CN113931025A - Three-dimensional drainage system and construction method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a three-dimensional drainage system and a construction method thereof, wherein the three-dimensional drainage system comprises a plurality of plate-shaped composite waterproof and drainage structures which are spliced together, the composite drainage structure comprises a geotextile layer and a reverse filter layer which are sequentially arranged, the reverse filter layer is arranged on the inner side of the geotextile layer, and the composite drainage structure further comprises a buffer layer and/or an insulating layer which are arranged on the inner side of the reverse filter layer. The three-dimensional drainage system is characterized in that the composite waterproof and drainage structure is arranged on a foundation layer in the roadbed, the foundation layer can be a retaining wall, a bridge abutment, a culvert and the like in the roadbed, so that the problems of drainage, heat preservation, deformation and the like of the foundation layer, particularly caused by expansive soil, are solved, and the three-dimensional drainage system has high economical efficiency, effectiveness and rationality.

Description

Three-dimensional drainage system and construction method thereof

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of waterproof drainage, in particular to a three-dimensional drainage system and a construction method thereof.

Background

The roadbed is used as the foundation of the railway track, and the smoothness, the uniformity and the long-term stability of the roadbed are important for ensuring the safe operation of a high-speed train. In seasonally frozen soil areas, frost heaving and thaw collapse are one of key inducement factors for reducing the smoothness and long-term stability of a roadbed, and uneven deformation caused by frost heaving and thaw collapse of the roadbed greatly influences the smoothness and durability of a track structure, becomes one of major hidden dangers influencing the running speed and safety of a railway, and simultaneously causes great difficulty in railway maintenance.

The problem of frost heaving prevention of the roadbed in the seasonally frozen soil area is taken as a worldwide problem and is always highly valued and concerned by academic and engineering circles. From the physical mechanism, the frost heaving of the roadbed soil is mainly the macroscopic expression of ice segregation and crystal expansion caused by direct moisture migration under the action of hydraulic gradient and indirect moisture migration under the drive of temperature gradient and the like. The frost heaving diseases of the roadbed are closely related to the environmental climate, soil body characteristics and hydrogeological conditions, the control of the frost heaving diseases of the roadbed generally adopts the general ideas of active/passive temperature control, drainage, soil property improvement, reasonable roadbed filling height selection and the like, and comprehensive control treatment measures are adopted from the aspects of roadbed design, construction, maintenance and the like. Because the water migration effect is the root cause of ice segregation and frost heaving, it is very important to make the roadbed waterproof and drainage and keep the roadbed in a dry, stable and firm state.

The severe cold area of China is close to 1/3 territorial areas, and the mileage of the high-speed railway under construction and operation exceeds 5000 kilometers. The roadbed waterproof sealing layer is used as an important component of a waterproof and drainage system, is an external barrier for preventing surface water from permeating into a roadbed structure, and has irreplaceable effects on reducing frost heaving, thawing sinking and other diseases. At present, a cement-based material or a plastic drainage plate is generally adopted for waterproof sealing of a high-speed railway roadbed, however, a large number of structural seams exist in the cement material, a part of severe cold sections are subjected to waterproof failure to cause frost damage, and most of the cement material is of a single-layer or multi-layer structure with a small thickness and is not enough for constructing an active three-dimensional drainage structure; and plastics drain bar work progress drain bar concatenation, the overlap joint degree of difficulty is great, and causes the drain bar to damage easily in the work progress, seriously influences whole waterproof and drainage function, causes the potential safety hazard to the railway operation, builds the structure in the native region of inflation, and the work back expansion deformation is difficult to be controlled, can influence the safety in service of culvert, retaining wall etc. when serious.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides a three-dimensional drainage system and a construction method thereof, which are used for solving at least one technical problem.

The invention provides a three-dimensional drainage system which comprises a plurality of plate-shaped composite waterproof and drainage structures, wherein the composite waterproof and drainage structures are spliced together, each composite waterproof and drainage structure comprises a geotextile layer and a reverse filter layer which are sequentially arranged, the reverse filter layer is arranged on the inner side of the geotextile layer, and the composite drainage structure further comprises a buffer layer and/or an insulating layer which are arranged on the inner side of the reverse filter layer.

