CN113894462A - Aluminum alloy brazing filler metal, preparation method thereof and TLP (TLP) welding method of 5A02 aluminum alloy conduit - Google Patents
Aluminum alloy brazing filler metal, preparation method thereof and TLP (TLP) welding method of 5A02 aluminum alloy conduit Download PDFInfo
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- CN113894462A CN113894462A CN202111313079.XA CN202111313079A CN113894462A CN 113894462 A CN113894462 A CN 113894462A CN 202111313079 A CN202111313079 A CN 202111313079A CN 113894462 A CN113894462 A CN 113894462A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
- B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
- B23K35/28—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 950 degrees C
- B23K35/286—Al as the principal constituent
- B23K35/288—Al as the principal constituent with Sn or Zn
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K1/00—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering
- B23K1/0008—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering specially adapted for particular articles or work
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K1/00—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering
- B23K1/002—Soldering by means of induction heating
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/08—Non-ferrous metals or alloys
- B23K2103/10—Aluminium or alloys thereof
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Abstract
The invention provides an aluminum alloy brazing filler metal and a preparation method thereof, and a TLP (TLP) welding method of a 5A02 aluminum alloy conduit, and belongs to the technical field of aluminum alloy conduit welding. The aluminum alloy brazing filler metal comprises the following elements in percentage by mass: si: 10-14%, Cu: 4-9%, Mg: 1-2%, Zn: 10-15%, Sn: 6-7%, Ti: 0.05 to 0.08%, Zr: 0.15-0.2%, RE: 0.05-0.08% and the balance of Al. The aluminum alloy brazing filler metal is used for TLP welding of the 5A02 aluminum alloy conduit, the problem that a high-melting-point oxide film of the aluminum alloy conduit is difficult to remove in TLP welding is solved, and the quality of a welding joint is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of aluminum alloy conduit welding, in particular to an aluminum alloy brazing filler metal and a preparation method thereof, and a TLP (TLP) welding method of a 5A02 aluminum alloy conduit.
Background
The aluminum alloy conduit is an important part of a spacecraft such as a carrier rocket, a manned spacecraft, a space station and the like, and the high-quality and high-reliability connection of the aluminum alloy conduit is a key for realizing the safe operation of the spacecraft. At present, most aluminum alloy guide pipes are manufactured by a Tungsten Inert Gas (TIG) welding method, so that air hole defects are easily generated during welding, the quality is unstable, and the percent of pass is low.
Transient liquid phase diffusion bonding (TLP bonding for short) is an advanced bonding method with high performance, high efficiency and low deformation. For the welding of pipeline products, in the 90 s of the 20 th century, non-vacuum TLP diffusion welding technology of steel pipes was developed by Mitsubishi heavy industry, Sumitomo metal companies and the like, TLP diffusion welding of the steel pipes is realized to replace manual TIG filler wire welding, and the TLP diffusion welding technology is successfully applied to industries such as boilers and the like. However, for aluminum alloy members, because aluminum and aluminum alloys are highly oxidizable, the oxide film with high melting point (about 2000 ℃) generated during the welding process is difficult to remove, which hinders the application of the TLP bonding process to aluminum alloy conduit connections.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an aluminum alloy brazing filler metal and a preparation method thereof, and a TLP (TLP) welding method of a 5A02 aluminum alloy conduit, wherein the aluminum alloy brazing filler metal is used for TLP welding of a 5A02 aluminum alloy conduit, so that the problem that a high-melting-point oxide film in TLP welding of the aluminum alloy conduit is difficult to remove is solved, and the quality of a welding joint is improved.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the invention provides an aluminum alloy brazing filler metal which comprises the following elements in percentage by mass: si: 10-14%, Cu: 4-9%, Mg: 1-2%, Zn: 10-15%, Sn: 6-7%, Ti: 0.05 to 0.08%, Zr: 0.15-0.2%, RE: 0.05-0.08% and the balance of Al.
Preferably, the RE comprises one or more of Se, Y and La.
The invention provides a preparation method of the aluminum alloy brazing filler metal, which comprises the following steps:
corresponding to the composition of the aluminum alloy brazing filler metal in the scheme, smelting and casting the preparation raw materials to obtain a cast ingot;
and performing melt rapid quenching on the cast ingot to obtain the aluminum alloy brazing filler metal.
