CN113914869B - Semi-bright and semi-dark tunnel hole entering construction method under shallow buried bias voltage collapse condition - Google Patents
Semi-bright and semi-dark tunnel hole entering construction method under shallow buried bias voltage collapse condition Download PDFInfo
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- CN113914869B CN113914869B CN202111225082.6A CN202111225082A CN113914869B CN 113914869 B CN113914869 B CN 113914869B CN 202111225082 A CN202111225082 A CN 202111225082A CN 113914869 B CN113914869 B CN 113914869B
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- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 60
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 192
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 192
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 230000008093 supporting effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 241000283690 Bos taurus Species 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 claims description 31
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000009966 trimming Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 abstract 2
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- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/04—Lining with building materials
- E21D11/10—Lining with building materials with concrete cast in situ; Shuttering also lost shutterings, e.g. made of blocks, of metal plates or other equipment adapted therefor
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/04—Lining with building materials
- E21D11/10—Lining with building materials with concrete cast in situ; Shuttering also lost shutterings, e.g. made of blocks, of metal plates or other equipment adapted therefor
- E21D11/107—Reinforcing elements therefor; Holders for the reinforcing elements
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/14—Lining predominantly with metal
- E21D11/15—Plate linings; Laggings, i.e. linings designed for holding back formation material or for transmitting the load to main supporting members
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/14—Lining predominantly with metal
- E21D11/15—Plate linings; Laggings, i.e. linings designed for holding back formation material or for transmitting the load to main supporting members
- E21D11/152—Laggings made of grids or nettings
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/14—Lining predominantly with metal
- E21D11/18—Arch members ; Network made of arch members ; Ring elements; Polygon elements; Polygon elements inside arches
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
- E21D9/001—Improving soil or rock, e.g. by freezing; Injections
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/20—Hydro energy
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Lining And Supports For Tunnels (AREA)
Abstract
The application discloses a semi-bright and semi-dark tunnel hole entering construction method under shallow buried bias voltage collapse condition, belongs to the field of tunnel construction, and solves the problems of high construction cost, large environmental impact and high potential safety hazard in the prior art. Comprising the following steps: and (5) applying an anti-bias support pile in the tunnel portal bias area. And determining the opening line of the side elevation slope of the tunnel, the central line of the tunnel and the light and shade juncture position. And (5) forming a sleeve arch and a big pipe shed at the juncture of the light and the shade. And (3) applying a soil cattle arch tire, a primary support of the first section of steel arch, a primary support of the second section of steel arch and a longitudinal support steel pipe in the semi-open area. Cleaning the surface of the anti-bias support pile close to one side of the tunnel. And binding a reinforcement cage of the pile plate wall on one side of the anti-bias support pile, which is close to the tunnel, so as to obtain a pouring space. And casting rubble concrete in the casting space, and backfilling concrete between the support piles and the mountain between the primary support of the first section steel arch and the primary support of the second section steel arch to serve as a support cover. And (5) digging and supporting the hidden hole. The method has the advantages of low cost, small environmental impact and low potential safety hazard.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of tunnel construction, in particular to a semi-bright and semi-dark tunnel entering construction method under the condition of shallow buried bias voltage collapse.
Background
At present, with the development of social economy, expressways gradually develop from plain areas to mountain hills, and as the areas of China are wide and the spans of east, west and north are very large, mountain surrounding rocks traversed by the expressways are complex and changeable, so that the difficulty of tunnel entrance construction of a semi-bright and semi-dark tunnel is relatively high, and particularly the tunnel entrance construction of the semi-bright and semi-dark tunnel is more difficult under the condition of tunnel openings with unfavorable geological conditions such as shallow burial, bias and collapse.
The traditional construction method generally comprises the steps of firstly carrying out slope cutting unloading and slope protection, then reinforcing the rock mass, grouting and solidifying the rock mass with developed cracks when necessary, and finally carrying out semi-bright and semi-dark tunnel excavation supporting and vault backfilling. The conventional method is adopted to carry out hole entering construction, so that a large amount of slope cutting and unloading are realized, the slope is treated and protected in a large area, the necessary chemical reinforcement on the rock mass is greatly increased in project investment, and the project construction cost is increased. In addition, the original ecological vegetation is thoroughly destroyed by slope cutting and unloading, a great amount of soil is transported outwards, rock mass is reinforced, the slope is protected, certain adverse effect is caused on the natural environment, and the safety risks in slope cutting and unloading operation and high slope protection treatment are large on the sloughed steep slope. Meanwhile, in the semi-open semi-hidden excavation supporting process, the single side of the tunnel is always in an empty state, the surrounding rock is damaged by excavation to the original stress balance of the surrounding rock and disturbed by the excavation process, and the bias state is possibly huge to cause more serious tunnel collapse accidents, so that hidden hazards are left for the safety of the tunnel in the operation period.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the application solves the problems of high cost, large influence on environment and high potential safety hazard in the existing construction process by providing the semi-bright and semi-dark tunnel hole entering construction method under the condition of shallow buried bias voltage collapse.
