line mode after being sprayed.
Alternatively, the notch is provided in a single-sided arrangement with respect to the line connecting the center of the cooling water pipe 13 and the center of the electrode housing 12, and the two cooling water pipes 13 are arranged in a central symmetry with respect to the center of the electrode housing 12 (as shown in fig. 6 to 12). The cooling water pipes 13 at the non-notch positions are abutted with the electrode covers 12, so that cooling water is blocked, the cooling water can only flow in the notch direction, and the cooling water flowing out of the notches of the two cooling water pipes 13 can form rotational flow around the center through the two cooling water pipes 13 which are symmetrically arranged at the center, so that the cooling water can be in more full contact with the cooling surface. Compared with the gap structure which is randomly arranged in the axial direction, the cooling blind area (area with slow water flow speed) can be greatly reduced by adopting a mode of combining single-side arrangement and central symmetry arrangement, the water flows are enabled to rotate around the inner surface of the hot-pressed sheet surface under the action of the two cooling water pipes 13 to be fully contacted and cooled, then flow forwards along the barrel-shaped inner wall of the electrode cover 12 in a spiral shape along the direction of the electrode seat 11 under the centrifugal action, and finally are discharged through the inlet of the water discharge channel 113 on the electrode seat 11, so that the action path of the water flows is prolonged, the side wall of the electrode cover 12 is cooled further and more effectively, the action complements the cooling action of the hot-pressed plane, and the whole electrode cover 12 is cooled effectively. Compared with the common cooling structure for directly impacting the inner surface of the hot pressing plane, the cooling structure can prolong the running path of cooling water by more than 3 times, the higher the water flow speed is, the longer the running path of the cooling water is, and the optimal running path calculated by theory can be expected to reach nearly 10 times.
Further alternatively, the notch is formed as a single piece, a half arc structure is formed along the half circumference of the nozzle of the cooling water pipe 13, and the height of the notch is much smaller than the pipe diameter of the cooling water pipe 13 (as shown in fig. 8-10). Through a flat gap distributed in the half circumference, a fan-shaped area close to a 180-degree angle is ejected, and a whole area rotational flow with a whole 360-degree angle is formed under the combined action of the two cooling water pipes 13, so that the cooling is faster and more uniform.
In particular, in order to further reduce the blind area where the water flow speed is slow, as shown in fig. 9, on the other side of the pipe orifice of the cooling water pipe where the notch is not provided, a water blocking inclined plate 132 extending obliquely to the bottom edge of the notch and crossing the diameter is provided, and the water blocking inclined plate 132 can guide and block the water flow at the outlet of the cooling water pipe, reduce the slow water flow area at the outlet of the cooling water pipe due to the blocking of the electrode cover 12, and further guide the rotational flow by the inclined surface of the water blocking inclined plate 132 in the process of forming the rotational flow in the cooling chamber after the cooling water flows out of the cooling water pipe 13, thereby avoiding the blind area caused by slow water flow speed due to vertical contact.
Alternatively, as shown in fig. 6-7, the notch 131 includes a first notch 1311 and a second notch 1312, where the first notch is oriented at an angle a of 30-45 degrees with respect to the line connecting the center of the self-cooling water pipe 13 and the center of the electrode cover 12, and the second notch is oriented at an angle B of 90-120 degrees with respect to the line connecting the center of the self-cooling water pipe 13 and the center of the electrode cover 12. The orientation refers to the orientation of the notch center. The water flows from the two first notches can form a rotational flow with smaller radius to cool a round area of the hot pressing plane close to the center, the water flows from the two second notches can form a rotational flow with larger radius to cool an area of the edge of the hot pressing plane, and then four water flows flow spirally along the barrel-shaped inner wall of the electrode cover 12 towards the electrode seat 11 under the action of centrifugal force, and finally are discharged along the inlet of the drainage channel 113.
Alternatively, the water outlet of the cooling water pipe 13 is close to the inner surface of the hot pressing plane, and the nozzle 133 of the cooling water pipe 13 is formed in an inclined flat shape (as shown in fig. 11-12), so that the water flow outgoing direction of the cooling water pipe 13 forms an acute angle of not more than 30 degrees with the inner surface of the hot pressing plane. Through the design of the flat pipe orifice structure, water flow can be emitted to a larger area, and the water flow is fully contacted with the inner surface of the hot pressing plane for heat dissipation; through the structural design of inclination, avoided direct and hot pressing planar internal surface contact to make the fluid can form the whirl to hot pressing planar whole internal surface cooling, can not lead to partial region to hinder the fluid to form the slower blind area of velocity of flow because of the contact.
According to the electrode provided by the invention, copper is used as a main heat transfer part of the electrode, the stainless steel is coated on the outer layer, the overall electric conduction and thermal conduction of the electrode are good, and meanwhile, when the electrode is heated integrally, the deformation, notch and fracture of the electrode can not occur in the working process due to the high hardness, tensile strength, bending resistance and oxidation resistance of the outer layer stainless steel electrode, so that the normal working of the rapid hot-pressing sintering furnace can be ensured. The electrode is internally designed with a water-cooling structure, and when the sample sintering is finished, the water-cooling structure can rapidly cool the electrode through a circulating water system, so that the electrode can be ensured to be normally sintered by rapid hot pressing in continuous operation.
