CN113916740A - Experimental method and device for measuring water-drive light oil phase seepage of medium-high-permeability rock core - Google Patents
Experimental method and device for measuring water-drive light oil phase seepage of medium-high-permeability rock core Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an experimental method and a device for measuring water-drive light oil phase permeability of a medium-high permeability core, wherein the method comprises the following steps: (1) setting different oil-water proportions during oil-water co-injection, and forming different water saturation degrees in the medium-high permeability rock core after measuring the oil-water flow and the pressure difference between two ends of the medium-high permeability rock core in the phase permeability process to be stable; (2) performing middle-high permeability core water-flooding light oil phase displacement experiment operation, measuring relative permeability of oil and water at different oil-water ratios, and acquiring experiment data; recording displacement pressure, oil and water production data in the experimental process, and measuring the phase permeability characteristic of the water-drive light oil of the medium-high permeability core; drawing a phase permeability curve of the medium-high permeability core water-drive light oil by using the obtained oil and water relative permeability values under different water saturation degrees; (3) and calculating the water saturation formed in the medium-high permeability rock core after different oil-water ratios are stable through a rock core average water saturation calculation formula based on data obtained by experiments.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of underground multiphase fluid flow characteristics, in particular to a middle-high permeability core light oil phase displacement experiment measurement method.
Background
When multiphase fluid flows, interaction, interference and influence can occur among phases. The phase permeability is a dynamic characteristic parameter of rock-fluid interaction, can describe the magnitude of interaction between phases (such as rock-oil-water), and is one of the most important parameters to be determined in reservoir development. For the measurement of the light oil phase permeability of the medium-high permeability core, the viscosity of crude oil is low, the crude oil is similar to piston displacement in the process of water displacement, the water content rises very fast, and the relative permeability corresponding to partial water saturation in a phase permeability curve can not be measured easily. The accurate permeability curve can reflect the capacity of a certain fluid passing through the rock, and is a key scientific problem for accurately simulating the simultaneous flow process of multiphase fluids in oil field development.
At present, two methods for directly measuring the relative permeability of oil-water two-phase fluid in rock are mainly used: steady state and non-steady state processes. The experimental principle of the steady state method is based on Darcy seepage formula during stable flow, oil and water are simultaneously injected into a rock sample at a constant speed according to a certain flow proportion under the condition that the total flow is not changed during the experiment, when the pressure difference at two ends of a rock core and the oil and water flow are stable, the water saturation of the rock sample is considered not to be changed any more, the stable state is reached, and the phase permeability of the oil and the water is constant; and (3) measuring the pressure difference between the inlet and the outlet of the rock sample and the oil and water flow, and directly calculating the oil and water phase permeability and the relative permeability of the rock sample according to Darcy's law. And finally, changing the oil-water injection flow rate ratio to draw an oil-water relative permeability curve of the rock core. The method has strong reliability; however, the steady-state method has long experiment time, complicated experimental devices and a plurality of instruments, and the determination of the saturation of oil and water in the core is a difficult problem in the measurement of the steady-state method. The experimental principle of the unsteady state method is based on a Buckley-Leverett one-dimensional two-phase water flooding front advancing theory, capillary pressure and gravity action are ignored, the two-phase immiscible fluid is supposed to be incompressible, the oil-water saturation in any cross section of a rock sample is uniform, the distribution of the oil-water saturation in a rock core is considered to be a function of water flooding time and distance, and the process is an unsteady process and is consistent with the oil field development process. A constant pressure difference or constant speed water flooding experiment is carried out on the rock core, the output of each fluid and the change of the pressure difference at two ends of the rock core along with time are recorded at the outlet end of the rock core, the relative permeability of oil and water is obtained by calculation through a J.B.N. The method needs less instruments and equipment and has shorter measuring time; but the relative permeability values at some of the water saturation will cause large errors due to relaxed simplifying assumptions.