The embodiment of the invention provides a semi-bright and semi-dark tunnel hole entering construction method under the condition of shallow buried bias voltage collapse, which comprises the following steps:
applying an anti-bias support pile in a bias area of a semi-bright and semi-dark tunnel portal to be constructed;
determining the side elevation slope opening line, the tunnel center line and the light-dark junction position of the semi-bright and semi-dark tunnel to be constructed;
a sleeve arch and a big pipe shed are arranged at the juncture of the light and the shade;
sequentially applying a soil cow arch tire, a primary support of a first section of steel arch, a primary support of a second section of steel arch and a longitudinal support steel pipe in a semi-open area of the semi-open and semi-dark tunnel to be constructed;
cleaning the surface of the anti-bias support pile, which is close to one side of the tunnel;
binding a reinforcement cage of a pile plate wall on one side, close to the tunnel, of the anti-bias support pile to obtain a pouring space;
pouring rubble concrete in the pouring space, and backfilling rubble concrete between the anti-bias support piles and the mountain bodies above the primary support of the first section steel arch and the primary support of the second section steel arch to serve as a support cover;
and (5) digging and supporting the hidden hole.
In one possible implementation manner, the soil cow arch tire, the primary support of the first section of steel arch, the primary support of the second section of steel arch and the longitudinal support steel pipe are sequentially applied to the semi-open area of the semi-open and semi-dark tunnel to be constructed, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
the soil cow arch tire is applied to a semi-bright area of the semi-bright and semi-dark tunnel to be constructed;
digging a foundation trench of the primary support of the first section steel arch and the primary support of the second section steel arch on a mountain;
finishing the junction of the slope surface of the mountain and the primary support of the first section steel arch and the primary support of the second section steel arch to be placed;
supporting the primary support of the first section steel arch and the primary support of the second section steel arch;
spraying concrete on the primary support of the first section steel arch and the primary support of the second section steel arch;
and arranging the longitudinal support steel pipes in the semi-open area of the semi-open and semi-dark tunnel to be constructed.
In one possible implementation, before the supporting the primary steel arch support and the primary steel arch support, the method further includes the steps of:
processing and manufacturing a plurality of first steel arches of the primary support of the first section of steel arch according to the arc length actually measured on site and numbering the arc length;
splicing the numbered first steel arches to obtain primary supports of the first section of steel arches;
processing and manufacturing a plurality of first steel arches of the first section of steel arches according to arc lengths actually measured on site and numbering the arc lengths;
and splicing the numbered second steel arches to obtain the primary support of the second section of steel arch.
In one possible implementation manner, the soil cow arch tire is applied to the semi-bright area of the semi-bright and semi-dark tunnel to be constructed, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
and constructing the soil cattle arch tire with the contour line larger than the tunnel excavation contour line in the semi-bright area of the semi-bright and semi-dark tunnel to be constructed.
In one possible implementation, the excavation of the foundation trench of the primary steel arch support of the first section and the primary steel arch support of the second section comprises the following steps:
and excavating foundation grooves of the first section steel arch primary support and the second section steel arch primary support, which are longitudinally in a step shape of different sections parallel to the tunnel axis, on a mountain, wherein the outer sides of the foundation grooves of the first section steel arch primary support are clung to one side, close to the tunnel, of the anti-bias support pile.
In one possible implementation manner, the junction of the slope surface of the trimmed mountain with the primary support of the first section steel arch and the primary support of the second section steel arch to be placed specifically comprises the following steps:
the junction of the slope surface of the trimming mountain and the primary support of the first section steel arch and the primary support of the second section steel arch to be placed is in a straight line section step shape parallel to the tunnel axis.
In one possible implementation manner, the method for manufacturing the sleeve arch and the greenhouse at the light-dark juncture specifically comprises the following steps:
forming a sleeve arch at the light-dark juncture;
holes are formed in mountain bodies in the semi-dark areas by adopting a pipe following method, and pipe loading is performed to form a greenhouse.
In one possible implementation manner, after backfilling rubble concrete as a supporting cover between the first section steel arch primary support and the second section steel arch primary support and the anti-bias support pile and the mountain, the method further comprises the following steps:
backfilling soil above the supporting cover and between the anti-bias supporting piles and the mountain.
In one possible implementation manner, the method for performing the hole digging and supporting specifically includes the following steps:
sequentially excavating an upper step and a middle step in a tunnel;
sequentially constructing a third section of steel arch primary support and a fourth section of steel arch primary support in the tunnel;
excavating a lower step in a tunnel;
and (5) constructing a bottom arch at the bottom of the tunnel.
