CN113912184A - Method for improving sewage treatment effect of low CN ratio - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for improving the treatment effect of sewage with a low CN ratio, and relates to a method for improving the treatment effect of sewage with a low CN ratio. The invention aims to solve the problems of poor nitrogen and phosphorus removal effect, large sludge production and difficult domestic food waste treatment in the low carbon-nitrogen ratio sewage treatment. The method comprises the following steps: domesticating the inoculated sludge, and feeding the domesticated sludge into an anaerobic reactor and a facultative reactor; pumping sewage into an anaerobic reactor, delivering a sulfur electron acceptor into the bottom of the anaerobic reactor, pumping anaerobic effluent into a facultative reactor, delivering treated water into an aerobic tank, pumping a part of water back to the facultative anaerobic reactor for continuous reaction, discharging the rest part of water into a sedimentation tank, and refluxing sludge to the anaerobic reactor; when the carbon-nitrogen ratio is low, the additional carbon source supplement is carried out through the food waste carbon source conversion device. The method is used for improving the treatment effect of the sewage with low CN ratio. The method realizes the nitrogen and phosphorus removal of the municipal sewage with low carbon-nitrogen ratio, the deep removal of suspended matters, the reduction and harmless treatment of the food waste and the obvious sludge reduction.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for improving the sewage treatment effect of low CN ratio.
Background
The municipal sewage treatment plant at the present stage of China faces the following technical problems. (1) The problem of insufficient carbon source: the shortage of carbon source in the sewage treatment process is the main problem at present. The COD removal effect of the existing sewage treatment plant is not big on the whole, but the situation of insufficient carbon source can generally occur, the insufficient carbon source can cause a lot of biochemical reactions to be not effectively carried out, and the nitrogen and phosphorus removal effect is reduced. (2) The problem of phosphorus removal is as follows: at present, the chemical method is mainly adopted for removing phosphorus, the phosphorus content of sludge is increased, or a preposed denitrification section is arranged, the phosphorus removal effect is improved, and the method is suitable for the condition of unstable biological phosphorus removal. (3) The problems of improving the removal efficiency of nitrification, denitrification and ammonia nitrogen are as follows: the existing method is to improve the biomass of the aerobic section and the anaerobic section, improve the nitrification effect, and is suitable for the condition that the ammonia nitrogen exceeds the standard caused by low water temperature in winter; carbon sources such as methanol and the like are added into the biological filter, the denitrification process is strengthened, the TN removal effect is improved, and the removal of suspended matters is considered. (4) The deep removal of suspended matters in water and the deep treatment of water quality: the removal of suspended matters in water is beneficial to ensuring the removal of COD, TN and TP of the effluent, and is an important link for ensuring the water quality. The main process is also membrane technology, membrane bioreactor and membrane combination process. At present, for deep treatment of water quality, such as removal of pollutants in water (persistent organic pollutants and conventional indexes of water), to achieve the index and further realize decomposition and conversion of pollutants in water, the common process is advanced oxidation technology (AOP), including ultraviolet, ozone, photocatalysis and the like.
The main technical principle of current sewage treatment is mineralization of organic matters in the metabolism process of aerobic microorganisms, and denitrification of iso-oxygen nitrification and denitrification are performed to realize sewage denitrification, but in the process, because of insufficient carbon source, denitrification of iso-oxygen denitrification is hindered, and the contradiction of sludge age exists between denitrification and dephosphorization, so that the dephosphorization effect is influenced, and the quality of effluent water is not ideal. In addition, the microbial cell yield is higher, and the sludge yield is high. Therefore, the difficulty of denitrification treatment and the large sludge yield become one of the pain points of the sewage treatment with low carbon-nitrogen ratio.