The accurate determination of the relative permeability of light oil in a medium-high permeability core is always a difficult point of a multiphase fluid flow characteristic determination technology, because the core has good physical properties, the permeability is in a medium-high permeability range, the viscosity of crude oil is low, piston displacement is easy to form, the water content rises very fast, and the phase permeability in a two-phase flow area is difficult to determine. The traditional unsteady state determination method easily causes that the water saturation of a two-phase flow area in a phase permeation curve and the relative permeability of oil and water corresponding to the water saturation can not be determined, and the relative permeability is easy to generate errors in the calculation process. Although the steady-state method is reliable in result based on the one-dimensional seepage Darcy formula, the calculation of the water saturation in the rock core is difficult when the rock core is stable, the experimental device is easy to be complex, and the experimental time is long.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provides an experimental method and device for measuring water-drive light oil phase permeability of a medium-high permeability core.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
an experimental method for measuring water-drive light oil phase permeability of a medium-high permeability core comprises the following steps:
(1) setting different oil-water proportions during oil-water co-injection, and forming different water saturation degrees in the medium-high permeability rock core after measuring the oil-water flow and the pressure difference between two ends of the medium-high permeability rock core in the phase permeability process to be stable;
(2) performing middle-high permeability core water-flooding light oil phase displacement experiment operation, measuring relative permeability of oil and water at different oil-water ratios, and acquiring experiment data; recording displacement pressure, oil and water production data in the experimental process, and measuring the phase permeability characteristic of the water-drive light oil of the medium-high permeability core; drawing a phase permeability curve of the medium-high permeability core water-drive light oil by using the obtained oil and water relative permeability values under different water saturation degrees;
(3) and calculating the water saturation formed in the medium-high permeability rock core after different oil-water ratios are stable through a rock core average water saturation calculation formula based on data obtained by experiments.
Further, in the step (1), under the condition that the total injection speed of the oil and water is not changed, the oil and water are simultaneously injected into the medium-high permeability core according to the following flow ratio: 1:9, 1:4, 1:1, 4:1, 9: 1; when each oil-water flow ratio is injected, at least 3 times of the pore volume of the rock sample is injected into each fluid, and when the pressure difference at two ends of the rock sample is stable, the stable state is considered to be achieved, the water saturation of the medium-high permeability rock core is not changed any more, and the relative permeability of oil and water is a constant.
Further, the method for calculating the average water saturation of the rock core specifically comprises the following steps:
(301) obtaining irresistible water saturation and residual oil saturation based on an unsteady state method;
(302) when the proportion of each oil-water reaches a stable state, measuring the flow of the oil-water, and introducing the water yield;
(303) and calculating the average water saturation of the medium-high permeability core by using a core average water saturation calculation formula and combining the data.
A displacement experiment device for measuring water-drive light oil phase seepage of a medium-high-permeability core comprises a core holder, a confining pressure pump, a water pump, an oil pump, a differential pressure sensor and an oil-water meter, wherein the output end of the oil pump is connected with the inlet of a three-way valve A, one outlet of the three-way valve A is connected with the input end of the core holder, and the other outlet of the three-way valve A is connected with a beaker A;
the output end of the water pump is connected with the inlet of the three-way valve B, and one outlet of the three-way valve B is connected with the input end of the rock core holder; the other outlet of the three-way valve B is connected with a beaker B; the output ends of the water pump and the oil pump are respectively provided with the pressure sensor; the output end of the core holder is connected with the oil-water meter, a differential pressure sensor is connected between the input end and the output end of the core holder, and the confining pump is further arranged on the core holder. The oil-water meter comprises an oil-water separator, a water stop clamp, a beaker C and a rubber pipe; the oil-water separator is placed above the beaker C, a rubber pipe is arranged at the top of the oil-water separator, and a water stop clamp is arranged on the rubber pipe.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. according to the characteristic of relative permeability of middle-high permeability core light oil measurement, an unsteady state method and a steady state method are combined in the measurement process. Firstly, rapidly and accurately measuring the irreducible water saturation and residual oil saturation of a rock core and corresponding oil and water relative permeability values by using an unsteady state method; secondly, determining the water saturation of the rock core and corresponding oil and water relative permeability values under a specific oil-water injection proportion by using a steady-state method, wherein the water saturation is calculated by using the oil and water flow after stabilization and the irreducible water saturation and residual oil saturation determined by an unsteady-state method; and finally, drawing the obtained relative permeability values of oil and water under different water saturation degrees as a phase permeability curve. Due to the fact that the unsteady state method is used firstly, data can be provided for calculating the water saturation of the rock core through the steady state method, and the effect of simplifying the steady state method experiment device is achieved.