One or more technical solutions provided in the embodiments of the present invention at least have the following technical effects or advantages:
the embodiment of the invention provides a semi-bright and semi-dark tunnel hole entering construction method under the condition of shallow buried bias voltage collapse, which comprises the following steps: and (3) applying an anti-bias support pile in a bias area of the tunnel portal to be constructed. And determining the opening line of the side elevation slope, the central line of the tunnel and the light-dark junction positions of the semi-bright and semi-dark tunnel to be constructed. And (5) forming a sleeve arch and a big pipe shed at the juncture of the light and the shade. And sequentially applying a soil cow arch tire, a primary support of the first section of steel arch, a primary support of the second section of steel arch and a longitudinal support steel pipe in a semi-open area of the semi-open and semi-dark tunnel to be constructed. Cleaning the surface of the anti-bias support pile close to one side of the tunnel. And binding a reinforcement cage of the pile plate wall on one side of the anti-bias support pile, which is close to the tunnel, so as to obtain a pouring space. And pouring the rubble concrete in the pouring space, and backfilling the rubble concrete between the anti-bias support piles and the mountain above the primary support of the first section steel arch and the primary support of the second section steel arch to serve as a support cover. And (5) digging and supporting the hidden hole. In the construction process, the anti-bias support pile is used as a lateral support at a tunnel portal, and rubble concrete is backfilled between the upper parts of the primary support of the first section steel arch and the primary support of the second section steel arch and between the anti-bias support pile and the mountain body to serve as a support cover, so that the anti-bias support pile, the primary support of the first section steel arch, the primary support of the second section steel arch, the support cover and the mountain body form a stress balance whole, and excavation in a bias stress state of a semi-bright and semi-dark section is changed into dark tunnel excavation in a balance stress state. The bias unloading and protection engineering quantity is reduced, the construction cost is reduced, and meanwhile, the damage to mountain and vegetation in the construction process is reduced. In addition, the safety in the construction process and the safety of the tunnel in the operation period are ensured.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings required for the description of the embodiments of the present invention will be briefly described, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for constructing a semi-bright and semi-dark tunnel under the condition of shallow bias collapse provided by the embodiment of the application;
fig. 2 is a schematic plan view of a semi-bright and semi-dark tunnel construction provided in an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a semi-bright and semi-dark tunnel construction provided in an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a semi-bright and semi-dark segment according to an embodiment of the present application.
Icon: 1-an anti-bias support pile; 2-primary supporting of the first section of steel arch; 3-soil cattle arch tires; 4-finishing the rear toe; 5-primary support of a second section of steel arch; 6-longitudinally supporting the steel pipe; 7-piling plate walls; 8-supporting a protecting cover; 9-mountain slope; 10-up the step; 11-middle steps; 12-descending steps; 13-primary support of a third section of steel arch; 14-primary support of a fourth section steel arch; 15-bottom arch; 16-soil.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and fully with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is evident that the embodiments described are some, but not all embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," "outer," and the like indicate or are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, merely to facilitate description of the embodiments of the present invention and simplify description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention. The terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance. Furthermore, the terms "mounted," "connected," "coupled," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communication between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the embodiments of the present invention will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art according to specific circumstances.
As shown in fig. 1 to 4, the embodiment of the invention provides a semi-bright and semi-dark tunnel entering construction method under the condition of shallow buried bias voltage collapse, which comprises the following steps:
step 101: and (3) applying an anti-bias support pile 1 to a bias area of the tunnel portal to be constructed. Specifically, the anti-bias support pile 1 can be used as a lateral support in a bias area of a tunnel portal to be constructed in a semi-bright and semi-dark manner, so that the stability of the mountain in the tunnel construction process and the operation period is ensured, meanwhile, the unloading excavation of the bias mountain in the construction process is avoided, the natural vegetation in the area excessively excavated by unloading is reserved, and the damage to the mountain and the vegetation in the construction process is further reduced.
Step 102: and determining the opening line of the side elevation slope, the central line of the tunnel and the light-dark junction positions of the semi-bright and semi-dark tunnel to be constructed.
Step 103: and (5) forming a sleeve arch and a big pipe shed at the juncture of the light and the shade. In practical application, the construction safety of the sleeve arch and the greenhouse in the tunnel excavation supporting process is ensured.
Step 104: and sequentially applying a soil cow arch tire 3, a primary steel arch support 2 of the first section, a primary steel arch support 5 of the second section and a longitudinal support steel pipe 6 in a semi-open area of a semi-open and semi-dark tunnel to be constructed. In practical use, the longitudinal support steel tube 6 extends in a direction parallel to the axis of the tunnel.
