CN113894292B - Powder feeding device and method for broadband laser cladding additive manufacturing - Google Patents
Powder feeding device and method for broadband laser cladding additive manufacturing Download PDFInfo
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- CN113894292B CN113894292B CN202111166078.7A CN202111166078A CN113894292B CN 113894292 B CN113894292 B CN 113894292B CN 202111166078 A CN202111166078 A CN 202111166078A CN 113894292 B CN113894292 B CN 113894292B
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- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 335
- 238000004372 laser cladding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 72
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 11
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 11
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 5
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 3
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003750 conditioning effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000010146 3D printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HZEWFHLRYVTOIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Ti].[Ni] Chemical compound [Ti].[Ni] HZEWFHLRYVTOIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012159 carrier gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
- B22F10/28—Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
- B22F12/50—Means for feeding of material, e.g. heads
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Laser Beam Processing (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of laser additive manufacturing, and provides a powder feeding device and a powder feeding method for broadband laser cladding additive manufacturing. The pressure relief device comprises a primary pressure relief mechanism and a secondary pressure relief mechanism which are arranged in a cascading manner, wherein the primary pressure relief mechanism is used for relieving pressure of powder flowing out of the first powder outlet, and the secondary pressure relief mechanism is arranged at the tail end of the primary pressure relief mechanism and is used for performing secondary pressure relief on the powder subjected to pressure relief of the primary pressure relief mechanism. Therefore, the problems of poor uniformity during laser cladding, poor flatness after cladding and large machining allowance caused by uneven and uneven powder feeding of preset powder in the lateral direction of laser broadband cladding at present are solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of laser additive manufacturing, in particular to a powder feeding technology used for broadband laser cladding additive manufacturing, and specifically relates to a powder feeding device and method for broadband laser cladding additive manufacturing, aiming at carrying out multistage pressure relief treatment on powder in the powder feeding process so that the powder can nearly freely fall onto the surface of a substrate.
Background
The laser additive manufacturing technology is an advanced manufacturing technology and is widely applied to production processes such as 3D printing and remanufacturing. In the occasion of repairing large-scale workpieces, such as large-scale shaft part surfaces, large-area plane laser cladding and the like, rectangular laser spots are utilized for broadband cladding, so that cladding efficiency can be greatly improved, and meanwhile, the quality of a cladding layer is also improved due to the reduction of lap joint times.
The powder feeding mode in the laser broadband cladding process can be divided into a preset mode and a synchronous mode, wherein the preset powder feeding mode is to adopt gravity powder feeding, the powder is tiled on the surface of a base material in advance, and then the laser irradiation is utilized to melt the cladding layer material and the base material, so that metallurgical bonding is realized. At present, the gravity side direction powder feeding preset powder is adopted in the preset powder feeding mode, and the powder feeding barrel is adopted to feed powder by carrying out carrier gas through the powder feeding pipe and the powder feeding nozzle, so that the middle of the powder channel bulges, the tiling effect is poor, the cladding effect is poor, the later machining allowance of a printed part is large, the machining period is long, and more waste is caused.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a powder feeding device and method for broadband laser cladding additive manufacturing, and aims to solve the problems of poor uniformity during laser cladding, poor flatness after cladding and large machining allowance caused by uneven and uneven powder feeding of preset powder in the lateral direction of the conventional laser broadband cladding.
According to a first aspect of the present invention, a powder feeding device for broadband laser cladding additive manufacturing is provided, comprising:
powder feeding barrel;
a wide-band powder feeding nozzle provided with a first powder feeding groove for receiving powder from a powder feeding barrel; the broadband powder feeding nozzle conveys powder towards the surface of the substrate through a first powder feeding groove, and a first powder outlet is formed at the tail end of the first powder feeding groove;
the pressure relief device is arranged below the first powder outlet of the broadband powder feeding nozzle at a certain angle with the broadband powder feeding nozzle and is used for relieving pressure of powder flowing out of the first powder outlet.
Preferably, the pressure relief device is located between the broadband powder delivery nozzle and the substrate surface in the direction of the powder delivery flow path.
