CN113906879B - Method for in-situ preparation of straw returning slow-release base fertilizer by using springtail intestinal complex fungicide and embedding device thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

A method for preparing straw returning slow-release base fertilizer in situ by using a springtail intestinal composite microbial inoculum and a burying device thereof belong to the technical field of insect and farming cultivation, and are composed of a soil pit (1), excavated soil (2), a farmland (3), a hole digger (4), a straw harvesting pulverizer (5), an irrigation pipe (6), a straw crushed layer (9), a backfill soil layer (10) and a ridge platform (11), and are characterized in that: the soil pit (1) is formed by digging a pit digging machine (4) in a farmland (3), the straw harvesting crusher (5) crushes straws into straw fragments when crops are harvested in a mature mode, the straw fragments are sprayed into the soil pit (1) through a filling cylinder (8) to form a straw crushing layer (9), soil above the straw crushing layer (9) forms a backfill soil layer (10), and water, the springtail intestinal tract compound microbial inoculum and nitrogen fertilizer nutrient solution required by bacterial growth are poured into the soil pit (1) through a watering pipe (6). The invention has the advantages of simple manufacture, strong operability, low cost and obvious effect.

Description

Method for in-situ preparation of straw returning slow-release base fertilizer by using springtail intestinal complex fungicide and embedding device thereof

Technical Field

The invention relates to a method for preparing a straw returning slow-release base fertilizer in situ by using a springtail intestinal complex microbial inoculant and an embedding device thereof, belonging to the technical field of insects and cultivation.

Background

Black soil is fertile soil, and it takes 200-400 years to form black soil with one centimeter thickness. The straw is a main farmland byproduct, according to incomplete statistics in 2020, the annual production of the national straw reaches 8.65 hundred million tons, the collectable quantity of the national straw reaches 7.31 hundred million tons, and the straw resource utilization becomes five materials, namely, fertilizer, feed, base stock, fuel and industrial raw material. The amount of the straws which can be collected in northeast of China per year exceeds 1.1 million tons, but the total utilization rate of the straws in northeast is less than 50 percent, most of the straws are discarded or burnt, so that the environmental pollution is caused when a large amount of agricultural resources are wasted, the organic matter content of the dry farming soil in the black land is gradually reduced due to the repeated use and light culture in the black land for many years, the straw returning is a yield-increasing measure for fertilizing the soil fertility which is generally regarded as important in the world at present, and the effects of increasing the fertilizer and increasing the yield are achieved while the air pollution caused by the burning of the straws is avoided. The straw returning can increase soil organic matters, improve soil structure, loosen soil, increase porosity, reduce capacity and promote microbial activity and crop root development. The effect of straw returning to field, increasing fertilizer and increasing yield is obvious, the yield can be increased by 5% -10% generally, but if the method is improper, the adverse phenomena of soil germ increase, crop disease increase, seedling shortage (runt seedling) and the like can also be caused. People generally think that the straw can be well utilized by directly burying the straw in the ground, but the utilization rate of the soil is greatly reduced by just the action of directly burying the straw in the ground, so that a good effect of returning the straw to the field can be achieved by adopting reasonable straw returning measures. In the aspect of straw returning, aiming at the problems of low air temperature, high straw decomposition difficulty and the like in northeast regions, the biggest bottleneck problems of straw returning are low decomposition speed and generation of plant diseases and insect pests in the next year, and the most essential technology is to decompose cellulose in the straws and cannot influence the seeding and growth of crops. How to solve the two bottleneck problems of slow decomposition speed and generation of plant diseases and insect pests in the next year in the current straw returning technology, can quickly decompose cellulose in the straw and cannot influence the sowing and growth of crops? The trichoderma strain T-37 which can rapidly decompose plant residues under the low temperature condition and has the characteristic of improving soil is introduced from Russia and prepared into a preparation, so that the technical problem that the straws are not easy to decompose after being returned to the field and buried in the soil in the northeast is solved to a certain extent, the efficiency is general, the time from application to decomposition is long, the agricultural production can be influenced, and the trichoderma strain T-37 cannot be well accepted by farmers. We find that there is a strong decomposition in nature, and they are springtails. The springtail is visible everywhere in soil, the living environment of the springtail mostly has a large amount of humus because the springtail has a certain decomposition effect which can not separate from flora rich in intestinal tracts, the flora in the intestinal tracts has a certain cellulose degradation effect, bacteria with the decomposition effect in the intestinal tracts of the springtail are extracted and cultured in a large amount under artificial conditions to obtain rich flora, then bacterial liquids are prepared, and the bacterial liquids are scattered among fields to play a good decomposition effect and quickly decompose straws in the soil, so the slow-release base fertilizer is prepared by the intestinal complex bacteria of the springtail and is matched with an embedding device.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides a method for preparing a straw returning slow-release base fertilizer in situ by using a springtail intestinal composite microbial inoculum and an application and burying device thereof, aiming at solving two bottleneck problems of low decomposition speed and plant diseases and insect pests generated in the current straw returning technology, and being capable of quickly decomposing cellulose in straws and not influencing the seeding and growth of crops. Finally, the excavated soil is backfilled into the soil pit, the straw pieces can be compacted by the weight of the soil, the straw pieces are formed into straw piece layers, meanwhile, the soil above the straw piece layers forms a backfill soil layer, the thickness of the backfill soil layer is more than 20 cm, and therefore after the straw pieces are buried in the farmland, no matter any operation is carried out in the farmland, the subsequent production activities are basically not influenced, the straw pieces are completely buried in the soil pit and can become a straw returning slow-release base fertilizer after decomposition, and the problem that pests in the farmland continuously erupt next year due to the fact that the straw parts are obliquely erected in the soil in the existing straw returning process can not occur.

