CN113922447A - Vehicle power supply circuit, equipment and car - Google Patents

Vehicle power supply circuit, equipment and car Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113922447A
CN113922447A CN202111180431.7A CN202111180431A CN113922447A CN 113922447 A CN113922447 A CN 113922447A CN 202111180431 A CN202111180431 A CN 202111180431A CN 113922447 A CN113922447 A CN 113922447A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
power supply
circuit
power
supply circuit
output
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
CN202111180431.7A
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Chinese (zh)
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CN113922447B (en
Inventor
王鹏
赵志伟
李常珞
牛尚冰
王肃阔
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Zhejiang Geely Holding Group Co Ltd
Weirui Electric Automobile Technology Ningbo Co Ltd
Zeekr Automobile Ningbo Hangzhou Bay New Area Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Zhejiang Geely Holding Group Co Ltd
Weirui Electric Automobile Technology Ningbo Co Ltd
Zeekr Automobile Ningbo Hangzhou Bay New Area Co Ltd
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Application filed by Zhejiang Geely Holding Group Co Ltd, Weirui Electric Automobile Technology Ningbo Co Ltd, Zeekr Automobile Ningbo Hangzhou Bay New Area Co Ltd filed Critical Zhejiang Geely Holding Group Co Ltd
Priority to CN202111180431.7A priority Critical patent/CN113922447B/en
Publication of CN113922447A publication Critical patent/CN113922447A/en
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Publication of CN113922447B publication Critical patent/CN113922447B/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0063—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with circuits adapted for supplying loads from the battery
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
    • B60L3/0092—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption with use of redundant elements for safety purposes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R16/00—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for
    • B60R16/02—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements
    • B60R16/03—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements for supply of electrical power to vehicle subsystems or for
    • B60R16/033—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements for supply of electrical power to vehicle subsystems or for characterised by the use of electrical cells or batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a vehicle power supply circuit, vehicle power supply equipment and an automobile, and relates to the technical field of automobile power supply systems. The vehicle power supply circuit comprises a power battery, a first power supply circuit, a second power supply circuit, a third power supply circuit and a first storage battery, wherein the input ends of the first power supply circuit, the first power supply circuit and the first power supply circuit are all connected with the output end of the power battery, and the output end of the first power supply circuit is connected with the first power supply end; the output end of the second power supply circuit is respectively connected with the first power supply end and the second power supply end; the output end of the third power supply circuit is respectively connected with the first power supply end, the second power supply end and the third power supply end; the output end of the first storage battery is connected with the first power supply end, the second power supply end and the third power supply end respectively. According to the invention, the output power supply of the power battery is converted to obtain a plurality of power supply sources, and then the power supply sources are combined with the storage battery to supply power to the low-voltage electrical appliance in the vehicle, so that the power failure of the low-voltage electrical appliance caused by abnormal power supply is avoided, and the safety of the vehicle is improved.

Description

Vehicle power supply circuit, equipment and car
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of automobile power systems, in particular to a vehicle power supply circuit, vehicle power supply equipment and an automobile.
Background
The power supply system of the new energy automobile is divided into a high-voltage power supply system and a low-voltage power supply system, wherein the power supply objects of the low-voltage power supply system mainly comprise vehicle-mounted low-voltage electric appliances, such as various controllers (a power management controller, a vehicle control unit, a motor controller and the like), instruments, a display, a communication module and the like. However, when the power supply of the low-voltage power supply system is abnormal, if the whole vehicle is in a condition that power supply is not allowed (such as in high-speed driving), each low-voltage electrical appliance in the vehicle is abnormally powered off, so that the vehicle has potential safety hazard.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to provide a vehicle power supply circuit, and aims to solve the technical problems that a power supply source of a vehicle low-voltage power supply system is abnormal and a vehicle is abnormally powered off in the prior art.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a vehicle power supply circuit, including:
a power battery;
the input end of the first power supply circuit is connected with the output end of the power battery, and the output end of the first power supply circuit is connected with the first power supply end;
the input end of the second power supply circuit is connected with the input end of the first power supply circuit, the output end of the second power supply circuit is respectively connected with the first power supply end and the second power supply end, and the output power of the second power supply circuit is greater than that of the first power supply circuit;
the input end of the third power supply circuit is connected with the input end of the second power supply circuit, the output end of the third power supply circuit is respectively connected with the first power supply end, the second power supply end and the third power supply end, and the output power of the third power supply circuit is greater than that of the second power supply circuit;
the output end of the first storage battery is connected with the first power supply end, the second power supply end and the third power supply end respectively, and the output power of the first storage battery is larger than that of the third power supply circuit.
Optionally, the first power supply circuit includes:
the input end of the flyback conversion circuit is connected with the output end of the power battery;
and the first end of the switching circuit is connected with the output end of the flyback conversion circuit, the second end of the switching circuit is connected with the first power supply end, and the third end of the switching circuit is connected with the second power supply end.