In addition, in china, there is a fear that the current situation of generating and disposing food waste is expressed as: (1) the yield is huge, and the resource ratio is low. At present, most of the food and beverage wastes and domestic wastes in China are mixed and stacked, and the traditional incineration and landfill are mainly used. (2) An important premise that an effective classification and collection mechanism is not established and the food waste is not treated completely by laws and regulations is classified and thrown in household waste. (3) The prior art has low economic value and is difficult to treat thoroughly.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems of poor nitrogen and phosphorus removal effect, large sludge production and difficult domestic food waste treatment in the low-carbon-nitrogen-ratio sewage treatment, and provides a method for improving the low-CN-ratio sewage treatment effect.
The method for improving the sewage treatment effect of the low CN ratio comprises the following steps:
taking fresh sludge of an urban sewage treatment plant as inoculation sludge, domesticating the inoculation sludge, and sending domesticated anaerobic activated sludge into an anaerobic reactor and a facultative reactor after the domestication is finished;
secondly, storing the urban sewage with low carbon-nitrogen ratio in a reservoir, pumping the urban sewage with low carbon-nitrogen ratio in the reservoir into an anaerobic reactor, staying for 4-6 h hydraulically, then sending a sulfur electron acceptor into the bottom of the anaerobic reactor through a sulfur electron acceptor dosing box, and obtaining anaerobic effluent after the urban sewage with low carbon-nitrogen ratio passes through a three-phase separator in the anaerobic reactor; pumping anaerobic effluent into a facultative reactor through an anaerobic effluent pump, feeding the water treated by the facultative reactor into an aerobic tank, aerating in the aerobic tank for 3-5 hours, pumping a part of water serving as aerobic return water back to the facultative reactor through a return pump for continuous reaction, discharging the rest part of water into a sedimentation tank for sedimentation for 1-3 hours, returning sludge to an anaerobic reactor, and discharging the treated water to finish sewage treatment;
thirdly, when the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the urban low-carbon-nitrogen-ratio sewage is monitored to be less than or equal to 10:1 in the second step, additional carbon source supplement is carried out; and (3) converting the carbon source of the food waste by a food waste carbon source conversion device, and feeding the converted carbon source into a facultative reactor to complete the supplement of an external carbon source of the bioreactor.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention utilizes the fermentation liquor of the food waste as an external carbon source and introduces the sulfur circulation electron acceptor technology to integrally improve the biological process treatment effect of the sewage, the method can not only carry out nitrogen and phosphorus removal and sludge reduction on the sewage with low carbon-nitrogen ratio, but also realize the resource utilization and harmless treatment of the food waste, and effectively overcomes the defects of insufficient carbon source and poor biochemical treatment effect in the biochemical treatment process with low carbon-nitrogen ratio.
The invention realizes the reduction and harmless treatment of the food wastes, solves the problem of insufficient carbon source for the urban sewage treatment plant, realizes the denitrification and dephosphorization of the urban sewage with low carbon-nitrogen ratio and the deep removal of suspended matters, and provides powerful support for the discharge water upgrading of the sewage treatment plant. The invention has the advantages of low cost, high treatment efficiency, small land occupation and low operation cost, and the recovered nitrogen and phosphorus have good economic benefits, thereby improving the efficiency of urban sewage treatment with low carbon-nitrogen ratio, promoting the development of food waste and sewage treatment technology to a green and sustainable direction, and being beneficial to further promoting the technical progress of the environmental protection industry.
Compared with the prior art, the method has the advantages that the food waste is used as the sewage to supplement the carbon source, so that the problem of unbalanced carbon-nitrogen ratio of the sewage is solved; a sewage biological treatment system based on sulfur circulation is also established, which is a sulfate reduction type sewage treatment technology. The autotrophic short-cut nitrification and denitrification process based on sulfur circulation is an effective replacement mode for treating sewage with low carbon-nitrogen ratio. Under the condition of no external carbon sourceThe sulfur-containing substance and the nitrate/nitrite are respectively used as an electron donor and an electron acceptor to realize denitrification under the biological action, and the consumption of a carbon source for removing ammonia nitrogen can be effectively reduced. And the anaerobic sulfur reducing bacteria SRB has low cell yield and quick metabolism, can efficiently treat sewage and simultaneously realize obvious sludge reduction. The existing research also shows that the reduction-oxidation process of the biological sulfur can realize the synergic biological phosphorus removal of autotrophic denitrification nitrogen removal. Accumulation of nitrite in high concentration to NO2-The phosphorus accumulating bacteria as electron acceptor become dominant bacteria. The nitrite can be used as an electron acceptor for replacing oxygen or nitrate, so that the denitrification dephosphorization cost is realized.
