CN113912422A - Antibacterial ceramic tile and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Antibacterial ceramic tile and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN113912422A CN113912422A CN202111090370.5A CN202111090370A CN113912422A CN 113912422 A CN113912422 A CN 113912422A CN 202111090370 A CN202111090370 A CN 202111090370A CN 113912422 A CN113912422 A CN 113912422A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/45—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements
- C04B41/52—Multiple coating or impregnating multiple coating or impregnating with the same composition or with compositions only differing in the concentration of the constituents, is classified as single coating or impregnation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C8/00—Enamels; Glazes; Fusion seal compositions being frit compositions having non-frit additions
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/009—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone characterised by the material treated
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/80—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone of only ceramics
- C04B41/81—Coating or impregnation
- C04B41/89—Coating or impregnation for obtaining at least two superposed coatings having different compositions
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C2204/00—Glasses, glazes or enamels with special properties
- C03C2204/02—Antibacterial glass, glaze or enamel
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P40/00—Technologies relating to the processing of minerals
- Y02P40/60—Production of ceramic materials or ceramic elements, e.g. substitution of clay or shale by alternative raw materials, e.g. ashes
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Abstract
The invention discloses an antibacterial ceramic tile which comprises a ceramic tile blank body, wherein a surface glaze layer, an ink-jet printing layer, a protective glaze layer and an electrostatic antibacterial glaze layer are sequentially arranged on the ceramic tile blank body, and the glazing method of the electrostatic antibacterial glaze layer is an electrostatic glaze spraying process; the electrostatic antibacterial glaze comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 10-40% of antibacterial powder and Al2O31-3.5% of kaolin, 5-8% of electrostatic assistant, 11-16% of humectant, 0.3-1% of dispersant and the balance of water. Correspondingly, the invention also discloses a preparation method of the matte-surface antibacterial ceramic tile, which comprises the steps of applying surface glaze, printing patterns, applying protective glaze, applying electrostatic spraying antibacterial glaze on a ceramic tile blank, and sintering in a kiln to obtain the antibacterial ceramic tile. The antibacterial ceramic tile provided by the invention has the advantages of rich glaze effect, good color development, low glossiness, good stain resistance and lasting and efficient antibacterial performance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of ceramics, in particular to an antibacterial ceramic tile and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The ceramic tile, as an important building decoration material, provides rich and colorful decoration possibility for our life. However, with the progress of times, the sanitary standard requirements of people on life and working environment are higher and higher, and the characteristics of the ceramic tiles such as antibiosis, antivirus and anti-mildew are raised again due to the influence of the new coronary pneumonia epidemic situation in recent two years.
At present, the head enterprises in some ceramic industries also pay more and more attention to the development of antibacterial ceramic tiles. The mainstream idea at present is to add an antibacterial material into a protective glaze, for example, patent document CN 110698227 a discloses an antibacterial ceramic tile prepared by adding some zirconium phosphate loaded composite antibacterial agents into a common protective glaze and a preparation method thereof, but in the practical production process of the method, antibacterial ions are fused into the glaze, the condition of unstable antibacterial performance occurs, and the product quality is seriously affected. Besides, the antibacterial ceramic tile can be successfully prepared by preparing the antibacterial layer on the surface of the protective glaze under the condition of not influencing the glaze effect of the ceramic tile. For example, patent document CN 109095951 a discloses an antibacterial ceramic tile printed by digital ink-jet printing and a preparation method thereof, namely, an antibacterial material is prepared into ink, and then the surface of a protective glaze is subjected to ink-jet printing to prepare the antibacterial ceramic tile.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing an antibacterial ceramic tile which has the advantages of rich glaze effect, good hand feeling, low glaze glossiness, good stain resistance, and continuous and efficient antibacterial performance.
The invention also aims to solve the technical problem of providing the preparation method of the antibacterial ceramic tile, which has the advantages of simple preparation process, convenient operation, small influence on the production process of the existing matte surface ceramic tile and no damage to the glaze effect and color development of the existing ceramic tile.
In order to achieve the technical effects, the invention provides an antibacterial ceramic tile which comprises a ceramic tile blank body, wherein a surface glaze layer, an ink-jet printing layer, a protective glaze layer and an electrostatic antibacterial glaze layer are sequentially arranged on the ceramic tile blank body, and the glazing method of the electrostatic antibacterial glaze layer is an electrostatic glaze spraying process;
the electrostatic antibacterial glaze comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 10-40% of antibacterial powder and Al2O31-3.5% of kaolin, 5-8% of electrostatic assistant, 11-16% of humectant, 0.3-1% of dispersant and the balance of water.
Preferably, the glazing method of the overglaze layer is bell jar glaze spraying or high-pressure glaze spraying, and the overglaze comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 30-42% of potash feldspar, 1-9% of kaolin, 1-10% of dolomite, 9-15% of alumina, 15-20% of talc, 5-10% of zinc oxide, 12-15% of barium carbonate and 10-20% of zirconium silicate.