Preferably, the pressure relief device comprises a first-stage pressure relief mechanism and a second-stage pressure relief mechanism which are arranged in a cascading manner, wherein the first-stage pressure relief mechanism is used for relieving pressure of powder flowing out of the first powder outlet, and the second-stage pressure relief mechanism is arranged at the tail end of the first-stage pressure relief mechanism and is used for performing secondary pressure relief on the powder subjected to pressure relief of the first-stage pressure relief mechanism.
Preferably, the angle between the pressure relief device and the broadband powder delivery nozzle is adjustable.
Preferably, the primary pressure relief mechanism comprises a base and an adjusting block, wherein the base is provided with a second powder feeding groove, and the adjusting block is positioned at the starting position of the second powder feeding groove and provided with an inclined plane facing the first powder feeding opening of the first powder feeding groove; the second-stage pressure relief mechanism is arranged at the tail end of the second powder feeding groove.
Preferably, the secondary pressure relief mechanism comprises a U-shaped adjusting block, two side edges of the U-shaped adjusting block are fixed with two sides of the second powder feeding groove, and the bottom edge of the U-shaped adjusting block is spaced from the second powder feeding groove by a certain distance, so that a second powder outlet is formed at the tail end of the second powder feeding groove.
Preferably, the second powder outlet is provided toward the surface of the substrate such that the powder flowing out of the second powder outlet freely falls down to the surface of the substrate.
Preferably, the width of the second powder outlet is the same as the width of the second powder feeding groove.
Preferably, the base is of an L-shaped structure as a whole, and is provided with a bottom part forming the second powder feeding groove and a pair of side edges, and the starting position of the base is mounted to the wide-band powder feeding nozzle through a pivot structure.
Preferably, the pair of side edges are respectively provided with a waist-shaped hole, and the adjusting block is installed in the waist-shaped hole through a pivot structure.
Preferably, the adjustment block is arranged to be height-adjustable and/or angle-adjustable within the kidney-shaped aperture.
Preferably, the adjusting block is arranged to be adjusted in height, so that the gap between the inclined surface of the adjusting block and the first powder outlet is 0.5-5 mm.
Preferably, the adjusting block is arranged to adjust the relative angle between the inclined plane of the adjusting block and the first powder feeding groove through angle adjustment, and the adjusting range is 90-135 degrees.
Preferably, the inclined plane of the adjusting block is always opposite to the first powder outlet in the process of being adjusted by the angle.
According to a second aspect of the present invention, a method for controlling powder feeding in broadband cladding of a laser is provided, comprising:
adjusting the primary pressure relief mechanism to adjust its powder delivery capacity, comprising:
the height of the regulating block is regulated according to the powder feeding amount so as to regulate the gap between the bottom of the regulating block and the second powder feeding groove; and/or;
and adjusting the included angle between the inclined plane of the adjusting block and the first powder feeding groove according to the height difference between the powder feeding barrel and the wide-band powder feeding nozzle.
Preferably, the relative angle adjustment range of the inclined plane of the adjusting block of the primary pressure relief mechanism and the first powder feeding groove is 90-135 degrees.
Compared with the prior art, the laser broadband cladding powder feeding device and the control method thereof have the remarkable beneficial effects that:
1) The invention designs a cascade multistage pressure relief device, and after passing through a primary regulating mechanism, part of powder flow velocity becomes slow, and part of powder can directly fall freely through a second powder outlet and is tiled on a base material; after passing through the first-stage pressure relief mechanism, the powder with high flow speed is impacted to the second-stage pressure relief mechanism to unload force after passing through the first powder outlet, and then the powder falls down freely at the second powder outlet to uniformly spread the surface of the base material; therefore, by the cascade multistage pressure relief mechanism, the basic powder power is ensured to be basically removed, so that the powder is evenly paved on the surface of the base material in an approximately free falling manner, the powder is evenly paved, the upper surface of a powder channel is flat, the upper and lower width dimensions are very close to each other, and the broadband laser cladding (rectangular light spot processing) is facilitated;
2) As the powder is evenly spread and leveled, the rectangular light spot energy is evenly applied to the approximately rectangular powder channel during cladding in the system during cladding processing, and the powder in the molten pool is even, so that the cladding tissue and performance are even, the overlapping amount of cladding is reduced, and the efficiency is improved; the height difference of the lap joint of the cladding layers is reduced, the surface flatness is better, the powder use cost is reduced, the machining allowance is reduced, the production and processing efficiency is improved, and the cost is saved;
3) The powder feeding capacity of the primary pressure relief mechanism can be adjusted according to the powder feeding amount, the height difference between the powder feeding barrel and the wide-band powder feeding nozzle, for example, the gap between the primary pressure relief mechanism and the bottom of the powder feeding groove can be adjusted up and down by 0.5-5 mm according to the quantity of the powder feeding, and the powder can be uniformly distributed; or the regulating block of the primary pressure relief device can rotate, the pressure relief capacity can be controlled by changing the angle, and the flow rate of the powder passing through the primary pressure relief regulating device is regulated.
