CN113899331B - Ball batch detection device and ball diameter difference detection method - Google Patents
Ball batch detection device and ball diameter difference detection method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113899331B CN113899331B CN202111115748.2A CN202111115748A CN113899331B CN 113899331 B CN113899331 B CN 113899331B CN 202111115748 A CN202111115748 A CN 202111115748A CN 113899331 B CN113899331 B CN 113899331B
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- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 74
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 114
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 114
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000036632 reaction speed Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B21/00—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant
- G01B21/10—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant for measuring diameters
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- A Measuring Device Byusing Mechanical Method (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a ball batch detection device and a ball diameter difference detection method, wherein the detection method comprises the following steps: (1) Placing the standard ball in a conveying groove, and zeroing a meter of the measuring instrument after measuring the height of the standard ball by the measuring instrument; (2) Measuring the ball to be measured in the conveying groove by the zeroing measuring instrument to obtain a height difference H between the standard ball and the ball to be measured; (3) Dividing the height difference H by a multiple x to obtain a diameter difference L of the standard ball and the ball to be tested so as to judge whether the ball to be tested meets the use requirement; the invention can effectively improve the precision of the detecting instrument, thereby achieving the detection accuracy; the measuring method can continuously detect in batches, the detection speed is adjusted according to the response speed of the detecting instrument, the contact type and the comparator can meet the precision requirement of about 0.001, and the cost is lowest.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of high-precision detection of balls, and particularly relates to a ball batch detection device and a ball diameter difference detection method.
Background
At present, steel balls can be used for repeated positioning in various industries and fields, and certain requirements are required on the diameter difference precision of the steel balls, for example, when a cutter bar and a cutter head in a machine tool are used for repeated positioning by using the steel balls, the diameter difference between the used steel balls and standard steel balls is between-0.001 mm and 0.001 mm; because of the specificity of the steel ball, the existing measuring mode and measuring tool are very troublesome in detecting the precision of the steel ball.
The existing contact type steel ball measuring method comprises the step of measuring the diameter of the steel ball by using a micrometer or a micrometer gauge and other contact type detection tools, but the measurement accuracy and efficiency are very low due to the characteristic that the steel ball rolls on a plane, if the highest point of the steel ball cannot be positioned, the height measured by the micrometer or the micrometer gauge and other tools is not equal to the diameter of the steel ball, so that errors occur; meanwhile, whether the diameter difference between the steel ball to be detected and the standard steel ball is between-0.001 mm and 0.001mm cannot be directly measured; in addition, the measurement mode cannot realize rapid batch detection of the steel balls.
In view of the above, the requirement of repeated positioning on the precision of the steel balls is high, however, the existing measurement method cannot meet the requirements of batch detection, precision amplification detection and the like, so that it is highly desirable to design a ball batch detection device and a ball diameter difference detection method.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the defects of the prior art, the invention discloses a ball batch detection device and a ball diameter difference detection method, wherein balls are placed on two V-shaped contact surfaces of a conveying groove, the height difference of standard balls and balls to be detected in the conveying groove is measured by using a measuring instrument, and finally the diameter difference of the standard balls and the balls to be detected is calculated by using a multiple formula obtained by the characteristics of the two V-shaped contact surfaces; the invention can realize amplification detection, namely, the precision of a measuring tool is improved; the invention can realize batch detection of the balls and improve the detection efficiency.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a ball batch inspection device, comprising:
the base is provided with a conveying groove for placing and positioning the ball, two contact surfaces of the conveying groove and the ball are in a V shape, and the included angle range of the conveying groove is 8-120 degrees;
and the measuring instrument is fixedly arranged above the conveying groove of the base and is used for detecting the difference between the height of the rolling ball to be measured in the conveying groove and the height of the standard rolling ball.
As a further description of the above technical solution:
the two contact surfaces of the conveying groove, which are in contact with the ball, are of a symmetrical structure, and the measuring point of the measuring instrument is positioned in the center direction between the two contact surfaces of the symmetrical structure, so that the measuring point of the measuring instrument is positioned at the highest point of the ball when the ball is measured, and the error is reduced.
As a further description of the above technical solution:
the conveying groove penetrates through the base and is a V-shaped structural groove, so that the conveying and detection of the balls are facilitated, and batch detection of the balls is realized.