The invention provides a TLP (TLP) welding method for a 5A02 aluminum alloy pipe, which comprises the following steps of:
fixing the 5A02 aluminum alloy guide pipe to be welded on a clamp, adding aluminum alloy brazing filler metal between the welding heads, applying axial pressure to the 5A02 aluminum alloy guide pipe to be welded to compress the aluminum alloy brazing filler metal, and performing TLP welding in a protective atmosphere; the temperature of the TLP welding is 572-588 ℃;
the aluminum alloy brazing filler metal is the aluminum alloy brazing filler metal in the scheme or the aluminum alloy brazing filler metal prepared by the preparation method in the scheme.
Preferably, before the TLP welding, a water-cooled copper block is installed on the 5a02 aluminum alloy pipe to be welded, and cooling water is introduced.
Preferably, the distance between the water-cooling copper block and the to-be-welded joint is 35-45 mm.
Preferably, the temperature is kept for 9-10 min after the temperature reaches the TLP welding temperature.
Preferably, the axial pressure is 2.0-2.5 MPa.
Preferably, the gas providing the protective atmosphere is an inert gas.
Preferably, the TLP welding is heated by a self-control split high-frequency induction heating source.
The invention provides an aluminum alloy brazing filler metal which comprises the following elements in percentage by mass: si: 10-14%, Cu: 4-9%, Mg: 1-2%, Zn: 10-15%, Sn: 6-7%, Ti: 0.05 to 0.08%, Zr: 0.15-0.2%, RE: 0.05-0.08% and the balance of Al.
The aluminum alloy brazing filler metal contains 4-9% of Cu, so that the melting point of the aluminum alloy brazing filler metal can be effectively reduced; the Si has good compatibility with Cu and Al, and the performance of the aluminum alloy solder can be enhanced by adding a proper amount of Si into the aluminum alloy solder; mg can reduce Al on the surface of Al base material by chemical reaction2O3The melting point of the generated new oxide is far lower than the connection temperature, and Mg is more active than Al and can generate chemical reaction with the aluminum oxide film to decompose and remove the aluminum oxide film; the melting point of Sn is lower and is only 232 ℃, and the flow spreading capability of the solder can be effectively improved by adding a proper amount of Sn; the rare earth element (RE) is easy to be segregated in the grain boundary and the dendrite boundary to form a continuous or discontinuous net film,the strong heat property and the high-temperature oxidation resistance of the aluminum alloy are improved, and the generation of an aluminum oxide film is reduced; zn can not only reduce the melting point of the aluminum alloy brazing filler metal, but also can generate obvious strengthening effect on the aluminum alloy; ti and aluminum form a TiAl3 phase, so that a casting structure and a welding seam structure can be refined; zr and Al form ZrAl3 compound, which can obstruct the recrystallization process and refine grains. The aluminum alloy brazing filler metal is used for TLP welding of a 5A02 aluminum alloy conduit, so that the adverse effect of a high-melting-point aluminum oxide film on welding can be eliminated, and meanwhile, the quality of a welding joint is improved.
In addition, the aluminum alloy brazing filler metal has a lower melting point than that of the conventional aluminum alloy brazing filler metal, so that the temperature of TLP (thermal liquid vapor deposition) welding can be reduced, and the generation of an oxide film is reduced.
Furthermore, in the TLP welding process of the 5A02 aluminum alloy conduit, the water-cooled copper block is used, a temperature gradient is formed in a region to be welded, the cooling rate of the welding region of the 5A02 aluminum alloy conduit can change, a reaction region is cooled in the solidification process of the aluminum alloy brazing filler metal, the shape of an interface is unstable, and a fusion line is displaced, so that the straight fusion line of the traditional welding method is changed into a dendritic shape or a sinusoidal shape. Compared with the traditional straight interface, the bent interface has certain extension, increases the contact between parent metals, improves the performance, and can extrude and break an oxide film, thereby realizing better connection.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of TLP welding according to the present invention, wherein, 1-clamping device, 2-pressurizing device, 3-water-cooled copper block, 4-transparent acrylic protective cover, 5-high frequency induction heating coil;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the results of differential thermal analysis of the aluminum alloy filler metal of example 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a TLP bond head obtained in application example 1;
FIG. 4 is an SEM image of a TLP joint made of 5A02 aluminum alloy obtained in application example 1;
FIG. 5 is an SEM image of a 5A02 aluminum alloy TLP joint obtained in comparative application example 1;
FIG. 6 is an SEM image of a TLP joint made of 5A02 aluminum alloy obtained in application example 2.
