CN113899986A - Single-phase earth fault increment phase selection protection method and device - Google Patents
Single-phase earth fault increment phase selection protection method and device Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/08—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks
- G01R31/081—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks according to type of conductors
- G01R31/086—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks according to type of conductors in power transmission or distribution networks, i.e. with interconnected conductors
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- G01R31/50—Testing of electric apparatus, lines, cables or components for short-circuits, continuity, leakage current or incorrect line connections
- G01R31/52—Testing for short-circuits, leakage current or ground faults
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Abstract
The invention discloses a single-phase earth fault increment phase selection protection method and device, and relates to the technical field of relay protection of a power distribution network. The single-phase earth fault increment phase selection protection method and the single-phase earth fault increment phase selection protection device adopt a mode of being used with a conventional measurement current transformer on the premise of canceling the special zero-sequence current transformer and the zero-sequence voltage transformer of the existing method, save the manufacturing cost and the operation and maintenance cost of equipment to the maximum extent, simplify the structure of the equipment, reduce the manufacturing difficulty, realize the technology of eliminating the interference of an arc suppression coil and the interference of the cable capacitance current of a feeder line by the increment current phase selection technology, and solve the technical problem of realizing the detection from low resistance to high resistance earth fault without the zero-sequence voltage.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of relay protection of a power distribution network, in particular to a single-phase earth fault increment phase selection protection method and device.
Background
At present, the development of power grids is different day by day, urban 10kV distribution network lines are gradually developed in an intelligent direction, the requirements of various industries on safe operation of the power grids are higher and higher, and the requirements on the reliability and intelligent control of the operation of the power grids are stricter. The method has the advantages that the grounding fault of the power grid is accurately positioned, the isolation is minimized, and the method is the basis of the power supply reliability of the power grid. The three problems of people and livestock electric shock death caused by single-phase earth faults, fire caused by electrical equipment and equipment damage caused by enlarged earth fault electrical faults are avoided, and the responsibility of the power grid for the society is met.
Under the influence of capacitance current of the cable and the compensation of the arc suppression coil, the domestic existing grounding detection technology cannot bypass two problems of zero sequence voltage and zero sequence current, and a special zero sequence voltage transformer (or sensor) and a zero sequence current transformer (or sensor) are adopted. The protection of special equipment is not adopted, and the domestic single-phase grounding protection can only achieve low-resistance protection below 200 omega.
The conventional methods at home and abroad comprise:
comprehensive line selection method
The method is basically realized in a transformer substation, and comprehensive line selection is carried out by using a high-precision current transformer installed in the transformer substation. The specific calculation includes dozens of methods such as a resistance method, a transient method, a wavelet method, an overcurrent method, phase imbalance and the like, and the fatal problems are that the local isolation of the fault cannot be realized and the timely isolation cannot be realized. The manual instruction of the dispatcher is used for cutting off, so that the fault power failure range is enlarged, and the neighbor catches fire and the fish in the pond are affected.
Method of fault indication
The method is characterized in that a large number of high-precision fault indicators are installed on a power distribution site to track fault characteristic signals, analysis results are reported to a computer master station, remote control brake opening is realized through judgment of a dispatcher, communication is seriously relied on, and a system fails when communication is lost. The specific methods include a fifth harmonic method, a transient method, a phase current imbalance method and the like. And meanwhile, timely isolation cannot be realized, and three problems are avoided.
Ground protection method
At present, the domestic and international protection method is mainly power frequency protection, and the main principle is that the comprehensive analysis and positioning of zero sequence voltage and zero sequence current are utilized.
The first disadvantage is that: a zero sequence current transformer and a zero sequence voltage transformer must be installed, and due to the characteristics of zero sequence parameters, a large amount of additional equipment is installed, which increases the manufacturing cost and the maintenance cost.
The second disadvantage is that: because the system has a large amount of arc suppression coil compensation, the zero sequence capacitance current of the ground is compensated, the amplitude of the compensated zero sequence current is reduced, and the zero sequence phase is reversed, so that the existing zero sequence overcurrent protection, zero sequence direction protection and phase protection are invalid.
