CN113908704A - 一种用于油水分离的全纤维素复合膜及制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种用于油水分离的全纤维素复合膜及制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN113908704A CN113908704A CN202111310919.7A CN202111310919A CN113908704A CN 113908704 A CN113908704 A CN 113908704A CN 202111310919 A CN202111310919 A CN 202111310919A CN 113908704 A CN113908704 A CN 113908704A
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Abstract
本发明属于生物基可降解材料领域,具体涉及一种用于油水分离的全纤维素复合膜及制备方法和应用。为解决复合材料的基质、基底相容性差、分离效率低,原料与溶剂体系昂贵且不够环保等方面的问题,本发明以廉价的多孔型增强纤维素材料为基底,通过简单的复合方法,将再生纤维素与基底相融合,构建了全纤维素网络,其中,再生纤维素是通过氯化锌‑水这种绿色溶剂体系溶解纤维素后再生得到的。原始增强纤维素材料微米孔被填充,大大提高了复合膜在干、湿条件下的力学性能,同时复合膜特殊的亲水‑水下超疏油的润湿性质,使其可应用于高效的油水分离过程。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于生物基可降解材料领域,具体涉及一种用于油水分离的全纤维素复合膜及制备方法和应用。
背景技术
近年来,工业的迅速发展不可避免的导致了严重的水资源污染问题,其中工业排放、石油泄漏使得含油废水呈现逐年递增形势,严重影响了海洋生态环境和人类的饮水健康。传统的油水分离工艺,如:重力分离、高速离心、化学消油剂等方法,存在着耗能高、工艺过程复杂、装置设备昂贵等系列问题,从而限制了其在分离过程中的应用。膜分离技术由于操作简单成为了油水分离过程中一种非常有效的手段。常见的高分子膜,如:聚砜(PSF)、聚酰亚胺(PI)、聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)等拥有良好的分离效率,但自身难以通过环境微生物降解,并且分离过程中容易造成油堵塞,不符合当代绿色,可持续的要求。因此,目前需要寻找一种高效、成本低廉、绿色的油水分离膜去解决上述问题。
多孔型纤维素增强材料作为一种纯绿色的基底常被用于油水分离的复合材料中。多孔型纤维素增强材料表面多羟基,表面能高,容易和外界基质发生物理或化学交联,自身的大孔也有助于基质的附着。专利CN108854567A:一种油水分离膜的制备方法,将滤纸直接浸泡于超疏水性聚合物溶液中,溶剂挥发后得到超疏水-超亲油型复合分离膜,但这种分离膜只允许油通过,在后续循环过程中存在于分离膜中的油相难以处理。专利CN112982020A:一种高强度、高效油水分离滤纸的制备方法,将镍掺杂羟基硫酸铜纳米片沉积于通过聚乙烯亚胺与戊二醛交联改性的纤维素滤纸进行表面,得到超亲水-水下超疏油性能的高效复合滤纸,但由于纳米片与基底材料不相容形成非均相结构,因此存在表面基质脱落的风险,容易造成铜、镍重金属的二次污染。专利CN113005815A:一种用于油水分离的全纤维素复合纸及其制备方法和应用,分散良好的纳米纤维素附着于滤纸表面,形成了超亲水-水下超疏油复合滤纸,该材料表面的纳米纤维素与基底滤纸同质,氢键作用强烈,不易从基底材料剥离下来,但纳米纤维素造价昂贵不适用于大规模的生产。
发明内容