Detailed Description
The invention provides an aluminum alloy brazing filler metal which comprises the following elements in percentage by mass: si: 10-14%, Cu: 4-9%, Mg: 1-2%, Zn: 10-15%, Sn: 6-7%, Ti: 0.05 to 0.08%, Zr: 0.15-0.2%, RE: 0.05-0.08% and the balance of Al.
The aluminum alloy brazing filler metal comprises, by mass, 10-14% of Si, preferably 11-13%, and more preferably 11.5-12.5%. In the examples of the present invention, the content of Si is 10%. In the invention, Si has good compatibility with Cu and Al, and can strengthen the performance of a welding joint.
The aluminum alloy brazing filler metal comprises, by mass, 4-9% of Cu, preferably 5-8%, and more preferably 6-7%. According to the invention, by adding a proper amount of Cu, the melting point of the aluminum alloy solder can be effectively reduced.
The aluminum alloy brazing filler metal comprises, by mass, 1-2% of Mg, preferably 1.2-1.8%, and more preferably 1.4-1.6%. In the present invention, Mg can reduce Al on the surface of the Al base material by a chemical reaction2O3The melting point of the generated new oxide is far lower than the connection temperature, and Mg is more active than Al and can react with the aluminum oxide film to decompose and remove the aluminum oxide film.
The aluminum alloy brazing filler metal comprises, by mass, 10-15% of Zn, preferably 11-14%, and more preferably 12-13%. In the invention, Zn can not only reduce the melting point of the aluminum alloy solder, but also can generate obvious strengthening effect on the aluminum alloy.
The aluminum alloy brazing filler metal comprises, by mass, 6-7% of Sn, preferably 6.2-6.8%, and more preferably 6.4-6.6%. In the invention, the melting point of Sn is lower and is only 232 ℃, and the flow spreading capability of the solder can be effectively improved by adding a proper amount of Sn.
The aluminum alloy brazing filler metal comprises 0.05-0.08% of Ti, and preferably 0.06-0.07% of Ti by mass percentage. In the invention, Ti and aluminum form TiAl3 phase, which can refine casting structure and welding seam structure.
The aluminum alloy brazing filler metal provided by the invention comprises 0.15-0.2% of Zr by mass percentage, preferably 0.16-0.19%, and more preferably 0.17-0.18%. In the present invention, Zr and Al form a ZrAl3 compound, which hinders the recrystallization process and refines the crystal grains.
The aluminum alloy brazing filler metal comprises 0.05-0.08% of RE (rare earth element), and preferably 0.06-0.07% of RE by mass. In the present invention, the RE preferably includes one or more of Se, Y and La, more preferably Se. In the invention, the rare earth element (RE) is easy to be partially polymerized in a crystal boundary and a dendritic crystal boundary to form a continuous or discontinuous net film, thereby improving the strong heat property and the high-temperature oxidation resistance of the aluminum alloy and reducing the generation of an aluminum oxide film.
The aluminum alloy blank provided by the invention also comprises the balance of Al and other inevitable impurities.
The aluminum alloy brazing filler metal is used for TLP welding of a 5A02 aluminum alloy conduit, so that the adverse effect of a high-melting-point aluminum oxide film on welding can be eliminated, and meanwhile, the quality of a welding joint is improved. In addition, the aluminum alloy brazing filler metal has a lower melting point than that of the conventional aluminum alloy brazing filler metal, so that the temperature of TLP (thermal liquid vapor deposition) welding can be reduced, and the generation of an oxide film is reduced.
The invention provides a preparation method of the aluminum alloy brazing filler metal, which comprises the following steps:
corresponding to the composition of the aluminum alloy brazing filler metal in the scheme, smelting and casting the preparation raw materials to obtain a cast ingot;
and performing melt rapid quenching on the cast ingot to obtain the aluminum alloy brazing filler metal.