Step 105: the surface of the anti-bias support pile 1 near the side of the tunnel is cleaned. Because the side of the anti-bias support pile 1, which is close to the tunnel, needs to be poured with concrete rubble, if impurities such as soil are attached to the surface of the anti-bias support pile 1, the adhesion between the concrete rubble and the anti-bias support pile 1 is poor, so that the supporting effect of the anti-bias support pile 1 is affected, and the hidden safety hazards are buried for later tunnel operation. Further, in order to secure the adhesion between the concrete slabs and the bias-resistant support piles 1, the surface of the bias-resistant support piles 1 near the tunnel side is roughened.
Step 106: and binding a reinforcement cage of the pile plate wall 7 on one side, close to the tunnel, of the anti-bias support pile 1 to obtain a pouring space. The pile plate wall 7 is composed of a steel reinforcement cage and concrete, and in actual construction, the steel reinforcement cage is generally bound to obtain a casting space, and then the concrete is cast in the casting space to obtain the pile plate wall 7. The pile plate wall 7 can support the bias area of the tunnel portal simultaneously with the anti-bias support pile 1, so that the stability of the mountain in the tunnel construction process and the operation period is ensured.
Step 107: and pouring rubble concrete in the pouring space, and backfilling the rubble concrete between the anti-bias support piles 1 and the mountain bodies above the primary support 2 of the first section steel arch and the primary support 5 of the second section steel arch to serve as a support cover 8. In practical application, the concrete in the pouring space and the concrete of the support cover 8 are poured simultaneously to ensure the bonding between the anti-bias support pile 1 and the support cover 8, so that the safety in the construction process and the safety of the tunnel in the operation period are ensured.
Step 108: and (5) digging and supporting the hidden hole. In practical application, the anti-bias support pile 1, the primary support 2 of the first section steel arch, the primary support 5 of the second section steel arch, the support cover 8 and the mountain are formed into a stress balance whole, so that excavation under the bias stress state of the semi-bright and semi-dark section under the shallow bias collapse condition is changed into hidden hole excavation under the balance stress state, brushing slope protection of the slope of the original mountain is effectively avoided, and construction cost is reduced.
The embodiment of the invention provides a semi-bright and semi-dark tunnel hole entering construction method under the condition of shallow buried bias voltage collapse, which comprises the following steps: and (3) applying an anti-bias support pile 1 to a bias area of the tunnel portal to be constructed. And determining the opening line of the side elevation slope, the central line of the tunnel and the light-dark junction positions of the semi-bright and semi-dark tunnel to be constructed. And (5) forming a sleeve arch and a big pipe shed at the juncture of the light and the shade. And sequentially applying a soil cow arch tire 3, a primary steel arch support 2 of the first section, a primary steel arch support 5 of the second section and a longitudinal support steel pipe 6 in a semi-open area of a semi-open and semi-dark tunnel to be constructed. The surface of the anti-bias support pile 1 near the side of the tunnel is cleaned. And binding a reinforcement cage of the pile plate wall 7 on one side, close to the tunnel, of the anti-bias support pile 1 to obtain a pouring space. And pouring rubble concrete in the pouring space, and backfilling the rubble concrete between the anti-bias support piles 1 and the mountain bodies above the primary support 2 of the first section steel arch and the primary support 5 of the second section steel arch to serve as a support cover 8. And (5) digging and supporting the hidden hole. In the construction process, the anti-bias support pile 1 is used as a lateral support at a tunnel portal, and rubble concrete is backfilled between the first section steel arch primary support 2 and the second section steel arch primary support 5 and between the anti-bias support pile 1 and the mountain body to be used as a support cover 8, so that the anti-bias support pile 1, the first section steel arch primary support 2, the second section steel arch primary support 5, the support cover 8 and the mountain body are formed into a stress balance whole, and the excavation in a semi-bright semi-dark section bias stress state is changed into the dark tunnel excavation in a balance stress state. The bias unloading and protection engineering quantity is reduced, the construction cost is reduced, and meanwhile, the damage to mountain and vegetation in the construction process is reduced. In addition, the safety in the construction process and the safety of the tunnel in the operation period are ensured.
In practical application, the soil cow arch tire 3, the primary support of the first section steel arch, the primary support of the second section steel arch 5 and the longitudinal support steel pipe 6 are sequentially applied to a semi-open area of a semi-open and semi-dark tunnel to be constructed, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
and (3) applying the soil cattle arch tires 3 to a semi-bright area of the semi-bright and semi-dark tunnel to be constructed.
And excavating foundation trenches of the primary supports 2 of the first section of steel arch and the primary supports 5 of the second section of steel arch on the mountain.
