CN113929364A - Preparation method and application of high-performance water-permeable concrete - Google Patents
Preparation method and application of high-performance water-permeable concrete Download PDFInfo
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- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 101
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 91
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 84
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- GMOGICAFJFPMNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(1,4,8,11-tetrazacyclotetradec-1-ylmethyl)benzoic acid Chemical compound C1=CC(C(=O)O)=CC=C1CN1CCNCCCNCCNCCC1 GMOGICAFJFPMNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000011380 pervious concrete Substances 0.000 claims description 86
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 43
- 229920003086 cellulose ether Polymers 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229920003088 hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000010979 hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical class [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- -1 carboxymethyl propyl Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002932 luster Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000001934 delay Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 45
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000003673 groundwater Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004134 energy conservation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007581 slurry coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004035 construction material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000009189 diving Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
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- G—PHYSICS
- G16—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SPECIFIC APPLICATION FIELDS
- G16C—COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY; CHEMOINFORMATICS; COMPUTATIONAL MATERIALS SCIENCE
- G16C60/00—Computational materials science, i.e. ICT specially adapted for investigating the physical or chemical properties of materials or phenomena associated with their design, synthesis, processing, characterisation or utilisation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/00241—Physical properties of the materials not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
- C04B2111/00284—Materials permeable to liquids
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/00241—Physical properties of the materials not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
- C04B2111/00362—Friction materials, e.g. used as brake linings, anti-skid materials
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/00474—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
- C04B2111/0075—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00 for road construction
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/52—Sound-insulating materials
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2201/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values
- C04B2201/50—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for the mechanical strength
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method and application of high-performance water-permeable concrete, wherein the preparation method comprises the following specific steps: (1) determining water permeability concrete mechanics; (2) compressive strength F according to water-permeable concreteCSelecting the matrix strength fCAnd total area C of slurry in contact areaTPA(ii) a (3) According to the permeability coefficient K of the permeable concrete15Calculating the number N of contact points, and further determining the average particle size of the aggregate; (4) calculating the average slurry area WT of the contact area according to the total slurry area CTPA of the contact area and the number N of the contact points; (5) determining the thickness TPT of a target slurry wrapping layer according to the thickness T of the slurry among the aggregates, and further calculating the ratio of the slurry/the aggregates: VP/VA; (6) based on the strength fc of the matrix,and selecting the water-cement ratio of the cement paste. The invention has the advantages of prolonging the service life of the pavement, reducing the maintenance cost of the pavement and enriching the construction effect of the base course.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of preparation of pavement construction materials, and particularly relates to a preparation method of high-performance water-permeable concrete and application of the high-performance water-permeable concrete in a road base layer of a section rich in underground water.
Background
With the rapid development of high-grade highway construction in China, the highway construction in mountainous areas is more and more common, the structural design is strived to be innovative, and the geological and hydrological conditions are more and more complex, for example, a super-long tunnel or an excavated roadbed water-rich section has better underground water connectivity, the underground water level is high, the surface of a leveling layer, an inverted arch or a road groove is in a wet state for a long time, even in a bright water flowing state, and the constructed road surface mostly has the problems of water damage, serious diseases and durability in different degrees. The water in the pores and cracks of the rock or the soil layer, including upper layer stagnant water, diving and interlayer water, has the harm degree to reduce the strength and the durability of the pavement structure layer, and even influences the skid resistance and the wear resistance of the pavement.
At present, the road surface base course still adopts concrete base course and the mode that sets up the blind ditch at the bottom of the tunnel more like the tunnel, because of ordinary concrete is a waterproof construction, and concrete base course pours the back, and groundwater is easy to emerge through the construction joint, influences the concrete panel construction, and under the higher condition of groundwater level, groundwater will permeate the pitch surface course, causes the water damage and the durability reduction of pitch surface course. However, the water permeability and strength of the conventional water permeable concrete cannot be considered, and the conventional water permeable concrete has low mechanical properties and cannot meet the strength required by the base layer. Therefore, the existing water-permeable concrete has the problems that the construction of a pavement structure layer is influenced by water seepage of the underground water of a base layer, the concrete is additionally paved in a blind ditch mode, the paving area is large, the paving thickness is too thick, time and labor are wasted, the integrity of a concrete panel is influenced, the blind ditch is easy to block and damage in the construction process, the drainage performance is reduced, the underground water is upwards permeated, the concrete is not suitable for highway pavement engineering with large water inflow and large traffic load, and the common water-permeable concrete cannot meet the requirements of the pavement base layer on strength and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above problems, the present invention aims to provide a concrete with mechanical and water permeability properties applied to a pavement base structure, and a preparation method and an application of the high-performance water-permeable concrete with 28d compressive strength of more than 20MPa and effective porosity of 20 ± 3% are achieved, so that the service life of a pavement is prolonged, the maintenance cost of the pavement is reduced, and the construction effect of the base is enriched.