2. The experimental device combines the unsteady state method and the steady state method, so that the device has simple structure and reliable experimental result, and realizes the accurate determination of the water saturation of the two-phase flow area and the corresponding oil and water relative permeability. The method has the advantages that the accurate acquisition of the relative permeability curve of the light oil field plays an important role in making and adjusting the reasonable development strategy of the oil field, and provides guarantee for the efficient development of the oil field.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an experimental setup for performing a water-displacement oil process in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an experimental apparatus for performing a co-injection process of oil and water in the embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a phase permeability curve of medium-high permeability core water-drive light oil obtained in the example of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the figures and specific examples. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
The different oil-water flow proportions of the present embodiment when oil-water is injected simultaneously are as follows:
under the condition that the total oil-water injection speed is not changed, oil and water are simultaneously injected into the rock core according to the following flow proportion: 1:9, 1:4, 1:1, 4:1 and 9:1, which are used for forming different water saturation degrees in the medium-high permeability core after the stable state is reached; when each oil-water flow ratio is injected, each fluid should be injected into the rock sample by at least 3 times of the pore volume of the rock sample, the pressure difference between two ends of the rock sample is stable, the stable state is considered to be reached, the water saturation of the rock core is not changed any more, and the relative permeability of oil and water is a constant.
The method for calculating the average water saturation of the rock core comprises the following steps:
when the water and the oil are injected at a certain oil-water ratio, the water saturation of the rock core is considered not to change any more after the stable state is reached. After stabilization, measuring the oil and water flow, and obtaining the water yield as follows:
in the formula (f)wThe water yield is zero; q. q.swFlow rate of the aqueous phase, cm3/s；qoIs the flow rate of the oil phase, cm3/s。
The average water saturation of the core is as follows:
Sw＝Sws+(1-Sws-Sor)·fw (2)
in the formula, SwThe average water saturation of the rock core is zero dimension; swsIrreducible water saturation; sorResidual oil saturation, dimensionless.
The irreducible water saturation and the residual oil saturation can be measured by an unsteady state method, and the oil and water flow can be measured only after the average saturation of the rock core is determined to be stable according to the formula (1) and the formula (2).
As shown in figures 1 and 2, the displacement experimental device for measuring the water-drive light oil phase permeability of the medium-high permeability core comprises a core holder 1, a confining pressure pump 2, a water pump 3, an oil pump 4, a differential pressure sensor 7 and an oil-water meter 9,
the output end of the oil pump 4 is connected with the inlet of a three-way valve 8, one outlet of the three-way valve 8 is connected with the input end of the rock core holder 1, and the other outlet of the three-way valve 8 is connected with a beaker 6;
the output end of the water pump 3 is connected with the inlet of the three-way valve 8, and one outlet of the three-way valve 8 is connected with the input end of the rock core holder 1; the other outlet of the three-way valve 8 is connected with a beaker 6; the output ends of the water pump 3 and the oil pump 4 are respectively provided with a pressure sensor 5; the output end of the core holder 1 is connected with an oil-water meter 9, a differential pressure sensor 7 is connected between the input end and the output end of the core holder 1, and a confining pressure pump 2 is further arranged on the core holder 1.
The oil-water meter 9 comprises an oil-water separator 11, a water stop clamp 13, a beaker 10 and a rubber tube 12; the oil-water separator 11 is placed above the beaker 10, a rubber pipe 12 is arranged at the top of the oil-water separator 11, and a water stop clamp 13 is arranged on the rubber pipe 12.
The experimental method for measuring water-drive light oil-phase displacement of the medium-high permeability core is used for obtaining phase-permeation experimental data, and comprises the following specific experimental steps:
1. preparation of the experiment: cleaning and drying a rock core, and preparing simulated oil;
2. measuring the porosity and absolute permeability of the rock core: firstly, measuring the diameter and the length of a rock core; then, the rock core is loaded into a holder, confining pressure is added, water is injected at a constant speed of 1mL/min until 20PV is injected, the pressure difference at two ends of the rock core is measured, and the absolute permeability of water measurement can be calculated by using the formula (3); and (4) weighing the rock sample after saturated simulated formation water, and calculating the porosity of the rock core by using the formula (4). The above parameters should be determined twice with an error of less than 3%.