The invention utilizes Sulfate Reducing Bacteria (SRB) to perform sulfate reduction-organic matter anaerobic oxidation, and then utilizes Sulfur Oxidizing Bacteria (SOB) to convert the generated sulfide into sulfate or sulfur. Because the cell yield of SRB and SOB is extremely low, the sludge yield of the whole process is extremely low. The sludge yield in the anaerobic reactor is only 0.07kgVSS/kg COD, the apparent yield coefficient Yobs is as low as 0.02kgVSS/kg COD, and the sludge output (calculated by organic matters) is reduced by 70-90% compared with the traditional activated sludge method.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a sewage treatment plant with a low carbon-nitrogen ratio;
FIG. 2 is a line graph showing changes in COD contents of the anaerobic reactor, the facultative reactor and the aerobic tank in 60 days;
FIG. 3 is a line graph showing the change in total phosphorus content in the anaerobic reactor, the facultative reactor and the aerobic tank within 60 days;
FIG. 4 is a line graph showing the change in the sulfate radical content in the anaerobic reactor, the facultative reactor and the aerobic tank within 60 days;
FIG. 5 is a line graph showing changes in the sulfide content of the anaerobic reactor;
FIG. 6 is a line graph showing the change in total nitrogen content of the anaerobic reactor, the facultative reactor and the aerobic tank within 60 days;
FIG. 7 is a line graph showing the ammonia nitrogen content change of the anaerobic reactor, the facultative reactor and the aerobic tank within 60 days.
Detailed Description
The first embodiment is as follows: the method for improving the sewage treatment effect of the low CN ratio by using the sewage treatment device with the low carbon-nitrogen ratio is specifically carried out according to the following steps:
taking fresh sludge of an urban sewage treatment plant as inoculation sludge, domesticating the inoculation sludge, and sending domesticated anaerobic activated sludge into an anaerobic reactor 4 and a facultative reactor 5 after the domestication is finished;
secondly, storing the urban sewage with low carbon-nitrogen ratio in a reservoir 1, pumping the urban sewage with low carbon-nitrogen ratio in the reservoir 1 into an anaerobic reactor 4, staying for 4-6 h hydraulically, then sending a sulfur electron acceptor into the bottom of the anaerobic reactor 4 through a sulfur electron acceptor dosing box 2, and obtaining anaerobic effluent after the urban sewage with low carbon-nitrogen ratio passes through a three-phase separator 5-1 in the anaerobic reactor 4; anaerobic effluent is pumped into a facultative reactor 5 through an anaerobic effluent pump 4-1, the water treated by the facultative reactor 5 is sent into an aerobic tank 6, after aeration is carried out in the aerobic tank 6 for 3-5 h, a part of water is used as aerobic backwater and is pumped back to the facultative reactor 5 through a reflux pump 6-4 for continuous reaction, the rest part of water is discharged into a sedimentation tank 7 for sedimentation for 1-3 h, sludge flows back to an anaerobic reactor 4, the treated water is discharged, and then sewage treatment is completed;
thirdly, when the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the urban low-carbon-nitrogen-ratio sewage is monitored to be less than or equal to 10:1 in the second step, additional carbon source supplement is carried out; and (3) performing carbon source conversion on the food waste by using a food waste carbon source conversion device 3, and feeding the converted carbon source into a facultative reactor 5 to complete the supplement of an external carbon source of the bioreactor.
In the embodiment, the sludge in the sedimentation tank flows back to the anaerobic reactor, so that the biochemical property of the anaerobic reactor is improved.