In order to achieve the aim, the invention provides a preparation method of high-performance water-permeable concrete, which comprises the following specific steps:
(1) determination of compressive strength F of water-permeable concrete mechanicsCAnd coefficient of permeability K15；
(2) Compressive strength F according to water-permeable concreteCSelecting the matrix strength fCAnd total area C of slurry in contact areaTPA；
(3) According to the permeability coefficient K of the permeable concrete15Calculating the number N of contact points, and further determining the average particle size of the aggregate;
(4) calculating the average slurry area WT of the contact area according to the total slurry area CTPA of the contact area and the number N of the contact points; determining the thickness T of the slurry among the aggregates based on the relation between the thickness T and the target slurry wrapping layer TPT, the relation between the thickness W and the average particle size of TPT and the aggregate; w is the width of an aggregate contact area, and T is the thickness of slurry among aggregates;
(5) determining the thickness TPT of a target slurry wrapping layer according to the thickness T of the slurry among the aggregates, and further calculating the ratio of the slurry/the aggregates: vP/VA；
(6) Selecting the water-cement ratio of the cement paste based on the matrix strength fc; determining the admixture doping amount according to the thickness TPT of the slurry wrapping layer, ensuring that the maximum wrapping layer thickness MPCT is greater than TPT, and finally determining the composition of the water-permeable concrete slurry.
In some embodiments, steps (2) and (3) determine the relationship between the water permeable concrete skeleton structure and the mechanical properties; determining the relation between the structural parameters of the water permeable concrete skeleton; and (6) determining the relation between the rheological property of the cement paste and the MPCT.
In some embodiments, the framework structure and the pervious concrete compressive strength FCThe relationship of (1):
Fc＝(φ′dfc-ψ′d)ln(CTPA-0.0573)
phi 'in the formula'd、ψ′dIs a constant and is related to the strength of the matrix in the age;
in the same way, the parameters of the skeleton structure and the water permeability coefficient K15The relationship of (c) can be described as:
in the above formula P0Mainly depending on the aggregate bulk porosity, alpha and CTPARelated to the proportion of the total area of the planar slurry.
In some embodiments, in order to ensure the accuracy and repeatability of the high-performance water permeability concrete mix proportion design method, the framework structure parameter design method must be modified according to the aggregate particle shape. Therefore, the deviation of the actual aggregate used in the engineering is considered, the framework structure changes, indexes such as water permeability coefficient and compressive strength are influenced, the applicability and the reliability of the design method are reduced, and the sphericity of the aggregate is corrected.
In some embodiments, after determining the mechanical property and the water permeability of the water permeable concrete, the aggregate is subjected to a design method according to the mix proportion of the structural parameters of the water permeable concrete skeleton to obtain the matrix strength fc, the total slurry area CTPA of the contact region and the number N of contact points, and then the thickness T of the slurry among the aggregates and the width W of the contact region are determined; and then, correcting the skeleton structure parameters according to the particle size of the aggregate to obtain a corrected contact pointThe number N, the width W of the contact area and the thickness T of the slurry among the aggregates, the thickness TPT of the target wrapping layer is determined through the number T, and the proportion V of the slurry and the aggregates is calculatedP/VA. At the maximum wrapping layer thickness MPCT of slurry>And determining the mixing proportion of the water-permeable concrete on the premise of TPT.