The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows:

the invention relates to a method for preparing a straw returning slow-release base fertilizer in situ by using a springtail intestinal complex microbial inoculant and a burying device thereof, which consist of a soil pit 1, excavated soil 2, a farmland 3, a hole digger 4, a straw harvesting crusher 5, an irrigation pipe 6, a straw crushed layer 9, a backfill soil layer 10 and a ridge platform 11, and are characterized in that: the soil pit 1 is firstly dug in a farmland 3 by a pit digging machine 4, the whole soil pit is cuboid, the length of the cuboid is determined according to the land, the length of the land is the length of the land, the width is 20-50 cm, the depth is 50-150 cm, after the soil pit 1 is dug, dug soil 2 is respectively arranged at two sides of the upper edge of the soil pit 1, a straw harvesting pulverizer 5 pulverizes straws into straw pieces when crops are mature and harvested, the straw pieces are sprayed into the soil pit 1 by a filling cylinder 8, the straw pieces form a straw crushing layer 9, meanwhile, soil above the straw crushing layer 9 forms a backfill soil layer 10, the thickness of the backfill soil layer 10 is more than 20 cm, and the straw pieces are completely buried in the soil pit 1; the excavated soil 2 is soil piles formed by placing the soil excavated from the soil pit 1 on two sides of the upper edge of the soil pit 1 when the earth excavator 4 excavates the pit, and all the excavated soil 2 is backfilled into the soil pit 1 after the straw crushed layer 9 is arranged; as the straw fragments are additionally added into the soil pit 1, the volume of the excavated soil 2 is larger than that of the backfill soil layer 10 in the soil pit 1, so that a ridge 11 is formed above the backfill soil layer 10; the farmland 3 is any farmland prepared for preparing a straw returning slow-release base fertilizer by utilizing the springtail intestinal complex microbial inoculum in situ; the earth boring machine 4 is a machine capable of excavating earth into a cuboid earth pit, the whole earth boring machine 4 is driven by a tractor, and farmland 3 soil is excavated out through an earth boring machine arm 7 and placed on two sides of the upper opening edge of the earth pit 1; the earth boring machine arm 7 is of a structure with a disc-shaped earth boring turntable at the tail end, and the earth boring turntable is driven by the earth boring machine 4; the front end of the straw harvesting crusher 5 is provided with a harvesting head for harvesting and collecting straws and collecting the straws into the crusher, the middle of the straw harvesting crusher is provided with the crusher, straw kneading wires can be crushed into straw fragments, the rear end of the straw harvesting crusher is provided with an injector head for spraying the straw fragments, and the injector head is connected to the front end of the filling cylinder 8; the filler cylinder 8 is made of stainless steel or aluminum alloy, the thickness of the wall of the filler cylinder 8 is 1-3 mm, the diameter of the inner circle of the filler cylinder 8 is 10-20 cm, the whole filler cylinder is in a U shape with a downward opening, the tail end of the filler cylinder 8 is free, and the opening is arranged above the soil pit 1; the irrigation pipe 6 is a pipeline for filling water into the soil pit 1 filled with the straw fragments, one end of the irrigation pipe is opened in the soil pit 1, the other end of the irrigation pipe is connected with a water suction pump capable of sucking a water source, the water in the water source is filled into the soil pit 1, the irrigation pipe 6 is a commercially available water pipe, the inner diameter of the pipe is 5-10 cm, the thickness of the pipe wall is 1-5 mm, the irrigation pipe is divided into three layers from outside to inside, the outer layer is made of fiber cloth, the middle layer is made of linen fiber net, and the inner layer is made of rubber; while irrigating water, the mixed intestinal bacteria agent of the springtail and the nitrogen fertilizer nutrient solution required by the growth of the bacteria are flushed into the soil pit 1 along with the water.