Optionally, the flyback converter circuit includes:
the primary coil of the transformer is connected with the output end of the power battery;
the power switch tube is arranged on a loop between the primary coil and the power battery and used for controlling the on-off of the loop;
and the input end of the output circuit is connected with the secondary coil of the transformer, and the output end of the output circuit is connected with the first end of the switching circuit.
Optionally, the switching circuit includes:
the anode of the first diode is connected with the output end of the flyback conversion circuit, and the cathode of the first diode is connected with the first power supply end;
and the anode of the second diode is connected with the output end of the second power supply circuit, and the cathode of the second diode is connected with the first power supply end.
Optionally, the switching circuit further includes:
the first switch is arranged between the anode of the first diode and the output end of the flyback conversion circuit;
and the second switch is arranged between the anode of the second diode and the output end of the second power supply circuit.
Optionally, the vehicle power supply circuit further comprises:
the third switch is arranged between the input end of the first power supply circuit and the input end of the second power supply circuit;
and the first switch driving circuit is connected with the first power supply end and is used for controlling the on-off of the third switch.
Optionally, the vehicle power supply circuit further comprises:
the fourth switch is arranged between the input end of the first power supply circuit and the input end of the third power supply circuit;
and the second switch driving circuit is connected with the first power supply end and is used for controlling the on-off of the fourth switch.
Optionally, the vehicle power supply circuit further comprises:
and the output end of the second storage battery is respectively connected with the first power supply end and the second power supply end, and the output power of the second storage battery is greater than that of the second power supply circuit.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention also provides a vehicle power supply apparatus including the vehicle power supply circuit as described above.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention further provides an automobile, which includes the above vehicle power supply device.
In the invention, the vehicle power supply circuit comprises a power battery, a first power supply circuit, a second power supply circuit, a third power supply circuit and a first storage battery, wherein the input end of the first power supply circuit is connected with the output end of the power battery, and the output end of the first power supply circuit is connected with a first power supply end; the input end of the second power supply circuit is connected with the input end of the first power supply circuit, and the output end of the second power supply circuit is respectively connected with the first power supply end and the second power supply end; the input end of the third power supply circuit is connected with the input end of the second power supply circuit, and the output end of the third power supply circuit is respectively connected with the first power supply end, the second power supply end and the third power supply end; the output end of the first storage battery is connected with the first power supply end, the second power supply end and the third power supply end respectively. According to the invention, a plurality of power supply sources are obtained by converting the output power source of the power battery; meanwhile, the storage battery is combined to supply power to each low-voltage electrical appliance in the vehicle, so that power failure of each low-voltage electrical appliance caused by abnormal power supply is avoided, and the safety of the vehicle is improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the structures shown in the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic circuit diagram of a first embodiment of a vehicle power supply circuit according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic circuit diagram of a second embodiment of the vehicle power supply circuit of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic circuit diagram of an embodiment of a switching circuit of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic circuit diagram of another embodiment of a switching circuit of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic circuit diagram of an embodiment of a flyback converter circuit of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic circuit diagram of a vehicle power supply circuit according to a third embodiment of the invention.
The reference numbers illustrate:
reference numerals Name (R) Reference numerals Name (R)
100 Power battery 900 First switch drive circuit
200 First power supply circuit 1000 Second switch driving circuit
2001 Flyback conversion circuit 1100 Second accumulator
2002 Switching circuit D1～D3 First to third diodes
300 A first power supply terminal K1～K4 First to fourth switches
400 Second power supply circuit T Transformer device
500 Second power supply terminal Q Power switch tube
600 Third power supply circuit C Capacitor with a capacitor element
700 Third power supply terminal R Resistance (RC)
800 First accumulator FU Fusing element
The implementation, functional features and advantages of the objects of the present invention will be further explained with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Detailed Description
It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that all the directional indicators (such as up, down, left, right, front, and rear … …) in the embodiment of the present invention are only used to explain the relative position relationship between the components, the movement situation, etc. in a specific posture (as shown in the drawing), and if the specific posture is changed, the directional indicator is changed accordingly.
In addition, the descriptions related to "first", "second", etc. in the present invention are for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In addition, the technical solutions in the embodiments may be combined with each other, but it must be based on the realization of those skilled in the art, and when the technical solutions are contradictory or cannot be realized, such a combination should be considered to be absent and not within the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a schematic circuit structure diagram of a first embodiment of a vehicle power supply circuit according to the present invention. The invention proposes a first embodiment of a vehicle supply circuit.