And finishing the junction of the mountain slope surface 9 and the primary support 2 of the first section of steel arch and the primary support 5 of the second section of steel arch to be placed.
The primary support 2 of the first section steel arch and the primary support 5 of the second section steel arch are supported.
And spraying concrete on the primary supports 2 and 5 of the first section steel arch frame.
And arranging a longitudinal support steel pipe 6 in a semi-open area of the semi-open and semi-dark tunnel to be constructed. The longitudinal shearing resistance of the supporting cover 8 is improved due to the arrangement of the longitudinal supporting steel pipes 6, the pre-supporting effect of the supporting cover 8 is enhanced, and the safety of tunnel excavation is guaranteed together with a greenhouse.
Specifically, before the primary support 2 of the first section steel arch and the primary support 5 of the second section steel arch are supported, the method further comprises the following steps:
and processing and manufacturing a plurality of first steel arches of the first section of steel arch primary support 2 according to the arc length actually measured on site and numbering the arc lengths.
And splicing the numbered first steel arches to obtain a primary support 2 of the first section of steel arch.
And processing and manufacturing a plurality of second steel arches of the second section of steel arch primary support 5 according to the arc length actually measured on site and numbering the arc lengths.
And splicing the numbered second steel arches to obtain a first section of steel arch primary support 5.
In the construction process, a plurality of first steel arches and a plurality of second steel arches are numbered, so that the lengths of the steel arches spliced with the first steel arches can be adjusted conveniently, and further the whole-ring steel arches are ensured to meet design requirements and specification requirements after being spliced.
In practical application, the soil cow arch tire 3 is applied to a semi-bright area of a semi-bright and semi-dark tunnel to be constructed, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
and (3) applying a soil cattle arch tire 3 with a contour line larger than the tunnel excavation contour line to a semi-bright area of the semi-bright and semi-dark tunnel to be constructed. During construction, the construction of the soil cow arch tire 3 is accurately controlled by lofting according to parameters such as a tunnel central line and a contour line obtained in a design file, so that the contour line of the soil cow arch tire 3 is larger than the contour line of tunnel excavation, and the contour line of the soil cow arch tire 3 is generally 25 cm-30 cm larger than the contour line of tunnel excavation.
Specifically, the foundation trench of the first section steel arch primary support 2 and the second section steel arch primary support 5 is excavated, and the foundation trench comprises the following steps:
the foundation is excavated on the mountain body, the foundation grooves of the first section steel arch primary support 2 and the second section steel arch primary support 5 which are longitudinally in the shape of steps parallel to different sections of the tunnel axis are reserved, and the outer sides of the foundation grooves of the first section steel arch primary support 2 are tightly attached to one side, close to the tunnel, of the anti-bias support pile 1. In the construction process, the foundation trench excavation at the contact position of the lower end of the primary support 2 of the first-stage steel arch centering and the mountain slope adopts an excavator to excavate, and as the foundation is generally positioned on a harder rock stratum, the foundation trench excavation is in a bias state of huge surrounding rock for preventing the foundation trench excavation from disturbing the mountain too much and even damaging the original stress balance of the mountain. The base is arranged longitudinally in a stepped fashion parallel to the different sections of the tunnel axis and the outer side of the base channel of the primary steel arch support 2 should lie against the side of the anti-bias support pile 1 close to the tunnel.
In practical application, the junction of the mountain slope 9 with the primary steel arch support 2 of the first section and the primary steel arch support 5 of the second section to be placed is trimmed, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
the junction of the trimming mountain slope 9 with the primary steel arch support 2 of the first section and the primary steel arch support 5 of the second section is in a straight line section step shape parallel to the tunnel axis. In the construction process, the junction of the mountain slope 9 and the primary support 2 of the first section steel arch and the primary support 5 of the second section steel arch to be placed is manually trimmed to a denser rock surface, the manual trimming is high in trimming precision, trimming can be performed according to the design requirement of a drawing, and the shape of the toe 4 after trimming is shown in fig. 4. Because the mountain slope 9 generally forms a certain included angle with the tunnel axis, in order to facilitate the processing of the first steel arch and the second steel arch and the blanking processing and the quality control of the primary support of the steel arch which is in butt joint with the first steel arch and the second steel arch in the later period, 3-5 steel frames are generally taken as a block section, the contact surface of the steel arch and the mountain slope 9 is arranged into a straight line section step shape parallel to the tunnel axis, and the upper end of the steel arch is provided with a foot locking anchor rod. The contact surface of the steel arch and the mountain slope 9 is arranged to be in a straight line section step shape parallel to the tunnel axis, so that the contact area of the steel arch and the mountain slope 9 can be increased, the strength of the steel arch is further increased, and the construction safety is further ensured. Except for the junction of the roller-finishing mountain slope 9 and the primary steel arch support 2 of the first section and the primary steel arch support 5 of the second section to be placed, the junction of the support cover 8 and the mountain slope 9 is subjected to local cleaning and trimming, so that the safety of the subsequent tunnel excavation support is ensured, and the natural vegetation of the side elevation slope is protected to the greatest extent.