In some embodiments, the stability of the water-permeable concrete slurry is improved, the setting time of the cement slurry is delayed, and the paving time of the water-permeable concrete is prolonged by adding cellulose ether into the water-permeable concrete slurry. Therefore, the working performance of the pervious concrete needs to be considered in the practical engineering application, the stability of the cement slurry wrapped in the aggregate along with the change of time is improved, the mechanical property and the water permeability of the pervious concrete in the practical application process are ensured, the rheological property of the pervious concrete is regulated and controlled by adding two groups of cellulose ethers with different doping amounts, the slurry consistency is increased, and a larger target slurry wrapping layer (TPT) is obtained. The cellulose ether improves the water-permeable concrete slurry flowing and blocking hole, and ensures the water permeability. Through observation after the pervious concrete is mixed with the cellulose ether, the state of the pervious concrete after standing for 80min is improved by about 20 percent when the mixing amount is 1.2 per mill compared with the state without the cellulose ether. The working performance of the pervious concrete is regulated and controlled by adding the cellulose ether, the condition that slurry of the pervious concrete flows and blocks holes is improved, the strength of the concrete after standing for 80min and 120min is improved, and the method is favorable for long-distance and large-scale construction on site
Another object is to provide a high-performance water-permeable concrete, wherein the concrete comprises 10-20mm aggregate particles and 1650 kg-m-3Aggregate, 0-2 per mill HPMC, 388.9kg m-372.5kg · m of cement-37.154kg m of water-3And 0-0.778kg m of water reducing agent-3HPMC of (4). Therefore, the water-permeable concrete obtains an engineering structure with a certain porosity and has the effects of water drainage, water seepage, sound absorption, skid resistance, noise reduction and the like. The 7d compressive strength of the pervious concrete is improved along with the increase of the thickness (TPT) of the slurry coating layer, and the water permeability coefficient and the effective porosity are both reduced along with the increase of the (TPT). The pervious concrete eliminates the sand used as raw material, which is beneficial to resource saving and environmentAnd (4) protecting. The water-permeable concrete pavement base has good water permeability, bearing capacity and freeze-thaw resistance.
In some embodiments, the HPMC is incorporated at 0% o, or 1.2% o, or 2% o; the HPMC is 0 or 0.467 kg.m-3Or 0.778kg m-3。
Another purpose is to provide a process flow of high-performance water-permeable concrete, wherein the specific steps are as follows:
(1) selecting and preparing raw materials, wherein the cement is ordinary 425 cement; the aggregate has a particle size range of 10-20mm, the admixture is preferably a high-performance water reducing agent, and the water reducing rate of the water reducing agent is preferably more than 30%; adopting cellulose ether as a retarder and a thickener, wherein the viscosity of the carboxymethyl propyl cellulose ether is 400 mPas;
(2) testing the sphericity of the aggregate, and correcting the structural parameters of the skeleton of the mix proportion; considering the deviation of the actual aggregate used in the engineering and the change of the skeleton structure, the indexes such as the water permeability coefficient, the compressive strength and the like are influenced, the applicability and the reliability of the design method are reduced, and the method provides the correction of the sphericity of the aggregate
(3) Adding cellulose ether;
(4) testing the yield stress and apparent viscosity of the slurry, and determining the slurry expansion degree and rheological property;
(5) preparing a permeable concrete test piece: mixing the raw materials, molding the test piece, and maintaining the test piece. Therefore, the porous characteristics of the pervious concrete are fully exerted through the construction processes of paving, rolling, maintaining and the like on the pervious concrete on the bottom water-rich section, bottom water is drained to the side type blind ditches on two sides, the surface of the base layer is kept dry, the construction quality of the upper pavement is guaranteed, meanwhile, the construction procedures of the bottom blind ditches can be reduced, and the construction progress is accelerated
Another purpose is to provide an application of the high-performance water-permeable concrete, wherein, the concrete steps are as follows:
(1) controlling the elevation and the width of the base layer, and drawing a steel wire on the leveling layer to ensure that the loose coefficient of the pervious concrete is controlled between 1.1 and 1.15; using 16# channel steel as a shaping side template, wherein the top surface of the template is the base layer elevation of the position, and strictly controlling the paving elevation of the template; the template needs to be firmly installed, the joint is tight and smooth, and the phenomena of gap, front and back alternate stubbles, high and low alternate platforms and the like cannot occur; the roadbed surface is dry, the pervious concrete is hard concrete, and the ground is watered to preserve moisture;
(2) selecting raw materials meeting the requirements, strictly controlling the quality, and reducing the water content of the aggregate as far as possible before construction, so that the water-cement ratio of the concrete can be well controlled, and meanwhile, the feeding and metering are accurately carried out strictly according to the construction mixing ratio;
(3) the mixing station adopts a construction step-by-step feeding method, and the mixing preparation process of the pervious concrete is longer than that of common concrete; in the state of freshly mixed pervious concrete, the surface of the gravel is coated with cement slurry with metallic luster, the cement slurry can be drawn, has stronger viscosity, and the slurry on the surface of the gravel cannot flow down and is just coated on the surface of the gravel;