The invention correspondingly relates to the composition of the aluminum alloy brazing filler metal in the scheme, and the preparation raw materials are smelted and cast. The invention has no special requirement on the types of the preparation raw materials, and in the embodiment of the invention, the preparation raw materials are specifically Al-20Si alloy, pure Al, Al-10Ti alloy, Al-50Cu alloy, Zn, Sn, Al-20Mg alloy, Al-10Zr alloy and Al-10RE alloy. According to the invention, theoretical calculation is carried out according to the composition of the aluminum alloy brazing filler metal, so that the quality of different preparation raw materials is obtained. According to the invention, the preparation raw materials are preferably cleaned and then smelted. In the present invention, the washing preferably includes: firstly, cleaning with 10% NaOH solution for 1min, then neutralizing with 15% dilute nitric acid, cleaning with clear water, finally placing the preparation raw materials in ethanol, cleaning with ultrasonic waves for 30min, and finally placing in a vacuum drying oven for heat preservation and drying. The invention removes oil stain and oxidation film on the surface of each raw material by cleaning.
The invention has no special requirements on the smelting process, and the smelting process well known in the field can be adopted. In the embodiment of the invention, a graphite crucible is placed in a resistance furnace to be preheated to 400-420 ℃, then Al-20Si alloy is added, the heating is continued to 740-760 ℃, pure Al, Al-10Ti alloy and Al-50Cu alloy are added after the Al-20Si alloy is melted, then hexachloroethane is added for refining, the temperature is kept for 10-15 minutes for deslagging, Zn, Sn and Al-20Mg alloy are added into the obtained refined liquid, the temperature is raised to 740-760 ℃ after stirring, Al-10Zr alloy and Al-10RE alloy are added for heat preservation for 8-10 minutes, the stirring is uniform, the molten metal is fully reacted, and the alloy liquid is obtained after oxides on the surface of the molten metal are removed. In the present invention, the mass of the hexachloroethane is preferably 1 to 2% of the mass of the ingot.
After the alloy liquid is obtained, the alloy liquid is cast to obtain a cast ingot. In the invention, the casting temperature is preferably 710-730 ℃, and the alloy liquid is preferably cast into the preheated graphite type. In the invention, the preheating temperature of the graphite type is preferably 150-200 ℃. The present invention does not require any particular dimensions for the ingot, and any dimensions known in the art are possible. In an embodiment of the invention, the ingot is a cylindrical test bar with a diameter of phi 15 mm.
After the ingot is obtained, the ingot is subjected to melt rapid quenching to obtain the aluminum alloy brazing filler metal.
The invention has no special requirements on the implementation process of the melt rapid quenching, and the melt rapid quenching process known in the field can be adopted. In the present invention, the melt rapid quenching is preferably carried out in a WK-ii type high vacuum single roll rotary quenching system. In the embodiment of the invention, the system is vacuumized to 4-6 Pa, the cast ingot is heated to be completely melted, and the melted alloy liquid is blown on a red copper roller with a smooth surface and rotating at a high speed by argon gas to obtain the aluminum alloy brazing filler metal. In the present invention, the rotation speed of the red copper roller is preferably 2100 rpm. In the present invention, the aluminum alloy filler metal is preferably a foil tape. The thickness of the foil strip is not particularly critical to the present invention and may be any thickness known in the art.
The invention provides a TLP (TLP) welding method for a 5A02 aluminum alloy pipe, which comprises the following steps of:
fixing the 5A02 aluminum alloy guide pipe to be welded on a clamp, adding aluminum alloy brazing filler metal between the welding heads, applying axial pressure to the 5A02 aluminum alloy guide pipe to be welded to compress the aluminum alloy brazing filler metal, and performing TLP welding in a protective atmosphere; the temperature of the TLP welding is 572-588 ℃;
the aluminum alloy brazing filler metal is the aluminum alloy brazing filler metal in the scheme or the aluminum alloy brazing filler metal prepared by the preparation method in the scheme.
The specification of the 5A02 aluminum alloy conduit to be welded has no special requirement, and the skilled person can select the specification according to the actual requirement. In the example of the invention, the two 5A02 aluminum alloy pipes to be welded are both 15mm in diameter and 10cm in length.