In a first embodiment, a vehicle power supply circuit includes:
a power battery 100; the input end of the first power supply circuit 200 is connected with the output end of the power battery 100, and the output end of the first power supply circuit 200 is connected with the first power supply end 300; the input end of the second power supply circuit 400 is connected with the input end of the first power supply circuit 200, the output end of the second power supply circuit 400 is respectively connected with the first power supply end 300 and the second power supply end 500, and the output power of the second power supply circuit 400 is greater than that of the first power supply circuit 200; an input end of the third power supply circuit 600 is connected with an input end of the second power supply circuit 004, an output end of the third power supply circuit 600 is respectively connected with the first power supply end 300, the second power supply end 500 and the third power supply end 700, and output power of the third power supply circuit 600 is greater than output power of the second power supply circuit 400; the output end of the first storage battery 800 is connected to the first power supply end 300, the second power supply end 500 and the third power supply end 700 respectively, and the output power of the first storage battery 800 is greater than the output power of the third power supply circuit 600.
It should be noted that the power battery 100 may be a main power supply of a vehicle, and is usually a high voltage dc power supply, and its power supply object may include an on-board air conditioner or a motor, and its voltage value may reach 300V or 400V. In a specific implementation, the power battery 100 may be composed of a plurality of power modules connected in series, and of course, other forms are also possible, which is not limited in this embodiment.
In the present embodiment, the first power supply terminal 300, the second power supply terminal 500 and the third power supply terminal 700 are used for supplying power to different vehicle-mounted low-voltage electrical appliances, such as various controllers (power management controller, vehicle control unit, motor controller, etc.), meters, displays, communication modules, and the like. Therefore, the voltages output by the first power supply circuit 200, the second power supply circuit 400, and the third power supply circuit 600 are all low voltages, such as 3V, 5V, or 12V.
In a specific implementation, each of the first power supply circuit 200, the second power supply circuit 400 and the third power supply circuit 600 may include a voltage reduction circuit, and the voltage reduction circuits are connected in parallel to respectively perform voltage reduction processing on the output power of the power battery 100 to obtain a low-voltage power. The input terminals of the first power supply circuit 200, the second power supply circuit 400, and the third power supply circuit 600 may be input sides of the voltage reduction circuit, and the output terminals of the first power supply circuit 200, the second power supply circuit 400, and the third power supply circuit 600 may be output sides of the voltage reduction circuit. Two connecting ends of the input side of the voltage reduction circuit are connected with the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the power battery to form a high-voltage loop, and two connecting ends of the output side of the voltage reduction circuit are connected with the first power supply end 300, the second power supply end 500 and/or the third power supply end 700 to form a low-voltage loop. The step-down circuit may be formed by a unidirectional step-down converter or a bidirectional step-up/step-down converter, which has a mature technology, and is not described herein again in this embodiment.
It can be understood that the low-voltage electric appliances in the vehicle are powered by multiple power supplies, so that the power failure of all the low-voltage electric appliances of the whole vehicle can be avoided when a certain power supply fails. Meanwhile, in order to meet the power consumption requirements of different low-voltage apparatuses, the output powers of the first power supply circuit 200, the second power supply circuit 400, and the third power supply circuit 600 may be different, and the output power may be the maximum output power. Therefore, the high-power electric device and the low-power electric device are distinguished and are respectively connected with different power supply ends, so that the design power of the power supply circuit can be reduced, and the cost is reduced.
In the present embodiment, first battery 800 mainly functions as a starter. Since each low-voltage device requires high power at the initial stage of starting, first battery 800 can supply high output power to start each low-voltage device. For example, if the maximum peak power of each low-voltage apparatus is 3kw, the maximum output power of first battery 800 is 3kw at the minimum, the output power of third power supply circuit 600 may be 1.5kw, the output power of second power supply circuit 400 may be 1kw, and the output power of first power supply circuit 200 may be 100 w. After each low-voltage apparatus is started, power can be supplied by using the first power supply circuit 200, the second power supply circuit 400 and/or the third power supply circuit 600 to maintain the operation state of each low-voltage apparatus. Thus, the design power of the first power supply circuit 200, the second power supply circuit 400, and the third power supply circuit 600 can be reduced, and the cost can be reduced. Meanwhile, when power fluctuation is generated in the operation process of each low-voltage electrical appliance to cause the power supply power to rise, the first storage battery 800 can be started to supply power, and the functions of caching and compensation are achieved.
It can be understood that, when the first battery 800 does not output power, the third power supply circuit 600 may also be controlled to supply power to the third power supply terminal 700 and simultaneously charge the first battery 800. In a specific implementation, the output control of the first battery 800 may be controlled by a power management module of the vehicle, and the embodiment is not limited herein.
In specific implementation, different power supply modes can be configured for the low-voltage apparatuses in order to ensure the stable operation of the low-voltage apparatuses in the vehicle. For example, the first power supply terminal 300 may be connected to critical electrical devices in the vehicle (e.g., a vehicle core controller, a power management module, etc.), the second power supply terminal 500 may be connected to safety-related electrical devices in the vehicle (e.g., various switches, etc.), and the third power supply terminal 700 may be connected to conventional electrical devices in the vehicle (e.g., a meter, a communication module, etc.). Therefore, the key electric devices in the vehicle can be powered by double power supplies, and the operation stability of the key electric devices is ensured. Of course, the power supply targets of the first power supply terminal 300, the second power supply terminal 500 and the third power supply terminal 700 may be set according to the user requirement, and the embodiment is not limited thereto.