Wherein K is absolute permeability in water, mD; q. q.swFlow rate of the aqueous phase, cm3/s；μwViscosity of the aqueous phase, mPas; l is the length of the core, cm; a is the sectional area of the core in cm2(ii) a And delta p is the pressure difference, MPa, between two ends of the rock core.
In the formula, phi is the porosity of the core and has no dimension; vpIs the effective pore volume of the core, cm3(ii) a V is the apparent volume of the core, cm3(ii) a m is the core mass after saturated water, g; m is0G, the mass of the cleaned and dried rock core; l is the length of the core, cm; a is the sectional area of the core in cm2；ρwIs the density of water, g/cm3。
3. Establishing irreducible water saturation: performing an oil-water flooding experiment at a constant speed of 0.5mL/min, and calculating the saturation of the bound water by using a formula (5) when the displacement is performed until no water is discharged or oil is injected to 20 PV; and (3) performing oil water drive by adopting the flow rate of 2mL/min, determining the effective permeability of the oil phase under the irreducible water saturation for three times continuously, wherein the relative error is less than 3%, and the calculation method of the effective permeability of the oil phase is shown in a formula (6).
In the formula, VwIs the volume of displacement water in cm in the oil displacement water experiment3；SwsNo dimension was used to constrain water saturation.
In the formula, KoAs the effective permeability of the oil phase, mD; q. q.soIs the flow rate of the oil phase, cm3/s；μoThe viscosity of the oil phase, mPas.
4. And (3) a water flooding process: the experimental device shown in figure 1 is used for carrying out a water flooding experimental process at a constant speed of 0.1mL/min, accurately recording water breakthrough time, accumulated oil yield during water breakthrough, accumulated liquid yield, displacement speed and displacement pressure difference at two ends of a core, carrying out encryption recording at the initial stage of water breakthrough, and determining residual oil saturation and corresponding water phase effective permeability thereof by adopting a flow rate of 2mL/min when the water content reaches 99.95% or after 30 times of pore volume of water injection, wherein the water phase effective permeability is continuously measured for three times, the relative error is less than 3%, the water phase effective permeability is calculated by an equation (7), and the residual oil saturation is calculated by an equation (8).
In the formula, KwEffective permeability of the aqueous phase, mD.
In the formula, VoVolume of oil displaced in the oil displacement by water test, cm3。
5. Oil-water co-injection process: the method comprises the steps of injecting oil and water into a rock core according to a set flow ratio by using an experimental device shown in figure 2, when the flow reaches a stable state, namely each fluid is injected into at least 3 times of the pore volume of the rock sample, the pressure difference of two ends of the rock sample is stable, recording the pressure difference of two ends of the rock sample and the flow rate of the oil and the water, calculating the average water saturation of the rock core formed by the oil-water ratio by using formula (2), and calculating the effective permeability of an oil phase and a water phase by using formula (6) and formula (7) respectively; and changing the injection proportion of the oil and the water when the oil and the water are injected simultaneously, and repeating the process until the last measurement of the oil and water flow proportion is finished.
6. And (3) drawing a phase permeation curve: and (3) calculating the relative permeability of the oil and the water respectively according to the formula (9) and the formula (10), and drawing the obtained different water saturation degrees and the corresponding relative permeability values of the oil and the water as a phase permeability curve of the medium-high permeability core.
In the formula, Kro(Sw) As the water saturation is SwThe relative permeability of the oil phase is zero.
In the formula, Krw(Sw) As the water saturation is SwThe relative permeability of the water phase is zero dimension.
Specifically, taking a medium-high permeability reservoir with crude oil viscosity of about 2.48mPa · s as an example, the relative permeability of the reservoir is measured after coring. During measurement, the basic parameters of the core and the simulated oil are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 core and simulated oil basic parameter Table
The phase permeability determination experiment is carried out based on the experimental method and the experimental device for measuring the medium-high permeability core light oil phase displacement, and the record of experimental data is shown in table 2.