The third disadvantage is that: the conventional grounding protection without zero sequence voltage is interfered by the cable capacitance current of the feeder line, so that the grounding detection capability is limited within 0.2k omega, and the capability of high resistance of 2-10 k omega can not be realized.
Method of transient direction
The method is a popular fault indication method in China at present, has certain judgment capability on the fault of an arc-extinguishing coil compensation system, and has poor effect on the rural power grids of an insulated grounding system accounting for two thirds of the total number.
The first disadvantage is that: due to the influence of the current amplitude of the system capacitor and the influence of the phase voltage of the ground fault, the accuracy rate is not high, and the main problems of misjudgment and missed judgment are solved. The requirement of protection on reliability cannot be met, and the protection cannot be used as protection.
The second disadvantage is that: because high-frequency microsecond-level data is sampled, a high-precision voltage sensor and a high-precision current sensor are required, and the requirements on a sampling device chip and a calculation chip are high, so that the cost is high.
Therefore, the applicant inherits the abundant experience of design development and actual manufacturing in the related industry for many years, researches and improves the existing method, and provides a single-phase earth fault increment phase selection protection method and device so as to achieve the aim of higher practical value.
Disclosure of Invention
Technical problem to be solved
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a single-phase earth fault increment phase selection protection method and a single-phase earth fault increment phase selection protection device, which solve the problems that special zero-sequence voltage and zero-sequence current equipment are depended on in earth fault treatment from low resistance to high resistance, and influence of a cable on earth capacitance current and influence of arc suppression coil overcompensation are caused.
(II) technical scheme
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a single-phase earth fault increment phase selection protection method comprises a three-phase current transformer and a circuit breaker, and is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: initializing, namely, cleaning a historical record S ═ Sa, Sb and Sc by the device, and cleaning and phase selecting results phi ═ 0;
step two: in the operation process of the device, a three-phase current I which runs through a three-phase current transformer is collected as { Ia, Ib and Ic };
step three: the device calculates the longitudinal break variable, V ═ { Va, Vb, Vc };
step four: calculating the vector difference between the longitudinal mutation quantity, D ═ Da, Db, Dc };
step five: analyzing the difference result, if all D is equal to 0 or all D is not equal to 0, and the load is determined to be sudden change, recording the history quantity S is equal to I, returning to the step two, and otherwise, entering the step six;
step six: two phases with a difference of 0 are excluded, and an abnormal phase phi is determined as { a, B, C },
the phase is characterized as a ground fault phase;
step seven: entering into transverse characteristic quantity analysis, wherein the device time counting cleaning T is 0, and calculating the transverse characteristic quantity N under the normal state { S0, S2 };
step eight: and collecting I ═ Ia, Ib and Ic }.
Step nine: calculating a transverse characteristic quantity H ═ { I0, I2 };
step ten: if H-N ≠ 0, entering the step eleven, otherwise, returning to the step two if the cleaning selection phase phi is 0;
step eleven: the device counts T + < Tset, and returns to the step eight when the counting is not full;
step twelve: and when the timing is full, sending an action command, starting an outlet relay, sending a tripping command of the circuit breaker, and recording an action result.
Preferably, the mutation analysis is less than 100 ms.
A single-phase earth fault increment phase selection protection device is characterized in that a control method of the device is a single-phase earth fault increment phase selection protection method.
(III) advantageous effects
The invention provides a single-phase earth fault increment phase selection protection method and device. The method has the following beneficial effects:
on the premise of canceling the special zero-sequence current transformer and the zero-sequence voltage transformer of the existing method, the invention adopts a mode of combining with the conventional measuring current transformer, thereby saving the manufacturing cost and the operation and maintenance cost of the equipment to the maximum extent, simplifying the structure of the equipment and reducing the manufacturing difficulty.
The invention realizes the technology of eliminating the interference of arc suppression coils and the interference of the cable capacitance current of the feeder line by the incremental current phase selection technology, and solves the technical problem of realizing the detection of the low-resistance to high-resistance grounding fault without using zero sequence voltage.