(4) in order to ensure that the pressure is close to the pressure in the actual paving process, the preparation of the pervious concrete test piece is divided into two layers of pervious concrete test pieces with the forming sizes of 100mm multiplied by 100mm and 150mm multiplied by 150mm, the surface of the pervious concrete is smoothed and the gap is filled, and 0.5MPa forming pressure is applied to stabilize the pressure for 50 s; demoulding, maintaining in an environment with the temperature of 20 +/-1 ℃ and the relative humidity of more than 90% for 24 hours, and maintaining in saturated lime water after demoulding;
(5) from the on-site discharging to the paving site, controlling the waiting time to be 15-40min according to the loading amount of the transport vehicle, and covering with tarpaulin on the truck after the loading is finished to avoid the water loss of the pervious concrete; in the construction and transportation process, the construction site is controlled to be reached within 15min as far as possible, and the construction site waits in a tunnel to avoid direct solar radiation and ensure the working performance and the construction continuity of the pervious concrete;
(6) the construction weather condition should be considered in the paving process of the pervious concrete, so that the hardening of the concrete caused by a high-temperature environment is avoided; after the pervious concrete reaches a construction site through a transport vehicle, unloading the pervious concrete by the transport vehicle and pouring the pervious concrete into a feeding hole of a paver, conveying the pervious concrete raw material to a spiral distributor by a scraper plate of the paver, spreading the mixture in the full-width direction by the spiral distributor, and adopting medium power by a tamping hammer of the paver; the advancing speed of the paver is 1 m/min; in order to ensure the paving continuity, the speed of the paver can be adjusted according to the state of the pervious concrete;
(7) compacting the paved road surface by a compaction hammer, and rolling for 1-2 times by using a road roller with the linear pressure of about 15 kg/cm;
(8) after the pervious concrete is paved, curing and laminating the film immediately, and pressing the edge of the film by using a sand bag to prevent the surface moisture from evaporating too fast; the mixture is opened after being watered and cured for 28 days.
The invention has the beneficial effects that the high-performance pervious concrete with the 28d compressive strength of more than 20MPa and the effective porosity of 20 +/-3% is provided, the high-strength and high-permeability performance are considered, and the high-performance pervious concrete can be used as a base layer (such as a tunnel drainage layer) to play the bearing capacity of the base layer and play a role in drainage. To a certain extent, the construction of the roadbed drainage layer is simplified, the service life of the pavement is prolonged, and the pavement maintenance cost is reduced. From the current development trend, the proportion of the pervious concrete applied to engineering is getting larger and larger. With the continuous improvement of the quality and the performance of the pervious concrete, the application field of the pervious concrete must be further expanded, which has great significance for the future social energy conservation and emission reduction development. The water-permeable roadbed drainage layer has the advantages of taking mechanical and water permeability into consideration, simplifying construction of the roadbed drainage layer, prolonging service life of the road surface, reducing maintenance cost of the road surface, enriching basic construction technology and having wide popularization value.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a skeleton structure of the pervious concrete of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of the high performance pervious concrete mix proportion design of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
A preparation method of high-performance water-permeable concrete comprises the following specific steps: (1) determination of compressive strength F of water-permeable concrete mechanicsCAnd coefficient of permeability K15(ii) a (2) Compressive strength F according to water-permeable concreteCSelecting the matrix strength fCAnd total area C of slurry in contact areaTPA(ii) a (3) According to the permeability coefficient K of the permeable concrete15Calculating the number N of contact points, and further determining the average particle size of the aggregate; (4) calculating the average slurry area WT of the contact area according to the total slurry area CTPA of the contact area and the number N of the contact points; determining the thickness T of the slurry among the aggregates based on the relation between the thickness T and the target slurry wrapping layer TPT, the relation between the thickness W and the average particle size of TPT and the aggregate; w is the width of an aggregate contact area, and T is the thickness of slurry among aggregates; (5) determining the thickness TPT of a target slurry wrapping layer according to the thickness T of the slurry among the aggregates, and further calculating the ratio of the slurry/the aggregates: vP/VA(ii) a (6) Selecting the water-cement ratio of the cement paste based on the matrix strength fc; determining the admixture mixing amount according to the thickness TPT of the slurry wrapping layer, and ensuring the maximum wrapping layer thickness MPCT>TPT, and finally determining the composition of the water-permeable concrete slurry. In some embodiments, steps (2) and (3) determine the relationship between the water permeable concrete skeleton structure and the mechanical properties; determining the relation between the structural parameters of the water permeable concrete skeleton; and (6) determining the relation between the rheological property of the cement paste and the MPCT. Framework structure and compressive strength F of pervious concreteCThe relationship of (1):
Fc＝(φ′dfc-ψ′d)ln(CTPA-0.0573)
phi 'in the formula'd、ψ′dIs a constant and is related to the strength of the matrix in the age;
in the same way, the parameters of the skeleton structure and the water permeability coefficient K15The relationship of (c) can be described as:
in the above formula P0Mainly depending on the aggregate bulk porosity, alpha and CTPARelated to the proportion of the total area of the planar slurry.
