CN113897528A - Uniformly dispersed Fe-Ni/Al2O3Preparation method of magnetic composite material - Google Patents

Uniformly dispersed Fe-Ni/Al2O3Preparation method of magnetic composite material Download PDF

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CN113897528A
CN113897528A CN202111087984.8A CN202111087984A CN113897528A CN 113897528 A CN113897528 A CN 113897528A CN 202111087984 A CN202111087984 A CN 202111087984A CN 113897528 A CN113897528 A CN 113897528A
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nickel
iron
composite material
alumina
source
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张德印
郝旭
秦明礼
贾宝瑞
吴昊阳
王月隆
张智睿
张一铭
曲选辉
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University of Science and Technology Beijing USTB
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University of Science and Technology Beijing USTB
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C33/00Making ferrous alloys
    • C22C33/02Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
    • C22C33/0235Starting from compounds, e.g. oxides
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/02Compacting only
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/02Compacting only
    • B22F3/04Compacting only by applying fluid pressure, e.g. by cold isostatic pressing [CIP]
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/10Sintering only
    • B22F3/105Sintering only by using electric current other than for infrared radiant energy, laser radiation or plasma ; by ultrasonic bonding
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/12Both compacting and sintering
    • B22F3/14Both compacting and sintering simultaneously
    • B22F3/15Hot isostatic pressing
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F9/00Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
    • B22F9/16Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using chemical processes
    • B22F9/18Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using chemical processes with reduction of metal compounds
    • B22F9/20Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using chemical processes with reduction of metal compounds starting from solid metal compounds
    • B22F9/22Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using chemical processes with reduction of metal compounds starting from solid metal compounds using gaseous reductors
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C1/00Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/04Making non-ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
    • C22C1/05Mixtures of metal powder with non-metallic powder
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C19/00Alloys based on nickel or cobalt
    • C22C19/03Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C33/00Making ferrous alloys
    • C22C33/006Making ferrous alloys compositions used for making ferrous alloys
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C38/00Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/08Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing nickel
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01FMAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F1/00Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
    • H01F1/01Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
    • H01F1/03Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
    • H01F1/12Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials
    • H01F1/14Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials metals or alloys
    • H01F1/147Alloys characterised by their composition
    • H01F1/14708Fe-Ni based alloys
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/10Sintering only
    • B22F3/105Sintering only by using electric current other than for infrared radiant energy, laser radiation or plasma ; by ultrasonic bonding
    • B22F2003/1051Sintering only by using electric current other than for infrared radiant energy, laser radiation or plasma ; by ultrasonic bonding by electric discharge
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/25Process efficiency

Abstract

A production method of iron-nickel magnetic nano composite material doped with alumina particles belongs to the technical field of composite material preparation. The process comprises the following steps: (1) preparing an iron source, a nickel source, a fuel and an aluminum source into a solution according to a proportion; (2) heating and stirring, volatilizing the solution, concentrating and decomposing to obtain precursor powder; (3) and reacting the precursor powder for 1-3 hours at the temperature of 300-600 ℃ in a protective atmosphere to obtain the alloy powder. (4) Pressing and molding the alloy powder, and calcining and densifying at 800-1300 ℃; and (3) directly sintering the powder by using discharge plasma at 600-750 ℃ or carrying out hot isostatic pressing at the sintering temperature of 700-900 ℃ to obtain the iron-nickel/alumina composite material. The method has the advantages of cheap and easily-obtained raw materials, simple and quick manufacturing process, low process energy consumption and low cost, and the obtained iron-nickel/alumina composite material has fine and dispersed oxide particles and uniform distribution, can effectively improve the mechanical property of the iron-nickel magnetic composite material and has good magnetic property.

Description

Uniformly dispersed Fe-Ni/Al2O3Preparation method of magnetic composite material
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of composite material preparation, and particularly relates to a production method of an iron-nickel magnetic composite material doped with alumina particles.