The single-phase grounding protection of the invention accurately positions the grounding fault of the power grid and minimizes the isolation, thereby avoiding three problems of human and livestock electric shock death caused by the single-phase grounding fault, fire caused by electrical equipment and equipment damage caused by the enlargement of the grounding fault electrical fault, and being beneficial to the development and progress of the power grid technology.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a simplified general block diagram of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a block diagram of other zero-sequence current and zero-sequence voltage complete equipment dedicated for ground protection;
FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a kit for incremental ground protection of the present invention used with conventional measurements;
FIG. 4 is a block diagram of the longitudinal mutation amount principle calculation according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a block diagram of lateral feature calculation in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a block diagram of the protection computation flow of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a logic diagram of the protection principle of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1-7, the present invention provides a technical solution: the invention relates to a single-phase earth fault increment phase selection protection method and a device, which comprises a three-phase-level measuring current transformer, a protection controller and a high-voltage circuit breaker, wherein the method collects feeder current through the current transformer, analyzes the fault characteristic quantity of the feeder current, and starts the local high-voltage circuit breaker according to the time level difference requirement of relay protection to realize the instant isolation of faults, and comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: initializing, namely, cleaning a historical record S ═ Sa, Sb and Sc by the device, and cleaning and phase selecting results phi ═ 0;
step two: in the operation process of the device, a three-phase current I which runs through a three-phase current transformer is collected as { Ia, Ib and Ic };
step three: the device calculates the longitudinal break variable, V ═ { Va, Vb, Vc };
step four: calculating the vector difference between the longitudinal mutation quantity, D ═ Da, Db, Dc };
step five: analyzing the difference result, if all D is equal to 0 or all D is not equal to 0, and the load is determined to be sudden change, recording the history quantity S is equal to I, returning to the step two, and otherwise, entering the step six;
step six: two phases with a difference of 0 are excluded, and an abnormal phase phi is determined as { a, B, C },
the phase is characterized as a ground fault phase;
step seven: entering into transverse characteristic quantity analysis, wherein the device time counting cleaning T is 0, and calculating the transverse characteristic quantity N under the normal state { S0, S2 };
step eight: and collecting I ═ Ia, Ib and Ic }.
Step nine: calculating a transverse characteristic quantity H ═ { I0, I2 };
step ten: if H-N ≠ 0, entering the step eleven, otherwise, returning to the step two if the cleaning selection phase phi is 0;
step eleven: the device counts T + < Tset, and returns to the step eight when the counting is not full;
step twelve: when the timing is full, an action command is sent, an outlet relay is started, a breaker tripping command is sent, and an action result is recorded;
at this point, all the analysis and execution actions are completed.
The duration of the historical records is limited to 5 cycles, namely the mutation analysis time difference is less than 100 ms.
The invention principle is as follows: the invention realizes single-phase grounding protection by combining two grounding fault variable quantities. The names of the two variables are respectively a short-term longitudinal mutation variable V and a transverse characteristic quantity H.
Short-term longitudinal burst
The longitudinal break variable realizes the phasing of the ground fault in a very short time; eliminating system cycle, capacitance and inductance interference;
short-term longitudinal mutation quantity calculation:
the effective time domain is effective within 5 weeks of the start of the fault and is vanished in the short term.
In a healthy line, the zero sequence increments of three-phase longitudinal mutation values are consistent, so the interphase increment vector difference D of the three-phase longitudinal mutation values is zero
Healthy line, three phases 0:
exit calculation
Faulty line, three phases one 0, two If:
entering lateral feature tracking
Load changes, three phases without 0:
exit calculation
To this end, high-resistance ground phasing is completed.
Long term transverse characteristic quantity
The transverse characteristic quantity realizes the selectivity of long-delay relay protection; eliminating background, tide, inrush current and short circuit interference;
and calculating long-acting transverse characteristic quantity. The long-term lateral characteristic quantity determines that the system has a ground fault. Due to the influence of the end-to-ground capacitance, the long-term lateral characteristic quantity cannot be qualified as the local line. The long-acting transverse characteristic quantity can eliminate the influence of load change, excitation inrush current and interphase short circuit.
The long-acting transverse characteristic quantity can eliminate the influence of load change and interphase short circuit. After long time delay, the influence of excitation surge current can be eliminated.