In the embodiment, the sulfur electron acceptor is fed into the anaerobic reactor through the sulfur electron acceptor dosing tank, and the anaerobic reactor decomposes pollutants in water through biological reaction, produces sulfides by using sulfates and realizes the removal of total nitrogen. Because the energy of the sulfate reduction reaction is low, the sludge yield is low, and the sludge reduction is realized.
In the facultative anaerobic SBR reaction equipment formed by the anaerobic reactor and the facultative reactor, domesticated anaerobic activated sludge is utilized to carry out biological strengthening treatment, the total hydraulic retention time of the integral facultative anaerobic SBR reaction equipment is 12-24 hours, the hydraulic retention time of the anaerobic reactor and the facultative reactor is 3-5 hours, the hydraulic retention time of the aerobic reactor is 6-14 hours, the sludge retention time in the anaerobic reactor and the facultative reactor is 30-35 days, and the volume ratio of the sludge in the facultative reactor to the anaerobic reactor is 4: 5.
the second embodiment is as follows: the first difference between the present embodiment and the specific embodiment is: the sewage treatment device with the low carbon-nitrogen ratio comprises a reservoir 1, a sulfur electron acceptor dosing tank 2, a food waste carbon source conversion device 3, an anaerobic reactor 4, a facultative reactor 5, an aerobic tank 6 and a sedimentation tank 7; the food waste carbon source conversion device 3 comprises a sample injection pump 3-1, a solid-liquid separator 3-2, a liquid inlet pump 3-3, a liquid fermenter 3-4, a liquid outlet pump 3-5 and a food waste storage tank 3-6, wherein a discharge port of the food waste storage tank 3-6 is communicated with a feed inlet of the solid-liquid separator 3-2 through the sample injection pump 3-1, a discharge port of the solid-liquid separator 3-2 is communicated with a feed inlet of the liquid fermenter 3-4 through the liquid inlet pump 3-3, and a discharge port of the liquid fermenter 3-4 is communicated with a feed inlet at the bottom of the facultative reactor 5 through the liquid outlet pump 3-5; a three-phase separator 5-1 is arranged in the facultative reactor 5, and a sealing plate 5-2 is arranged at the upper part of the three-phase separator 5-1; an aeration head 6-1 and a filler 6-2 are arranged in the aerobic tank 6, and the aeration head 6-1 is connected with an air blower 6-3; the discharge gate of cistern 1 is linked together through the feed inlet of intake pump 1-1 and anaerobic reactor 4 bottom, the discharge gate of sulphur electron acceptor dosing tank 2 is linked together through the feed inlet of medicine pump 2-1 and anaerobic reactor 4 bottom, the discharge gate at anaerobic reactor 4 top is linked together through the feed inlet of anaerobism play water pump 4-1 and facultative reactor 5 bottom, the discharge gate at facultative reactor 5 top is linked together with the feed inlet of aerobic tank 6, the discharge gate of aerobic tank 6 is linked together with the feed inlet of sedimentation tank 7, the mud backward flow mouth of sedimentation tank 7 bottom is linked together through the feed inlet of mud backwash pump 7-1 and anaerobic reactor 4 bottom, one side of sedimentation tank 7 is provided with the delivery port. The rest is the same as the first embodiment.
The third concrete implementation mode: the present embodiment differs from the first or second embodiment in that: the domestication in the first step is specifically operated as follows: placing the inoculated sludge in a sludge tank, wherein the adding amount of each material is 1 g of glucose, 1 g of sodium sulfate, 0.2 g of monopotassium phosphate, 0.2 g of magnesium sulfate and 0.5g of calcium chloride by taking the concentration of 1L of medicament as a standard; mixing the materials according to the proportion to prepare a concentrated solution, and diluting the concentrated solution into a domesticated medicament when in use; changing the domestication agent once every five days, and obtaining the domesticated anaerobic activated sludge after 5-10 days of domestication. The other is the same as in the first or second embodiment.