It should be noted that, a control unit may be disposed between each of the first power supply end 300, the second power supply end 500, and the third power supply end 700 and each of the low-voltage apparatuses to control a communication state between each of the low-voltage apparatuses and the first power supply end 300, the second power supply end 500, or the third power supply end 700, so as to control power-on or power-off of each of the low-voltage apparatuses; wherein the driving of each control unit may be controlled by a vehicle core controller.
As an example, each low-voltage electrical device on the vehicle may be powered by the following control strategy: when the vehicle is started, the key electric devices in the vehicle are powered by the first power supply circuit 200 and the first storage battery 800 through the first power supply terminal 300. When the vehicle is started and enters a normal running state, all low-voltage electric devices of the vehicle are powered by the third power supply circuit 700 and/or the first storage battery 800 through the first power supply terminal 300, the second power supply terminal 500 and the third power supply terminal 700. If an abnormality occurs in the third power supply terminal 700 during driving, the second power supply circuit 400 and/or the first battery 800 supply power to the vehicle critical electrical components and the safety-related electrical components through the first power supply terminal 300 and the second power supply terminal 500. If the second power supply circuit 400 is also abnormal, the first power supply circuit 200 and/or the first storage battery 800 supplies power to the key electric devices in the vehicle through the first power supply terminal 300, so that power failure of the key electric devices is avoided, and safety of the vehicle is ensured. When the power battery is abnormal, the first battery 800 supplies power to all low-voltage devices of the vehicle. In the above process, the first storage battery 800 has a limited capacity, and especially has a serious capacity attenuation at low temperature, and cannot support the low-voltage apparatus to work for a long time, when the first storage battery 800 and the power supply circuit supply power together, the first storage battery 800 is an auxiliary power supply and is mainly used for compensating when the output power of each power supply circuit is insufficient, and each low-voltage apparatus is mainly provided with a low-voltage power supply by the corresponding power supply circuit.
It should be noted that the first power supply circuit 200 may also increase the low voltage power to the second power supply terminal 500 and the third power supply terminal 700, so as to supply power to safety-related and conventional electric devices. The second power supply circuit 400 may also boost the low voltage power to the third power supply terminal 700 to supply power to the conventional electric device. Because the output power of the first power supply circuit 200 is low, when a conventional electrical device is powered, some electrical devices may not work normally, and at this time, the high-power electrical device may be turned off to ensure that the output of the first power supply circuit 200 is stable.
In the first embodiment, the vehicle power supply circuit includes a power battery 100, a first power supply circuit 200, a second power supply circuit 400, a third power supply circuit 600 and a first storage battery 800, an input end of the first power supply circuit 200 is connected with an output end of the power battery 100, and an output end of the first power supply circuit 200 is connected with a first power supply end 300; the input end of the second power supply circuit 400 is connected with the input end of the first power supply circuit 200, and the output end of the second power supply circuit 400 is respectively connected with the first power supply end 300 and the second power supply end 500; the input end of the third power supply circuit 600 is connected with the input end of the second power supply circuit 004, and the output end of the third power supply circuit 600 is respectively connected with the first power supply end 300, the second power supply end 500 and the third power supply end 700; the output terminal of the first battery 800 is connected to the first power supply terminal 300, the second power supply terminal 500, and the third power supply terminal 700, respectively. In the present embodiment, a plurality of power supplies are obtained by converting the output power of the power battery 100; meanwhile, the first storage battery 800 is combined to supply power to the low-voltage appliances in the vehicle, so that power failure of the low-voltage appliances caused by abnormal power supply is avoided, and the safety of the vehicle is improved.
Referring to fig. 2, fig. 2 is a schematic circuit structure diagram of a vehicle power supply circuit according to a second embodiment of the present invention. Based on the first embodiment described above, the present invention proposes a second embodiment of the vehicle power supply circuit.
In the second embodiment, the first power supply circuit 200 includes: the flyback converter circuit 2001, wherein the input end of the flyback converter circuit 2001 is connected with the output end of the power battery 100; a first end of the switching circuit 2002 is connected to an output end of the flyback converter circuit 2001, a second end of the switching circuit 2002 is connected to the first power supply end 300, and a third end of the switching circuit 2002 is connected to the second power supply end 500.
It should be noted that the flyback converter circuit 2001 may include a flyback transformer, and the output side thereof outputs power when the input side is disconnected from the power supply. In a specific implementation, two connections at the input side of the flyback transformer are connected with the positive and negative electrodes of the power battery 100 to form a high-voltage loop, and two connections at the output side of the flyback transformer are connected with the switching circuit 2002 to form a low-voltage loop. The output power of the flyback converter circuit 2001 is usually low, for example, about 100w, and the specific value of the output voltage can be set according to the requirement, which is not limited in this embodiment.