Under the healthy condition of the line:
under the condition of line fault:
long term transverse characteristic H0＝3I0Not equal to 0 or H2＝3I2And not equal to 0, the grounding fault is always present. Because the equal compensation state does not exist, the compensation of the arc suppression coil does not generate two conditions of zero at the same time, and the analysis of the transverse characteristic quantity is not influenced. Using original quantities 3I of transverse feature quantities0Increment or 3I2Increment, filtering system background transverse vector S, and judging grounding according to the increment amplitude:
and long-acting transverse characteristic quantity is tracked, long-time delay grounding tracking is realized, and conditions are created for protecting selective action.
Ground relay protection
By combining the two technologies, the wide-range single-phase grounding relay protection from low resistance to high resistance is realized under the condition of no zero sequence voltage transformer and zero sequence current transformer.
In a healthy line, the three-phase variation is not large and the vectors are consistent, and Imax is 0;
in a faulty line, the amount of variation of the faulty phase is largest, and the main component is the unbalance amount of the full-system capacitance current: :
the magnitude of the fault current is as follows: i isf＝Imax
The protection action conditions are as follows:
the only influences on the Iset setting fixed value are the measurement lower limit and the measurement precision of the current transformer.
In conclusion, the single-phase earth fault increment phase selection protection method and the single-phase earth fault increment phase selection protection device adopt the mode of being used together with the conventional measuring current transformer on the premise of canceling the special zero sequence current transformer and the zero sequence voltage transformer of the prior method, thereby saving the manufacturing cost and the operation and maintenance cost of equipment to the maximum extent, simplifying the structure of the equipment, reducing the manufacturing difficulty, the invention realizes the technology of eliminating arc suppression coil interference and feeder line self cable capacitance current interference through an incremental current phase selection technology, solves the technical problem of realizing low-resistance to high-resistance ground fault detection without zero sequence voltage, finally achieves single-phase ground protection, accurately positions the power grid ground fault and minimizes the isolation, avoids three problems of human and animal electric shock death caused by single-phase ground fault, fire caused by electrical equipment and equipment damage caused by enlarged ground fault electrical fault, and is beneficial to the development and progress of the power grid technology.
It is noted that, herein, relational terms such as first and second, and the like may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (3)
1. A single-phase earth fault increment phase selection protection method comprises a three-phase current transformer and a circuit breaker, and is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: initializing, namely, cleaning a historical record S ═ Sa, Sb and Sc by the device, and cleaning and phase selecting results phi ═ 0;
step two: in the operation process of the device, a three-phase current I which runs through a three-phase current transformer is collected as { Ia, Ib and Ic };
step three: the device calculates the longitudinal break variable, V ═ { Va, Vb, Vc };
step four: calculating the vector difference between the longitudinal mutation quantity, D ═ Da, Db, Dc };
step five: analyzing the difference result, if all D is equal to 0 or all D is not equal to 0, and the load is determined to be sudden change, recording the history quantity S is equal to I, returning to the step two, and otherwise, entering the step six;
step six: excluding D differences of 0Two phases, an abnormal phase phi is clearly defined as { a, B, C },
the phase is characterized as a ground fault phase;
step seven: entering into transverse characteristic quantity analysis, wherein the device time counting cleaning T is 0, and calculating the transverse characteristic quantity N under the normal state { S0, S2 };
step eight: and collecting I ═ Ia, Ib and Ic }.
Step nine: calculating a transverse characteristic quantity H ═ { I0, I2 };
step ten: if H-N ≠ 0, entering the step eleven, otherwise, returning to the step two if the cleaning selection phase phi is 0;
step eleven: the device counts T + < Tset, and returns to the step eight when the counting is not full;
step twelve: and when the timing is full, sending an action command, starting an outlet relay, sending a tripping command of the circuit breaker, and recording an action result.
2. The single-phase earth fault incremental phase selection protection method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the mutation analysis time difference is less than 100 ms.
3. The utility model provides a single-phase earth fault increment phase selection protection device which characterized in that: the control method of the device is the incremental phase selection protection method for the single-phase earth fault as claimed in claim 1 or 2.
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