Preferably, the inkjet printing layer is obtained by printing color ink by a digital inkjet machine.
Preferably, the glazing method of the protective glaze layer is one of bell jar glaze spraying, high-pressure glaze spraying and ink-jet printing, and the protective glaze comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 35-38% of potash feldspar, 10-15% of dolomite, 10-15% of kaolin, 10-16% of quartz, 5-12% of talc, 5-8% of zinc oxide, 6-10% of strontium carbonate and 2-6% of barium carbonate.
Preferably, the glossiness of the antibacterial ceramic tile is 5-30 degrees, and the antifouling performance is more than or equal to grade 4;
the antibacterial ceramic tile has an antibacterial effect on staphylococcus aureus of more than or equal to 99.99%, an antibacterial effect on escherichia coli of more than or equal to 99.99%, an antibacterial durable effect on staphylococcus aureus of more than or equal to 99.99%, and an antibacterial durable effect on escherichia coli of more than or equal to 99.99%.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the antibacterial ceramic tile, which comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing a ceramic tile blank body, and glazing the ceramic tile blank body to form a surface glaze layer;
s2, forming an ink-jet printing layer on the overglaze layer;
s3, applying protective glaze on the surface of the ink-jet printing layer to form a protective glaze layer;
s4, applying electrostatic antibacterial glaze on the protective glaze layer by an electrostatic glaze spraying process to form an electrostatic antibacterial glaze layer and obtain an antibacterial ceramic tile green body;
and S5, drying the antibacterial ceramic tile green body, and then, conveying the antibacterial ceramic tile green body to a kiln for sintering to obtain the finished antibacterial ceramic tile.
Preferably, in step S1, the overglaze is applied by bell jar glaze spraying or high pressure glaze spraying to obtain an overglaze layer;
the overglaze comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 30-42% of potash feldspar, 1-9% of kaolin, 1-10% of dolomite, 9-15% of alumina, 15-20% of talc, 5-10% of zinc oxide, 12-15% of barium carbonate and 10-20% of zirconium silicate;
the glazing amount of the overglaze is 200-500 g/m2。
Preferably, in step S3, applying a protective glaze by bell jar glaze spraying or high-pressure glaze spraying;
the protective glaze comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 35-38% of potash feldspar, 10-15% of dolomite, 10-15% of kaolin, 10-16% of quartz, 5-12% of talc, 5-8% of zinc oxide, 6-10% of strontium carbonate and 2-6% of barium carbonate;
the glazing amount of the protective glaze is 50-250 g/m2。
Preferably, in step S4, applying an electrostatic antibacterial glaze on the surface of the protective glaze layer by using an electrostatic glaze spraying machine to obtain an electrostatic antibacterial glaze layer;
the electrostatic antibacterial glaze comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 10-40% of antibacterial powder and Al2O31-3.5% of kaolin, 5-8% of electrostatic assistant, 11-16% of humectant, 0.3-1% of dispersant and the balance of water;
the glazing amount of the electrostatic antibacterial glaze layer is 10-100 g/m2；
The electrostatic voltage of the electrostatic glaze spraying machine during working is 30-60 kV, the rotating speed of the spray head disc is 80000-120000 rpm, the rotating air pressure of the spray head is 4-6 Kg, and the air pressure of the spray head for blowing and floating is 3-5 Kg.
Preferably, the prepared antibacterial ceramic tile has the glossiness of 5-30 degrees and the antifouling performance of more than or equal to 4 grades;
the antibacterial ceramic tile has an antibacterial effect on staphylococcus aureus of more than or equal to 99.99%, an antibacterial effect on escherichia coli of more than or equal to 99.99%, an antibacterial durable effect on staphylococcus aureus of more than or equal to 99.99%, and an antibacterial durable effect on escherichia coli of more than or equal to 99.99%.
The implementation of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the antibacterial ceramic tile provided by the invention has good glaze performance, good glaze effect, fine and smooth hand feeling, no granular sensation, bright color development of glaze patterns, no chromatic aberration and excellent antifouling capacity.
2. The antibacterial ceramic tile provided by the invention has good antibacterial performance, and specifically, the antibacterial effect of the antibacterial ceramic tile on staphylococcus aureus is more than or equal to 99.99%, and the antibacterial effect on escherichia coli is more than or equal to 99.99%; the antibacterial durable effect on staphylococcus aureus is more than or equal to 99.99 percent, and the antibacterial durable effect on escherichia coli is more than or equal to 99.99 percent.
3. The invention also aims to solve the technical problem of providing the preparation method of the antibacterial ceramic tile, which has the advantages of simple preparation process, convenient operation, small influence on the production process of the existing ceramic tile and no damage to the glaze effect and color development of the existing ceramic tile.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be further described in detail with reference to specific embodiments.