In order to ensure the accuracy and repeatability of the design method of the mix proportion of the high-performance water-permeable concrete, the design method of the parameters of the framework structure must be corrected according to the particle shape of the aggregate. Therefore, the variation of the actual aggregate used in the engineering is considered, the framework structure is changed, and the influence is takenIndexes such as water permeability coefficient, compressive strength and the like are reduced, and the applicability and reliability of the design method are reduced, so that the sphericity of the aggregate is corrected. Aiming at the aggregates, after determining the mechanical property and the water permeability of the water permeable concrete, obtaining the matrix strength fc, the total slurry area CTPA of a contact area and the number N of contact points according to a mix proportion design method of the structural parameters of the water permeable concrete framework, and then determining the thickness T of the slurry among the aggregates and the width W of the contact area; and then, correcting the parameters of the skeleton structure according to the particle size of the aggregate to obtain the number N of contact points, the width W of the contact points and the thickness T of slurry among the aggregates after correction, further determining the thickness TPT of a target wrapping layer through the T, and calculating the ratio V of the slurry to the aggregateP/VA. At the maximum wrapping layer thickness MPCT of slurry>And determining the mixing proportion of the water-permeable concrete on the premise of TPT. The cellulose ether is added into the water-permeable concrete slurry, so that the stability of the water-permeable concrete slurry is improved, the setting time of the cement slurry is delayed, and the paving time of the water-permeable concrete is prolonged. Therefore, the working performance of the pervious concrete needs to be considered in the practical engineering application, the stability of the cement slurry wrapped in the aggregate along with the change of time is improved, the mechanical property and the water permeability of the pervious concrete in the practical application process are ensured, the rheological property of the pervious concrete is regulated and controlled by adding two groups of cellulose ethers with different doping amounts, the slurry consistency is increased, and a larger target slurry wrapping layer (TPT) is obtained. The cellulose ether improves the water-permeable concrete slurry flowing and blocking hole, and ensures the water permeability. Through observation after the pervious concrete is mixed with the cellulose ether, the state of the pervious concrete after standing for 80min is improved by about 20 percent when the mixing amount is 1.2 per mill compared with the state without the cellulose ether. The working performance of the pervious concrete is regulated and controlled by adding the cellulose ether, the condition that slurry of the pervious concrete flows and blocks holes is improved, the strength of the concrete after standing for 80min and 120min is improved, and the method is favorable for long-distance and large-scale construction on site.
As shown in FIG. 1, a high-performance water-permeable concrete comprises 10-20mm aggregate particles and 1650 kg-m-3Aggregate, 0-2 per mill HPMC, 388.9kg m-372.5kg · m of cement-37.154kg m of water-3And 0-0.778kg m of water reducing agent-3HPMC of (4). Therefore, the water-permeable concrete obtains an engineering structure with a certain porosity and has the effects of water drainage, water seepage, sound absorption, skid resistance, noise reduction and the like. The 7d compressive strength of the pervious concrete is improved along with the increase of the thickness (TPT) of the slurry coating layer, and the water permeability coefficient and the effective porosity are both reduced along with the increase of the (TPT). The pervious concrete eliminates the sand used as raw material, which is beneficial to resource saving and environmental protection. The water-permeable concrete pavement base has good water permeability, bearing capacity and freeze-thaw resistance. The HPMC is added in an amount of 0 per mill, 1.2 per mill or 2 per mill; the HPMC is 0 or 0.467 kg.m-3Or 0.778kg m-3。
As shown in fig. 2, a process flow of high-performance water-permeable concrete comprises the following specific steps:
(1) selecting and preparing raw materials, wherein the cement is ordinary 425 cement; the aggregate has a particle size range of 10-20mm, the admixture is preferably a high-performance water reducing agent, and the water reducing rate of the water reducing agent is preferably more than 30%; adopting cellulose ether as a retarder and a thickener, wherein the viscosity of the carboxymethyl propyl cellulose ether is 400 mPas; (2) testing the sphericity of the aggregate, and correcting the structural parameters of the skeleton of the mix proportion; the deviation of the actual aggregate used in the engineering is considered, the framework structure changes, the indexes such as the water permeability coefficient, the compressive strength and the like are influenced, the applicability and the reliability of the design method are reduced, and therefore the sphericity of the aggregate is corrected.