It should be understood that all combinations of the foregoing concepts, as well as additional concepts described in more detail below, may be considered a part of the inventive subject matter of the present disclosure as long as such concepts are not mutually inconsistent. In addition, all combinations of claimed subject matter are considered part of the disclosed inventive subject matter.
The foregoing and other aspects, embodiments, and features of the present teachings will be more fully understood from the following description, taken together with the accompanying drawings. Other additional aspects of the invention, such as features and/or advantages of the exemplary embodiments, will be apparent from the description which follows, or may be learned by practice of the embodiments according to the teachings of the invention.
Drawings
The drawings are not intended to be drawn to scale. In the drawings, each identical or nearly identical component that is illustrated in various figures may be represented by a like numeral. For purposes of clarity, not every component may be labeled in every drawing. Embodiments of various aspects of the invention will now be described, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a powder feeder for broadband laser cladding additive manufacturing according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a powder delivery device for broadband laser cladding additive manufacturing according to an example embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a pressure relief device of a powder feeder for broadband laser cladding additive manufacturing according to an example embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a pressure relief device of a powder delivery device for broadband laser cladding additive manufacturing in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a perspective view of a pressure relief device of a powder delivery device for broadband laser cladding additive manufacturing in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a top view of a pressure relief device for a powder delivery device for broadband laser cladding additive manufacturing in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of a conditioning block and conditioning process thereof for a powder feeder for broadband laser cladding additive manufacturing in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a primary pressure relief mechanism and its adjustment process for a powder feeder for broadband laser cladding additive manufacturing in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
For a better understanding of the technical content of the present invention, specific examples are set forth below, along with the accompanying drawings.
Aspects of the invention are described in this disclosure with reference to the drawings, in which are shown a number of illustrative embodiments. The embodiments of the present disclosure are not necessarily intended to include all aspects of the invention. It should be understood that the various concepts and embodiments described above, as well as those described in more detail below, may be implemented in any of a number of ways, as the disclosed concepts and embodiments are not limited to any implementation. Additionally, some aspects of the disclosure may be used alone or in any suitable combination with other aspects of the disclosure.
Powder feeding device for broadband laser cladding additive manufacturing
The powder feeding device for broadband laser cladding additive manufacturing in combination with the exemplary embodiment shown in fig. 1 is intended for powder feeding treatment in a laser broadband cladding process, in particular gravity lateral powder feeding.
The powder feeding device for broadband laser cladding additive manufacturing, which is illustrated in connection with fig. 1-8, includes a powder feeding barrel 10, a powder divider 20, and a broadband powder feeding nozzle 30.
The powder feeding barrel 10 is connected with the powder divider 20 through a first powder feeding pipe 11A.
The powder divider 20 is connected with the broadband powder feeding nozzle 30 through a second powder feeding pipe 11B. As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the angle of the wide-band powder feeding nozzle 30 can be freely adjusted and is between 0 and 90 degrees with the horizontal plane.
Thus, the powder in the powder feeding barrel 10 is fed to the powder divider 20 through the first powder feeding pipe 11A, divided into two paths, and fed into the wide-band powder feeding nozzle 30 through the second powder feeding pipe 11B, respectively. As shown in fig. 1, 2 and 3, the wide-band powder feeding nozzle 30 is provided with 2 through holes 33, which are respectively butted with the second powder feeding pipes 11B to receive powder.