Optionally, the geotextile layer is a self-adhesive composite geotextile; the reverse filtering layer is a perlite reverse filtering layer or a mixed sand reverse filtering layer; the buffer layer is an elastic polymer buffer layer; and a composite geomembrane is also arranged between the reverse filtering layer and the buffer layer or between the reverse filtering layer and the heat insulation layer.

Optionally, the elastic polymer buffer layer is made of polystyrene foam or polyethylene foam; the material of heat preservation is extrusion molding polystyrene foam.

Optionally, each of the composite waterproof and drainage structures is connected by any one or more of the following methods: bonding, bolt connection, U-shaped connecting rod connection or tenon-and-mortise structural connection.

Optionally, bonding points or connecting holes are arranged on the outer side of the buffer layer or the insulating layer, and the buffer layer or the insulating layer is connected with the rigid retaining wall, the abutment or the culvert through the bonding points or the connecting holes.

Optionally, a soil filling layer is arranged on the outer side of the geotextile layer.

Optionally, a drainage blind ditch is further arranged below the composite waterproof and drainage structure, and the drainage blind ditch comprises coarse particle materials and a drainage blind pipe.

Another aspect of the present invention provides a construction method of the stereo drainage system according to any one of the above, the construction method comprising:

step 1, determining waterproof and drainage requirements through analysis of a construction environment, designing each layer of composition of the composite waterproof and drainage structure, completing integrated manufacturing in a processing factory, and transporting to a construction site;

step 2, constructing a rigid retaining wall, a bridge abutment or a culvert according to the actual condition of a construction site;

step 3, connecting and paving the composite waterproof structure on the rigid retaining wall, the abutment or the culvert through an adhesive or a connecting member;

and 4, paving a filling layer on the composite waterproof and drainage structure.

Optionally, step 1 further includes:

and according to the actual situation of a construction site, the size and the shape of the composite waterproof and drainage structure are designed or cut in advance.

Optionally, step 2 further includes:

and arranging drainage blind ditches at the sides or the bottoms of the rigid retaining walls, the abutment or the culvert.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:

the three-dimensional drainage system can provide functions of heat preservation and deformation adaptation according to actual needs, and effectively solves the problems of drainage, heat preservation and deformation in engineering construction of railways, roads and the like in China.

Secondly, according to different using environments and conditions, the three-dimensional drainage system and the construction method thereof select corresponding combination types to form a structure which integrates multiple functions of water prevention, drainage, reverse filtration, heat preservation, buffering and the like, and can effectively solve the problems of drainage, heat preservation, deformation and the like at positions difficult to construct, such as wall backs, bridge abutments, culverts and the like.

In addition, the three-dimensional drainage system is provided with the blind ditch, and is in seamless butt joint with the blind ditch, so that an integral drainage channel is constructed, and the drainage efficiency is improved.

Finally, according to different climatic environments and use conditions, different combination forms and interlayer thicknesses can be organically selected by combining the requirements of the structure on temperature, humidity and deformation, so that the economy, effectiveness and rationality of the drainage system are ensured.

Drawings

The invention will be described in more detail hereinafter on the basis of embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings.

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a three-dimensional drainage system according to the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a composite waterproof and drainage structure according to the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of another composite waterproof and drainage structure according to the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of yet another composite waterproof and drainage structure according to the present invention;

fig. 5 is a flow chart illustrating a construction method of a three-dimensional drainage system according to the present invention.

Reference numerals:

1-composite geotextile; 2-an inverted filter layer; 3-a composite geomembrane; 4-a buffer layer; 5-insulating layer; 6-a base layer; 7-filling a soil layer; 8-a bond point; 9-concrete layer; 10-drainage blind ditches; 11-drainage blind pipe.

Detailed Description

The invention will be further explained with reference to the drawings. In the composite waterproof and drainage structure of fig. 2 to 4, the left side is the outer side and the right side is the inner side.