As a further description of the above technical solution:
the included angle of the two contact surfaces is 8 degrees, 60 degrees, 90 degrees or 120 degrees.
As a further description of the above technical solution:
the ball is a steel ball or a steel ball.
As a further description of the above technical solution:
the roundness and ellipticity of the steel balls are standard of G10 or more.
As a further description of the above technical solution:
the measuring instrument is arranged on the base through a lifting fixing structure, lifting of the measuring instrument can be achieved, and when balls with different sizes are detected, measuring points of the measuring instrument are in contact with the surfaces of the balls.
As a further description of the above technical solution:
the measuring instrument comprises measuring tools such as a dial indicator, a comparator or a laser displacement sensor measuring instrument.
A ball diameter difference detection method comprises the following steps:
s1: placing the standard ball in a conveying groove, and zeroing a meter of the measuring instrument after measuring the height of the standard ball by the measuring instrument;
s2: measuring the ball to be measured in the conveying groove by the zeroing measuring instrument to obtain a height difference H between the standard ball and the ball to be measured;
s3: dividing the height difference H by a multiple x to obtain a diameter difference L of the standard ball and the ball to be tested so as to judge whether the ball to be tested meets the use requirement;
wherein,
x is the multiple of the height difference of the standard ball and the ball to be measured and the diameter difference of the standard ball and the ball to be measured; the angle between the two contact surfaces of the beta-conveying groove.
As a further description of the above technical solution:
the ball diameter difference detection method further comprises the following steps:
s4: and the steps S2 and S3 are circularly executed, so that batch detection of a plurality of balls to be detected can be realized.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention provides a ball batch detection device and a ball diameter difference detection method, which utilize two V-shaped contact surfaces of a conveying groove to place balls, utilize a measuring instrument to measure the height difference of standard balls and balls to be detected in the conveying groove, and finally utilize a multiple formula obtained by characteristics of the two V-shaped contact surfaces to calculate the diameter difference of the standard balls and the balls to be detected; the invention obtains the multiple of the height difference and the diameter difference of the standard ball and the ball to be detected by utilizing the two contact surfaces in the V shape, and realizes the amplification detection by the multiple, namely improves the precision of the measuring tool, for example, for the measuring tool with the measuring precision of 0.001mm, the precision reaching more than 0.0001mm can be detected by the detecting device and the measuring method.
According to the invention, by selecting different measuring instruments and setting the detection speed (namely the conveying speed) of the balls according to the reaction speed, the continuous high-speed batch detection of the balls is realized, and the detection efficiency is improved.
The invention can select a contact type measuring instrument (such as a comparator, a dial indicator and a dial indicator) or a non-contact type measuring instrument (a laser displacement sensor measuring instrument) according to the measuring precision requirement of the ball, the use cost and the surface cleaning condition of the ball so as to realize cost control.
The invention can adopt contact detection, has lower requirement on the surface of the steel ball, has stable force applied to the ball by the measuring instrument, has low detection cost, is simple and practical, and can easily realize automatic ball batch detection.
The ball batch detection device and the ball diameter difference detection method provided by the invention have the advantages that the application range of the diameter of the steel balls to be detected is wide, and the steel balls with diameters of 1, 2, 3..100 mm and the like can be detected.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a ball batch detection device according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic longitudinal sectional view of a ball batch detecting device according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the estimation of the multiple x in example 2 of the present invention.
Reference numerals: 1-a base; 2-measuring instrument; 3-a liftable fixing structure; 4-steel balls; 5-a stop block; 6-contact surface.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by a person skilled in the art without any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the present invention, based on the embodiments of the present invention.
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more clear, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
The steel balls are widely applied in various industries, such as the bearing industry, however, the consistency of the steel balls has great influence on the stability of the bearing, and the accuracy of the steel balls can be accurately measured, so that the accuracy of the bearing is improved; in a lathe, when a cutter bar and a cutter head are repeatedly positioned by using steel balls, the precision of the steel balls is often the key for influencing the repeated positioning; from the above, with the progress of technology, the requirements of various industries on the precision of steel balls are higher and higher, and how to detect the diameter precision of steel balls, iron balls and other balls is urgently needed.