The compound bacterial agent is a bacterial solution obtained by utilizing various bacterial agents of Bacillus, terribacillus, lysinibacillus, arthrobacter arthromobacter and glutamatericibacter in intestinal canals of springtails, which have the activity of degrading cellulose, and artificially culturing the bacterial solution according to the ratio of 1:1, mixing the raw materials in a ratio to obtain a composite microbial inoculum; the nitrogen fertilizer nutrient solution required by the growth of the bacteria is a saturated aqueous solution formed by dissolving nitrogen fertilizer urea or ammonium bicarbonate in water; the proportion of the composite microbial inoculum to the nitrogen fertilizer nutrient solution required by the growth of the bacteria is 1:2.

The method for preparing the straw returning slow-release base fertilizer in situ by using the springtail intestinal complex microbial inoculum and the burying device thereof have the advantages that a pit is dug in a farmland by a hole digger, the dug soil is respectively arranged on two sides of the upper edge of the pit after the pit is dug, the straws are crushed into straw fragments when crops are ripe and harvested by a straw harvesting crusher, the straw fragments are sprayed into the pit by a filling cylinder, the straw fragments are soft, so the filling amount in the pit is the amount for filling the whole pit, then, water is filled into the pit by using a water filling pipe, and the springtail intestinal complex microbial inoculum and a nitrogen fertilizer nutrient solution required by the growth of bacteria are flushed into the pit along with water during the water filling so that bacteria and the straw fragments are in direct contact to exert the maximum activity. Finally, the excavated soil is backfilled into the soil pit, the straw pieces can be compacted by the weight of the soil, the straw pieces are formed into straw pieces layers, meanwhile, the soil above the straw pieces layers forms a backfill soil layer, the thickness of the backfill soil layer is more than 20 cm, and therefore, after the straw pieces are buried in the farmland, no matter any operation is performed in the farmland, the subsequent production activities are basically not influenced, the straw pieces are completely buried in the soil pit in situ while being harvested in the farmland, the straw pieces can become straw returning slow release base fertilizer after decomposition, and the problem that next-year farmland pests continuously erupt due to the fact that the straw parts are obliquely erected in the soil in the existing straw returning process can be avoided. A large number of different types of bacteria can be extracted from the intestinal bacteria of the springtails, proper bacteria with degradable cellulose are selected after screening, and a large amount of bacteria liquid is formed after a certain period of time under artificial culture, so that the large-scale production is realized. The invention has the advantages of simple manufacture, strong operability, low cost and obvious effect.

Drawings

The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a method for in-situ preparation of a straw returning slow-release base fertilizer by using a springtail intestinal complex microbial inoculant and a burying device thereof.

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a structure of a soil pit after straw crushing and water filling, a compound microbial inoculum, a nitrogen fertilizer and backfilling of the buried straw crushing and water filling, compound microbial inoculum, nitrogen fertilizer and the backfilling of the method for in-situ preparation of the straw returning slow-release base fertilizer by using the springtail intestinal compound microbial inoculum and the burying device thereof.