Example 1

As shown in fig. 1 to 4, the cubic drainage system includes a plurality of plate-shaped composite waterproof and drainage structures, preferably used in a roadbed of a highway or a railway. Specifically, each of the composite waterproof and drainage structures is spliced together, each of the composite waterproof and drainage structures includes a geotextile layer 1 and a reverse filter layer 2 which are sequentially arranged, the reverse filter layer 2 is arranged on the inner side (the right side in fig. 1) of the geotextile layer 1, and the composite waterproof and drainage structure further includes a buffer layer 4 (see fig. 4, especially for use when the surrounding filling soil is expansive soil) or a heat insulation layer 5 (see fig. 5, for use when the surrounding filling soil is not expansive, but the ambient temperature is low and heat insulation is required), which may also exist in the application scenario of the composite waterproof and drainage structure, as a matter of course, the buffer layer 4 and the heat insulation layer 5. The layers are joined together by adhesive bonding, extrusion bonding, riveting or sewing, and preferably the layers are joined integrally by adhesive bonding.

The geotextile layer 1 mainly plays a role in water permeation and reverse filtration, the reverse filtration layer 2 is mainly used for preventing water from permeating towards the inner side of the composite waterproof and drainage structure, and the buffer layer 4 can absorb the volume and stress of expansion of frozen soil and avoid extrusion deformation of the inner side structure (such as the foundation layer 6); the heat-insulating layer 5 is used for isolating or reducing the influence of external low temperature on the foundation layer 6, wherein the foundation layer can be a retaining wall, an abutment, a culvert and the like in a roadbed.

Preferably, the foundation layer 6 may be constructed on the concrete layer 9, or the foundation layer 6 may be integrally provided with the concrete layer 9, so as to improve the firmness of the foundation layer 6.

In summary, the three-dimensional drainage system disclosed in the above embodiments of the present invention solves the problems of drainage, heat preservation, deformation, etc. existing at the foundation layer by disposing the composite waterproof and drainage structure on the foundation layer in the roadbed, and the three-dimensional drainage system has high economy, effectiveness, and rationality.

In one or some preferred embodiments, the geotextile layer 1 is a self-adhesive composite geotextile, for example, the geotextile layer 1 comprises a plurality of geotextiles, and an adhesive is preferably provided on the geotextile on the inner side, so that the geotextile layer is adhesively fixed with the inner reverse filter layer 2. The inverted filter layer 2 is a perlite inverted filter layer or a mixed sand grain inverted filter layer, preferably the perlite inverted filter layer, so that the weight of the whole structure is reduced, the integrated processing, manufacturing, transportation, installation and laying are facilitated, and the economy, effectiveness and rationality of the structure are further improved.

Further, the buffer layer 4 is an elastic polymer layer 4 which is not damaged even when being squeezed and can avoid or reduce stress conduction to the inner structure.

Preferably, the elastic polymer material is polystyrene foam (EPS) or polyethylene foam and the like.

A composite geomembrane 3 is also arranged between the reverse filtering layer and the buffer layer and is used for preventing water from permeating, and a permeable geomembrane can be arranged according to the requirement;

preferably, the composite geomembrane 3 is a self-adhesive geomembrane, and preferably, an adhesive or a hot melt adhesive is arranged on both sides of the geomembrane. And the self-adhesive geomembrane comprises a layer of non-woven geotextile and a layer of water-resisting membrane; or the self-adhesive geomembrane comprises two layers of non-woven geotextiles and a water-resisting film in the middle, wherein the water-resisting film is one of a PE film, a PP film, a PVC film or a waterproof cloth. Of course, the above-mentioned water-proof film can be replaced by a water-permeable and air-permeable film according to different application scenarios.

In a preferred structure, the composite waterproof and drainage structure comprises a buffer layer 4 and an insulating layer 5, and the insulating layer 5 is arranged on the inner side of the buffer layer 4, and in this case, the composite waterproof and drainage structure is particularly applied to the case where the temperature is low and expansive soil exists. The material of the heat-insulating layer 5 is extruded polystyrene foam (XPS).