Background
The iron-nickel alloy has many excellent properties, for example, the iron-nickel alloy with the nickel content of 30% -90% has good soft magnetic characteristics in a weak magnetic field and a medium magnetic field, has high magnetic permeability and low coercive force, is called permalloy, and the permalloy containing 78% of nickel has the highest initial magnetic permeability which is tens of times that of the traditional silicon steel material. The iron core material, the magnetic shielding material, the rectangular magnetic alloy and the thermomagnetic alloy permalloy are widely applied. When the mass fraction of nickel is 36%, the invar effect is produced, the expansion rate of the alloy is almost zero at room temperature, and the alloy shows good dimensional stability, so that the prepared iron-nickel soft magnetic material has the characteristics of low cost, high compressibility, high saturation magnetization and the like, can be used for manufacturing precise instruments, standard measuring tools, resonant cavities, wave guide tubes, variable capacitance blades, hard disk drives, shadow masks of kinescopes, thermosensitive transverse splicing bimetallic strips, laser elements and the like, and is widely applied to the fields of electronic industry, aerospace, precise instruments and the like.
For functional materials, only a single characteristic of the functional material in a certain aspect is concerned in the past, the requirement of scientific and technological development on the material cannot be met, the functional material is required to have certain mechanical bearing capacity in certain scenes, and for example, a nickel core ferromagnetic ring commonly used in the communication industry needs to have certain mechanical properties to maintain the shape and size of the nickel core ferromagnetic ring and support surrounding parts besides the functions of magnetic storage, signal transmission and the like. And if the addition of other elements is strictly controlled by the invar alloy, the internal structure of the alloy is a single austenite structure, so that the strength of the invar alloy is generally low, about 500MPa, the invar alloy is used as a material of some non-bearing parts for a long time, and the development of the structure-function integrated application potential of the invar alloy is limited by the low strength.
Although the traditional methods for reinforcing materials, such as solid solution strengthening, work hardening and the like, can improve the strength of the materials to a certain extent, the traditional methods are all based on cold and hot working processes with complex processes, the iron-nickel alloy is extremely sensitive to various macroscopic and microscopic stresses generated in the working process, and the traditional mechanical processing method is used for generating irreversible damage to the magnetic properties of the iron-nickel alloy, so that the magnetic induction strength and the magnetic permeability of the iron-nickel alloy are reduced, and the balance among the options of functions/structures is difficult.
Therefore, the invention tries to introduce the alumina particles into the iron-nickel alloy in a liquid phase mixing mode, and aims to improve the mechanical property of the iron-nickel alloy and widen the application of the iron-nickel alloy in the aspects of stressed structural members with certain requirements on material functions and the like by introducing the second phase which is dispersed and distributed. Alumina is a high temperature structural ceramic with high hardness, high wear resistance, high chemical stability, low cost, and wide application in industry. The aluminum oxide particles are distributed in the iron-nickel alloy, so that on one hand, the movement of dislocation in the alloy can be hindered, dislocation winding, plugging and the like are generated at the particles, the strength of the alloy is improved, and the aluminum oxide particles with fine and uniformly distributed particles can also play a role in dispersion strengthening; on the other hand, the alumina particles among the crystal grains can block the transmission of dislocation among different crystal grains, the mutual fusion and growth of alloy crystal grains are limited, the alloy crystal grains are enabled to be finer and more dispersed, and particularly the stable physical and chemical properties of the alumina at high temperature also enable the alloy to keep good dimensional stability at high temperature. The yield strength, tensile strength and plastic toughness of the iron-nickel alloy are improved while the unique magnetic properties of the iron-nickel alloy are maintained.
The method for preparing the iron-nickel magnetic composite material mainly comprises the following steps: mechanical alloying method, spray pyrolysis method, chemical method, etc. In publication No. CN108568529A, leichenolong et al mixes iron, nickel metal salt and precipitant in a solution at a certain ratio, precipitates, filters, dries, mechanically mixes with sodium chloride and alumina, and anneals and cools at a certain temperature and time to obtain iron-nickel alloy powder. In publication No. CN108726581B, Naciocong et al use spray pyrolysis method to make iron-nickel alloy melt obtained by electric furnace reduction smelting of nickel iron ore, refining desulfurization, blowing and impurity removal in converter, and then make it undergo the processes of ball-milling, screening and fluid-state oxidation roasting so as to obtain iron-nickel oxide. In publication No. CN110813296A, Hexuan et al uniformly mixed the precursors of zinc, nickel and iron and alkali in solution at a certain ratio, carried out hydrothermal reaction in a hydrothermal kettle, filtered, washed, dried, and reduced in a tube furnace to obtain the nano-porous iron-nickel alloy powder. The method is simple and feasible, but is not easy to realize industrial mass production.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for producing an iron-nickel magnetic composite material doped with alumina particles, aiming at breaking through the damage of the traditional machining process to the magnetic performance of iron-nickel alloy.