The invention discloses an antibacterial ceramic tile, wherein a surface glaze layer, an ink-jet printing layer, a protective glaze layer and an electrostatic antibacterial glaze layer are sequentially arranged on a ceramic tile blank body, and the glazing method of the electrostatic antibacterial glaze layer is an electrostatic glaze spraying process;
the electrostatic antibacterial glaze comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 10-40% of antibacterial powder and Al2O31-3.5% of kaolin, 5-8% of electrostatic assistant, 11-16% of humectant, 4-12% of dispersant and 0.3-1% of dispersing agentAnd the balance being water.
The antibacterial ceramic tile provided by the invention is characterized in that an electrostatic antibacterial glaze layer is arranged on the protective glaze layer, and the electrostatic antibacterial glaze layer comprises antibacterial powder, alumina, kaolin, an electrostatic assistant, a humectant and a dispersant. The electrostatic antibacterial glaze can be glazed by a glazing method of electrostatic glaze spraying, and endows the ceramic tile glaze with excellent antibacterial performance after being sintered in a kiln, and the ceramic tile glaze has the advantages of low glossiness, pure color development, good texture, fine and smooth glaze and good antifouling performance. The patent creatively provides that an ink-jet printing mode is replaced by an electrostatic glaze spraying mode, and an electrostatic antibacterial glaze layer is prepared on the surface of the tile protective glaze. Through the innovation of the preparation process of the antibacterial glaze, the use particle size of the antibacterial material can be increased, the high-temperature resistance of the antibacterial material is improved, and the antibacterial ceramic tile with remarkable antibacterial effect and lasting antibacterial effectiveness is successfully prepared.
Specifically, the electrostatic antibacterial glaze comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 10-40% of antibacterial powder and Al2O31-3.5% of kaolin, 5-8% of electrostatic assistant, 11-16% of humectant, 0.3-1% of dispersant and the balance of water.
The antibacterial powder is a core component of the electrostatic antibacterial glaze, and preferably comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: SiO 22 41～51％、ZrO2 1～2％、Al2O3 10～20％、B2O3 2～5％、ZnO 10～20％、MgO 1～4％、CaO 4～8％、Na2O 1～7％、K2O 3～4％。
Wherein ZnO is a chemical component with antibacterial effect, when the light irradiation energy exceeds the forbidden bandwidth of ZnO, the electrons (e-) on the valence band are excited and transited to the conduction band, positive charge holes (h +) are left on the valence band, and the electrons and the holes react with oxygen, hydroxyl and water adsorbed on the surface of the material to generate OH and O with strong oxidation activity2-And H2O2And the like, which destroy the cell walls of bacteria, fungi and viruses, cause the outflow of organic matters such as proteins in cells and the like, influence the metabolic process of the organic matters, and kill various bacteria, fungi and viruses.
Preferably, the electrostatic assistant is one or a combination of phenolic resin, epoxy resin, acrylic resin, polyurethane resin, LiCl and NaCl. The electrostatic assistant endows the electrostatic antibacterial glaze with certain electrostatic property, so that the electrostatic antibacterial glaze can meet the technological requirements of electrostatic glaze spraying and is applied to the surface of the protective glaze layer in an electrostatic spraying mode.
Preferably, the humectant is one or a combination of ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, glycerol, sodium carboxymethylcellulose and hydroxyethyl cellulose. The humectant can adjust the drying speed of the electrostatic antibacterial glaze, and the problems of blockage of a sprayer and the like in the process of the electrostatic glaze spraying technology are avoided.
Preferably, the dispersant is one or a combination of sodium polyacrylate and ammonium polyacrylate. The addition of the dispersing agent is beneficial to improving the grinding efficiency of the electrostatic antibacterial glaze, and plays a key role in preparing the electrostatic antibacterial glaze with uniform particles, narrow particle size distribution and small particle size.
In conclusion, the electrostatic antibacterial glaze not only endows the ceramic tile with good antibacterial performance, but also is beneficial to obtaining an antibacterial glaze layer with thin thickness and uniform distribution after glazing the antibacterial ceramic tile protection glaze, and the glaze effect of the ceramic tile is not influenced after sintering, and the glaze has pure color and high texture. Preferably, the glazing amount of the electrostatic antibacterial glaze is 10-100 g/m2。
The ceramic tile blank may be a ceramic tile blank, an antique brick blank, a rock plate blank, etc., and the blank is not limited in the present invention.
The overglaze is very important for the color development of ink, the texture color in the designed pattern can be better highlighted by the color development of the high-quality overglaze, and the requirement of a tile blank on the expansion coefficient of the overglaze is combined, so the raw material composition of the overglaze needs to be strictly optimized. Preferably, the overglaze layer is glazed by adopting a bell jar glaze pouring or high-pressure glaze spraying mode. The overglaze comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 30-42% of potash feldspar, 1-9% of kaolin, 1-10% of dolomite, 9-15% of alumina, 15-20% of talc, 5-10% of zinc oxide, 12-15% of barium carbonate and 10-20% of zirconium silicate.