It should be appreciated that the first powder feed tube 11A and the second powder feed tube 11B may be of the same design, which is intended to provide a channel for powder transport.
A wide band powder delivery nozzle 30 for delivering powder toward the surface of the substrate to be subjected to the cladding process. The wide-band powder feeding nozzle 30, particularly, a powder feeding mechanism having a powder feeding groove with a certain width inside, is defined as a first powder feeding groove 35 in the wide-band powder feeding nozzle 30 in the embodiment of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 2 and 4, the wide band powder feeding nozzle 30 has a bottom portion 31 and a lid portion 32. The through hole 33 is formed in the cover 32. The first powder feeding groove 35 is formed on the surface of the bottom 31 facing the cover part, and covers the bottom 31 through the cover part 32, so as to form the sealing and protection of the first powder feeding groove 35.
Referring to fig. 4, the inlet of the first powder feeding groove 35 communicates with the through hole 33. The first powder feeding groove 35 is provided with a powder outlet 36 so that the powder fed from the powder feeding barrel 10 flows out through the powder outlet 36 of the first powder feeding groove 35 and is fed to the surface of the substrate 100.
As shown in fig. 1, the substrate 100 is a bearing.
In connection with the illustration, a pressure relief device 40 is also provided below the broadband powder delivery nozzle 30, the pressure relief device 40 being disposed at an angle to the broadband powder delivery nozzle 30 and being mounted at a position below the first powder outlet 36 of the broadband powder delivery nozzle 30 for pressure relief treatment of the powder flowing out of the first powder outlet 36.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the pressure relief device 40 is located between the broadband powder delivery nozzle 30 and the substrate surface 100.
Pressure relief device 40
The pressure relief device 40 is generally L-shaped with one end connected to the broadband powder delivery nozzle 30. In alternative embodiments, the pressure relief device 40 is rotatably mounted to the wide-band delivery nozzle 30, for example, the pressure relief device 40 may be rotated relative to the wide-band delivery nozzle 30 to vary the angular relationship therebetween.
In some embodiments, the angle of pressure relief device 40 to broadband powder delivery nozzle 30 may be adjusted to control and adjust the pressure relief capability based on the powder type of the powder delivery and/or the height differential between powder delivery nozzle 10 and broadband powder delivery nozzle 30.
In an alternative embodiment, after the included angle between the pressure relief device 40 and the broadband powder feeding nozzle 30 is adjusted, the position of the included angle between the pressure relief device 40 and the broadband powder feeding nozzle can be fixed by means of an adjusting screw or the like.
The implementation of the pressure relief device and the pressure relief process is described in more detail below in connection with fig. 3-6.
As shown in fig. 3, the pressure relief device 40 includes a primary pressure relief mechanism and a secondary pressure relief mechanism, which are disposed in cascade, wherein the primary pressure relief mechanism is used for releasing pressure of the powder flowing out of the first powder outlet 36, and the secondary pressure relief mechanism is disposed at the end of the primary pressure relief mechanism and is used for secondarily releasing pressure of the powder after the pressure relief of the primary pressure relief mechanism.
Therefore, as shown in fig. 1, 2 and 3, after passing through the first-stage pressure relief mechanism, part of powder flow velocity becomes slow, and part of powder can directly and freely fall down at a powder outlet and be flatly paved on a base material; after passing through the primary pressure relief mechanism, the powder with high flow speed is impacted to the secondary pressure relief mechanism to unload force after passing through the powder outlet, and then falls off in a nearly free falling manner at the powder outlet and is evenly paved on the surface of the base material; therefore, by the cascade multistage pressure relief mechanism, the power of the powder is basically removed, the powder is evenly paved on the surface of the base material in an approximately free falling manner, the powder is evenly paved, the upper surface of a powder channel is flat, the upper and lower width dimensions are very close to each other, and the broadband laser cladding is facilitated.