In the present embodiment, the switching circuit 2002 is configured to select each input voltage and output the selected input voltage. In the present embodiment, first power feeding terminal 300 may receive output power of first power feeding circuit 200, second power feeding circuit 400, third power feeding circuit 600, or first battery 800. Therefore, the switching circuit 2002 can be used to switch the output power sources to facilitate the selection of the power source. The switching circuit 2002 may be connected to an input terminal of the second power supply terminal 500 and/or the third power supply terminal 700, so as to receive an output power of the second power supply circuit 400, the third power supply circuit 600, or the first battery 800.
Referring to fig. 3, fig. 3 is a schematic circuit diagram of a switching circuit according to an embodiment of the invention. As shown in fig. 3, the switching circuit 2002 may include: a first diode D1, an anode of the first diode D1 is connected to the output terminal of the flyback converter circuit 2001, and a cathode of the first diode D1 is connected to the first power supply terminal 300; and a second diode D2, an anode of the second diode D2 is connected to the output terminal of the input terminal of the second power supply terminal 500 and/or the third power supply terminal 700, and a cathode of the second diode D2 is connected to the first power supply terminal 300.
It should be noted that the power source connected to the input end of the second power supply terminal 500 may be the output power source of the second power supply circuit 400 and/or the output power source of the first storage battery 800, and therefore the power source connected to the anode of the second diode D2 may also be the output power source of the second power supply circuit 400 and/or the output power source of the first storage battery 800. The power source connected to the input terminal of the third power supply terminal 700 may be the output power source of the third power supply circuit 600 and/or the output power source of the first battery 800, and therefore, the power source connected to the anode of the second diode D2 may also be the output power source of the third power supply circuit 600 and/or the output power source of the first battery 800. In this embodiment, the switching circuit 2002 may combine the flyback converter circuit 2001 with the power received by the input power of the second power supply terminal 500 and/or the input power of the third power supply terminal 700, and then transmit the combined power to the first power supply terminal 300.
It should be noted that, in order to control the power accessed by the second power supply terminal 500 and/or the third power supply terminal 700, the switching circuit 2002 may further add an access loop, where the access loop is also composed of a diode, and the direction of the diode is the same as that of the second diode D2, so that the diode and the second diode D2 are used to access the power accessed by the second power supply terminal 500 and the third power supply terminal 700, respectively. Meanwhile, in order to control the power accessed by the second power supply terminal 500, a switching circuit may also be disposed between the second power supply terminal 500 and the second power supply circuit 400, and an input end of the switching circuit is connected to an output end of the second power supply circuit 400 and an input end of the third power supply terminal, and the specific structure may refer to the foregoing.
Referring to fig. 4, fig. 4 is a schematic circuit diagram of another embodiment of the switching circuit of the present invention. As shown in fig. 4, in this embodiment, a switch is added to fig. 3, and specifically, the switching circuit 2002 may further include: a first switch K1 disposed between the anode of the first diode D1 and the output terminal of the flyback converter circuit 2001; the second switch K2 is disposed between the anode of the second diode D2 and the output terminal of the second power supply circuit 400.
It should be noted that the first switch K1 and the second switch K2 may be controlled by a power management module, and the first switch K1 and the second switch K2 may be relays or the like. In a specific implementation, the first switch K1 and the second switch K2 are controlled separately, thereby realizing simultaneous output or single output. When the first switch K1 is closed, the first power supply terminal 300 receives the low-voltage power supply output by the first power supply circuit 200; when the second switch K2 is closed, the first power supply terminal 300 receives the low-voltage power supply connected to the second power supply terminal 500 and the third power supply terminal 700. Or the first switch K1 and the second switch K2 are mutually exclusive switches, and only one switch of the two switches is in a closed state at the same time, so that the outputs are interlocked.
It should be noted that, in order to ensure the power supply of the low-voltage apparatus as much as possible, the first power supply circuit 200 may also provide power to the second power supply terminal 500. In a specific implementation, a diode opposite to the second diode D2 may be further disposed between the input terminal of the first power supply terminal 300 and the second power supply terminal 500, an anode of the diode is connected to the first power supply terminal 300, and a cathode of the diode is connected to the second power supply terminal 500; meanwhile, a switch which is mutually exclusive with the second switch K2 is also arranged between the cathode of the diode and the second power supply end 500, and only one of the switch and the second switch K2 can be in a closed state at the same time. Accordingly, the switching circuit between the second power supply terminal 500 and the second power supply circuit 400 can also refer to this arrangement.
Referring to fig. 5, fig. 5 is a schematic circuit diagram of a flyback converter circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 5, the flyback converter 2001 circuit includes: a primary coil of the transformer T is connected with the output end of the power battery 100; the power switch tube Q is arranged on a loop between the primary coil and the power battery 100 and used for controlling the on-off of the loop; and an output circuit, an input end of which is connected with the secondary coil of the transformer T, and an output end of which is connected with a first end of the switching circuit 2002.