Before the 5A02 aluminum alloy conduit to be welded is fixed on the clamp, the invention preferably cleans the 5A02 aluminum alloy conduit to be welded. In the present invention, the washing preferably includes: and cleaning the part to be welded by sequentially using a sodium hydroxide solution, a nitric acid solution and alcohol. In the present invention, the mass concentration of the sodium hydroxide solution is preferably 10%; the mass concentration of the nitric acid solution is preferably 15%, and the concentration of the alcohol in the invention is not particularly required, and the alcohol with the concentration well known in the art can be used. According to the invention, the cleaned aluminum alloy conduit is preferably wrapped by a vacuum sample bag and is placed in a constant temperature sample box for drying and storage at a constant temperature of 25 ℃ so as to prevent long-time oxidation and be used at any time.
After the cleaning is finished, the cleaned 5A02 aluminum alloy conduit to be welded is fixed on a clamp, aluminum alloy brazing filler metal is added between the parts to be welded, axial pressure is applied to the 5A02 aluminum alloy conduit to be welded to compress the aluminum alloy brazing filler metal, and TLP welding is carried out in a protective atmosphere.
In order to better understand the technical solution of the present invention for those skilled in the art, the TLP bonding method of the present invention is now described with reference to fig. 1.
As shown in FIG. 1, the present invention fixes a 5A02 aluminum alloy pipe to be welded to a jig. The invention has no special requirement on the mode of fixing the 5A02 aluminum alloy guide pipe to be welded on the clamp, and the fixing mode well known in the field can be adopted. Then adding aluminum alloy brazing filler metal between the to-be-welded joints, and applying axial pressure to the to-be-welded 5A02 aluminum alloy guide pipe to compress the aluminum alloy brazing filler metal. The surface of the aluminum alloy brazing filler metal is preferably polished by sand paper, wiped by alcohol, dried and then used. In the invention, the axial pressure is preferably 2.0-2.5 MPa, more preferably 2.3MPa, and the invention preferably realizes that the clamping device 1 and the pressurizing device 2 are used for applying the axial pressure to the 5A02 aluminum alloy guide pipe to be welded and compacting the aluminum alloy brazing filler metal. The present invention does not require any special clamping device 1 and pressurizing device 2, and may employ a clamping device and a pressurizing device known in the art.
In the present invention, before TLP welding, the present invention preferably further comprises installing a water-cooled copper block 3 on the 5a02 aluminum alloy conduit to be welded, and introducing cooling water. In the invention, the distance between the water-cooled copper block 3 and the joint to be welded is preferably 35-45 mm, and more preferably 40 mm. The invention controls the temperature gradient by controlling the distance between the water-cooling copper block and the joint to be welded. By controlling the distance between the water-cooling copper block and the joint to be welded within the range, the invention can form better temperature gradient, form a dendritic or sinusoidal fusion line, extrude and crush an oxide film, and simultaneously prevent the situation that the weld joint with stronger temperature gradient is bent and not welded.
The present invention preferably performs TLP bonding under a protective atmosphere. In the present invention, the gas providing the protective atmosphere is preferably an inert gas, more preferably argon. In the invention, argon is preferably introduced into the transparent acrylic protective cover 4 for TLP welding. The temperature of the TLP welding is 572-588 ℃, preferably 575-585 ℃, and more preferably 578-582 ℃. The invention preferably adopts a self-control split high-frequency induction heating source for heating. As shown in fig. 1, 5 is a high-frequency induction heating coil. In the present invention, the temperature increase rate for increasing the temperature to the temperature for TLP bonding is preferably 10 ℃/min. After the temperature of the TLP welding is reached, the temperature is preferably kept for 9-10 min.
The aluminum alloy brazing filler metal and the preparation method thereof, and the TLP welding method of 5a02 aluminum alloy conduits provided by the present invention are described in detail below with reference to examples, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
The chemical composition of the aluminum alloy brazing filler metal is shown in table 1.