Referring to the example of the pressure relief device 40 of the embodiment shown in fig. 3 to 6, the primary pressure relief mechanism includes a base 41 and an adjusting block 43, the base 41 is formed with a second powder feeding groove 46, and the adjusting block 43 is located at the starting position of the second powder feeding groove 46 and has a slope facing the first powder feeding port 36 of the first powder feeding groove 35; the secondary pressure relief mechanism is disposed at the end position of the second powder feeding groove 46.
In connection with the illustration, the base 41 has an overall L-shaped structure having a bottom 41A and a pair of sides 41B forming a second powder feeding groove 46, and the starting position of the base 1 is mounted to the wide-band powder feeding nozzle 30 by a pivot structure. As shown in fig. 3 and 4, a pair of side edges 41B are provided with mounting holes 42, and the base 41 of the primary pressure relief mechanism is pivoted to the lower side of the bottom 31 of the wide-band powder feeding nozzle 30.
As shown in fig. 3 and 4, alternatively, the bottom 31 of the wide-band powder feeding nozzle 30 is provided with a central shaft, and is assembled with the mounting hole 42 of the base 41 in a rotatable fit, and can be fixed by fastening means such as screws after the angular relationship between the two is determined.
As shown in fig. 3 and 7, the secondary pressure relief mechanism is mounted at the end of the primary pressure relief mechanism, so that the primary pressure relief mechanism and the secondary pressure relief mechanism are combined into a whole, and the whole pressure relief device and the secondary pressure relief mechanism are synchronously adjusted when the angular relationship between the primary pressure relief mechanism and the wide-band powder feeding nozzle 30 is adjusted. In the embodiment of the invention, the middle shaft arranged at the bottom 31 of the broadband powder feeding nozzle is matched with the mounting hole 42 of the substrate 41 to perform angle adjustment, and the angle adjustment range can be selected to be 110-135 degrees.
In other embodiments, the pivot structure between the bottom 31 of the broadband powder feeding nozzle and the base 41 may be the opposite design, that is, the hole position of the bottom 31 of the broadband powder feeding nozzle is provided, and the base 41 is provided with a central shaft, which are matched.
As shown in fig. 3 to 5, a pair of side edges 41B of the base 41 are respectively provided with a waist-shaped hole 45, the adjusting block 43 is mounted in the waist-shaped hole 45 through a pivot structure, for example, two sides of the adjusting block 43 are provided with center shafts respectively fitted to the waist-shaped holes 45, and in combination with fig. 8, the height and/or angle adjustment of the adjusting block 43 can be realized within the range defined by the waist-shaped holes 45, and after the adjustment is completed, the adjusting block 43 can be fixedly connected through a screw.
For example, the adjusting block 43 is configured to be capable of performing height adjustment and/or angle adjustment in the waist-shaped hole 45, and the adjusting block 43 is configured to adjust the powder passing capability thereof by height adjustment, so that the gap between the inclined surface of the adjusting block 43 and the first powder outlet 36 is 0.5 mm-5 mm.
Wherein the adjusting block 43 is arranged to adjust the relative angle of the inclined surface of the adjusting block 43 and the first powder feeding groove 35 by angle adjustment.
As shown in fig. 7, wherein the first powder feeding groove 35 defines a plane along the powder feeding direction (as shown by the broken line in fig. 7), is angled with respect to the inclined surface layer of the regulating block. And, in the process of being adjusted by angle, the inclined plane of the adjusting block 43 is always opposite to the first powder outlet 36, so as to ensure that the powder (with higher speed) flowing out from the first powder outlet 36 will be relieved through the inclined plane.
Referring to fig. 3-6, the secondary pressure relief mechanism includes a U-shaped adjusting block 50, two sides of the U-shaped adjusting block 50 are fixed to two sides of the second powder feeding groove 46, and a bottom edge of the U-shaped adjusting block 50 is spaced from the second powder feeding groove 46 by a certain distance, so that a second powder outlet 48 is formed at an end of the second powder feeding groove 46.
The second powder outlet 48 is provided toward the substrate surface so that the powder flowing out from the second powder outlet 48 freely falls down to the substrate surface. The width of the second powder outlet 48 is the same as the width of the second powder feeding groove 46, and the width is 1 mm-4 mm.