(3) Adding cellulose ether; (4) testing the yield stress and apparent viscosity of the slurry, and determining the slurry expansion degree and rheological property; (5) preparing a permeable concrete test piece: mixing the raw materials, molding the test piece, and maintaining the test piece. Therefore, the construction processes of paving, rolling, maintaining and the like are carried out on the pervious concrete on the bottom water-rich section, the porous characteristic of the pervious concrete is fully exerted, bottom water is drained to the side type blind ditches on the two sides, the surface of the base layer is kept dry, the construction quality of the upper pavement is guaranteed, meanwhile, the construction process of the bottom blind ditch can be reduced, and the construction progress is accelerated.
The application of the high-performance pervious concrete comprises the following specific steps of (1) controlling the elevation and the width of a base layer, and drawing steel wires on a leveling layer to ensure that the loose coefficient of the pervious concrete is controlled to be 1.1-1.15; using 16# channel steel as a shaping side template, wherein the top surface of the template is the base layer elevation of the position, and strictly controlling the paving elevation of the template; the template needs to be firmly installed, the joint is tight and smooth, and the phenomena of gap, front and back alternate stubbles, high and low alternate platforms and the like cannot occur; the roadbed surface is dry, the pervious concrete is hard concrete, and the ground is watered to preserve moisture; (2) selecting raw materials meeting the requirements, strictly controlling the quality, and reducing the water content of the aggregate as far as possible before construction, so that the water-cement ratio of the concrete can be well controlled, and meanwhile, the feeding and metering are accurately carried out strictly according to the construction mixing ratio; (3) the mixing station adopts a construction step-by-step feeding method, and the mixing preparation process of the pervious concrete is longer than that of common concrete; in the state of freshly mixed pervious concrete, the surface of the gravel is coated with cement slurry with metallic luster, the cement slurry can be drawn, has stronger viscosity, and the slurry on the surface of the gravel cannot flow down and is just coated on the surface of the gravel; (4) in order to ensure that the pressure is close to the pressure in the actual paving process, the preparation of the pervious concrete test piece is divided into two layers of pervious concrete test pieces with the forming sizes of 100mm multiplied by 100mm and 150mm multiplied by 150mm, the surface of the pervious concrete is smoothed and the gap is filled, and 0.5MPa forming pressure is applied to stabilize the pressure for 50 s; demoulding, maintaining in an environment with the temperature of 20 +/-1 ℃ and the relative humidity of more than 90% for 24 hours, and maintaining in saturated lime water after demoulding; (5) from the on-site discharging to the paving site, controlling the waiting time to be 15-40min according to the loading amount of the transport vehicle, and covering with tarpaulin on the truck after the loading is finished to avoid the water loss of the pervious concrete; in the construction and transportation process, the construction site is controlled to be reached within 15min as far as possible, and the construction site waits in a tunnel to avoid direct solar radiation and ensure the working performance and the construction continuity of the pervious concrete; (6) the construction weather condition should be considered in the paving process of the pervious concrete, so that the hardening of the concrete caused by a high-temperature environment is avoided; after the pervious concrete reaches a construction site through a transport vehicle, unloading the pervious concrete by the transport vehicle and pouring the pervious concrete into a feeding hole of a paver, conveying the pervious concrete raw material to a spiral distributor by a scraper plate of the paver, spreading the mixture in the full-width direction by the spiral distributor, and adopting medium power by a tamping hammer of the paver; the advancing speed of the paver is 1 m/min; in order to ensure the paving continuity, the speed of the paver can be adjusted according to the state of the pervious concrete; (7) compacting the paved road surface by a compaction hammer, and rolling for 1-2 times by using a road roller with the linear pressure of about 15 kg/cm; (8) after the pervious concrete is paved, curing and laminating the film immediately, and pressing the edge of the film by using a sand bag to prevent the surface moisture from evaporating too fast; the mixture is opened after being watered and cured for 28 days.