针对现有技术中,复合材料相容性差、分离效率低,原料与溶剂体系昂贵且不够环保等方面的问题,本发明提供了一种用于油水分离的全纤维素复合膜及制备方法和应用。该制备方法选择熔盐-水体系溶解再生的再生纤维素作为基质,增强纤维素材料为基底通过简单的复合过程,制备一种亲水-水下超疏油、可用于高效油水分离的绿色可降解全纤维素复合膜。这种由全纤维素构成的复合膜,通过制备工艺条件的改变调节材料的结构及孔径,还能增加材料水下超疏油性;良好的相容性便于结构的稳定,赋予了材料良好的机械性能;绿色无污染的原料,溶剂体系使整个生产过程更加绿色、环保。
为了达到上述目的,本发明采用了下列技术方案:
一种用于油水分离的全纤维素复合膜,由基底材料与纤维素基质组成,所述基底材料为增强纤维素材料,所述纤维素基质为外界加入的由纤维素相转变得到的再生纤维素。
进一步,所述纤维素为α-微晶纤维素粉、棉浆、棉短绒中的一种或几种按任意比混合的混合物;所述增强纤维素材料为商业滤纸、棉布、纱布中的一种。此类纤维素都以α-纤维素为主,杂质较少,容易溶解。此类增强纤维素材料,价格低廉、多孔、机械强度优良,是作为基底材料的较好选择。
一种用于油水分离的全纤维素复合膜的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤1,将纤维素加入到氯化锌-水体系中,加热使纤维素溶解,得到纤维素溶液;
步骤2,将增强纤维素材料与步骤1中所得到的纤维素溶液进行复合,复合后随即在反溶剂中再生,干燥后得到全纤维素复合膜。用以上方法制备的用于油水分离的全纤维素复合膜,基质与基底相容性好、结构稳定、机械强度优异,用于油水分离时效果明显,材料完全绿色可降解。
进一步,所述步骤1中氯化锌-水体系的氯化锌与水的质量比2.0~2.5:1,所述纤维素与氯化锌-水体系的质量比为1:25~100。氯化锌-水体系的质量比在此范围内,Zn2+没有完全与水形成配合物,因此纤维素的羟基可以进一步与Zn2+作用,达到完全溶解纤维素的效果;纤维素与氯化锌-水体系的质量比在此范围内,溶解效果好,溶液黏度适中适合作为流动基质。
进一步,所述步骤1中加热的温度为60~90℃。加热温度和搅拌在此范围内反应时,纤维素溶解完全,且所需时间较短。
进一步,所述步骤2中复合的温度为20~60℃,在上述温度下复合,既能够保证基质溶液的流动性,又能确保氯化锌-水体系对基底的不会大幅度降解。所述复合的方法为溶液浸渍、表面涂覆。利用浸渍或者涂覆的方法,可以在短时间内增强纤维素材料与纤维素溶液结合。
进一步,所述步骤2中反溶剂为去离子水、甲醇、乙醇、质量分数为5~10%的盐酸水溶液、硫酸水溶液、磷酸水溶液、乙酸水溶液中的一种或几种按任意比例混合的混合物。以上溶剂对氯化锌都有一定的溶解度,再生过程中,可以将复合膜中的氯化锌置换出来,防止氯化锌都后续工艺的影响。
进一步,所述步骤2中干燥的温度为10~100℃。膜材料在此温度范围内干燥时,可以在保持其良好性能的前提下,完全将水除去。
一种用于油水分离的全纤维素复合膜的应用,应用于油水分离。
进一步,所述油水分离为油水混合物分离、含乳化剂的水包油乳液分离。
优选的,所述油水混合物与水包油乳液中的油相为石油醚、苯甲醚、甲苯、二甲苯、正己烷、环己烷、正庚烷、二氯甲烷、氯仿、四氯化碳等有机溶剂,大豆油、菜籽油、花生油、橄榄油等食用油,原油、煤油、柴油、汽油等工业用油中的一种或至少两种的任意比例混合物。
与现有技术相比本发明具有以下优点:
1.利用了氯化锌-水作为纤维素的溶剂,避免了有机溶剂的使用,使体系更加绿色、经济;材料的基底和基质都为纤维素,避免了不同质导致的基质结合弱而脱落的问题,制备出的材料为可完全生物降解的。
2.制备出的全纤维素复合膜的孔径从原始的微米孔变成了纳米孔,更有利于阻隔油的渗透,大大增加了油水分离的效率。
3.全纤维素复合膜在干、湿两种状态下都拥有良好的机械性能,较原始商业滤纸有大幅的提升。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例6制备的全纤维素复合膜的XRD结果;
图2为本发明实施例6制备的全纤维素复合膜在空气中水的接触角和水下油的接触角;
图3为本发明实施例6制备的全纤维素复合膜的扫描电镜图;