The implementation of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
according to the automatic continuous production device provided by the invention, the manipulator capable of moving along the moving track is arranged in the glove box filled with the protective atmosphere, so that the graphite mold in the sintering cavity is quickly replaced in the glove box, and the high-temperature graphite mold is quickly cooled in the protective atmosphere, thereby being beneficial to realizing automatic continuous production and greatly improving the production efficiency.
The technical features of the above-described embodiments may be arbitrarily combined, and all possible combinations of the technical features in the above-described embodiments are not described for brevity of description, however, as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features, they should be considered as the scope of the description.
The above examples illustrate only a few embodiments of the invention, which are described in detail and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, which are all within the scope of the invention. Accordingly, the scope of protection of the present invention is to be determined by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. An automatic continuous production device for rapid hot-pressing sintering comprises a sintering cavity and a glove box, and is characterized in that,
the sintering cavity is internally provided with a graphite die, an upper pressure head and a lower pressure head which are respectively connected with different electrodes, and the upper pressure head and the lower pressure head relatively move and clamp the graphite die between the upper pressure head and the lower pressure head;
the glove box is internally filled with protective atmosphere and is internally provided with a manipulator capable of clamping the graphite mold; the glove box is connected with the sintering cavity through an openable connecting device;
a heat exchanger is arranged in the glove box and connected with an external water cooling device, a cooling cavity is arranged in the electrode, and water is introduced into the cooling cavity through the water cooling device for cooling;
the electrode comprises an electrode seat, an electrode cover and a cooling water pipe, wherein the electrode seat is used for being correspondingly connected with the electrode cover to form a closed cooling cavity, the front end of the electrode cover is provided with a hot-pressing plane, the cooling water pipe is arranged on the surface of the electrode seat in the cooling cavity, a water outlet of the cooling water pipe is abutted to the inner surface of the hot-pressing plane, a water drainage channel and a water inlet channel communicated with the cooling water pipe are correspondingly arranged on the electrode seat, a notch is arranged at the edge of the water outlet of the cooling water pipe and corresponds to the position of the cooling water pipe, a groove is formed in the inner surface of the hot-pressing plane, the size of the groove is larger than that of a pipe orifice of the cooling water pipe, the notch is arranged on one side of a central connecting line of the center of the cooling water pipe and the center of the electrode cover, and the two cooling water pipes are arranged in a central symmetry mode relative to the center of the electrode cover.
2. The automated continuous production apparatus of claim 1, wherein,
the protective atmosphere is nitrogen; the manipulator is a six-degree-of-freedom manipulator, and the bottom of the manipulator is arranged on a moving track, so that the manipulator can move along the moving track.
3. The automated continuous production apparatus of claim 1, wherein,
one of the upper pressure head and the lower pressure head is driven by a driving mechanism to enable the upper pressure head and the lower pressure head to move towards each other.
4. The automated continuous production apparatus of claim 1, wherein,
the electrode cover is of a barrel-shaped structure, the outer layer of the electrode cover is a stainless steel layer, the inner layer of the electrode cover is a copper layer, and the outer layer is connected with the inner layer.
5. The automated continuous production apparatus of claim 4, wherein,
a boss which is matched with the inner diameter of the electrode cover in size is arranged at the front end of the electrode seat, so that the boss can be assembled in the electrode cover, a sealing groove and a sealing ring which is embedded in the sealing groove are arranged around the boss, and the sealing ring is in sealing connection with the inner layer of the electrode cover; the outer layer of the electrode cover is fixedly connected to the electrode seat through screws.
6. The automated continuous production apparatus of claim 5, wherein,
the electrode cover is in a barrel shape;
the thickness of the outer layer is smaller than that of the inner layer;
the water inlet channels are provided with more than two water inlet channels, are uniformly distributed on the electrode base and radially extend towards the edge of the electrode base along the boss;
the cooling water pipes are arranged in two and symmetrically distributed in the cooling cavity.
7. The automated continuous production apparatus of claim 1, wherein,
the notches are arranged in a plurality of circumferential arrangements around the cooling water pipe.
8. The automated continuous production apparatus of claim 1, wherein,
the notch is an integral structure which forms a half arc along the half circumference of the pipe orifice of the cooling water pipe, and the height of the notch is far smaller than the pipe diameter of the cooling water pipe.
9. The automated continuous production apparatus of claim 1, wherein,
the notch comprises a first notch and a second notch, wherein the position of the first notch is in the direction of an included angle of 30-45 degrees with the connecting line between the center of the self-cooling water pipe and the center of the electrode cover, the position of the second notch is in the direction of an included angle of 90-120 degrees with the connecting line between the center of the self-cooling water pipe and the center of the electrode cover, and the position refers to the position of the center of the notch.
10. The automated continuous production apparatus of claim 1, wherein,
the water outlet of the cooling water pipe is close to the inner surface of the hot pressing plane, and the pipe orifice of the cooling water pipe is inclined and flat, so that an acute angle of not more than 30 degrees is formed between the water flow emergent direction of the cooling water pipe and the inner surface of the hot pressing plane.
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