The preparation of the aluminum alloy solder is as follows:
the first step is as follows: performing theoretical calculation according to the mixture ratio to obtain the required quality of different preparation raw materials;
the second step is that: cleaning each preparation raw material by adopting a NaOH solution with the mass fraction of 10% for 1min, then neutralizing by adopting dilute nitric acid with the mass fraction of 15%, then cleaning by using clear water, finally placing in ethanol, cleaning by using ultrasonic waves for 30min, finally placing in a vacuum drying oven for heat preservation and drying, and weighing by adopting an electronic balance according to the designed components after the raw materials are completely dried;
the third step: putting a graphite crucible into a resistance furnace, preheating to 400 ℃, then putting an Al-20Si alloy, heating to 750 ℃, adding pure Al, Al-10Ti and Al-50Cu after the pure Al, Al-10Ti and Al-50Cu are melted, adding hexachloroethane accounting for 1 wt% of an as-cast cylindrical test bar, refining and degassing, keeping the temperature for 10 minutes to remove slag, adding Zn, Sn and Al-20Mg, stirring, heating to 750 ℃, adding Al-10Zr and Al-10Re, keeping the temperature for 10 minutes, uniformly stirring to enable molten metal to fully react, removing oxides on the surface of the molten metal, and casting the molten metal into a graphite mold preheated to 200 ℃ at 720 ℃ to obtain the as-cast cylindrical test bar with the diameter of 15 mm;
the fourth step: a WK-II type high-vacuum single-roller rotary quenching system is adopted, the vacuum degree is firstly pumped to 4.7Pa, an as-cast cylindrical test bar is arranged in a quartz tube and then is subjected to induction heating, when the as-cast cylindrical test bar is melted, 99.99 percent argon is blown on a red copper roller with smooth surface and high-speed rotation, the rotating speed of the red copper roller is 2130rpm, and quenching is carried out to obtain a foil strip, namely the aluminum alloy brazing filler metal.
The aluminum alloy brazing filler metal of example 1 was subjected to differential thermal analysis, and the analysis results are shown in fig. 2. Specific results are shown in table 1.
Comparative example 1
The difference from the example 1 is that the aluminum alloy solder is common Al-Si series solder, and the specific composition and the liquidus temperature and the solidus temperature are shown in the table 1.
Table 1 example 1 and comparative example 1 solder compositions, liquidus and solidus temperatures
The results in table 1 show that the aluminum alloy solder provided by the invention has lower liquidus temperature and solidus temperature, which indicates that the introduction of elements such as Zn, Sn and the like can effectively reduce the melting point of the aluminum alloy, can reduce the temperature of TLP welding, and can reduce the generation of oxide film.
Application example 1
Firstly, cleaning a sample: the diameters of two 5A02 aluminum alloy guide pipes to be welded are both 15mm, and the lengths of the two guide pipes are both 10 cm; cleaning a to-be-welded part of the 5A02 aluminum alloy catheter by using a sodium hydroxide solution with the mass concentration of 10% for 1min, cleaning by using a nitric acid solution with the mass concentration of 15% for 1min, wiping by using alcohol, wrapping by using a vacuum sample bag after the sample is treated, placing in a constant temperature sample box, drying and storing at the constant temperature of 25 ℃, preventing oxidation for a long time, and taking at any time. The surface of the aluminum alloy brazing filler metal of example 1 was sanded, wiped with alcohol, and dried for use at any time.
And secondly, assembling a sample: assembling the cleaned sample on a fixture, adding the aluminum alloy brazing filler metal in the embodiment 1 into the middle of a joint, then applying axial pressure to compress the sample, wherein the pressure is 2.3MPa, arranging the joint in an argon protective cover, circularly introducing argon to protect the joint, meanwhile, clamping a water-cooled copper block on two 5A02 aluminum alloy guide pipes, introducing cooling water to form a temperature gradient, and enabling the distance between the water-cooled copper block and a welding area to be 40 mm.
Thirdly, welding: a self-control split high-frequency induction heating source is adopted, the welding temperature is set to be 580 ℃, the heating rate is 10 ℃/min, the temperature is kept for 9min after the set welding temperature is reached, and high-purity argon is introduced for protection in the welding process. The aluminum alloy conduit TLP bond head obtained is shown in FIG. 3.
Application example 2
The difference from application example 1 is that welding was performed without applying a temperature gradient during welding.
Comparative application example 1
The difference from application example 2 was only in TLP welding using the brazing filler metal of comparative example 1.