图4为本发明实施例6制备的全纤维素复合膜过滤水包苯甲醚乳液前后的颜色变化图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和具体实施例对本发明进行清楚、完整地描述,但并不因此限制本发明的保护范围。
为了检验制备的全纤维素复合膜的应用效果,将制备的全纤维素复合膜在去离子水中预浸湿后固定在油水分离实验装置上,将20mL去离子水与20mL石油醚混合后,进行分离,利用质量法计算得到油水混合物分离效率;将20mL去离子水与1mL苯甲醚混合后,加入10mg的十二烷基硫酸钠,在强力机械搅拌下混合,得到水包油乳液,进行分离,利用紫外-可见分光光度计计算得到水包油乳液的分离效率。
实施例1
一种用于油水分离的全纤维素复合膜,所述全纤维素复合膜由基底材料与纤维素基质组成,所述基底材料为商业滤纸,所述纤维素基质为外界加入的由α-微晶纤维素粉相转变得到的再生纤维素。
一种用于油水分离的全纤维素复合膜的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
称取20g氯化锌、0.3gα-微晶纤维素粉于烧瓶中,加入10mL去离子水,在60℃下搅拌30min,使纤维素溶解成透明粘性液体。在20℃的高低温箱中,将商业滤纸在纤维素溶液中浸泡1min后取出,并将表面多余的纤维素溶液刮去,立刻浸泡在质量分数5%的盐酸水溶液中再生,洗涤得到湿态全纤维素复合膜。将湿膜固定后,放在40℃的真空干燥箱中完全干燥,得到全纤维素复合膜。通过液滴形状分析仪测得全纤维素复合膜的空气中水的瞬时接触角为9°,水下油的接触角为142°。通过万能试验机得到干膜的拉伸强度为38MPa,湿膜的拉伸强度为8MPa。油水混合物分离效率为95.4%;水包油的分离效率为97.8%。
实施例2
称取25g氯化锌、0.40gα-微晶纤维素粉于烧瓶中,加入10mL去离子水,在70℃下搅拌30min,使纤维素溶解成透明粘性液体。在20℃的高低温箱中,将商业滤纸在纤维素溶液中浸泡5min后取出,并将表面多余的纤维素溶液刮去,立刻浸泡在质量分数5%的盐酸水溶液中再生,洗涤得到湿态全纤维素复合膜。将湿膜固定后,放在40℃的真空干燥箱中完全干燥,得到全纤维素复合膜。通过液滴形状分析仪测得全纤维素复合膜的空气中水的瞬时接触角为15°,水下油的接触角为143°。通过万能试验机得到干膜的拉伸强度为40MPa,湿膜的拉伸强度为9MPa。油水混合物分离效率为96.1%;水包油的分离效率为98.0%。
实施例3
称取25g氯化锌、0.46gα-微晶纤维素粉于烧瓶中,加入10mL去离子水,在80℃下搅拌30min,使纤维素溶解成透明粘性液体。在30℃的高低温箱中,将商业滤纸在纤维素溶液中浸泡7min后取出,并将表面多余的纤维素溶液刮去,立刻浸泡在质量分数5%的硫酸水溶液中再生,洗涤得到湿态全纤维素复合膜。将湿膜固定后,放在40℃的真空干燥箱中完全干燥,得到全纤维素复合膜。通过液滴形状分析仪测得全纤维素复合膜的空气中水的瞬时接触角为8°,水下油的接触角为150°。通过万能试验机得到干膜的拉伸强度为33MPa,湿膜的拉伸强度为7MPa。油水混合物分离效率为95.1%;水包油的分离效率为96.3%。
实施例4
称取25g氯化锌、0.35gα-微晶纤维素粉于烧瓶中,加入10mL去离子水,在80℃下搅拌30min,使纤维素溶解成透明粘性液体。在40℃的高低温箱中,将商业滤纸在纤维素溶液中浸泡9min后取出,并将表面多余的纤维素溶液刮去,立刻浸泡在质量分数5%的磷酸水溶液中再生,洗涤得到湿态全纤维素复合膜。将湿膜固定后,放在40℃的真空干燥箱中完全干燥,得到全纤维素复合膜。通过液滴形状分析仪测得全纤维素复合膜的空气中水的瞬时接触角为21°,水下油的接触角为152°。通过万能试验机得到干膜的拉伸强度为46MPa,湿膜的拉伸强度为11MPa。油水混合物分离效率为96.9%;水包油的分离效率为99.1%。
实施例5