Specifically, potassium feldspar (K)2O·Al2O3·6SiO2) The potash feldspar is also commonly called as orthoclase, is generally meat red, white or gray, has the average potassium oxide content of about 11.63 percent, belongs to monovalent alkali metal oxides, can reduce the melting temperature of a glaze material, and is beneficial to color development of the glaze material, and more preferably, the mass percent of the potash feldspar is 35-41 percent.
Kaolin and alumina are high-temperature raw materials and provide Al for the formula2O3The problems of high-temperature viscosity of the glaze, uneven glaze surface and poor hand feeling caused by the increase of the proportion of kaolin to alumina in the formula; on the contrary, the low ratio of kaolin to alumina causes the glaze to have low temperature and generate miliaria and other defects. More preferably, the mass percent of the kaolin is 8-9%. The mass percentage of the alumina is 10-13%.
The smooth surface hand feeling of the overglaze can be realized by the dolomite, and preferably, the mass percent of the dolomite is 5-8%.
The addition of talc can also regulate the hand feeling of the glaze surface due to the high whiteness and SiO of talc2The content is high, so that the fired glaze has fine hand feeling, and better, the mass percent of the talc is 16-18%.
The zinc oxide is a divalent alkaline earth metal oxide, and is added to contribute to improving the color development of the glaze surface, and preferably, the mass percent of the zinc oxide is 8-9%.
Barium carbonate is mainly used for promoting the crystallization of the glaze, reducing the glossiness of the glaze and realizing the matte and smooth effect of the glaze. More preferably, the mass percent of the barium carbonate is 12-14%.
In conclusion, by controlling the composition of the overglaze, the overglaze layer obtained by the invention has the advantages of rich glaze effect, pure color development, smooth and fine glaze and good hand feeling.
The glazing amount of the overglaze is different according to different product requirements, and the glazing amount of the overglaze is 200-500 g/m2。
After the overglaze glazing is finished, an inkjet printing layer needs to be formed on the surface of the overglaze layer, and preferably, the inkjet printing layer is obtained by printing color ink through a digital inkjet printer.
Further, the ceramic tile protects the glaze layer to protect the color pattern layer from being damaged, the protective glaze can be dry particles or raw glaze, the use of the dry particles is more transparent than the raw glaze, and the design of the glaze surface can be presented by the maximum effect. Preferably, the raw materials of the protective glaze comprise the following components in percentage by mass: 35-38% of potash feldspar, 10-15% of dolomite, 10-15% of kaolin, 10-16% of quartz, 5-12% of talc, 5-8% of zinc oxide, 6-10% of strontium carbonate and 2-6% of barium carbonate.
The main raw materials in the protective glaze have similar functions to those in the overglaze, and in addition, the addition of quartz is beneficial to controlling the glossiness of the protective glaze and improving the glaze effect; strontium carbonate and barium carbonate act similarly, and are also beneficial to improving the color development of the glaze surface. More preferably, the mass fraction of the potash feldspar is 36-37%, the mass fraction of the dolomite is 11-14%, the mass fraction of the kaolin is 11-14%, the mass fraction of the quartz is 11-15%, the mass fraction of the talc is 6-10%, the mass fraction of the zinc oxide is 6-7%, the mass fraction of the strontium carbonate is 7-9%, and the mass fraction of the barium carbonate is 3-5%. The glazing amount of the protective glaze is different according to different products and processes, and is 50-250 g/m2. More preferably, the glazing amount of the protective glaze is 200g/m2。
Finally, the antibacterial ceramic tile has good glaze performance, specifically, the glaze has fine hand feeling, no granular feeling, rich glaze effect, bright color development of patterns, no chromatic aberration and excellent antifouling capacity. The glossiness of the antibacterial ceramic tile is 5-30 degrees, and the antifouling performance is more than or equal to grade 4; the antibacterial ceramic tile has good antibacterial performance, and preferably, the antibacterial effect of the antibacterial ceramic tile on staphylococcus aureus is more than or equal to 99.99%, and the antibacterial effect of the antibacterial ceramic tile on escherichia coli is more than or equal to 99.99%; the antibacterial durable effect on staphylococcus aureus is more than or equal to 99.99 percent, and the antibacterial durable effect on escherichia coli is more than or equal to 99.99 percent.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the antibacterial ceramic tile, which comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing a ceramic tile blank body, and glazing the ceramic tile blank body to form a surface glaze layer;
s2, forming an ink-jet printing layer on the overglaze layer;
s3, applying protective glaze on the surface of the ink-jet printing layer to form a protective glaze layer;
s4, applying electrostatic antibacterial glaze on the protective glaze layer by an electrostatic glaze spraying process to form an electrostatic antibacterial glaze layer and obtain an antibacterial ceramic tile green body;
and S5, drying the antibacterial ceramic tile green body, and then, conveying the antibacterial ceramic tile green body to a kiln for sintering to obtain the finished antibacterial ceramic tile.