The invention detects the diameter difference of the balls, and does not limit the balls to rolling bodies such as steel balls, iron balls, glass beads and the like, because the balls selected in different industries are different; that is, those skilled in the art or other arts select the ball batch detection device or use the ball diameter difference detection method to detect the diameter difference of rolling bodies such as steel balls, iron balls, glass beads, etc. which are protected by the present invention, are all within the scope of the present invention; the following description examples are described in terms of steel balls.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1-2, a steel ball batch detection device comprises a base 1, a measuring instrument 2 and a lifting fixing structure 3 for arranging the measuring instrument 2 on the base 1 or elsewhere.
In the embodiment, the base 1 is provided with a conveying groove for placing and positioning the steel balls, two contact surfaces 6 of the conveying groove and the steel balls 4 are in a V shape, so that the steel balls can be prevented from transversely rolling, and the base 1 is provided with a stop block 5 in the conveying groove below a measuring point of the measuring instrument, so that the steel balls can be prevented from longitudinally rolling, the steel balls 4 are fixed, and the steel balls 4 are prevented from rolling everywhere during contact measurement; meanwhile, two contact surfaces 6 of the conveying groove, which are in contact with the steel balls 4, are in a V shape, and can also accommodate a plurality of steel balls 4, so that batch detection of the steel balls 4 is realized.
In some embodiments, the base 1 is preferably made of cemented carbide, and the steel member may also be made of steel, so as to mainly avoid damage to the surface after friction of the steel balls. It should be noted that it is within the scope of the present invention to use other materials for the base 1 and to plate the cemented carbide layer on the two contact surfaces 6.
In some embodiments, at least the two contact surfaces 6 of the conveying groove and the steel ball 4 need to be smooth in order to ensure the detection accuracy of the steel ball 4.
In some embodiments, the angle between the two contact surfaces 6 ranges from 8 ° -120 °; preferably, the angle between the two contact surfaces 6 is 8 °, 60 °, 90 ° or 120 °. It is worth noting that when the included angle between the two contact surfaces 6 is smaller than 8 degrees, self-locking of the steel balls 4 is easy to generate; when the included angle between the two contact surfaces 6 is larger than 120 degrees, the steel balls 4 roll easily in the fixed direction, and the detection of the steel balls 4 is affected.
In this embodiment, the measuring instrument 2 is fixedly disposed above the conveying groove of the base 1, and is used for detecting a difference between the height of the standard steel ball in the conveying groove and the height of the steel ball to be measured, so as to calculate the height difference between the standard steel ball and the steel ball to be measuredThe diameter of the beads is different. The steel ball batch detection device can calculate the fixed multiple x of the height difference H and the diameter difference L through the known included angle of the two contact surfaces, namely, the diameter difference of the standard steel ball and the steel ball to be detected can be calculated when the height difference H and the fixed multiple x are known, and whether the diameter difference is within the required range of-0.001 mm to 0.001mm and the like. Or calculating the required height difference H when the required diameter difference is-0.001 mm to 0.001mm and the fixed multiple x 1 The range is-0.001 x-0.001 xmm, namely when the difference H between the height of the standard steel ball and the height of the steel ball to be measured is measured, whether H is within-0.001 x-0.001 xmm can be directly judged.
In some embodiments, the measuring instrument 2 is arranged on the base 1 through a fixing structure 3 capable of lifting, lifting of the measuring instrument 2 can be achieved, and when steel balls 4 with different sizes are detected, measuring points of the measuring instrument 2 are in surface contact with the steel balls 4. The lifting fixing structure 3 can adopt lifting mechanisms such as telescopic cylinders, electric cylinders, cross connecting rods and the like, which are not the protection important point of the invention, and can be selected by a person skilled in the art according to practical situations.
In this embodiment, the measuring instrument includes a measuring tool such as a dial indicator, a comparator, or a laser displacement sensor measuring instrument; all measuring instruments are not listed here, but the user selects the measuring instruments, and the measuring instruments capable of measuring the diameter difference between standard steel balls and steel balls to be measured are all within the protection scope of the invention only by adopting the detection device and the measurement method.
In this embodiment, the two contact surfaces 6 of the conveying groove contacting the steel ball 4 are symmetrical, and the measuring point of the measuring instrument 2 is located in the center direction between the two contact surfaces 6 of the symmetrical structure, so that the measuring point of the measuring instrument 2 is located at the highest point of the steel ball 4 when the steel ball 4 is measured, thereby reducing errors.