称取25g氯化锌、0.35gα-微晶纤维素粉于烧瓶中,加入10mL去离子水,在90℃下搅拌30min,使纤维素溶解成透明粘性液体。在50℃的高低温箱中,将商业滤纸在纤维素溶液中浸泡12min后取出,并将表面多余的纤维素溶液刮去,立刻浸泡在质量分数10%的盐酸水溶液中再生,洗涤得到湿态全纤维素复合膜。将湿膜固定后,放在40℃的真空干燥箱中完全干燥,得到全纤维素复合膜。通过液滴形状分析仪测得全纤维素复合膜的空气中水的瞬时接触角为18°,水下油的接触角为148°。通过万能试验机得到干膜的拉伸强度为42MPa,湿膜的拉伸强度为10MPa。油水混合物分离效率为97.1%;水包油的分离效率为99.2%。
实施例6
称取25g氯化锌、0.70gα-微晶纤维素粉于烧瓶中,加入10mL去离子水,在80℃下搅拌30min,使纤维素溶解成透明粘性液体。在30℃的高低温箱中,将商业滤纸在纤维素溶液中浸泡9min后取出,并将表面多余的纤维素溶液刮去,立刻浸泡在质量分数10%的硫酸水溶液中再生,洗涤得到湿态全纤维素复合膜。将湿膜固定后,放在40℃的真空干燥箱中完全干燥,得到全纤维素复合膜。如图1,XRD结果可以看出在2θ=14.9°、16.4°、22.8°和34.2°处出现了纤维素的特征衍射峰,拟合后表明该复合膜是含有I型和II型纤维素的混合物;如图2,通过液滴形状分析仪测得全纤维素复合膜的空气中水的瞬时接触角为32°,水下油的接触角为152°;如图3,扫描电镜可以看出商业滤纸已经被再生纤维素填充,且出现了纳米孔;通过万能试验机得到干膜的拉伸强度为54MPa,湿膜的拉伸强度为16MPa。油水混合物分离效率为98.2%;水包油的分离效率为99.9%。图4可以看出,分离前后乳液颜色从乳白色变为无色。
实施例7
称取25g氯化锌、0.70gα-微晶纤维素粉于烧瓶中,加入10mL去离子水,在80℃下搅拌30min,使纤维素溶解成透明粘性液体。在纤维素溶液预热到50℃的条件下,对商业滤纸的表面进行涂覆,随即立刻浸泡在质量分数10%的盐酸水溶液中再生,洗涤得到湿态全纤维素复合膜。将湿膜固定后,放在40℃的真空干燥箱中完全干燥,得到全纤维素复合膜。通过液滴形状分析仪测得全纤维素复合膜的空气中水的瞬时接触角为6°,水下油的接触角为146°。通过万能试验机得到干膜的拉伸强度为25MPa,湿膜的拉伸强度为4MPa。油水混合物分离效率为90.2%;水包油的分离效率为93.0%。
实施例8
称取20g氯化锌、1.20gα-微晶纤维素粉于烧瓶中,加入10mL去离子水,在80℃下搅拌30min,使纤维素溶解成透明粘性液体。在纤维素溶液预热到30℃的条件下,对商业滤纸的表面进行涂覆,随即立刻浸泡在质量分数10%的磷酸水溶液中再生,洗涤得到湿态全纤维素复合膜。将湿膜固定后,放在40℃的真空干燥箱中完全干燥,得到全纤维素复合膜。通过液滴形状分析仪测得全纤维素复合膜的空气中水的瞬时接触角为5°,水下油的接触角为148°。通过万能试验机得到干膜的拉伸强度为21MPa,湿膜的拉伸强度为6MPa。油水混合物分离效率为91.3%;水包油的分离效率为93.5%。
实施例9
称取25g氯化锌、0.70gα-微晶纤维素粉于烧瓶中,加入10mL去离子水,在80℃下搅拌30min,使纤维素溶解成透明粘性液体。在纤维素溶液预热到30℃的条件下,对棉布的表面进行涂覆,随即立刻浸泡在去离子水中再生,洗涤得到湿态全纤维素复合膜。将湿膜固定后,放在10℃的真空干燥箱中完全干燥,得到全纤维素复合膜。通过液滴形状分析仪测得全纤维素复合膜的空气中水的瞬时接触角为8°,水下油的接触角为138°。通过万能试验机得到干膜的拉伸强度为29MPa,湿膜的拉伸强度为25MPa。油水混合物分离效率为93.5%;水包油的分离效率为94.1%。
实施例10
称取25g氯化锌、0.70gα-微晶纤维素粉于烧瓶中,加入10mL去离子水,在80℃下搅拌30min,使纤维素溶解成透明粘性液体。在纤维素溶液预热到60℃的条件下,对纱布的表面进行涂覆,随即立刻浸泡在去离子水中再生,洗涤得到湿态全纤维素复合膜。将湿膜固定后,放在60℃的真空干燥箱中完全干燥,得到全纤维素复合膜。通过液滴形状分析仪测得全纤维素复合膜的空气中水的瞬时接触角为12°,水下油的接触角为140°。通过万能试验机得到干膜的拉伸强度为28MPa,湿膜的拉伸强度为28MPa。油水混合物分离效率为93.3%;水包油的分离效率为94.9%。