The preparation process of the antibacterial ceramic tile provided by the invention is simple and convenient to operate, the glazing process has no negative influence on color development and hand feeling of the glaze, the glaze effect and glossiness can be kept to the maximum extent, and the glaze performance and the antibacterial performance of the obtained antibacterial ceramic tile are both good. The patent creatively provides that an ink-jet printing mode is replaced by an electrostatic glaze spraying mode, and an electrostatic antibacterial glaze layer is prepared on the surface of the tile protective glaze. Through the innovation of the preparation process of the antibacterial glaze, the use particle size of the antibacterial material can be increased, the high-temperature resistance of the antibacterial material is improved, and the antibacterial ceramic tile with remarkable antibacterial effect and lasting antibacterial effectiveness is successfully prepared.
Specifically, in step S1, the tile blank body may be a tile blank, an antique tile blank, a rock plate blank, etc., and the blank is not limited in the present invention. Preferably, the overglaze layer is glazed by adopting a bell jar glaze pouring or high-pressure glaze spraying mode. The bell jar glaze pouring process is mature, has stable quality and is suitable for overglaze glazing with large glazing quantity requirement; the high-pressure glaze spraying is suitable for preparing wide ceramic tiles, has lower requirements on the performance of glaze slip than bell jar glaze spraying, and is suitable for surface glaze glazing with small glazing amount.
The overglaze is very important for the color development of the ink, the texture color in the designed pattern can be better highlighted by the color development of the high-quality overglaze, and the requirement of a tile blank on the expansion coefficient of the overglaze is combined, so that the raw material composition of the overglaze needs to be strictly optimized, the description of the specific composition components of the overglaze is the same as that of the overglaze, and the description is omitted here. The invention obtains the surface by controlling the composition of the surface glazeThe glaze layer has the advantages of rich glaze effect, pure color development, smooth and fine glaze and good hand feeling. The glazing amount of the overglaze layer can be different according to different product requirements, and the glazing amount of the overglaze layer is 200-500 g/m2。
In step S2, an ink-jet printing layer is formed on the surface of the overglaze layer. The ceramic tile pattern layer is prepared by the ink-jet printing technology, compared with the traditional screen printing and roller printing, the biggest difference is that the ink-jet printing is non-contact printing, the patterns are rich and colorful, the switching is convenient, the printing material is saved, and the like.
In step S3, preferably, the protective glaze is applied by bell jar glaze spraying or high-pressure glaze spraying, and may also be implemented by inkjet printing digital glaze, so as to protect the inkjet printing layer. The composition description of the specific protective glaze is the same as above, and is not repeated herein. The invention obtains the protective glaze layer with high transparency, fine hand feeling and pure color by controlling the components of the protective glaze. The glazing amount of the protective glaze layer is 50-250 g/m2. More preferably, the glazing amount of the protective glaze is 200g/m2。
In step S4, preferably, an electrostatic glaze sprayer is used to apply the antibacterial glaze on the surface of the protective glaze layer to obtain an electrostatic antibacterial glaze layer. Compared with other glazing methods, the electrostatic glaze spraying has the advantages of good glaze water atomization effect, uniform electrostatic adsorption distribution, anhydrous glazing, controllable glazing amount and the like; in addition, the electrostatic oil sprayer has the advantages of simple equipment structure, convenient operation, difficult blockage, easy cleaning, uniform film forming and high coating utilization rate. The electrostatic glaze spraying principle is that glaze particles with negative charges move reversely along the direction of a power line in a negative electric field and are adsorbed to the surface of the protective glaze of the ceramic tile, so that the phenomena of glaze jet flow rebound and paint mist flying are basically avoided.
In the working process of the electrostatic glaze spraying machine, the technological parameters of equipment directly influence the glazing effect, and the equipment parameters of the electrostatic glaze spraying machine need to be controlled in order to obtain an electrostatic antibacterial glaze layer with uniform thickness and a thinner glaze layer. The electrostatic glaze spraying machine is low in voltage, glaze materials sprayed with the electrostatic glaze are prone to agglomeration, the uniformity of an obtained glaze layer is reduced, however, glaze mist breakdown is prone to be caused due to the fact that the electrostatic glaze spraying machine is high in voltage, the electrostatic adsorption process is damaged, and preferably the voltage of the electrostatic glaze spraying machine is 30-60 kV.
The spray head disc rotating speed, the rotating pressure and the blowing floating pressure of the electrostatic glaze spraying machine can control the glaze water atomization effect and the atomization area, reduce the glaze quality defect and avoid the conditions of glaze shortage, glaze shrinkage, glaze slip, uneven glaze corrugation and the like in the initial phase. Preferably, the rotation speed of the nozzle disc is 80000-120000 rpm, the rotation pressure is 4-6 Kg, and the blowing pressure is 3-5 Kg.