The fourth concrete implementation mode: the difference between this embodiment mode and one of the first to third embodiment modes is: in the first step, 0.02 g/kg of nano zinc oxide and 0.03 g/kg of nano cellulose are added in the anaerobic sludge acclimation process. The others are the same as in one of the first to third embodiments.
This embodiment can improve biological activity.
The fifth concrete implementation mode: the difference between this embodiment and one of the first to fourth embodiments is: and in the second step, the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the urban low-carbon-nitrogen-ratio sewage is (5-10): 1. The other is the same as one of the first to fourth embodiments.
The sixth specific implementation mode: the difference between this embodiment and one of the first to fifth embodiments is: in the second step, the flow ratio of the anaerobic effluent to the aerobic backwater is (0.4-0.5): 1. The other is the same as one of the first to fifth embodiments.
The seventh embodiment: the difference between this embodiment and one of the first to sixth embodiments is: in the second step, the sulfur electron acceptor is sulfate, the addition amount of the sulfur electron acceptor is calculated according to the concentration of total organic carbon and S element of COD in the reaction device, and the carbon-sulfur ratio is (1-1.2): 1. the other is the same as one of the first to sixth embodiments.
The specific implementation mode is eight: the present embodiment differs from one of the first to seventh embodiments in that: the specific operation of the food waste carbon source conversion by the food waste carbon source conversion device 3 in the third step is as follows: food waste is placed into a food waste storage tank 3-6, the food waste enters a solid-liquid separator 3-2 through a sample pump 3-1 for solid-liquid separation, the separated liquid enters a liquid fermentor 3-4 through a liquid inlet pump 3-3, the fermentation time is 3-5 weeks, the fermentation temperature is 23-27 ℃, food waste fermentation liquor is obtained after fermentation is completed, and the food waste fermentation liquor is sent into a facultative reactor 5 through a liquid outlet pump 3-5. The other is the same as one of the first to seventh embodiments.
The specific implementation method nine: the present embodiment differs from the first to eighth embodiments in that: in the second step, the aerobic tank 6 is a bioreactor using microorganisms of gamma-Proteus as dominant bacteria, the anaerobic reactor 4 uses microorganisms of autotrophic Thiobacillus and sulfate reducing bacteria as dominant bacteria, and the facultative reactor 5 uses microorganisms of Bacteroides as dominant bacteria. The rest is the same as the first to eighth embodiments.
Microorganisms belonging to the genus gamma-Proteus, microorganisms belonging to the genus Acidithiobacillus, microorganisms belonging to the genus sulfate-reducing bacteria, and microorganisms belonging to the genus Bacteroides are all the existing strains.
The detailed implementation mode is ten: the present embodiment differs from one of the first to ninth embodiments in that: in the second step, the aerobic tank 6 is a conventional aeration biological reaction tank, aerobic activated sludge is used for film formation, biological strengthening treatment is carried out, the HRT is 3-5 hours, the content of dissolved oxygen in water is controlled to be 2.0-7.0 mg/L, and the filling rate of filler is 35%. The rest is the same as the first to eighth embodiments.