实施例11
称取25g氯化锌、0.35gα-微晶纤维素粉于烧瓶中,加入10mL去离子水,在70℃下搅拌30min,使纤维素溶解成透明粘性液体。在40℃的高低温箱中,将棉布在纤维素溶液中浸泡9min后取出,并将表面多余的纤维素溶液刮去,立刻浸泡在去离子水中再生,洗涤得到湿态全纤维素复合膜。将湿膜固定后,放在80℃的真空干燥箱中完全干燥,得到全纤维素复合膜。通过液滴形状分析仪测得全纤维素复合膜的空气中水的瞬时接触角为9°,水下油的接触角为150°。通过万能试验机得到干膜的拉伸强度为38MPa,湿膜的拉伸强度为30MPa。油水混合物分离效率为95.1%;水包油的分离效率为97.6%。
实施例12
称取25g氯化锌、0.70gα-微晶纤维素粉于烧瓶中,加入10mL去离子水,在90℃下搅拌30min,使纤维素溶解成透明粘性液体。在50℃的高低温箱中,将纱布在纤维素溶液中浸泡12min后取出,并将表面多余的纤维素溶液刮去,立刻浸泡在质量分数10%的盐酸水溶液中再生,洗涤得到湿态全纤维素复合膜。将湿膜固定后,放在80℃的真空干燥箱中完全干燥,得到全纤维素复合膜。通过液滴形状分析仪测得全纤维素复合膜的空气中水的瞬时接触角为11°,水下油的接触角为149°。通过万能试验机得到干膜的拉伸强度为31MPa,湿膜的拉伸强度为20MPa。油水混合物分离效率为95.6%;水包油的分离效率为96.6%。
实施例13
称取25g氯化锌、0.70gα-微晶纤维素粉于烧瓶中,加入10mL去离子水,在80℃下搅拌30min,使纤维素溶解成透明粘性液体。在50℃的高低温箱中,将纱布在纤维素溶液中浸泡7min后取出,并将表面多余的纤维素溶液刮去,立刻浸泡在无水乙醇中再生,洗涤得到湿态全纤维素复合膜。将湿膜固定后,放在20℃的真空干燥箱中完全干燥,得到全纤维素复合膜。通过液滴形状分析仪测得全纤维素复合膜的空气中水的瞬时接触角为8°,水下油的接触角为148°。通过万能试验机得到干膜的拉伸强度为30MPa,湿膜的拉伸强度为23MPa。油水混合物分离效率为91.9%;水包油的分离效率为95.4%。
实施例14
称取25g氯化锌、0.70gα-微晶纤维素粉于烧瓶中,加入10mL去离子水,在80℃下搅拌30min,使纤维素溶解成透明粘性液体。在30℃的高低温箱中,将商业滤纸在纤维素溶液中浸泡12min后取出,并将表面多余的纤维素溶液刮去,立刻浸泡在甲醇中再生,洗涤得到湿态全纤维素复合膜。将湿膜固定后,放在100℃的真空干燥箱中完全干燥,得到全纤维素复合膜。通过液滴形状分析仪测得全纤维素复合膜的空气中水的瞬时接触角为30°,水下油的接触角为151°。通过万能试验机得到干膜的拉伸强度为48MPa,湿膜的拉伸强度为15MPa。油水混合物分离效率为96.9%;水包油的分离效率为99.2%。
实施例15
称取25g氯化锌、0.30gα-微晶纤维素粉于烧瓶中,加入10mL去离子水,在60℃下搅拌30min,使纤维素溶解成透明粘性液体。在30℃的高低温箱中,将商业滤纸在纤维素溶液中浸泡12min后取出,并将表面多余的纤维素溶液刮去,立刻浸泡在质量分数5%乙酸水溶液中再生,洗涤得到湿态全纤维素复合膜。将湿膜固定后,放在40℃的真空干燥箱中完全干燥,得到全纤维素复合膜。通过液滴形状分析仪测得全纤维素复合膜的空气中水的瞬时接触角为23°,水下油的接触角为148°。通过万能试验机得到干膜的拉伸强度为44MPa,湿膜的拉伸强度为12MPa。油水混合物分离效率为96.4%;水包油的分离效率为98.3%。
实施例16