It should be noted that the transformer T is a flyback transformer, and the power switch Q may be an MOS (Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor, field effect) transistor. One side of a primary coil of the transformer T is connected with the positive electrode of the power battery 100, the other side of the primary coil of the transformer T is connected with the drain electrode of the power switch tube Q, the source electrode of the power switch tube Q is connected with the negative electrode of the power battery 100, and the grid electrode of the power switch tube Q is connected with the driving circuit. The driving circuit is configured to control on/off of the power switch Q, so as to adjust output of the transformer T, and the driving of the transformer T and the power switch Q has a mature technology, which is not described herein again in this embodiment.
In this embodiment, the output circuit may include a third diode D3, a capacitor C and a resistor R, the capacitor C and the resistor R are connected in parallel to two sides of the secondary winding of the transformer T, the anode of the third diode D3 is connected to one side of the secondary winding of the transformer T, the cathode of the third diode D3 is connected to the switching circuit 2002, and the third diode D3 may perform a rectifying function.
In the second embodiment, the first power supply circuit 200 includes a flyback conversion circuit 2001 and a switching circuit 2002; the input end of the flyback conversion circuit 2001 is connected with the output end of the power battery 100; a first end of the switching circuit 2002 is connected to an output end of the flyback converter circuit 2001, a second end of the switching circuit 2002 is connected to the first power supply terminal 300, and a third end of the switching circuit 2002 is connected to the second power supply terminal 500. In the present embodiment, each power supply is selected by setting the switching circuit 2002, so that the power supply policy under different policy conditions is adapted, and the power supply configuration is more flexible.
Referring to fig. 6, fig. 6 is a schematic circuit structure diagram of a vehicle power supply circuit according to a third embodiment of the present invention. Based on the first and second embodiments described above, the present invention proposes a third embodiment of a vehicle power supply circuit.
In a third embodiment, the vehicle supply circuit further comprises: a third switch K3, the third switch K3 is disposed between the input terminal of the first power supply circuit 200 and the input terminal of the second power supply circuit 400; and the first switch driving circuit 900, the first switch driving circuit 900 is connected to the first power supply terminal 300, and is used for controlling the on/off of the third switch K3.
It should be noted that, in order to control the power supply, a third switch K3 is provided between the input terminal of the first power supply circuit 200 and the input terminal of the second power supply circuit 400. When the third switch is in a closed state, the second power supply circuit 400 can receive the power output by the power battery 100, and then perform voltage conversion to output a low-voltage power supply, and the second power supply terminal 500 can receive the low-voltage power supply. When the third switch is in the off state, the second power supply circuit 400 has no power input and no low voltage power supply output.
In a specific implementation, the power supply terminal of the first switch driving circuit 900 is connected to the first power supply terminal 300, and the first power supply terminal 300 provides a working power supply for the switch driving circuit 700. After receiving the working power, the first switch driving circuit 900 controls the on/off of the third switch K3 according to a preset control logic. The specific control logic may be set according to the user requirement, and this embodiment is not limited to this.
In this embodiment, to further improve controllability of the power supply, the vehicle power supply circuit further includes:
a fourth switch K4, the fourth switch K4 is disposed between the input terminal of the first power supply circuit 200 and the input terminal of the third power supply circuit 600; and the second switch driving circuit 1000, the second switch driving circuit 1000 is connected with the first power supply terminal 300, and is used for controlling the on-off of the fourth switch K4.
When the fourth switch K4 is in a closed state, the third power supply circuit 600 can receive the power output by the power battery 100, and then perform voltage conversion to output a low-voltage power supply, and the third power supply terminal 700 can receive the low-voltage power supply. When the fourth switch K4 is in the off state, the third power supply circuit 600 has no power input and no low-voltage power supply output.
In a specific implementation, the power supply terminal of the second switch driving circuit 1000 is connected to the first power supply terminal 300, and the first power supply terminal 300 provides a working power supply for the second switch driving circuit 1000. After receiving the working power, the second switch driving circuit 1000 controls the fourth switch K4 to be turned on or off according to a preset control logic. The specific control logic may be set according to the user requirement, and this embodiment is not limited to this.
In the present embodiment, since the output of the power battery 100 is a high-voltage power supply, the third switch K3 and the fourth switch K4 may include a positive relay and a negative relay to improve circuit safety. The contact switch of the positive relay is arranged on the positive side of the power battery 100, the contact switch of the negative relay is arranged on the negative side of the power battery 100, and the coils of the positive relay and the negative relay are arranged in the switch driving circuit.
The first switch driving circuit 900 and the second switch driving circuit 1000 may each include two relay coil driving circuits, and the relay coil driving circuits are controlled by a power management module (not shown) to control the on/off states of the positive relay and the negative relay respectively. The relay coil driving circuit is powered by the first power terminal 300, and the power management module can also be powered by the first power terminal 300.