The following examples were used to demonstrate the beneficial effects of the present invention:
the first embodiment is as follows: the method for improving the sewage treatment effect of the low CN ratio by using the sewage treatment device with the low carbon-nitrogen ratio specifically comprises the following steps:
taking fresh sludge of an urban sewage treatment plant as inoculated sludge, placing the inoculated sludge in a sludge tank, and taking the concentration of 1 liter of medicament as a standard, wherein the addition amount of each material is 1 g of glucose, 1 g of sodium sulfate, 0.2 g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.2 g of magnesium sulfate, 0.5g of calcium chloride, 0.02 g/kg of nano zinc oxide and 0.03 g/kg of nano cellulose; mixing the materials according to the proportion to prepare a concentrated solution, and diluting the concentrated solution into a domesticated medicament when in use; changing the domestication medicament once every five days, domesticating for 10 days to obtain domesticated anaerobic activated sludge, and sending the domesticated anaerobic activated sludge into an anaerobic reactor 4 and a facultative reactor 5 after the domestication is finished;
secondly, storing the urban sewage with low carbon-nitrogen ratio in a reservoir 1, pumping the urban sewage with low carbon-nitrogen ratio in the reservoir 1 into an anaerobic reactor 4, staying for 5 hours hydraulically, then sending a sulfur electron acceptor into the bottom of the anaerobic reactor 4 through a sulfur electron acceptor dosing box 2, and obtaining anaerobic effluent after the urban sewage with low carbon-nitrogen ratio passes through a three-phase separator in the anaerobic reactor 4; anaerobic effluent is pumped into a facultative reactor 5 through an anaerobic effluent pump 4-1, the water treated by the facultative reactor 5 is sent into an aerobic tank 6, after aeration is carried out in the aerobic tank 6 for 4 hours, part of water is used as aerobic return water and is pumped back to the facultative reactor (5)5 through a reflux pump 6-4 for continuous reaction, the rest part of water is discharged into a sedimentation tank 7 for sedimentation for 2 hours, sludge flows back to an anaerobic reactor 4, and the treated water is discharged, thus finishing sewage treatment; the urban sewage with low carbon-nitrogen ratio is prepared from glucose, ammonium chloride, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium chloride and urea according to the mass ratio of 110 mg: 44 mg: 5 mg: 5 mg: 26mg of the mixture is obtained; the quality of inlet water pumped into the anaerobic reactor 4 from the reservoir 1 is that the COD content is 110mg/L, the ammonia nitrogen content is 23mg/L, the total phosphorus is 1.5mg/L, the total nitrogen content is 23.5mg/L, and the pH value is 6.5-7.4; from the start-up of the reactor, the supernatant of the anaerobic, facultative and aerobic effluent was withdrawn daily. Monitoring indexes such as COD, sulfate, sulfide, ammonia nitrogen, total nitrogen and total phosphorus of effluent of each biological reaction tank, regulating and controlling the water inlet rate and the reflux ratio in time, and ensuring that the effluent quality reaches the standard, wherein sampling data are shown in the following table;
thirdly, when the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the municipal sewage with the low carbon-nitrogen ratio is monitored to be less than or equal to 10:1 in the second step, additional carbon source supplement is carried out; the food waste is subjected to carbon source conversion through a food waste carbon source conversion device 3, the converted carbon source is sent to a facultative reactor 5, and the supernatant is extracted to compare the carbon-nitrogen ratio supplementation effect, so that the supplementation of the external carbon source of the bioreactor is completed; the food and beverage garbage contains bone, cooked rice, green vegetables, soup, etc.
In this embodiment, the sludge in the sedimentation tank flows back to the anaerobic reactor, thereby improving the biochemical property of the anaerobic reactor.
In the embodiment, the sulfur electron acceptor is sent into the anaerobic reactor through the sulfur electron acceptor dosing box, and the anaerobic reactor decomposes pollutants in water through biological reaction and utilizes sulfate to produce sulfide and realize the removal of total nitrogen. Because the energy of the sulfate reduction reaction is low, the sludge yield is low, and the sludge reduction is realized.
In this embodiment, the anaerobic reactor and the facultative reactor form facultative anaerobic SBR reaction equipment, and domesticated anaerobic activated sludge is used for bioaugmentation treatment, the total hydraulic retention time of the whole facultative anaerobic SBR reaction equipment is 12-24 hours, the hydraulic retention time of the anaerobic reactor and the facultative reactor is 3-5 hours, the hydraulic retention time of the aerobic reactor is 6-14 hours, the sludge retention time in the anaerobic reactor and the facultative reactor is 30-35 days, and the volume ratio of sludge in the facultative reactor and the anaerobic reactor is 4: 5.