Further, in order to maintain the glossiness and the hand sensitivity of the glaze to the maximum extent, the glazing amount of the electrostatic antibacterial glaze layer needs to be controlled, and when the glazing amount of the electrostatic antibacterial glaze layer is too large, the glossiness of the glaze is increased; when the glazing amount of the electrostatic antibacterial glaze layer is too small, a good antibacterial effect cannot be achieved. Preferably, the glazing amount of the electrostatic antibacterial glaze layer is 10-100 g/m2. More preferably, the glazing amount of the electrostatic antibacterial glaze layer is 20-80 g/m2。
The finally obtained antibacterial ceramic tile glaze layer is silky and fine in hand feeling, soft and free of granular feeling, and the glaze surface pattern is bright in color development and free of chromatic aberration, and can pass antifouling tests and antibacterial tests.
In conclusion, the antibacterial ceramic tile prepared by the preparation method has good glaze performance, specifically, the glaze has fine hand feeling, no granular feeling, rich glaze effect, bright pattern color development, no chromatic aberration and excellent antifouling capability. The antibacterial ceramic tile has good antibacterial performance, and preferably, the antibacterial effect of the antibacterial ceramic tile on staphylococcus aureus is more than or equal to 99.99%, and the antibacterial effect of the antibacterial ceramic tile on escherichia coli is more than or equal to 99.99%; the antibacterial durable effect on staphylococcus aureus is more than or equal to 99.99 percent, and the antibacterial durable effect on escherichia coli is more than or equal to 99.99 percent.
The invention is further illustrated by the following specific examples:
example 1
The antibacterial ceramic tile is characterized in that a surface glaze layer, an ink-jet printing layer, a protective glaze layer and an electrostatic antibacterial glaze layer are sequentially arranged on a ceramic tile body, and the glazing method of the electrostatic antibacterial glaze layer is an electrostatic glaze spraying process.
The electrostatic antibacterial glaze comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: antibacterial powder 20% and Al2O33% of kaolin, 5% of static auxiliary agent, 7% of humectant, 1% of dispersant and the balance of water.
The overglaze comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 40% of potash feldspar, 5% of kaolin, 3% of dolomite, 10% of alumina, 15% of talc, 5% of zinc oxide, 12% of barium carbonate and 10% of zirconium silicate.
The protective glaze comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 38% of potash feldspar, 15% of dolomite, 15% of kaolin, 10% of quartz, 10% of talc, 6% of zinc oxide, 6% of strontium carbonate and 2-6% of barium carbonate.
The preparation method of the antibacterial ceramic tile comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing a ceramic tile blank body, and glazing the ceramic tile blank body to form a surface glaze layer;
s2, forming an ink-jet printing layer on the overglaze layer;
s3, applying protective glaze on the surface of the ink-jet printing layer to form a protective glaze layer;
s4, applying electrostatic antibacterial glaze on the protective glaze layer by an electrostatic glaze spraying process to form an electrostatic antibacterial glaze layer and obtain an antibacterial ceramic tile green body;
and S5, drying the antibacterial ceramic tile green body, and then, conveying the antibacterial ceramic tile green body to a kiln for sintering to obtain the finished antibacterial ceramic tile.
Specifically, in S1, the cover glaze is glazed by bell jar spraying to obtain a cover glaze layer, where the glazing amount of the cover glaze is 400g/m2。
In the step S3, glazing the surface of the inkjet printing layer with the protective glaze by using a high-pressure glaze sprayer to form a protective glaze layer; the glazing amount of the protective glaze is 150g/m2。
In step S4, glazing the surface of the protective glaze layer by using an electrostatic glaze spraying machine to obtain an electrostatic antibacterial glaze layer;
the glazing amount of the electrostatic antibacterial glaze is 15g/m2；
The voltage of the electrostatic glaze spraying machine is 30kV, the rotating speed of the nozzle disc is 80000 r/min, the rotating pressure is 4Kg, and the blowing pressure is 3 Kg.
Example 2
The antibacterial ceramic tile is characterized in that a surface glaze layer, an ink-jet printing layer, a protective glaze layer and an electrostatic antibacterial glaze layer are sequentially arranged on a ceramic tile body, and the glazing method of the electrostatic antibacterial glaze layer is an electrostatic glaze spraying process.
The electrostatic antibacterial glaze comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 40% of antibacterial powder and Al2O31 percent of kaolin, 5 percent of static auxiliary agent, 11 percent of humectant, 0.3 percent of dispersant and the balance of water.
The overglaze comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 30% of potash feldspar, 3% of kaolin, 3% of dolomite, 14% of alumina, 20% of talc, 10% of zinc oxide, 15% of barium carbonate and 15% of zirconium silicate.
The protective glaze comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 36% of potash feldspar, 15% of dolomite, 12% of kaolin, 10% of quartz, 9% of talc, 8% of zinc oxide, 10% of strontium carbonate and 2-6% of barium carbonate.