In this embodiment, the second power supply terminal 500 mainly supplies power to safety-related electric devices in the vehicle, and in order to improve the stability of the power supply connected to the second power supply terminal 500, the vehicle power supply circuit further includes a second battery 1100, an output terminal of the second battery 1100 is respectively connected to the first power supply terminal 300 and the second power supply terminal 500, and an output power of the second battery 500 is greater than an output power of the second power supply circuit 400. The second battery 1100 is mainly used as a backup power source for the second power supply circuit 400, and supplies power to safety-related electric devices in the vehicle when the second power supply circuit 400 fails. The related configuration of the second battery 1100 may refer to the configuration of the first battery 800, and this embodiment is not described herein again.
It should be noted that, due to the complex vehicle conditions during the driving process of the vehicle, in special situations (such as bump, collision, etc.), the third switch K3 and the fourth switch K4 may be disabled, and to ensure the safety of the vehicle, as an example, the power supply control strategy of the vehicle may be: in the normal running process of the vehicle, the fourth switch K4 is in a closed state, and the third power supply circuit 600 and the first storage battery 800 supply power to all low-voltage electric appliances of the vehicle through the first power supply end 300, the second power supply end 500 and the third power supply end 700; the first battery 80 is mainly used for compensating the output of the third power supply circuit 600 when the power required by the low-voltage apparatus is high. That is, the voltage V3 received by the first power terminal 300 and the voltage V2 received by the second power terminal 500 are both equal to the voltage V1 received by the third power terminal 700, and V1 is the output voltage of the third power circuit 600 and/or the first battery 800. If the fourth switch K4 is turned off due to an abnormal condition of the vehicle and cannot be temporarily recovered, the third power supply circuit 600 cannot provide power supply, and at this time, the third switch K3 is controlled to be in a closed state, and the second power supply circuit 400, the first storage battery 800 and the second storage battery 1100 supply power to key electric devices and safety-related electric devices of the vehicle through the first power supply terminal 300 and the second power supply terminal 500; the first battery 800 and the second battery 1100 are mainly used for compensating the output of the second power supply circuit 400 when the power required by the low-voltage apparatus is high. That is, the voltage V3 received by the first power terminal 300 is equal to the voltage V2 received by the second power terminal 500, and V1 is the output voltage of the third power circuit 600, the second battery 1100 and/or the first battery 800. If the third switch K3 and the fourth switch K4 are all disabled, the first power supply circuit 200 supplies power to the key electrical devices in the vehicle through the first power supply terminal 300, that is, the voltage V3 connected to the first power supply terminal 300 may be the voltage output by the flyback conversion circuit 2001, thereby avoiding the power failure of the key low-voltage devices in the vehicle.
At this time, the key electric devices of the vehicle are powered by the first power supply circuit 200 and the battery 600 through the first power supply terminal 300, that is, the voltage V2 connected to the first power supply terminal 300 is equal to the output voltage V3 of the flyback conversion circuit. Meanwhile, the battery 600 may also provide power for conventional electric devices through the second power terminal 500.
In addition, in order to protect the safety of the power battery 100, the vehicle power supply circuit further includes a fuse element FU, which is disposed between the input terminal of the first power supply circuit 200 and the input terminal of the second power supply circuit 400. In a specific implementation, the fuse element FU may be a fuse or a fuse, which is not limited in this embodiment.
When an abnormality occurs in a high-voltage electrical apparatus (a vehicle-mounted air conditioner or the like) or a line is short-circuited, an excessive current is generated, and power battery 100 is easily damaged. The fusing element FU is disconnected when the output current of the power battery is excessively large, thereby disconnecting the power battery 100 to abnormal electrical appliances.
In this embodiment, to prevent the fuse element FU from affecting the power supply of the low voltage power supply after being blown, the fuse element FU is disposed between the input terminal of the first power supply circuit 200 and the input terminal of the second power supply circuit 400. After fuse element FU is fused, although second power supply circuit 400 can't provide low voltage power supply, because first power supply circuit 200 is located fuse element FU inboard, still can receive power battery 100's output to for key electrical part provides low voltage power supply, avoided the power failure of key electrical part, improved the security of vehicle. Meanwhile, the storage battery 600 can also provide a low-voltage power supply for the key electric device, but the storage battery 600 has limited capacity, and particularly has serious capacity attenuation at low temperature, so that the low-voltage electric device cannot be supported to work for a long time, and therefore the power supply for the key electric device is mainly provided by the first power supply circuit 200.