The overall thickness of the composite waterproof and drainage structure is 15-40 cm, and preferably 20-35 cm; the thickness of the buffer layer and the heat-insulating layer ranges from 3 cm to 10 cm, and preferably ranges from 6 cm to 8 cm, so that good overall economic indexes are obtained while drainage, heat insulation and deformation prevention are achieved.

In a preferred embodiment, each of the composite waterproof and drainage structures is connected by gluing, and can be fixed by high-temperature fusion or normal-temperature glue; or bolts or countersunk screws and the like; or the U-shaped connecting rods are connected, and the U-shaped support legs are respectively inserted into the two composite waterproof and drainage structures to be connected; or the tenon structure is connected with the tenon structure by inserting, clamping and the like.

More preferably, the seam is further sealed and fixed by sealant after connection is realized.

In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 1 to 4, bonding points 8, connecting holes or connecting members such as rivets are disposed on the outer side of the buffer layer 4 or the insulating layer 5, so that the buffer layer or the insulating layer is connected with a retaining wall, an abutment or a culvert in the foundation layer 6 through the bonding points, the connecting holes or the connecting members, and the firmness of connection and fixation is improved.

In one embodiment, the geotextile layer 1 is provided with a filling layer 7 on the outer side, wherein the filling can be divided into general soil, expansive soil and the like according to geographical environment and weather environment, and the corresponding composite waterproof and drainage structure can be designed respectively.

In a preferred embodiment, a drainage blind ditch 10 is further arranged below the composite waterproof and drainage structure, and the drainage blind ditch 10 comprises coarse granular materials and a drainage blind pipe 11.

In summary, the three-dimensional drainage system disclosed in the above embodiments of the present invention, by providing the integral composite waterproof and drainage structure, especially the buffer layer can effectively absorb the deformation stress caused by the expansive soil, thereby ensuring the safe service of the railway structure. The drainage blind ditch further improves the drainage and waterproof performance; the invention has stronger engineering adaptability and environmental friendliness, can be respectively designed aiming at different use environments and structures, and optimizes the relevant geometric construction and interfaces according to application scenes.

Example 2

Referring to fig. 5, an embodiment 2 of the present invention discloses a construction method of a three-dimensional drainage system according to any one of embodiments 1, the construction method including:

and step S1, determining waterproof and drainage requirements through analysis of the construction environment, designing each layer of composition of the composite waterproof and drainage structure, completing integrated manufacture in a processing factory, and transporting to a construction site.

The step completes the integrated production of the drainage structure in a factory, the production process is simple, convenient and feasible, the site construction process and the construction difficulty are reduced, and the method is convenient to popularize and apply.

In step S2, a foundation layer 6 such as a rigid retaining wall, an abutment, or a culvert is constructed according to the actual situation of the construction site, and preferably, the foundation layer 6 such as a rigid retaining wall, an abutment, or a culvert is constructed on the concrete layer 9 to improve the stability thereof.

It should be noted that step S1 and step S2 are not sequential, and may be performed in parallel.

Step S3, the composite waterproof structure is connected and laid on the rigid retaining wall, abutment or culvert through adhesive or connecting members.

During splicing, glue can be adopted for bonding, and the fixing can be realized through high-temperature fusion or normal-temperature glue; or bolts or countersunk screws and the like; or the U-shaped connecting rods are connected, and the U-shaped support legs are respectively inserted into the two composite waterproof and drainage structures to be connected; or the tenon structure is connected and fixed in modes of inserting, clamping and the like. The above-mentioned methods are only examples, and the methods for connecting and fixing are all within the protection scope of the present embodiment.

And step S4, paving a filling soil layer on the composite waterproof and drainage structure, thereby completing the construction of the whole roadbed.

In a preferred embodiment, the step S1 further includes: and according to the actual situation of a construction site, the size and the shape of the composite waterproof and drainage structure are designed or cut in advance. Thus, the site construction efficiency can be further improved, and the manufacturing and transportation costs can be reduced.