The preparation method of the antibacterial ceramic tile comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing a ceramic tile blank body, and glazing the ceramic tile blank body to form a surface glaze layer;
s2, forming an ink-jet printing layer on the overglaze layer;
s3, applying protective glaze on the surface of the ink-jet printing layer to form a protective glaze layer;
s4, applying electrostatic antibacterial glaze on the protective glaze layer by an electrostatic glaze spraying process to form an electrostatic antibacterial glaze layer and obtain an antibacterial ceramic tile green body;
and S5, drying the antibacterial ceramic tile green body, and then, conveying the antibacterial ceramic tile green body to a kiln for sintering to obtain the finished antibacterial ceramic tile.
Specifically, in S1, the glaze material is sprayed by high pressure glaze sprayingGlazing to obtain a cover glaze layer, wherein the glazing amount of the cover glaze is 200g/m2。
In the step S3, glazing the surface of the inkjet printing layer with the protective glaze material by spraying dry granular glaze on a bell jar to form a protective glaze layer; the glazing amount of the protective glaze is 250g/m2。
In step S4, glazing the surface of the protective glaze layer by using an electrostatic glaze spraying machine to obtain an electrostatic antibacterial glaze layer;
the glazing amount of the electrostatic antibacterial glaze is 50g/m2；
The voltage of the electrostatic glaze spraying machine is 60kV, the rotating speed of the nozzle disc is 120000 rpm, the rotating pressure is 6Kg, and the blowing pressure is 5 Kg.
Example 3
The antibacterial ceramic tile is characterized in that a surface glaze layer, an ink-jet printing layer, a protective glaze layer and an electrostatic antibacterial glaze layer are sequentially arranged on a ceramic tile body, and the glazing method of the electrostatic antibacterial glaze layer is an electrostatic glaze spraying process.
The electrostatic antibacterial glaze comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 10% of antibacterial powder and Al2O31 percent of kaolin, 5 percent of static auxiliary agent, 11 percent of humectant, 0.3 percent of dispersant and the balance of water.
The overglaze comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 42% of potash feldspar, 3% of kaolin, 5% of dolomite, 9% of alumina, 15% of talc, 6% of zinc oxide, 12% of barium carbonate and 18% of zirconium silicate.
The protective glaze comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 36% of potash feldspar, 13% of dolomite, 14% of kaolin, 10% of quartz, 6% of talc, 8% of zinc oxide, 10% of strontium carbonate and 3% of barium carbonate.
The preparation method of the antibacterial ceramic tile comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing a ceramic tile blank body, and glazing the ceramic tile blank body to form a surface glaze layer;
s2, forming an ink-jet printing layer on the overglaze layer;
s3, applying protective glaze on the surface of the ink-jet printing layer to form a protective glaze layer;
s4, applying electrostatic antibacterial glaze on the protective glaze layer by an electrostatic glaze spraying process to form an electrostatic antibacterial glaze layer and obtain an antibacterial ceramic tile green body;
and S5, drying the antibacterial ceramic tile green body, and then, conveying the antibacterial ceramic tile green body to a kiln for sintering to obtain the finished antibacterial ceramic tile.
Specifically, in S1, the cover glaze is glazed by bell jar spraying to obtain a cover glaze layer, where the glazing amount of the cover glaze is 350g/m2。
In the step S3, glazing the surface of the inkjet printing layer with the protective glaze by using a digital inkjet printer to form a protective glaze layer; the glazing amount of the digital protective glaze ink is 55g/m2。
In step S4, glazing the surface of the protective glaze layer by using an electrostatic glaze spraying machine to obtain an electrostatic antibacterial glaze layer;
the glazing amount of the electrostatic antibacterial glaze is 80g/m2；
The voltage of the electrostatic glaze spraying machine is 45kV, the rotating speed of the nozzle disc is 100000 r/min, the rotating pressure is 5Kg, and the blowing pressure is 4 Kg.
The antibacterial tile in the embodiment 1-3 is subjected to antibacterial and glaze performance tests, and the test results of the antibacterial tile antibacterial test method refer to JC/T897-2014 antibacterial ceramic product antibacterial performance and JC/T897-2014 antibacterial functional of antibacterial ceramic product test results are shown in Table 1. Therefore, the antibacterial ceramic tile has good antibacterial performance and glaze surface performance.
TABLE 1 results of testing the performances of the antibacterial tiles of examples 1 to 3
While the foregoing is directed to the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. The antibacterial ceramic tile is characterized by comprising a ceramic tile blank body, wherein a surface glaze layer, an ink-jet printing layer, a protective glaze layer and an electrostatic antibacterial glaze layer are sequentially arranged on the ceramic tile blank body, and the glazing method of the electrostatic antibacterial glaze layer is an electrostatic glaze spraying process;
the electrostatic antibacterial glaze comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 10-40% of antibacterial powder and Al2O31-3.5% of kaolin, 5-8% of electrostatic assistant, 11-16% of humectant, 0.3-1% of dispersant and the balance of water.