As described above, after passing through the first-stage pressure relief mechanism, part of the powder flow velocity becomes slow, and the powder can directly fall freely at the powder outlet and be flatly paved on the substrate; after passing through the primary pressure relief mechanism, the powder with high flow speed is impacted to the secondary pressure relief mechanism to unload force after passing through the powder outlet, and then falls off in a nearly free falling manner at the powder outlet and is evenly paved on the surface of the base material; therefore, the multistage pressure relief mechanism ensures the basic removal of the powder power, so that the powder is evenly spread on the surface of the base material in an approximately free-falling manner, and the powder is evenly spread.
Laser broadband cladding powder feeding control method
The powder feeding control method for laser broadband cladding according to the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps:
adjusting the primary pressure relief mechanism to adjust its powder delivery capacity, comprising:
the height of the adjusting block 43 is adjusted according to the powder feeding amount to adjust the gap between the bottom of the adjusting block 43 and the second powder feeding groove 46; and/or
According to the type of the height difference between the powder feeding barrel 10 and the broadband powder feeding nozzle 30, the included angle between the primary pressure relief mechanism and the broadband powder feeding nozzle 30 is adjusted and regulated.
Wherein, the adjusting range of the included angle between the primary pressure relief mechanism and the broadband powder feeding nozzle 30 is 90-135 degrees.
As an alternative embodiment, in the powder spreading control process of the laser broadband cladding process, the gap distance h between the adjusting block 43 of the primary pressure relief mechanism and the bottom of the second powder feeding groove 46 is kept between 0.5 and 5mm; the adjustment of the gap can be achieved by up-and-down adjustment of the adjustment block 43 of the primary pressure relief mechanism. For example, in the foregoing embodiment, the adjusting block is fitted into the waist-shaped hole 45 through the center shafts on both sides thereof by adjusting up and down in the waist-shaped hole 45, and is fixedly connected using the adjusting screw after being adjusted in place, thus achieving the gap adjustment, adjusting the powder feeding capability thereof.
In an alternative embodiment, the edges of the waist-shaped hole are provided with graduation marks along the waist line direction, for example, a plurality of graduation marks in the range of 0-5 mm, so as to represent the adjusted upper and lower heights, thereby being beneficial to rapid adjustment according to the preset quantity.
In other embodiments, the height of the adjusting block may be adjusted by other structural designs, so that the gap distance between the adjusting block 43 and the bottom of the second powder feeding groove 46 can be adjusted and controlled to achieve the pressure relief capability and the powder feeding capability.
For example, for powders with a median particle size of 50-200um, including but not limited to iron-based powders, titanium alloy powders, nickel-based powders, titanium-nickel powders, stainless steel powders, alloy powders, when the powder feeding amount is 20g/min, the aforementioned gap distance h is usually controlled to be about 1mm, whereby the center of the adjusting screw can be adjusted to 1mm scale and tightened. If the powder feeding amount is 60g/min, the gap distance h needs to be controlled and adjusted to be increased, for example, controlled to be 2-3mm, the center of the adjusting screw is adjusted to be 2-3mm in scale and is screwed tightly and fixed, and the adjusting screw is pushed in the same way.
Because the distance between the regulating block of the first-stage pressure relief device and the bottom of the second powder feeding groove can influence powder feeding and powder passing, the distance is too small, the powder feeding amount is large, and the powder blocking is caused although the pressure relief effect is achieved; if the distance is too large and the powder feeding amount is small, the primary pressure relief device is difficult to achieve a substantial pressure relief effect.
Therefore, the gap distance was controlled to be 0.5 to 5mm based on a plurality of tests.
When the adjustment is needed, the gap distance h is adjusted according to the powder feeding amount. It should be understood that when the amount of powder feeding increases, the aforementioned gap distance h should be adjusted to be increased to improve the powder feeding and powder passing capability while releasing pressure, preventing clogging.
In an alternative embodiment, the adjusting block 43 of the primary pressure relief mechanism is configured to be rotatably adjustable, i.e., to adjust the angular relationship of the inclined surface of the adjusting block 32 relative to the first powder chute (35), thereby controlling and adjusting the pressure relief capability. In the embodiment of the invention, the angle theta of the inclined surface of the regulating block 32 relative to the first powder feeding groove (35) is controlled to be between 90 and 135 degrees.