Further, a sleeve arch and a big pipe shed are arranged at the juncture of the light and the shade, which comprises the following steps:
and forming a sleeve arch at the juncture of the light and the shade. In practical application, after the sleeving arch at the light-dark juncture is finished, the primary support 2 of the first section of steel arch and the primary support 5 of the second section of steel arch can be sequentially applied to the semi-open area of the semi-open and semi-dark tunnel to be constructed.
Holes are formed in mountain bodies in the semi-dark areas by adopting a pipe following method, and pipe loading is performed to form a greenhouse. In the construction process, the pipe shed in the mountain in the semi-dark area can be applied after the construction of the sleeve arch is completed, and also can be applied after the pouring of the support cover 8 is completed, namely, the pipe shed in the mountain in the semi-dark area can be applied in the step 103, and also can be applied after the completion of the step 107. Because the tunnel axis and the mountain slope 9 are generally inclined at a certain angle, the semi-exposed area of the tunnel is approximately conical, the primary support 2 of the first section of the steel arch and the primary support 5 of the second section of the steel arch of the semi-exposed area tunnel are firstly applied to the semi-exposed area close to the sleeve arch and then the soil cow arch tire 3 is applied to the semi-exposed area with larger space; and firstly, constructing a soil cow arch tire 3 in a semi-exposed area far away from the sleeve arch and then constructing a first section of steel arch primary support 2 and a second section of steel arch primary support 5 of the tunnel in the semi-exposed area. The construction method not only reduces the backfill amount of the soil cattle arch tire 3 and the engineering amount of excavation in the later-stage hole, but also is convenient for the first section steel arch primary support 2 and the second section steel arch primary support 5 of the semi-exposed area to be firstly applied, and reduces the construction difficulty.
Specifically, after backfilling rubble concrete as a supporting cover 8 between the anti-bias support pile 1 and the mountain above the primary steel arch support 2 and the primary steel arch support 5, the method further comprises the following steps:
backfill 16 is provided between the anti-bias support piles 1 and the mountain above the support cover 8. After the soil 16 above the support cover 8 and between the anti-bias support pile 1 and the mountain is backfilled, vegetation can be planted on the backfilled soil 16 to realize greening between the support cover 8 and between the anti-bias support pile 1 and the mountain, so that the vegetation planted on the soil 16 and the original vegetation on the mountain slope 9 are perfectly combined, the attractiveness of a tunnel is improved, and meanwhile, natural disasters such as landslide and debris flow can be prevented due to vegetation planting. And the soil 16 can absorb some rainwater when raining, makes rainwater etc. not direct contact the monolithic concrete, reduces the harm to monolithic concrete, improves half bright and half dark tunnel's life.
In practical application, the method for digging and supporting the hidden hole specifically comprises the following steps:
an upper step 10 and a middle step 11 in the tunnel are excavated in sequence.
A third section of steel arch primary support 13 and a fourth section of steel arch primary support 14 are sequentially arranged in the tunnel.
A lower step 12 in the tunnel is excavated.
A bottom arch 15 is applied at the bottom of the tunnel.
As shown in fig. 4, when the construction of the semi-bright and semi-dark tunnel portal under the conditions of bias, shallow burying and slumping is converted into the tunnel portal excavation supporting construction under the stress balance state, firstly, an upper step 10 and a middle step 11 in the tunnel are excavated sequentially, then a third section of steel arch primary support 13 and a fourth section of steel arch primary support 14 are sequentially arranged in the tunnel, then a lower step 12 in the tunnel is excavated, and finally, a bottom arch 15 is arranged at the bottom of the tunnel. In the construction process, the first section steel arch primary support 2, the second section steel arch primary support 5, the third section steel arch primary support 13, the fourth section steel arch primary support 14 and the bottom arch 15 are sequentially connected, so that the inside of the tunnel becomes a whole, and the safety of the tunnel operation period is ensured.
In order to more clearly demonstrate the present invention, engineering examples are given below.