称取25g氯化锌、0.70gα-微晶纤维素粉于烧瓶中,加入10mL去离子水,在80℃下搅拌30min,使纤维素溶解成透明粘性液体。在30℃的高低温箱中,将商业滤纸在纤维素溶液中浸泡9min后取出,并将表面多余的纤维素溶液刮去,立刻浸泡在质量分数10%乙酸水溶液中再生,洗涤得到湿态全纤维素复合膜。将湿膜固定后,放在40℃的真空干燥箱中完全干燥,得到全纤维素复合膜。通过液滴形状分析仪测得全纤维素复合膜的空气中水的瞬时接触角为32°,水下油的接触角为152°。通过万能试验机得到干膜的拉伸强度为51MPa,湿膜的拉伸强度为15MPa。油水混合物分离效率为98.4%;水包油的分离效率为99.7%。
实施例17
称取25g氯化锌、1.40gα-微晶纤维素粉于烧瓶中,加入10mL去离子水,在80℃下搅拌30min,使纤维素溶解成透明粘性液体。在纤维素溶液预热到50℃的条件下,对商业滤纸的表面进行涂覆,随即立刻浸泡在质量分数10%的盐酸水溶液中再生,洗涤得到湿态全纤维素复合膜。将湿膜固定后,放在40℃的真空干燥箱中完全干燥,得到全纤维素复合膜。通过液滴形状分析仪测得全纤维素复合膜的空气中水的瞬时接触角为5°,水下油的接触角为139°。通过万能试验机得到干膜的拉伸强度为28MPa,湿膜的拉伸强度为5MPa。油水混合物分离效率为92.8%;水包油的分离效率为95.7%。
Claims (10)
1.一种用于油水分离的全纤维素复合膜,其特征在于,所述全纤维素复合膜由基底材料与纤维素基质组成,所述基底材料为增强纤维素材料,所述纤维素基质为外界加入的由纤维素相转变得到的再生纤维素。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种用于油水分离的全纤维素复合膜,其特征在于,所述增强纤维素材料为商业滤纸、棉布、纱布中的一种;所述纤维素为α-微晶纤维素粉、棉浆、棉短绒中的一种或几种按任意比混合的混合物。
3.一种权利要求2所述的用于油水分离的全纤维素复合膜的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
步骤1,将纤维素加入到氯化锌-水体系中,加热搅拌使纤维素溶解,得到纤维素溶液;
步骤2,将增强纤维素材料与步骤1中所得到的纤维素溶液进行复合,复合后随即在反溶剂中再生,干燥后得到全纤维素复合膜。
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种用于油水分离的全纤维素复合膜的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤1中氯化锌-水体系的氯化锌与水的质量比2.0~2.5:1,所述纤维素与氯化锌-水体系的质量比为1:25~100。
5.根据权利要求3所述的一种用于油水分离的全纤维素复合膜的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤1中加热的温度为60~90℃。
6.根据权利要求3所述的一种用于油水分离的全纤维素复合膜的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤2中复合的温度为20~60℃,所述复合的方法为溶液浸渍、表面涂覆。
7.根据权利要求3所述的一种用于油水分离的全纤维素复合膜的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤2中反溶剂为去离子水、甲醇、乙醇、质量分数为5~10%的盐酸水溶液、质量分数为5~10%的硫酸水溶液、质量分数为5~10%的磷酸水溶液、质量分数为5~10%的乙酸水溶液中的一种或几种按任意比例混合的混合物。
8.根据权利要求3所述的一种用于油水分离的全纤维素复合膜的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤2中干燥的温度为10~100℃。
9.一种权利要求1或2所述的用于油水分离的全纤维素复合膜的应用,其特征在于,应用于油水分离。
10.根据权利要求9所述的一种用于油水分离的全纤维素复合膜的应用,其特征在于,所述油水分离为油水混合物分离、含乳化剂的水包油乳液分离。
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