The method for producing the magnetic composite material is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
a. dissolving an iron source, a nickel source, a fuel and an aluminum source in deionized water according to a certain proportion, wherein the mass fraction of nickel in the iron-nickel alloy of the target product is 30-90%, the proportion of the fuel to the total amount of the iron source and the nickel source is (1-4): 1, the aluminum source is doped into the composite material in the form of ions existing in the solution, and the addition amount is calculated by calculating the mass ratio of the alumina to the whole composite material and is about 1-5%;
b. b, stirring the mixed solution formed in the step a to fully and uniformly mix the mixed solution, standing for a period of time without precipitation, and heating the solution to volatilize, concentrate and decompose the solution to obtain precursor powder;
c. b, reacting the precursor powder obtained in the step b for 1-3 hours at the temperature of 400-600 ℃ in a certain protective atmosphere to obtain iron-nickel/alumina composite powder;
d. c, pressing and forming the iron-nickel/alumina powder obtained in the step c to obtain an iron-nickel/alumina green body;
e. and d, calcining the green body obtained in the step d at the temperature of 800-1300 ℃ under a certain condition to obtain the iron-nickel/alumina composite material.
f. The iron-nickel/aluminum oxide composite powder obtained in the step c can be directly sintered by spark plasma to directly obtain a composite material, wherein the sintering temperature is 600-750 ℃, the sintering pressure is 30-50 MPa, and the sintering time is 3-5 minutes; or hot isostatic pressing for direct forming, wherein the sintering pressure is 100-150MPa, the sintering temperature is 700-900 ℃, and the sintering time is 0.5-1.5 hours, so as to obtain the iron-nickel/alumina composite material.
Further, the iron source added in the step a is soluble iron salt such as ferric nitrate nonahydrate, ferric sulfate hydrate, ferric chloride hexahydrate and the like; wherein the nickel source is soluble nickel salts such as nickel nitrate hexahydrate, nickel acetate tetrahydrate, nickel dichloride hexahydrate and the like; when the iron source is ferric nitrate nonahydrate, the fuel is oxidant such as glycine, urea, glucose, citric acid and the like, and the molar ratio of the fuel to the total amount of the iron source and the nickel source is (1-4): 1; wherein the aluminum source is soluble aluminum salt such as aluminum nitrate nonahydrate, hydrated aluminum sulfate and the like.
Further, the predetermined atmosphere in step c is a reducing atmosphere such as hydrogen or carbon monoxide. The optimal reaction temperature is 400-500 ℃; the optimal reaction time is 1.5 to 2.5 hours.
Further, the pressing molding in the step d is die pressing and cold isostatic pressing, and the pressure range is 150-300 MPa.
Further, the sintering conditions in step e are protective atmosphere such as vacuum, hydrogen, nitrogen, argon, etc. The sintering time is 1-3 hours.
Based on the dispersion strengthening principle, by a solution combustion synthesis method, alumina particles are introduced into the iron-nickel alloy as a second phase in a liquid-liquid mixing mode and are uniformly mixed with the matrix at an atomic level to prepare precursor powder with alumina uniformly dispersed and distributed on the iron-nickel oxide matrix, and the obtained powder is loose, porous and good in dispersibility. And reducing the precursor powder, removing oxygen in iron and nickel, and obtaining the aluminum oxide/iron-nickel composite powder.
The key points of the technology of the invention are as follows:
1. alumina particles are introduced into the iron-nickel alloy to obtain alumina/iron-nickel composite powder. The porous structure of the powder provides large specific surface area and high sintering activity, and the densification of the material is carried out under certain protective gas by a powder metallurgy atmosphere sintering method to obtain the aluminum oxide dispersion strengthened iron-nickel alloy. On the premise of maintaining the excellent magnetic property of the iron-nickel alloy, the mechanical property is greatly improved. The application of the iron-nickel-based composite material in the aspects of strengthening iron-nickel alloy, iron-nickel soft magnetic materials and the like by using particle oxides is greatly improved. The method has the characteristics of low cost, high efficiency and excellent product performance.