As shown in fig. 2 to 3, a certain highway tunnel is a separated widened short tunnel, the building limit width is 12.75m, and the clear height is 5m. The left line mileage stake number of the tunnel is ZK33+320-ZKZK33+482, the length is 162m, the left line entrance mileage stake number of the tunnel is ZK33+320, the half-bright and half-dark starting mileage stake number is ZK33+325, the dark hole mileage stake number is ZK33+345, the open cut length is 5m, and the half-bright and half-dark section length is 20m. The tunnel lining type is V-level reinforcement, the tunnel portal advanced support is phi 108 pipe shed, the permanent support is I22a type steel arch centering, and the distance is 60cm. According to the geological survey data, the entrance section of the tunnel is mainly fault breccia and mixed rocks, the partial clamp metamorphic neutral eruption rock is made of brown gray metamorphic quartz sandstone at the bottom and the top, and the surrounding rock grade is divided into V grades. The surface layer of the slope deposit of the tunnel portal is collapsed due to the influence of continuous rainfall, the construction unit organizes four site meetings respectively, relevant experts are invited to conduct site investigation on the left line entrance of the tunnel, and after the experts, design, supervision and construction unit fully discuss and study, the reinforcement scheme of the left line entrance of the tunnel is determined. The semi-bright and semi-dark section at the tunnel entrance uses the anti-bias support pile 1 as a lateral support, and rubble concrete is backfilled between the first section steel arch primary support 2 and the second section steel arch primary support 5 and between the anti-bias support pile 1 and the mountain as a support cover 8, so that the excavation of the semi-bright and semi-dark section is changed into the excavation of a dark tunnel, and better economic and social benefits are obtained.
Through on-site checking of the topography and geological conditions, the situation that rock stratum is broken and vegetation soil on the surface layer of the slope is locally slid is found, and the following hole entering construction method is determined by combining design files and on-site investigation and demonstration:
and (3) applying an anti-bias support pile 1 to a bias area of the tunnel portal to be constructed. When the construction platform of the anti-bias support pile 1 is flattened, the damage to the original slope surface is reduced as much as possible, and the slope around the orifice is protected by adopting necessary anchor spraying; the hole body excavation adopts a mechanical excavation method.
The method comprises the steps of (1) constructing a tunnel shed in a semi-dark area of a semi-bright and semi-dark tunnel to be constructed, and installing a semi-bright area shed steel pipe in place before constructing a concrete supporting cover 8 in the area;
and (3) constructing a part of steel arch primary support in a semi-exposed area of the semi-exposed and semi-hidden tunnel to be constructed, and backfilling soil bodies in small areas which are not constructed with the steel arch primary support to form the soil cattle arch tire 3.
And backfilling rubble concrete between the anti-bias support pile 1 and the mountain above the primary support of the steel arch as a support cover 8. Before construction, loose soil at the junction of the support cover 8 and the mountain body is removed, the inner side surface of the anti-bias support pile 1 is roughened and cleaned, and the pile plate wall 7 between the support cover 8 and the anti-bias support pile 1 and the support cover 8 are synchronously cast and formed at one time.
And converting into underground three-step roof truss-by-roof truss excavation supporting.
According to the construction embodiment, firstly, the construction safety in the tunnel entering construction process of the semi-bright and semi-dark tunnel under the condition of shallow buried bias voltage slump is guaranteed to the greatest extent, secondly, the damage to the natural environment of the side elevation slope of the tunnel opening in the construction process is small, the original vegetation state is basically maintained, and under the setting of later greening, the road area environment is more close to nature, and the ecological civilization construction tends to be extremely good.
In this specification, each embodiment is described in a progressive manner, and the same or similar parts of each embodiment are referred to each other, and each embodiment is mainly described as a difference from other embodiments.
The above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present application, and not for limiting the present application; although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it should be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some or all of the technical features thereof can be replaced with equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit of the corresponding technical solutions.
Claims (7)
1. The semi-bright and semi-dark tunnel hole entering construction method under the condition of shallow buried bias voltage collapse is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
an anti-bias support pile (1) is applied to a bias area of a semi-open and semi-dark tunnel portal to be constructed;
determining the side elevation slope opening line, the tunnel center line and the light-dark junction position of the semi-bright and semi-dark tunnel to be constructed;
a sleeve arch and a big pipe shed are arranged at the juncture of the light and the shade;
sequentially applying a soil cow arch tire (3), a first section steel arch primary support (2), a second section steel arch primary support (5) and a longitudinal support steel pipe (6) in a semi-open area of the semi-open and semi-dark tunnel to be constructed;
the soil cow arch tire (3) is applied to a semi-bright area of the semi-bright and semi-dark tunnel to be constructed;
digging foundation grooves of the first section steel arch primary support (2) and the second section steel arch primary support (5) on a mountain;
finishing the junction of the mountain slope (9) with the primary support (2) of the first section steel arch and the primary support (5) of the second section steel arch to be placed;
processing and manufacturing a plurality of first steel arches of the first section steel arch primary support (2) according to the arc length actually measured on site and numbering the arc length;
splicing the numbered first steel arches to obtain the primary support (2) of the first section of steel arch;
processing and manufacturing a plurality of second steel arches of the second section steel arch primary support (5) according to the arc length actually measured on site and numbering the second steel arches;
splicing the numbered second steel arches to obtain a primary support (5) of the second section of steel arch;
-erecting the first section steel arch primary support (2) and the second section steel arch primary support (5);
spraying concrete on the primary support (2) of the first section steel arch and the primary support (5) of the second section steel arch;
the longitudinal support steel pipe (6) is arranged in a semi-open area of the semi-open and semi-dark tunnel to be constructed;
cleaning the surface of the anti-bias support pile (1) close to one side of the tunnel;
binding a reinforcement cage of a pile plate wall (7) on one side, close to a tunnel, of the anti-bias support pile (1) to obtain a pouring space;
pouring rubble concrete in the pouring space, and backfilling rubble concrete between the anti-bias support piles (1) and the mountain bodies above the primary support (2) of the first section steel arch and the primary support (5) of the second section steel arch to serve as a support cover (8);
and (5) digging and supporting the hidden hole.