For example, the central shafts provided at both sides of the adjustment block 43 are respectively engaged with the waist-shaped holes 45 on the base 41 and fixed by the connection screws. When the angle relation needs to be adjusted, the connecting screw is released, so that the rotary motion can be performed, and the connecting screw is fixed after the rotary motion is rotated to a certain angle. It should be appreciated that the attachment screw used to secure the adjustment block may be implemented using the same screw design as the previously described adjustment screw.
In some embodiments, the edge of the waist-shaped hole 45 may be further provided with an angle scale, for example, a plurality of angle scale marks in the range of 0 ° to 360 ° to represent the adjusted angle relationship, so as to facilitate rapid angle adjustment according to a preset amount.
In some embodiments, the aforementioned angle θ may be adjusted according to a height difference between the powder feeding bucket 10 and the broadband powder feeding nozzle 30. The larger the difference in height between the powder feeding bucket 10 and the wide-band powder feeding nozzle 30, the larger the aforementioned angle θ is required, using the same kind of powder. For example, the height difference between the powder feeding barrel 10 and the wide-band powder feeding nozzle 30 is within 1m, and the aforementioned angle θ can be adjusted to 90 °. When the height difference between the powder feeding bucket 10 and the wide-band powder feeding nozzle 30 reaches or exceeds 1m, the aforementioned angle θ needs to be adjusted to 100 °. When the difference in height between the powder feeding bucket 10 and the broadband powder feeding nozzle 30 reaches or exceeds 1.5m, the aforementioned angle θ needs to be adjusted to 120 °, and so on.
In some embodiments, the aforementioned angle θ may also be adjusted depending on the powder used. It will be appreciated that the better the sphericity of the powder used, the greater the angle θ for the same height difference. For example, for a relatively good sphericity, it may be chosen to be between 110 and 120, and for a relatively slightly worse sphericity, it may be chosen to be used at 90.
According to the laser broadband cladding powder feeding control method provided by the invention, iron-based powder is added into a powder feeding barrel, a powder feeding device for broadband laser cladding additive manufacturing is powered on by a power supply, powder is preset on the surface of a bearing (substrate) with the diameter of 200mm and the length of 500mm, the powder is uniformly and flatly spread, a laser broadband cladding system with the light spot of 28mm and 3mm is adopted for carrying out laser cladding, the surface of a cladding layer is uniformly and flatly formed, the height difference between the highest point and the lowest point is only 0.15mm, namely, a more ideal coating structure can be obtained for use after machining 0.15 mm.
While the invention has been described with reference to preferred embodiments, it is not intended to be limiting. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that various modifications and adaptations can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Accordingly, the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims.
Claims (8)
1. A send powder device for broadband laser cladding additive manufacturing, characterized by comprising:
a powder feeding barrel (10);
a wide-band powder feeding nozzle (30) provided with a first powder feeding groove (35) for receiving powder from the powder feeding barrel (10); the broadband powder feeding nozzle (30) conveys powder towards the surface of a substrate through a first powder feeding groove (35), and a first powder outlet (36) is formed at the tail end of the first powder feeding groove (35);
a pressure relief device (40) which is installed below the first powder outlet (36) of the broadband powder feeding nozzle (30) at an angle with the broadband powder feeding nozzle (30) and is used for relieving pressure of the powder flowing out from the first powder outlet (36);
the pressure relief device (40) comprises a primary pressure relief mechanism and a secondary pressure relief mechanism which are arranged in a cascading manner, wherein the primary pressure relief mechanism is used for relieving pressure of powder flowing out of the first powder outlet (36), and the secondary pressure relief mechanism is arranged at the tail end of the primary pressure relief mechanism and is used for performing secondary pressure relief on the powder subjected to pressure relief of the primary pressure relief mechanism;
the primary pressure relief mechanism comprises a base (41) and an adjusting block (43), wherein the base (41) is provided with a second powder feeding groove (46), the adjusting block (43) is positioned at the starting position of the second powder feeding groove (46) and provided with an inclined surface facing the first powder feeding opening (36), and the adjusting block (43) is arranged to be capable of performing height adjustment and/or angle adjustment;