The high-performance pervious concrete with the 28d compressive strength of more than 20MPa and the effective porosity of 20 +/-3 percent has high strength and high water permeability, and can be used as a base layer (such as a tunnel drainage layer) to play the bearing capacity of the base layer and play a role in drainage. To a certain extent, the construction of the roadbed drainage layer is simplified, the service life of the pavement is prolonged, and the pavement maintenance cost is reduced. From the current development trend, the proportion of the pervious concrete applied to engineering is getting larger and larger. With the continuous improvement of the quality and the performance of the pervious concrete, the application field of the pervious concrete must be further expanded, which has great significance for the future social energy conservation and emission reduction development. The water-permeable roadbed drainage layer has the advantages of taking mechanical and water permeability into consideration, simplifying construction of the roadbed drainage layer, prolonging service life of the road surface, reducing maintenance cost of the road surface, enriching basic construction technology and having wide popularization value.
What has been described above are merely some embodiments of the present invention. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept herein, and it is intended to cover all such modifications and variations as fall within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A preparation method of high-performance water-permeable concrete comprises the following specific steps:
(1) determination of compressive strength F of water-permeable concrete mechanicsCAnd coefficient of permeability K15；
(2) Compressive strength F according to water-permeable concreteCSelecting the matrix strength fCAnd total area C of slurry in contact areaTPA；
(3) According to the permeability coefficient K of the permeable concrete15Calculating the number N of contact points, and further determining the average particle size of the aggregate;
(4) calculating the average slurry area WT of the contact area according to the total slurry area CTPA of the contact area and the number N of the contact points; determining the thickness T of the slurry among the aggregates based on the relation between the thickness T and the target slurry wrapping layer TPT, the relation between the thickness W and the average particle size of TPT and the aggregate; w is the width of an aggregate contact area, and T is the thickness of slurry among aggregates;
(5) determining the thickness TPT of a target slurry wrapping layer according to the thickness T of the slurry among the aggregates, and further calculating the ratio of the slurry/the aggregates: vP/VA；
(6) Selecting the water-cement ratio of the cement paste based on the matrix strength fc; determining the admixture doping amount according to the thickness TPT of the slurry wrapping layer, ensuring that the maximum wrapping layer thickness MPCT is greater than TPT, and finally determining the composition of the water-permeable concrete slurry.
2. The method for preparing high-performance water-permeable concrete according to claim 1,
determining the relation between the water permeability concrete framework structure and the mechanical property in the steps (2) and (3);
determining the relation between the structural parameters of the water permeable concrete skeleton;
and (6) determining the relation between the rheological property of the cement paste and the MPCT.
3. The method as claimed in claim 2, wherein the compressive strength F of the skeleton structure and the pervious concrete is the same as the compressive strength F of the pervious concreteCThe relationship of (1):
Fc＝(φ′dfc-ψ′d)ln(CTPA-0.0573)
phi 'in the formula'd、ψ′dIs a constant and is related to the strength of the matrix in the age;
in the same way, the parameters of the skeleton structure and the water permeability coefficient K15The relationship of (c) can be described as:
in the above formula P0Mainly depending on the aggregate bulk porosity, alpha and CTPARelated to the proportion of the total area of the planar slurry.
4. The method for preparing high-performance water-permeable concrete according to claim 1, wherein the design method of skeleton structure parameters must be modified according to the aggregate particle shape in order to ensure the accuracy and repeatability of the design method of the mix proportion of the high-performance water-permeable concrete.
5. The method for preparing the high-performance water permeable concrete according to claim 2, wherein after determining the mechanical property and the water permeability of the water permeable concrete, the matrix strength fc, the total slurry area CTPA of the contact area and the number N of the contact points are obtained according to a design method of the mix proportion of the structural parameters of the water permeable concrete framework aiming at the aggregates, and then the thickness T of the slurry among the aggregates and the width W of the contact area are determined;
then, correcting the skeleton structure parameters according to the aggregate particle size to obtain the corrected contact point number N, contact area width W and slurry thickness T among the aggregates, further determining the thickness TPT of a target wrapping layer through T, and calculating the ratio (VP/VA) of the slurry and the aggregates; and determining the mixing proportion of the water-permeable concrete on the premise of ensuring the maximum coating thickness MPCT > TPT of the slurry.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the addition of cellulose ether to the water permeable concrete slurry improves the stability of the water permeable concrete slurry, delays the setting time of the cement slurry, and prolongs the paving time of the water permeable concrete.
7. A high-performance water-permeable concrete, wherein the concrete comprises 10-20mm aggregate particles and 1650 kg.m-3Aggregate, 0-2 per mill HPMC, 388.9kg m-372.5kg · m of cement-37.154kg m of water-3And 0-0.778kg m of water reducing agent-3HPMC of (4).