2. The method for constructing a half-open and half-dark tunnel under the condition of shallow-buried bias collapse according to claim 1, wherein the soil cattle arch (3) is constructed in a half-open area of the half-open and half-dark tunnel to be constructed, specifically comprising the following steps:
and (3) the soil cattle arch tire (3) with the contour line larger than the tunnel excavation contour line is arranged in the semi-bright area of the semi-bright and semi-dark tunnel to be constructed.
3. A semi-open and semi-dark tunnel in shallow buried bias collapse condition according to claim 1, wherein said excavation of foundation trenches of said first section steel arch primary support (2) and said second section steel arch primary support (5) comprises the steps of:
the foundation grooves of the first section steel arch primary support (2) and the second section steel arch primary support (5) which are of the steps of different sections parallel to the tunnel axis are excavated on the mountain, and the outer sides of the foundation grooves of the first section steel arch primary support (2) are clung to one side, close to the tunnel, of the anti-bias support pile (1).
4. The method for constructing a semi-open and semi-dark tunnel under the condition of shallow-buried bias collapse according to claim 1, wherein the junction of the slope surface (9) of the trimmed mountain with the primary steel arch support (2) of the first section and the primary steel arch support (5) of the second section is to be placed, specifically comprising the following steps:
the junction of the trimming mountain slope (9) with the primary support (2) of the first section steel arch and the primary support (5) of the second section steel arch is in a straight line section step shape parallel to the tunnel axis.
5. The method for constructing a semi-bright and semi-dark tunnel under the condition of shallow bias collapse according to claim 1, wherein the method is characterized in that a sleeve arch and a greenhouse are arranged at the light-dark juncture, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
forming a sleeve arch at the light-dark juncture;
holes are formed in mountain bodies in the semi-dark areas by adopting a pipe following method, and pipe loading is performed to form a greenhouse.
6. A method of constructing a semi-open and semi-dark tunnel under shallow-buried bias collapse according to claim 1, wherein after backfilling rubble concrete as a supporting cover (8) above the primary steel arch support (2) and the primary steel arch support (5) of the second section and between the bias-resistant support pile (1) and the mountain, the method further comprises the steps of:
and backfilling soil (16) is arranged above the support cover (8) and between the anti-bias support pile (1) and the mountain.
7. The method for constructing the semi-open and semi-dark tunnel under the condition of shallow buried bias voltage collapse according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
sequentially excavating an upper step (10) and a middle step (11) in a tunnel;
a third section of steel arch primary support (13) and a fourth section of steel arch primary support (14) are sequentially arranged in the tunnel;
excavating a lower step (12) in a tunnel;
a bottom arch (15) is applied to the bottom of the tunnel.
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| FR2522722A1 (en) * | 1982-03-06 | 1983-09-09 | Salzgitter Maschinen Ag | TRIMMING MESH FOR SUPPORTING UNDERGROUND GALLERIES |
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| US20180030684A1 (en) * | 2015-02-13 | 2018-02-01 | Bebo Arch International Ag | Arched cut-and-cover structure and method of its construction |
| CN107476809B (en) * | 2017-09-05 | 2019-06-11 | 长安大学 | A kind of large deformation control method of chlorite schist stratum longspan tunnel |
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| FR2522722A1 (en) * | 1982-03-06 | 1983-09-09 | Salzgitter Maschinen Ag | TRIMMING MESH FOR SUPPORTING UNDERGROUND GALLERIES |
| US4531782A (en) * | 1982-06-11 | 1985-07-30 | Coal Industry (Patents) Ltd. | Mining equipment |
| CN101725358A (en) * | 2008-10-31 | 2010-06-09 | 中铁四局集团有限公司 | Excavation construction method of ultra-shallow buried uneven weathered stratum of tunnel |
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