2. The method comprises the steps of preparing precursor powder by controlling the proportion of an iron source, a nickel source, a fuel and an aluminum source through a solution combustion synthesis method, reacting for 1-3 hours at the temperature of 400-600 ℃ in a protective atmosphere to obtain iron-nickel/alumina composite powder, pressing and calcining to obtain the alumina/iron-nickel composite powder.
The method has the following advantages: (1) the reaction is carried out in a liquid phase, so that the uniform mixing of the atomic levels of all components can be realized, and the particles can be uniformly dispersed and distributed in a matrix; (2) the heat released by the reaction can make the reaction self-maintained, and the energy consumption is low; (3) gas generated in the reaction process can play a role in dispersing products, and can effectively prevent agglomeration of powder particles; (4) the prepared precursor has high reaction activity, and can reduce the subsequent reaction temperature and improve the reaction speed. (5) The prepared powder has fine particles, large specific surface area and high sintering activity, and can effectively reduce the densification temperature; (6) the raw materials are cheap and easy to obtain, the manufacturing process is simple, convenient and quick, the process energy consumption is low, the cost is low, and the large-scale production can be realized;
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated below with reference to examples, which are intended to illustrate the invention and not to limit the scope of the invention. Furthermore, it should be understood that various changes and modifications of the present invention may be made by those skilled in the art after reading the teachings herein, and such equivalents may fall within the scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Example 1:
weighing 0.1mol of ferric nitrate, 0.095mol of nickel nitrate, 0.2 mol of glycine and 0.01 mol of aluminum nitrate, dissolving the raw materials in deionized water to prepare a mixed solution, and placing the mixed solution on a temperature-controllable electric furnace for heating. The solution is subjected to a series of reactions such as volatilization, concentration, decomposition and the like to obtain precursor powder, and the precursor powder is reacted for 2 hours at the temperature of 400 ℃ in a hydrogen atmosphere to obtain the iron-nickel/alumina composite powder. And pressing the composite powder on a hydraulic press to obtain a green body, wherein the pressing pressure is 300 MPa. And (3) putting the green body into a tubular furnace, introducing hydrogen, and sintering at 800 ℃ for 3h to obtain the iron-nickel/alumina composite material.
Example 2:
weighing 0.07 mol of ferric chloride, 0.1mol of nickel chloride, 0.35 mol of glycine and 0.03 mol of aluminum nitrate, dissolving the raw materials in deionized water to prepare a mixed solution, and placing the mixed solution on a temperature-controllable electric furnace for heating. The solution is subjected to a series of reactions such as volatilization, concentration, decomposition and the like to obtain precursor powder, and the precursor powder is reacted for 1.5 hours at the temperature of 500 ℃ in the atmosphere of carbon monoxide to obtain the iron-nickel/alumina composite powder. And (3) carrying out cold isostatic pressing on the composite powder at the pressure of 200MPa to obtain a green body. And (3) putting the green body into a hot-pressing sintering furnace, sintering for 2h at 900 ℃ in a vacuum atmosphere, and densifying to obtain the iron-nickel/aluminum oxide composite material.
Example 3:
weighing 0.1mol of ferric chloride, 0.095mol of nickel sulfate, 0.4 mol of glucose and 0.015 mol of aluminum nitrate, dissolving the raw materials in deionized water to prepare a mixed solution, and placing the mixed solution on a temperature-controllable electric furnace for heating. The solution is subjected to a series of reactions such as volatilization, concentration, decomposition and the like to obtain precursor powder, and the precursor powder is reacted for 1 hour at 500 ℃ in a hydrogen atmosphere to obtain the iron-nickel/alumina composite powder. And pressing the composite powder on a hydraulic press to obtain a green body, wherein the pressing pressure is 300 MPa. And (3) putting the green body into a tube furnace, introducing argon, and sintering at 1100 ℃ for 1.5h to obtain the iron-nickel/alumina composite material.
Example 4:
weighing 0.07 mol of ferric sulfate, 0.1mol of nickel nitrate, 0.25 mol of urea and 0.025 mol of aluminum nitrate, dissolving the raw materials in deionized water to prepare a mixed solution, and placing the mixed solution on a temperature-controllable electric furnace for heating. The solution is subjected to a series of reactions such as volatilization, concentration, decomposition and the like to obtain precursor powder, and the precursor powder is reacted for 1 hour at the temperature of 600 ℃ in the atmosphere of carbon monoxide to obtain the iron-nickel/alumina composite powder. And (3) sheathing the composite powder, sintering the composite powder by hot isostatic pressing, sintering the composite powder at the sintering pressure of 150MPa for 1.5h at 800 ℃ for densification to obtain the iron-nickel/alumina composite material.