8. The high-performance water permeable concrete according to claim 7, wherein the HPMC is added in an amount of 0% o or 1.2% o or 2% o; the HPMC is 0 or 0.467 kg.m-3Or 0.778kg m-3。
9. A process flow of high-performance water-permeable concrete comprises the following specific steps:
(1) selecting and preparing raw materials, wherein the cement is ordinary 425 cement; the aggregate has a particle size range of 10-20mm, the admixture is preferably a high-performance water reducing agent, and the water reducing rate of the water reducing agent is preferably more than 30%; adopting cellulose ether as a retarder and a thickener, wherein the viscosity of the carboxymethyl propyl cellulose ether is 400 mPas;
(2) testing the sphericity of the aggregate, and correcting the structural parameters of the skeleton of the mix proportion;
(3) adding cellulose ether;
(4) testing the yield stress and apparent viscosity of the slurry, and determining the slurry expansion degree and rheological property;
(5) preparing a permeable concrete test piece: mixing the raw materials, molding the test piece, and maintaining the test piece.
10. The application of the high-performance water-permeable concrete comprises the following specific steps:
(1) controlling the elevation and the width of the base layer, and drawing a steel wire on the leveling layer to ensure that the loose coefficient of the pervious concrete is controlled between 1.1 and 1.15; using 16# channel steel as a shaping side template, wherein the top surface of the template is the base layer elevation of the position, and strictly controlling the paving elevation of the template; the template needs to be firmly installed, the joint is tight and smooth, and the phenomena of gap, front and back alternate stubbles, high and low alternate platforms and the like cannot occur; the roadbed surface is dry, the pervious concrete is hard concrete, and the ground is watered to preserve moisture;
(2) selecting raw materials meeting the requirements, strictly controlling the quality, and reducing the water content of the aggregate as far as possible before construction, so that the water-cement ratio of the concrete can be well controlled, and meanwhile, the feeding and metering are accurately carried out strictly according to the construction mixing ratio;
(3) the mixing station adopts a construction step-by-step feeding method, and the mixing preparation process of the pervious concrete is longer than that of common concrete; in the state of freshly mixed pervious concrete, the surface of the gravel is coated with cement slurry with metallic luster, the cement slurry can be drawn, has stronger viscosity, and the slurry on the surface of the gravel cannot flow down and is just coated on the surface of the gravel;
(4) in order to ensure that the pressure is close to the pressure in the actual paving process, the preparation of the pervious concrete test piece is divided into two layers of pervious concrete test pieces with the forming sizes of 100mm multiplied by 100mm and 150mm multiplied by 150mm, the surface of the pervious concrete is smoothed and the gap is filled, and 0.5MPa forming pressure is applied to stabilize the pressure for 50 s; demoulding, maintaining in an environment with the temperature of 20 +/-1 ℃ and the relative humidity of more than 90% for 24 hours, and maintaining in saturated lime water after demoulding;
(5) from the on-site discharging to the paving site, controlling the waiting time to be 15-40min according to the loading amount of the transport vehicle, and covering with tarpaulin on the truck after the loading is finished to avoid the water loss of the pervious concrete; in the construction and transportation process, the construction site is controlled to be reached within 15min as far as possible, and the construction site waits in a tunnel to avoid direct solar radiation and ensure the working performance and the construction continuity of the pervious concrete;
(6) the construction weather condition should be considered in the paving process of the pervious concrete, so that the hardening of the concrete caused by a high-temperature environment is avoided; after the pervious concrete reaches a construction site through a transport vehicle, unloading the pervious concrete by the transport vehicle and pouring the pervious concrete into a feeding hole of a paver, conveying the pervious concrete raw material to a spiral distributor by a scraper plate of the paver, spreading the mixture in the full-width direction by the spiral distributor, and adopting medium power by a tamping hammer of the paver; the advancing speed of the paver is 1 m/min; in order to ensure the paving continuity, the speed of the paver can be adjusted according to the state of the pervious concrete;
(7) compacting the paved road surface by a compaction hammer, and rolling for 1-2 times by using a road roller with the linear pressure of about 15 kg/cm;
(8) after the pervious concrete is paved, curing and laminating the film immediately, and pressing the edge of the film by using a sand bag to prevent the surface moisture from evaporating too fast; the mixture is opened after being watered and cured for 28 days.
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