In the figure, 1, a soil pit, 2, excavated soil, 3, farmland, 4, a hole digger, 5, a straw harvesting crusher, 6, a watering pipe, 7, a hole digger arm, 8, a filling cylinder, 9, a straw crushed layer, 10, a backfill soil layer and 11, a ridge platform.

Detailed Description

Example one

A method for preparing a straw returning slow-release base fertilizer in situ by using a springtail intestinal composite microbial inoculum and an embedding device thereof are composed of a soil pit 1, excavated soil 2, a farmland 3, a hole digger 4, a straw harvesting pulverizer 5, an irrigation pipe 6, a hole digger arm 7, a filling cylinder 8, a straw crushed layer 9, a backfill soil layer 10 and a ridge platform 11. The soil pit 1 is a space for manufacturing straw returning slow-release base fertilizer in situ by using the springtail intestinal complex microbial inoculant, a hole digger 4 excavates in a farmland 3 in advance, the whole body is cuboid, the length of the cuboid is determined according to a land parcel, the length of the land parcel is 20-50 cm, the width is 50-150 cm, the depth is 50-150 cm, after the soil pit 1 is dug, dug soil 2 is respectively arranged at two sides of the upper edge of the soil pit 1, a straw harvesting crusher 5 crushes the straw into straw fragments when crops are mature and harvested, the straw fragments are sprayed into the soil pit 1 by a filling cylinder 8, the filling amount of the straw fragments in the soil pit 1 is the filling of the whole soil pit 1 due to the fact that the straw fragments are soft, therefore, when the dug soil 2 is filled into the soil pit 1, the weight of the soil can compact the straw fragments into a straw fragment layer 9, meanwhile, the soil above the straw fragment layer 9 forms a backfill soil layer 10, the thickness of the backfill layer 10 is more than 20 cm, and therefore, no matter when the straw fragments are filled into the farmland 3, no matter the farmland, the straw fragments are continuously operated, the straw returning can not affect any subsequent straw slow-release base fertilizer in the farmland, the subsequent straw can be completely decomposed in the farmland, the soil can not only can be buried in the following soil can be buried in the field, but can be generated in the field, the soil can be completely, the field, the following soil can be buried in the soil can not caused by the sustained-release base fertilizer, the following sustained-release fertilizer, the soil can be completely, the soil can be returned to the soil in the soil can not caused by the soil; the excavated soil 2 is a soil pile formed by placing the soil excavated from the soil pit 1 on two sides of the upper edge of the soil pit 1 when the earth excavator 4 excavates the pit, the shape of the excavated soil is not fixed and the excavated soil is naturally formed after the soil is excavated, and all the excavated soil 2 needs to be backfilled into the soil pit 1 after the straw crushed layer 9 is arranged; due to the fact that the straw chippings are additionally added into the soil pit 1, the volume of the excavated soil 2 is larger than that of the backfill soil layer 10 in the soil pit 1, a ridge 11 can be further formed above the backfill soil layer 10, the ridge 11 is higher than the ground of a farmland 3, heat is easy to accumulate, and crop growth is facilitated, therefore, crops can be planted on the ridge 11, the straw chippings 9 and the backfill soil layer 10 are located under the ridge 11, the conditions such as fertilizer and temperature required by growth of the crops planted on the ridge 11 are sufficient, and crop yield can be increased under the planting mode. The farmland 3 is any farmland prepared by in-situ preparation of the springtail intestinal complex microbial inoculum for straw returning slow-release base fertilizer, can be reached by any farming machinery such as flat lands, sloping lands and the like, and has unlimited size, specification and landform. The earth boring machine 4 is a machine capable of excavating earth into a rectangular earth pit, has the same structure and function as a commercially available trenching machine, and is driven by a tractor, and soil in a farmland 3 is excavated by the earth boring machine arm 7 and placed on two sides of the upper opening edge of the earth pit 1. The earth boring machine arm 7 is a structure with a disc-shaped earth boring turntable at the tail end, the earth boring turntable is driven by the earth boring machine 4, and in the rotating process, earth can be excavated and taken away from the turntable and thrown to the