TABLE 2 middle and high permeability core light oil phase permeability test data recording table
The permeability curve for this core was plotted according to the experimental data of table 2, as shown in fig. 3.
The method not only can accurately measure the relative permeability of the oil phase and the water phase corresponding to the water saturation of the two-phase region, but also has simple experimental device. As can also be seen from the figure 3, the method can reliably measure the relative permeability of the medium-high permeability stratum with the light crude oil existing therein, and is completely suitable for the requirements of oil reservoir development and numerical simulation on the relative permeability curve.
The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments. The foregoing description of the specific embodiments is intended to describe and illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and the above specific embodiments are merely illustrative and not restrictive. Those skilled in the art can make many changes and modifications to the invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (5)
1. An experimental method for measuring water-drive light oil phase permeability of a medium-high permeability core is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) setting different oil-water proportions during oil-water co-injection, and forming different water saturation degrees in the medium-high permeability rock core after measuring the oil-water flow and the pressure difference between two ends of the medium-high permeability rock core in the phase permeability process to be stable;
(2) performing middle-high permeability core water-flooding light oil phase displacement experiment operation, measuring relative permeability of oil and water at different oil-water ratios, and acquiring experiment data; recording displacement pressure, oil and water production data in the experimental process, and measuring the phase permeability characteristic of the water-drive light oil of the medium-high permeability core; drawing a phase permeability curve of the medium-high permeability core water-drive light oil by using the obtained oil and water relative permeability values under different water saturation degrees;
(3) and calculating the water saturation formed in the medium-high permeability rock core after different oil-water ratios are stable through a rock core average water saturation calculation formula based on data obtained by experiments.
2. The experimental method for measuring water-drive light oil phase permeability of the medium-high permeability core according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), under the condition that the total oil-water injection speed is not changed, oil-water is simultaneously injected into the medium-high permeability core according to the following flow ratio: 1:9, 1:4, 1:1, 4:1, 9: 1; when each oil-water flow ratio is injected, at least 3 times of the pore volume of the rock sample is injected into each fluid, and when the pressure difference at two ends of the rock sample is stable, the stable state is considered to be achieved, the water saturation of the medium-high permeability rock core is not changed any more, and the relative permeability of oil and water is a constant.
3. The experimental method for measuring water-drive light oil phase permeability of the medium-high permeability core according to claim 1, wherein the method for calculating the average water saturation of the core specifically comprises:
(301) obtaining irresistible water saturation and residual oil saturation based on an unsteady state method;
(302) when the proportion of each oil-water reaches a stable state, measuring the flow of the oil-water, and introducing the water yield;
(303) and calculating the average water saturation of the medium-high permeability core by using a core average water saturation calculation formula and combining the data.
4. A displacement experiment device for measuring water-drive light oil phase seepage of a medium-high-permeability rock core is characterized by comprising a rock core holder, a confining pressure pump, a water pump, an oil pump, a differential pressure sensor and an oil-water meter, wherein the output end of the oil pump is connected with the inlet of a three-way valve A, one outlet of the three-way valve A is connected with the input end of the rock core holder, and the other outlet of the three-way valve A is connected with a beaker A;
the output end of the water pump is connected with the inlet of the three-way valve B, and one outlet of the three-way valve B is connected with the input end of the rock core holder; the other outlet of the three-way valve B is connected with a beaker B; the output ends of the water pump and the oil pump are respectively provided with the pressure sensor; the output end of the core holder is connected with the oil-water meter, a differential pressure sensor is connected between the input end and the output end of the core holder, and the confining pump is further arranged on the core holder.
5. The displacement experimental device for measuring the water-drive light oil phase permeability of the medium-high permeability core according to claim 1, wherein the oil-water meter comprises an oil-water separator, a water stop clamp, a beaker C and a rubber tube; the oil-water separator is placed above the beaker C, a rubber pipe is arranged at the top of the oil-water separator, and a water stop clamp is arranged on the rubber pipe.
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