In some embodiments, the longitudinal section of the conveying groove is preferably V-shaped, namely, the conveying groove is directly formed by two contact surfaces, so that the production cost is low, and the use is convenient; however, it should be noted that the longitudinal section of the conveying groove is in other shapes (such as concave shape), so long as two symmetrical contact surfaces can be satisfied, and the angle between the two contact surfaces is 8 ° -120 ° within the protection scope of the present invention; that is, the scope of the present invention is not limited to the specific shape of the longitudinal section of the conveying trough, and those skilled in the art can select and conventionally design according to practical circumstances.
In some embodiments, the conveying groove can be arranged in a downward inclined manner along the direction from the input direction to the output direction of the steel balls, and the inclination angle of the conveying groove can be set according to the reaction speeds of different measuring instruments, so that automatic batch detection of the steel balls is realized.
In some embodiments, the conveying groove penetrates through the base 1 and is a V-shaped structural groove, so that the steel balls 4 can be conveyed and detected conveniently, one end of the conveying groove is connected with steel ball input equipment, and the other end of the conveying groove is connected with steel ball output equipment, so that automatic steel ball batch detection is realized.
In this embodiment, the roundness and ellipticity of the steel ball 4 are standard of G10 or more, so as to require the diameter difference precision of the steel ball to be within 0.001 mm.
In some embodiments, the device is placed in a constant temperature environment to measure more accurately in consideration of the influence of temperature on the detection of the diameter difference of the steel balls; preferably, the detection precision of the device can reach within 0.001mm under the condition of constant temperature of 20 ℃.
Example 2
The steel ball diameter difference detection method comprises the following steps:
(1) And placing the standard steel balls in the conveying groove, and zeroing the meter of the measuring instrument after measuring the height of the standard steel balls by the measuring instrument.
(2) And measuring the steel balls to be measured in the conveying groove by the zeroing measuring instrument to obtain a height difference H between the standard steel balls and the steel balls to be measured.
(3) Dividing the height difference H by a multiple x to obtain a diameter difference L of the standard steel ball and the steel ball to be detected so as to judge whether the steel ball to be detected meets the use requirement;
wherein,
the number of times of the height difference of the x-standard steel balls and the steel balls to be detected and the diameter difference of the standard steel balls and the steel balls to be detected; the angle between the two contact surfaces of the beta-conveying groove.
(4) And (3) circularly executing the steps (2) and (3), so that batch detection of a plurality of steel balls to be detected can be realized.
In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 3, the calculation formula of the multiple x is as follows:
wherein, the height difference of the x-standard steel ball and the steel ball to be measured is multiplied by the diameter difference of the standard steel ball and the steel ball to be measured; an included angle between two contact surfaces of the beta-conveying groove; h-height difference of standard steel balls and steel balls to be measured; h 1 -the height of standard steel balls; h 2 -the height of the steel ball to be measured; r is R 2 -the radius of the steel ball to be measured; r is R 1 -radius of standard steel beads; l-diameter difference between standard steel ball and steel ball to be measured.
For example, when the included angle of the two contact surfaces is 60 degrees and the diameter difference between the standard steel ball and the steel ball to be measured is required to be between-0.001 mm and 0.001mm, at the moment, the height difference H between the standard steel ball measured by the measuring instrument and the steel ball to be measured is 0.0015 mm; the calculation is as follows:
namely, the steel ball to be measured meets the precision requirement.
The invention provides a ball batch detection device and a ball diameter difference detection method, which utilize two V-shaped contact surfaces of a conveying groove to place balls, utilize a measuring instrument to measure the height difference of standard balls and balls to be detected in the conveying groove, and finally utilize a multiple formula obtained by characteristics of the two V-shaped contact surfaces to calculate the diameter difference of the standard balls and the balls to be detected; the invention obtains the multiple of the height difference and the diameter difference of the standard ball and the ball to be detected by utilizing the two contact surfaces in the V shape, and realizes the amplification detection by the multiple, namely improves the precision of the measuring tool, for example, for the measuring tool with the measuring precision of 0.001mm, the precision reaching more than 0.0001mm can be detected by the detecting device and the measuring method.