edge of the pit, so that the earth pit 1 is excavated. The straw harvesting and smashing machine 5 is a machine for harvesting and smashing straws, the structure and the function of the machine are the same as those of a harvesting and smashing machine sold in the market, the front end of the machine is a harvesting head for harvesting and collecting straws and collecting the straws into the smashing machine, the middle of the machine is the smashing machine, straw rubbing threads can be smashed into straw fragments, the rear end of the machine is an injector head for spraying the straw fragments, the injector head is connected to the front end of the filling cylinder 8 and can release the straw fragments into the soil pit 1 through the filling cylinder 8, and the movement operation of the straw harvesting and smashing machine 5 is controlled by an operator so as to enable the straw fragments to be filled into the soil pit 1 while walking; the filling cylinder 8 is a metal cylinder which blows straw scraps smashed in the pulverizer into the soil pit 1 through the blowing of the air blower wind power above the rear end of the straw harvesting pulverizer 5 and is made of stainless steel or aluminum alloy, the thickness of the wall of the filling cylinder 8 is 1-3 mm, the diameter of the inner circle of the filling cylinder 8 is 10-20 cm, the whole filling cylinder is in a U shape with a downward opening, if the length of the middle part of the filling cylinder 8 exceeds 2 m, a support is arranged at the middle part for supporting, the tail end of the filling cylinder 8 is free, and the opening is formed above the soil pit 1 so as to ensure that all straw scraps sprayed out of the filling cylinder 8 fall into the soil pit 1. The irrigation pipe 6 is a pipeline for filling water into the soil pit 1 filled with the straw fragments, one end of the irrigation pipe is opened in the soil pit 1, the other end of the irrigation pipe is connected with a water suction pump, water in a water source is filled into the soil pit 1, the irrigation pipe 6 is a commercially available water pipe, the inner diameter of the pipe is 5-10 cm, the thickness of the pipe wall is 1-5 mm, the irrigation pipe is divided into three layers from outside to inside, the outer layer is made of fiber cloth, the middle layer is made of linen fiber net, and the inner layer is made of rubber. While irrigating water, the springtail intestinal complex microbial inoculum and the nitrogen fertilizer nutrient solution required by the growth of bacteria are flushed into the soil pit 1 along with the water, so that the bacteria and the straw are directly contacted to exert the maximum activity. The amount of irrigation is that the straws are smashed and wetted completely to be completely soaked, and the more the water is, the more thoroughly the decomposition activity of the composite microbial inoculum is exerted. The compound microbial inoculum is a bacterial solution obtained by artificially culturing various microbial inoculants of Bacillus, terribacillus, lysinibacillus, arthrobacter arthromobacter and glutamatericibacter with cellulose degrading activity in intestinal tracts of springtails according to the ratio of 1:1 proportion to obtain the composite bacterial agent. The nitrogen fertilizer nutrient solution required by the growth of the bacteria is a saturated aqueous solution formed by dissolving nitrogen fertilizer urea or ammonium bicarbonate in water. The proportion of the compound microbial inoculum to the nitrogen fertilizer nutrient solution required by the growth of the bacteria is 1:2. after the straw fragments are buried in the soil pit 1, under the condition that the nutrition is provided by the nitrogen fertilizer nutrient solution required by the growth of bacteria and the decomposition of the straw fragments, the straw fragments are quickly decomposed, so that the content of organic matters in the soil is quickly increased, and experimental results show that after autumn harvest, 89.73 percent of the straw can be decomposed by using the method only in one winter, the aim of basically approaching complete decomposition is achieved, the slow-release base fertilizer for straw returning to the field is formed and prepared, the cultivation of the farmland in spring next year is not influenced, and the fertility of the soil is enhanced; some straws also contain some eggs of agricultural pests, and if the eggs are not decomposed, the eggs can be hatched in the spring of the next year, and have certain harm to crops, pesticides are needed to be used for killing the crops.