as can be seen from the figures 2, 3, 6 and 7, the method can well remove organic pollutants, ammonia nitrogen and the total area in water under the condition of low carbon-nitrogen ratio, COD (chemical oxygen demand) of effluent is lower than 20mg/L, ammonia nitrogen is lower than 5mg/L, total nitrogen is lower than 15mg/L, total phosphorus is lower than 1mg/L, and the discharge requirement in the integrated wastewater discharge standard can be met. In addition, as can be seen from fig. 4-5, a part of sulfate radicals in the anaerobic reactor generate sulfides by participating in the metabolic process of the sulfate-reducing bacteria, and are oxidized into sulfate radicals after the sewage enters the facultative reactor, which illustrates that the sulfate-reducing bacteria participate in the advanced treatment of the sewage in the reactor.
Claims (10)
1. A method for improving the sewage treatment effect of low CN ratio is characterized in that a method for improving the sewage treatment effect of low CN ratio by using a sewage treatment device with low carbon nitrogen ratio is specifically carried out according to the following steps:
taking fresh sludge of an urban sewage treatment plant as inoculation sludge, domesticating the inoculation sludge, and sending the domesticated anaerobic activated sludge into an anaerobic reactor (4) and a facultative reactor (5) after the domestication is finished;
secondly, storing the urban sewage with low carbon-nitrogen ratio in a reservoir (1), pumping the urban sewage with low carbon-nitrogen ratio in the reservoir (1) into an anaerobic reactor (4), staying for 4-6 h in a hydraulic mode, then sending a sulfur electron acceptor into the bottom of the anaerobic reactor (4) through a sulfur electron acceptor dosing box (2), and obtaining anaerobic effluent after the urban sewage with low carbon-nitrogen ratio passes through a three-phase separator (5-1) in the anaerobic reactor (4); anaerobic effluent is pumped into a facultative reactor (5) through an anaerobic effluent pump (4-1), the water treated by the facultative reactor (5) is sent into an aerobic tank (6), after aeration is carried out in the aerobic tank (6) for 3-5 hours, a part of water is used as aerobic return water and pumped back into the facultative reactor (5) through a reflux pump (6-4) for continuous reaction, the rest part is discharged into a sedimentation tank (7) for sedimentation for 1-3 hours, sludge flows back to the anaerobic reactor (4), and the treated water is discharged, so that sewage treatment is completed;
thirdly, when the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the urban low-carbon-nitrogen-ratio sewage is monitored to be less than or equal to 10:1 in the second step, additional carbon source supplement is carried out; the food waste is subjected to carbon source conversion through a food waste carbon source conversion device (3), and the converted carbon source is sent to a facultative reactor (5) to complete the supplement of an external carbon source of the bioreactor.
2. The method for improving the sewage treatment effect with low CN ratio according to claim 1, wherein the sewage treatment device with low CN ratio comprises a reservoir (1), a sulfur electron acceptor dosing tank (2), a food waste carbon source conversion device (3), an anaerobic reactor (4), a facultative reactor (5), an aerobic tank (6) and a sedimentation tank (7); the food waste carbon source conversion device (3) comprises a sample injection pump (3-1), a solid-liquid separator (3-2), a liquid inlet pump (3-3), a liquid fermenter (3-4), a liquid outlet pump (3-5) and a food waste storage tank (3-6), wherein a discharge port of the food waste storage tank (3-6) is communicated with a feed inlet of the solid-liquid separator (3-2) through the sample injection pump (3-1), a discharge port of the solid-liquid separator (3-2) is communicated with a feed inlet of the liquid fermenter (3-4) through the liquid inlet pump (3-3), and a discharge port of the liquid fermenter (3-4) is communicated with a feed inlet at the bottom of the facultative reactor (5) through the liquid outlet pump (3-5); a three-phase separator (5-1) is arranged in the facultative reactor (5), and a sealing plate (5-2) is arranged at the upper part of the three-phase separator (5-1); an aeration head (6-1) and a filler (6-2) are arranged in the aerobic tank (6), and the aeration head (6-1) is connected with a blower (6-3); the discharge hole of the reservoir (1) is communicated with the feed inlet at the bottom of the anaerobic reactor (4) through a feed pump (1-1), the discharge hole of the sulfur electron acceptor dosing box (2) is communicated with the feed inlet at the bottom of the anaerobic reactor (4) through a drug inlet pump (2-1), a discharge hole at the top of the anaerobic reactor (4) is communicated with a feed hole at the bottom of the facultative reactor (5) through an anaerobic water outlet pump (4-1), a discharge hole at the top of the facultative reactor (5) is communicated with a feed inlet of the aerobic tank (6), the discharge hole of the aerobic tank (6) is communicated with the feed inlet of the sedimentation tank (7), the sludge return port at the bottom of the sedimentation tank (7) is communicated with the feed inlet at the bottom of the anaerobic reactor (4) through a sludge return pump (7-1), and a water outlet is arranged at one side of the sedimentation tank (7).