2. The antibacterial ceramic tile according to claim 1, wherein the glazing method of the overglaze layer is bell jar glaze spraying or high-pressure glaze spraying, and the overglaze comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 30-42% of potash feldspar, 1-9% of kaolin, 1-10% of dolomite, 9-15% of alumina, 15-20% of talc, 5-10% of zinc oxide, 12-15% of barium carbonate and 10-20% of zirconium silicate.
3. The antimicrobial tile according to claim 1, wherein said ink jet printed coating is produced by printing a color ink with a digital ink jet printer.
4. The antibacterial ceramic tile according to claim 1, wherein the glaze applying method of the protective glaze layer is one of bell jar glaze spraying, high-pressure glaze spraying and ink-jet printing, and the protective glaze comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 35-38% of potash feldspar, 10-15% of dolomite, 10-15% of kaolin, 10-16% of quartz, 5-12% of talc, 5-8% of zinc oxide, 6-10% of strontium carbonate and 2-6% of barium carbonate.
5. The antibacterial ceramic tile according to claim 1, wherein the glossiness of the antibacterial ceramic tile is 5-30 degrees, and the antifouling property is not less than 4 grade;
the antibacterial ceramic tile has an antibacterial effect on staphylococcus aureus of more than or equal to 99.99%, an antibacterial effect on escherichia coli of more than or equal to 99.99%, an antibacterial durable effect on staphylococcus aureus of more than or equal to 99.99%, and an antibacterial durable effect on escherichia coli of more than or equal to 99.99%.
6. A method for preparing an antibacterial ceramic tile according to any one of claims 1 to 5, comprising the steps of:
s1, preparing a ceramic tile blank body, and glazing the ceramic tile blank body to form a surface glaze layer;
s2, forming an ink-jet printing layer on the overglaze layer;
s3, applying protective glaze on the surface of the ink-jet printing layer to form a protective glaze layer;
s4, applying electrostatic antibacterial glaze on the protective glaze layer by an electrostatic glaze spraying process to form an electrostatic antibacterial glaze layer and obtain an antibacterial ceramic tile green body;
and S5, drying the antibacterial ceramic tile green body, and then, conveying the antibacterial ceramic tile green body to a kiln for sintering to obtain the finished antibacterial ceramic tile.
7. The method for preparing antibacterial ceramic tile according to claim 6, wherein in step S1, the overglaze is applied by bell jar glaze spraying or high pressure glaze spraying to obtain an overglaze layer;
the overglaze comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 30-42% of potash feldspar, 1-9% of kaolin, 1-10% of dolomite, 9-15% of alumina, 15-20% of talc, 5-10% of zinc oxide, 12-15% of barium carbonate and 10-20% of zirconium silicate;
the glazing amount of the overglaze is 200-500 g/m2。
8. The method for preparing antibacterial ceramic tile according to claim 6, wherein in step S3, protective glaze is applied by bell jar glaze spraying or high pressure glaze spraying;
the protective glaze comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 35-38% of potash feldspar, 10-15% of dolomite, 10-15% of kaolin, 10-16% of quartz, 5-12% of talc, 5-8% of zinc oxide, 6-10% of strontium carbonate and 2-6% of barium carbonate;
the glazing amount of the protective glaze is 50-250 g/m2。
9. The method for preparing an antibacterial ceramic tile according to claim 6, wherein in step S4, an electrostatic glaze spraying machine is used to apply the electrostatic antibacterial glaze on the surface of the protective glaze layer to obtain an electrostatic antibacterial glaze layer;
the electrostatic antibacterial glaze comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 10-40% of antibacterial powder and Al2O31-3.5% of kaolin, 5-8% of electrostatic assistant, 11-16% of humectant, 0.3-1% of dispersant and the balance of water;
the glazing amount of the electrostatic antibacterial glaze layer is 10-100 g/m2；
The electrostatic voltage of the electrostatic glaze spraying machine during working is 30-60 kV, the rotating speed of the spray head disc is 80000-120000 rpm, the rotating air pressure of the spray head is 4-6 Kg, and the air pressure of the spray head for blowing and floating is 3-5 Kg.
10. The preparation method of the antibacterial ceramic tile according to claim 6, wherein the prepared antibacterial ceramic tile has the glossiness of 5-30 degrees and the antifouling performance of more than or equal to 4 grades;
the antibacterial ceramic tile has an antibacterial effect on staphylococcus aureus of more than or equal to 99.99%, an antibacterial effect on escherichia coli of more than or equal to 99.99%, an antibacterial durable effect on staphylococcus aureus of more than or equal to 99.99%, and an antibacterial durable effect on escherichia coli of more than or equal to 99.99%.
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| CN116395967A (en) * | 2023-03-09 | 2023-07-07 | 箭牌家居集团股份有限公司 | Glaze, weak texture pure-color ceramic product and preparation method thereof |
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