The basic in situ and principal features of the invention and advantages of the invention have been shown and described above. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are merely illustrative of the principles of the invention, but various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims (2)

1. The method for preparing the straw returning slow-release base fertilizer in situ by using the springtail intestinal complex inoculant comprises a soil pit (1), an excavated soil (2), a farmland (3), a hole digger (4), a straw harvesting pulverizer (5), a watering pipe (6), a straw crushed layer (9), a backfill soil layer (10) and a ridge (11), and is characterized in that: the soil pit (1) is excavated in a farmland (3) in advance by a pit excavator (4), the whole soil pit (1) is cuboid, the length of the cuboid is determined according to the land parcel, the width of the cuboid is 20-50 cm, the depth of the cuboid is 50-150 cm, after the soil pit (1) is excavated, excavated soil (2) is respectively arranged at two sides of the upper edge of the soil pit (1), a straw harvesting pulverizer (5) pulverizes straws into straw pieces when crops are mature and harvested, the straw pieces are sprayed into the soil pit (1) by a filling cylinder (8), the straw pieces are pulverized into straw broken layers (9), meanwhile, soil above the straw broken layers (9) forms a backfill soil layer (10), the thickness of the backfill soil layer (10) is more than 20 cm, and the straw pieces are completely buried in the soil pit (1); when the earth digging (2) is used for digging a pit by the earth digging machine (4), the earth dug from the earth pit (1) is placed on the earth pile formed by two sides of the upper edge of the earth pit (1), and all the excavated earth (2) is backfilled into the earth pit (1) after the straw crushed layer (9) is arranged; as the additionally added straw fragments are added into the soil pit (1), the volume of the excavated soil (2) is larger than that of the backfill soil layer (10) in the soil pit (1), so that a ridge (11) is formed above the backfill soil layer (10); the farmland (3) is any farmland prepared by preparing straw returning slow-release base fertilizer in situ by using the springtail intestinal complex microbial inoculum; the earth boring machine (4) is a machine capable of excavating earth into a rectangular earth pit, the whole earth boring machine (4) is driven by a tractor, and soil of a farmland (3) is excavated out through an earth boring machine arm (7) and placed on two sides of the upper opening edge of the earth pit (1); the earth boring machine arm (7) is of a structure with a disc-shaped earth boring turntable at the tail end, and the earth boring turntable is driven by the earth boring machine (4); the front end of the straw harvesting crusher (5) is provided with a harvesting head for harvesting and collecting straws and collecting the straws into the crusher, the middle of the straw harvesting crusher is provided with the crusher and can knead and crush the straws into straw fragments, the rear end of the straw harvesting crusher is provided with an injector head for spraying the straw fragments, and the injector head is connected to the front end of the filling cylinder (8); the filler cylinder (8) is made of stainless steel or aluminum alloy, the thickness of the wall of the filler cylinder (8) is 1-3 mm, the diameter of the inner circle of the filler cylinder (8) is 10-20 cm, the whole filler cylinder is in a U shape with a downward opening, the tail end of the filler cylinder (8) is free, and the opening is arranged above the soil pit (1); the irrigation pipe (6) is a pipeline for filling water into the soil pit (1) filled with the straw fragments, one end of the irrigation pipe is opened in the soil pit (1), the other end of the irrigation pipe is connected with a water suction pump capable of pumping a water source, the water in the water source is filled into the soil pit (1), the irrigation pipe (6) is a commercially available water pipe, the inner diameter of the water pipe is 5-10 cm, the thickness of the pipe wall is 1-5 mm, the irrigation pipe is divided into three layers from outside to inside, the outer layer is made of fiber cloth, the middle layer is made of linen fiber net, and the inner layer is made of rubber; while irrigating, the mixed bacterial agent for intestinal tracts of the springtail worms and the nitrogen fertilizer nutrient solution required by the growth of the bacteria are flushed into the soil pit (1) along with water.

2. The method for preparing the straw returning slow-release base fertilizer by using the springtail intestinal complex microbial inoculant in situ according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the compound microbial inoculum is prepared by artificially culturing a plurality of microbial inocula of Leuconobacter, bacillus, terribacillus, lysinibacillus, arthrobacter and Glutamicibacter with cellulose degrading activity in intestinal tracts of springtails according to the ratio of 1:1, mixing the raw materials in a ratio to obtain a composite microbial inoculum; the nitrogen fertilizer nutrient solution required by the growth of the bacteria is a saturated aqueous solution formed by dissolving nitrogen fertilizer urea or ammonium bicarbonate in water; the proportion of the compound microbial inoculum to the nitrogen fertilizer nutrient solution required by the growth of the bacteria is 1:2.

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