3. The method for improving the effect of sewage treatment with low CN ratio according to claim 1, wherein the acclimatization in the first step is specifically performed by: placing the inoculated sludge in a sludge tank, wherein the adding amount of each material is 1 g of glucose, 1 g of sodium sulfate, 0.2 g of monopotassium phosphate, 0.2 g of magnesium sulfate and 0.5g of calcium chloride by taking the concentration of 1L of medicament as a standard; mixing the materials according to the proportion to prepare a concentrated solution, and diluting the concentrated solution into a domesticated medicament when in use; changing the domestication agent once every five days, and obtaining the domesticated anaerobic activated sludge after 5-10 days of domestication.
4. The method for improving the sewage treatment effect with low CN ratio according to claim 3, wherein 0.02 g/kg of nano zinc oxide and 0.03 g/kg of nano cellulose are added in the anaerobic sludge acclimation process in the step one.
5. The method for improving the sewage treatment effect with low CN ratio according to claim 4, wherein the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the municipal sewage with low CN ratio in the second step is (5-10): 1.
6. The method for improving the sewage treatment effect with low CN ratio according to claim 1, wherein the flow ratio of the anaerobic effluent to the aerobic backwater in the second step is (0.4-0.5): 1.
7. The method for improving the sewage treatment effect with low CN ratio according to claim 1, wherein the sulfur electron acceptor in the second step is sulfate, the addition amount of the sulfur electron acceptor is calculated according to the concentration of total organic carbon and S element of COD in the reaction device, and the carbon-sulfur ratio is (1-1.2): 1.
8. the method for improving the sewage treatment effect with the low CN ratio according to claim 1, wherein the specific operations of the food waste in the third step of carbon source conversion by the food waste carbon source conversion device (3) are as follows: food waste is placed into a food waste storage tank (3-6), the food waste enters a solid-liquid separator (3-2) through a sample injection pump (3-1) for solid-liquid separation, the separated liquid enters a liquid fermentor (3-4) through a liquid inlet pump (3-3), the fermentation time is 3-5 weeks, the fermentation temperature is 23-27 ℃, food waste fermentation liquor is obtained after fermentation is completed, and the food waste fermentation liquor is sent into a facultative reactor (5) through a liquid outlet pump (3-5).
9. The method for improving sewage treatment effect of low CN ratio according to claim 1, wherein in the second step, the aerobic tank (6) is a bioreactor using microorganisms of the genus Gamma-Proteus as dominant bacteria species, the anaerobic reactor (4) uses microorganisms of the genus autotrophic Thiobacillus and sulfate reducing bacteria as dominant bacteria species, and the facultative reactor (5) uses microorganisms of the genus Bacteroides as dominant bacteria species.
10. The method for improving the sewage treatment effect with low CN ratio according to claim 1, wherein in the second step, the aerobic tank (6) is a conventional aeration biological reaction tank, aerobic activated sludge is used for biofilm formation to perform biological strengthening treatment, HRT is 3-5 hours, the content of dissolved oxygen in water is controlled to be 2.0-7.0 mg/L, and the filling rate of the filler is 35%.
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