the secondary pressure relief mechanism is arranged at the tail end of the second powder feeding groove (46), the secondary pressure relief mechanism comprises a U-shaped regulating block (50), two side edges of the U-shaped regulating block (50) are fixed with two sides of the second powder feeding groove (46), and the bottom edge of the U-shaped regulating block (50) is separated from the second powder feeding groove (46) by a certain distance, so that a second powder outlet (48) is formed at the tail end of the second powder feeding groove (46);
wherein, through adjusting one-level release mechanism to adjust its powder feeding ability, include:
the height of the regulating block (43) is regulated according to the powder feeding amount, so that the gap distance between the bottom of the regulating block (43) of the primary pressure relief mechanism and the second powder feeding groove (46) is regulated, and the gap distance between the inclined surface of the regulating block (43) and the first powder outlet (36) is 0.5 mm-5 mm; and/or
According to the height difference between the powder feeding barrel (10) and the wide-band powder feeding nozzle (30), the included angle between the inclined plane of the adjusting block (43) of the primary pressure relief mechanism and the wide-band powder feeding nozzle (30) is adjusted;
wherein, the adjusting range of the included angle between the adjusting block (43) of the primary pressure relief mechanism and the broadband powder feeding nozzle (30) is 90-135 degrees;
the base (41) is of an L-shaped structure as a whole, and is provided with a bottom (41A) and a pair of sides (41B) which form the second powder feeding groove (46), and the starting position of the base (1) is mounted on the wide-band powder feeding nozzle (30) through a pivot structure.
2. Powder delivery device for broadband laser cladding additive manufacturing according to claim 1, wherein the pressure relief device (40) is located between the broadband powder delivery nozzle (30) and the substrate surface in the powder delivery flow path direction.
3. The powder feeding device for broadband laser cladding additive manufacturing according to claim 1, wherein an angle between the pressure relief device (40) and the broadband powder feeding nozzle (30) is adjustable.
4. Powder feeding device for broadband laser cladding additive manufacturing according to claim 1, wherein the second powder outlet (48) is arranged towards the substrate surface such that powder flowing out of the second powder outlet (48) falls freely to the substrate surface.
5. The powder feeding device for broadband laser cladding additive manufacturing according to claim 4, wherein the width of the second powder outlet (48) is the same as the width of the second powder feeding groove (46).
6. The powder feeding device for broadband laser cladding additive manufacturing according to claim 1, wherein the pair of sides are respectively provided with a waist-shaped hole (45), the adjusting block (43) is installed in the waist-shaped hole (45) through a pivot structure, and the edge of the waist-shaped hole (45) is provided with scale marks.
7. Powder feeder for broadband laser cladding additive manufacturing according to claim 6, wherein the adjustment block (43) is arranged to be height-adjustable and/or angle-adjustable within the range defined by the waist-shaped aperture (45).
8. The laser broadband cladding powder feeding control method of the device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, comprising:
adjusting the primary pressure relief mechanism to adjust its powder delivery capacity, comprising:
the height of the regulating block (43) is regulated according to the powder feeding amount, so that the gap distance between the bottom of the regulating block (43) of the primary pressure relief mechanism and the second powder feeding groove (46) is regulated, and the gap distance between the inclined surface of the regulating block (43) and the first powder outlet (36) is 0.5 mm-5 mm; and/or
According to the height difference between the powder feeding barrel (10) and the wide-band powder feeding nozzle (30), the included angle between the inclined plane of the adjusting block (43) of the primary pressure relief mechanism and the wide-band powder feeding nozzle (30) is adjusted;
wherein, the adjusting range of the included angle between the adjusting block (43) of the primary pressure relief mechanism and the broadband powder feeding nozzle (30) is 90-135 degrees.
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| CN114561637B (en) * | 2022-01-21 | 2023-05-02 | 北京航空航天大学 | Laser cladding method and device for surface modification of shaft parts |
| CN114892162A (en) * | 2022-05-09 | 2022-08-12 | 南京中科煜宸激光技术有限公司 | Powder feeding nozzle for broadband laser cladding processing |
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