In a third embodiment, the vehicle supply circuit further comprises: a third switch K3, the third switch K3 is disposed between the input terminal of the first power supply circuit 200 and the input terminal of the second power supply circuit 400; the first switch driving circuit 900, the first switch driving circuit 900 is connected to the first power supply end 300, and is used for controlling the on/off of the third switch K3; a fourth switch K4, the fourth switch K4 is disposed between the input terminal of the first power supply circuit 200 and the input terminal of the third power supply circuit 600; the second switch driving circuit 1000, the second switch driving circuit 1000 is connected to the first power supply end 300, and is used for controlling the on/off of the fourth switch K4; and a fuse element FU disposed between the input terminal of the first power supply circuit 200 and the input terminal of the second power supply circuit 400. In the embodiment, the third switch K3 and the fourth switch K4 are provided, so that the working states of the second power supply circuit 400 and the third power supply circuit 600 are conveniently controlled, and the flexibility of the configuration of the vehicle power supply strategy is improved. Meanwhile, the input end of the first power supply circuit 200 is located on the inner side of the fusing element FU, so that the key electric device of the vehicle after fusing is not powered down, and the safety of the vehicle is improved.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention also provides a vehicle power supply apparatus including the vehicle power supply circuit as described above. The specific structure of the vehicle power supply circuit refers to the above embodiments, and since the vehicle power supply device can adopt the technical solutions of all the above embodiments, the vehicle power supply circuit at least has the beneficial effects brought by the technical solutions of the above embodiments, and details are not repeated herein.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention further provides an automobile, which includes the above vehicle power supply device. The specific structure of the vehicle power supply device refers to the above embodiments, and since the vehicle can adopt the technical solutions of all the above embodiments, the vehicle power supply device at least has the beneficial effects brought by the technical solutions of the above embodiments, and details are not repeated herein.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all modifications of equivalent structures and equivalent processes, which are made by using the contents of the present specification and the accompanying drawings, or directly or indirectly applied to other related technical fields, are included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A vehicle power supply circuit, characterized in that the vehicle power supply circuit comprises:
a power battery;
the input end of the first power supply circuit is connected with the output end of the power battery, and the output end of the first power supply circuit is connected with the first power supply end;
the input end of the second power supply circuit is connected with the input end of the first power supply circuit, the output end of the second power supply circuit is respectively connected with the first power supply end and the second power supply end, and the output power of the second power supply circuit is greater than that of the first power supply circuit;
the input end of the third power supply circuit is connected with the input end of the second power supply circuit, the output end of the third power supply circuit is respectively connected with the first power supply end, the second power supply end and the third power supply end, and the output power of the third power supply circuit is greater than that of the second power supply circuit;
the output end of the first storage battery is connected with the first power supply end, the second power supply end and the third power supply end respectively, and the output power of the first storage battery is greater than that of the third power supply circuit.
2. The vehicle supply circuit according to claim 1, wherein the first supply circuit includes:
the input end of the flyback conversion circuit is connected with the output end of the power battery;
and the first end of the switching circuit is connected with the output end of the flyback conversion circuit, the second end of the switching circuit is connected with the first power supply end, and the third end of the switching circuit is connected with the second power supply end.
3. The vehicle supply circuit of claim 2 wherein said flyback converter circuit comprises:
the primary coil of the transformer is connected with the output end of the power battery;
the power switch tube is arranged on a loop between the primary coil and the power battery and used for controlling the on-off of the loop;
and the input end of the output circuit is connected with the secondary coil of the transformer, and the output end of the output circuit is connected with the first end of the switching circuit.
4. The vehicle supply circuit of claim 2 wherein said switching circuit comprises:
the anode of the first diode is connected with the output end of the flyback conversion circuit, and the cathode of the first diode is connected with the first power supply end;
and the anode of the second diode is connected with the output end of the second power supply circuit, and the cathode of the second diode is connected with the first power supply end.
5. The vehicle supply circuit of claim 4 wherein said switching circuit further comprises:
the first switch is arranged between the anode of the first diode and the output end of the flyback conversion circuit;
and the second switch is arranged between the anode of the second diode and the output end of the second power supply circuit.
6. The vehicle electrical supply circuit of any one of claims 1-5, further comprising:
a third switch disposed between the input of the first power supply circuit and the input of the second power supply circuit;
and the first switch driving circuit is connected with the first power supply end and is used for controlling the on-off of the third switch.
7. The vehicle electrical supply circuit of any one of claims 1-5, further comprising:
a fourth switch disposed between the input of the first power supply circuit and the input of the third power supply circuit;
and the second switch driving circuit is connected with the first power supply end and is used for controlling the on-off of the fourth switch.
8. The vehicle electrical supply circuit of any one of claims 1-5, further comprising:
and the output end of the second storage battery is respectively connected with the first power supply end and the second power supply end, and the output power of the second storage battery is greater than that of the second power supply circuit.
9. A vehicle power supply apparatus characterized by comprising the vehicle power supply circuit according to any one of claims 1 to 8.
10. An automobile characterized by comprising the vehicular electric power supply apparatus according to claim 9.
CN202111180431.7A 2021-10-09 2021-10-09 Vehicle power supply circuit, equipment and car Active CN113922447B (en)

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