According to the invention, by selecting different measuring instruments, the detection speed (namely the conveying speed) of the balls is set according to the reaction speed, so that the continuous high-speed batch detection of the balls is realized, and the detection efficiency is improved; if the reaction speed of the laser displacement sensor is 50-200 microseconds, 1 second=1000000 microseconds, that is, 10000 steel balls can be detected by using the laser displacement sensor for 1 second.
The invention can select a contact type measuring instrument (such as a comparator, a dial indicator and a dial indicator) or a non-contact type measuring instrument (a laser displacement sensor measuring instrument) according to the measuring precision requirement of the ball, the use cost and the surface cleaning condition of the ball so as to realize cost control.
The invention can adopt contact detection, has lower requirement on the surface of the steel ball, has stable force applied to the ball by the measuring instrument, has low detection cost, is simple and practical, and can easily realize automatic ball batch detection.
The ball batch detection device and the ball diameter difference detection method provided by the invention have the advantages that the application range of the diameter of the steel balls to be detected is wide, and the steel balls with diameters of 1, 2, 3..100 mm and the like can be detected.
In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "coaxial," "bottom," "one end," "top," "middle," "another end," "upper," "one side," "top," "inner," "front," "center," "two ends," etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientation or positional relationships shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
In the present invention, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "configured," "connected," "secured," "screwed," and the like are to be construed broadly and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally formed; can be mechanically or electrically connected; either directly or indirectly through intermediaries, may be internal to two elements or may interact with each other, unless explicitly defined otherwise, and the specific meaning of the terms in this disclosure will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art.
Finally, it should be noted that: the foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the present invention is not intended to limit the invention, but rather, although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications may be made to the embodiments described, or equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements or changes may be made without departing from the spirit and principles of the invention.
Claims (1)
1. The ball diameter difference detection method adopts a ball batch detection device, and the ball batch detection device comprises a base and a measuring instrument; the base is provided with a conveying groove for placing and positioning the ball, two contact surfaces of the conveying groove and the ball are in a V shape, and the included angle range of the conveying groove is 8-120 degrees; the measuring instrument is fixedly arranged above the conveying groove of the base and is used for detecting the difference between the height of the ball to be measured in the conveying groove and the height of the standard ball; the two contact surfaces of the conveying groove, which are in contact with the ball, are of a symmetrical structure, and the measuring point of the measuring instrument is positioned in the central direction between the two contact surfaces of the symmetrical structure, so that the measuring point of the measuring instrument is positioned at the highest point of the ball when the ball is measured; the conveying groove penetrates through the base and is a V-shaped structural groove, so that conveying and detection of the balls are facilitated, and batch detection of the balls is realized; the included angle of the two contact surfaces is 8 degrees, 60 degrees, 90 degrees or 120 degrees; the balls are steel balls or steel balls; the base is provided with a stop block in a conveying groove below a measuring point of the measuring instrument to prevent the steel balls from longitudinally rolling; the measuring instrument is arranged on the base through a lifting fixing structure, lifting of the measuring instrument is realized, and when balls with different sizes are detected, measuring points of the measuring instrument are contacted with the surfaces of the balls; the measuring instrument comprises a dial indicator, a comparator or a laser displacement sensor measuring instrument; the method is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1: placing the standard ball in a conveying groove, and zeroing a meter of the measuring instrument after measuring the height of the standard ball by the measuring instrument;
s2: measuring the ball to be measured in the conveying groove by the zeroing measuring instrument to obtain a height difference H between the standard ball and the ball to be measured;
s3: dividing the height difference H by a multipleObtaining the diameter difference L between the standard ball and the ball to be tested so as to judge whether the ball to be tested meets the use requirement;
wherein,；
-a multiple of the difference in height of the standard ball and the ball to be measured and the difference in diameter of the standard ball and the ball to be measured; />-the angle between the two contact surfaces of the conveying trough;
s4: the steps S2 and S3 are circularly executed, so that batch detection of a plurality of balls to be detected can be realized; by selecting different measuring instruments, the detection speed, namely the conveying speed, of the balls is set according to the reaction speed, so that the high-speed batch detection of the ball continuity is realized, and the detection efficiency is improved.
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