In a preferred embodiment, the step S2 further includes: and arranging drainage blind ditches at the sides or the bottoms of the rigid retaining walls, the abutment or the culvert. By arranging the drainage blind ditch 10, the water prevention and drainage capacity of the three-dimensional drainage system is further improved.

In summary, in the construction method disclosed in embodiment 2, in the process of constructing retaining walls and transition structures such as retaining walls, bridge abutments and culverts of railways (roads), after concrete is poured, the integral composite waterproof and drainage structure is laid on the surface of the retaining walls and transition structures, so that the problems of post-construction drainage, heat preservation, deformation and the like of structures such as railways (roads) constructed by expansive soil (rocks) in cold regions can be effectively solved.

In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; may be a mechanical connection; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.

In the description of the invention, moreover, the terms "first", "second", "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implying any number of technical features indicated. Thus, features defined as "first", "second", "third" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features.

While the invention has been described with reference to a preferred embodiment, various modifications may be made and equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof without departing from the scope of the invention. In particular, the technical features mentioned in the embodiments can be combined in any way as long as there is no structural conflict. It is intended that the invention not be limited to the particular embodiments disclosed, but that the invention will include all embodiments falling within the scope of the appended claims.

Claims (10)

1. The three-dimensional drainage system is characterized by comprising a plurality of plate-shaped composite waterproof and drainage structures, wherein the composite waterproof and drainage structures are spliced together, each composite drainage structure comprises a geotextile layer and a reverse filter layer which are sequentially arranged, the reverse filter layer is arranged on the inner side of the geotextile layer, and the composite drainage structure further comprises a buffer layer and/or a heat insulation layer which are arranged on the inner side of the reverse filter layer.

2. The three-dimensional drainage system according to claim 1, wherein the geotextile layer is a self-adhesive composite geotextile; the reverse filtering layer is a perlite reverse filtering layer or a mixed sand reverse filtering layer; the buffer layer is an elastic polymer buffer layer; and a composite geomembrane is also arranged between the reverse filtering layer and the buffer layer or between the reverse filtering layer and the heat insulation layer.

3. The stereoscopic drainage system of claim 2, wherein the elastic polymer buffer layer is made of polystyrene foam or polyethylene foam; the material of heat preservation is extrusion molding polystyrene foam.

4. The stereo drainage system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the composite waterproof and drainage structures are connected by any one or more of the following: bonding, bolt connection, U-shaped connecting rod connection or tenon-and-mortise structural connection.

5. The solid drainage system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein bonding points or connecting holes are provided outside the buffer layer or the insulation layer, and the buffer layer or the insulation layer is connected with a rigid retaining wall, an abutment or a culvert through the bonding points or the connecting holes.

6. The stereo drainage system of claim 5, wherein a soil filling layer is arranged outside the geotextile layer.

7. The solid drainage system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein a drainage blind ditch is further arranged below the composite waterproof and drainage structure, and the drainage blind ditch comprises coarse-grained materials and drainage blind pipes.

8. A construction method of the stereo drainage system according to any one of claims 1 to 7, comprising:

step 1, determining waterproof and drainage requirements through analysis of a construction environment, designing each layer of composition of the composite waterproof and drainage structure, completing integrated manufacturing in a processing factory, and transporting to a construction site;

step 2, constructing a rigid retaining wall, a bridge abutment or a culvert according to the actual condition of a construction site;

step 3, connecting and paving the composite waterproof structure on the rigid retaining wall, the abutment or the culvert through a strong adhesive or a connecting member;

and 4, paving a filling layer on the composite waterproof and drainage structure.

9. The construction method according to claim 8, wherein the step 1 further comprises:

and according to the actual situation of a construction site, the size and the shape of the composite waterproof and drainage structure are designed or cut in advance.

10. The construction method according to claim 8 or 9, wherein the step 2 further comprises:

and arranging drainage blind ditches at the sides or the bottoms of the rigid retaining walls, the abutment or the culvert.

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