Example 5:
weighing 0.1mol of ferric nitrate, 0.095mol of nickel acetate, 0.35 mol of glycine and 0.03 mol of aluminum nitrate, dissolving the raw materials in deionized water to prepare a mixed solution, and placing the mixed solution on a temperature-controllable electric furnace for heating. The solution is subjected to a series of reactions such as volatilization, concentration, decomposition and the like to obtain precursor powder, and the precursor powder is reacted for 2.5 hours at 350 ℃ in hydrogen atmosphere to obtain the iron-nickel/alumina composite powder. And (3) filling the composite powder into a mold, performing discharge plasma sintering, and sintering at 700 ℃ for 3 minutes under the sintering pressure of 50MPa to obtain the iron-nickel/alumina composite material.

Claims (5)

1. A method for producing iron-nickel/alumina magnetic composite material doped with alumina particles is characterized by comprising the following steps:
a. dissolving an iron source, a nickel source, a fuel and an aluminum source in deionized water according to a certain proportion, wherein the mass fraction of nickel in the iron-nickel alloy of the target product is 30-90%, the proportion of the fuel to the total amount of the iron source and the nickel source is (1-4): 1, the aluminum source is doped into the composite material in the form of ions existing in the solution, and the addition amount is obtained by calculating the mass ratio of the alumina to the whole composite material and ranges from 1% to 5%;
b. b, stirring the mixed solution formed in the step a to fully and uniformly mix the mixed solution, standing for a period of time without precipitation, and heating the solution to volatilize, concentrate and decompose the solution to obtain precursor powder;
c. b, reacting the precursor powder obtained in the step b for 1-3 hours at the temperature of 400-600 ℃ in a certain protective atmosphere to obtain iron-nickel/alumina composite powder;
d. c, pressing and forming the iron-nickel/alumina powder obtained in the step c to obtain an iron-nickel/alumina green body;
e. calcining the green body obtained in the step d at the temperature of 800-1300 ℃ under a certain condition to obtain an iron-nickel/alumina composite material;
f. the iron-nickel/aluminum oxide composite powder obtained in the step c can be directly sintered by discharge plasma to directly obtain a composite material, wherein the sintering temperature is 600-750 ℃, the sintering pressure is 30-50 MPa, and the sintering time is 3-5 minutes; or hot isostatic pressing is carried out for direct forming, the sintering pressure is 100-150MPa, the sintering temperature is 700-900 ℃, and the sintering time is 0.5-1.5 hours, so as to obtain the iron-nickel/alumina composite material.
2. The method for producing iron-nickel/alumina magnetic composite material doped with alumina particles as claimed in claim 1, wherein the iron source added in step a is iron nitrate nonahydrate, iron sulfate hydrate, iron chloride hexahydrate soluble iron salt; wherein the nickel source is nickel nitrate hexahydrate, nickel acetate tetrahydrate and nickel dichloride hexahydrate soluble nickel salt; when the iron source is ferric nitrate nonahydrate, the fuel is oxidant such as glycine, urea, glucose, citric acid and the like, and the molar ratio of the fuel to the total amount of the iron source and the nickel source is (1-4): 1; wherein the aluminum source is aluminum nitrate nonahydrate and aluminum sulfate hydrate soluble aluminum salt, and the adding amount of the aluminum source is 1-5% of the whole mass fraction of the composite material.
3. The method for preparing iron-nickel/alumina magnetic composite material doped with alumina particles as claimed in claim 1, wherein the atmosphere in step c is a reductive protection atmosphere of hydrogen and carbon monoxide, the reaction temperature is 300-600 ℃, and the reaction time is 1-3 hours.
4. The method for preparing iron-nickel/alumina magnetic composite material doped with alumina particles as claimed in claim 1, wherein the compression molding method in step d is compression molding and cold isostatic pressing, and the pressure is 150-300 MPa.
5. The method for preparing the uniformly dispersed Fe-Ni/alumina composite material according to claim 1, wherein the sintering conditions in the step e are vacuum, hydrogen, nitrogen and argon protective atmosphere, the sintering temperature is 800-1300 ℃, and the sintering time is 1-3 hours.
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