And (3) testing the structure and the performance:
and performing SEM observation and tensile property test on the joint. The tensile property sample is manufactured according to the national standard HB-5145-: WDW-100, maximum test force 100kN, and stretching speed 0.5 mm/min. Specifically, fig. 4 is an SEM image of a 5a02 aluminum alloy TLP joint obtained in application example 1; FIG. 5 is an SEM image of a 5A02 aluminum alloy TLP joint obtained in comparative application example 1; FIG. 6 is an SEM image of a TLP joint made of 5A02 aluminum alloy obtained in application example 2. As can be seen from fig. 4 and 5, when a general Al — Si based solder is used, the micro-morphology defects of the resulting joint are significant, a macroscopic unwelded gap appears, and the weld is a horizontal interface; when the aluminum alloy brazing filler metal is used, no unwelded gap is formed, the weld joint is well formed, and Al is formed2A strengthening phase such as Cu, and the like, and a temperature gradient is applied to change the connection interface from a linear shape to a dendritic or sinusoidal shape. As can be seen from fig. 6, when no temperature gradient is applied during the welding process, the weld joint interface is a horizontal interface, and although some holes are present, the defects are relatively reduced compared with fig. 5, and the weld joint bonding degree is relatively better than that in fig. 5, which indicates that better structure performance can be obtained when TLP welding is performed by using the aluminum alloy brazing filler metal of the present invention.
The tensile property results show that the tensile strength of the 5A02 aluminum alloy TLP joint obtained in application example 1 is 91.4MPa, which is 82% of that of the parent material, while the tensile strength of the 5A02 aluminum alloy TLP joint obtained in comparative application example 1 is 47.9MPa, which is 43% of that of the parent material, and the tensile strength of the 5A02 aluminum alloy TLP joint obtained in application example 2 is 58.6MPa, which is 65% of that of the parent material.
From the above examples and comparative examples, it can be seen that the aluminum alloy brazing filler metal of the invention is used for TLP welding of 5A02 aluminum alloy conduits, so that the problem that high-melting-point oxide films of the aluminum alloy conduits are difficult to remove in TLP welding is solved, and the quality of welded joints is improved.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The aluminum alloy brazing filler metal is characterized by comprising the following elements in percentage by mass: si: 10-14%, Cu: 4-9%, Mg: 1-2%, Zn: 10-15%, Sn: 6-7%, Ti: 0.05 to 0.08%, Zr: 0.15-0.2%, RE: 0.05-0.08% and the balance of Al.
2. The aluminum alloy filler metal of claim 1, wherein the RE comprises one or more of Se, Y, and La.
3. A method for producing an aluminum alloy filler metal as set forth in claim 1 or 2, comprising the steps of:
corresponding to the composition of the aluminum alloy brazing filler metal of claim 1 or 2, the preparation raw materials are smelted and cast to obtain an ingot;
and performing melt rapid quenching on the cast ingot to obtain the aluminum alloy brazing filler metal.
4. A TLP welding method of a 5A02 aluminum alloy pipe comprises the following steps:
fixing the 5A02 aluminum alloy guide pipe to be welded on a clamp, adding aluminum alloy brazing filler metal between the welding heads, applying axial pressure to the 5A02 aluminum alloy guide pipe to be welded to compress the aluminum alloy brazing filler metal, and performing TLP welding in a protective atmosphere; the temperature of the TLP welding is 572-588 ℃;
the aluminum alloy solder is the aluminum alloy solder of claim 1 or 2 or the aluminum alloy solder prepared by the preparation method of claim 3.
5. The TLP bonding method of claim 4, further comprising, before the TLP bonding, installing a water-cooled copper block on the 5a02 aluminum alloy conduit to be bonded and passing cooling water through the water-cooled copper block.
6. The TLP bonding method of claim 5, wherein the distance between the water-cooled copper block and the joint to be bonded is 35-45 mm.
7. The TLP bonding method of claim 4, wherein said TLP bonding temperature is maintained for 9-10 min.
8. The TLP bonding method of claim 4, wherein said axial pressure is 2.0-2.5 MPa.
9. The TLP bonding method of claim 4, wherein the gas providing the protective atmosphere is an inert gas.
10. The TLP welding method of claim 4, wherein said TLP weld is heated using a self-controlled split high frequency induction heating source.
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