CN113893879B - Heteropoly acid catalyst and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents

Heteropoly acid catalyst and preparation method and application thereof Download PDF

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CN113893879B
CN113893879B CN202111300566.2A CN202111300566A CN113893879B CN 113893879 B CN113893879 B CN 113893879B CN 202111300566 A CN202111300566 A CN 202111300566A CN 113893879 B CN113893879 B CN 113893879B
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acid
heteropoly acid
alcohol
catalyst
keggin
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CN113893879A (en
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侯俊琦
王际东
孙彪
高步良
朱淑军
谭永放
程玉春
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Shandong Qilu Keli Chemical Research Institute Co ltd
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Zibo Xianglizhi Hi Tech Material Co ltd
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J27/00Catalysts comprising the elements or compounds of halogens, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus or nitrogen; Catalysts comprising carbon compounds
    • B01J27/14Phosphorus; Compounds thereof
    • B01J27/186Phosphorus; Compounds thereof with arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
    • B01J27/188Phosphorus; Compounds thereof with arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium with chromium, molybdenum, tungsten or polonium
    • B01J27/19Molybdenum
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07CACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C51/00Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides
    • C07C51/16Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides by oxidation
    • C07C51/21Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides by oxidation with molecular oxygen
    • C07C51/23Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides by oxidation with molecular oxygen of oxygen-containing groups to carboxyl groups
    • C07C51/235Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides by oxidation with molecular oxygen of oxygen-containing groups to carboxyl groups of —CHO groups or primary alcohol groups

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Abstract

Provides a Keggin structure heteropoly acid or heteropoly acid salt catalyst applied to a process for preparing methacrylic acid by oxidizing methacrolein and a preparation method thereof. Wherein the catalyst is synthesized in an alcohol-water azeotrope, and Na in the catalyst 2 The O content is not higher than 10ppm. The catalyst is used for the oxidation reaction of the methacrolein, can obviously improve the catalytic performance, greatly improves the conversion activity of the methacrolein to more than 92%, and keeps the selectivity of the methacrylic acid to more than 90%.

Description

Heteropoly acid catalyst and preparation method and application thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of industrial catalysts; in particular to a heteropoly acid or heteropoly acid salt catalyst with a Keggin structure applied to a process for preparing methacrylic acid by oxidizing methacrolein and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Methyl methacrylate is an organic compound, also called MMA, which is an important chemical raw material and is a monomer for producing transparent plastic polymethyl methacrylate (organic glass, PMMA). Methyl methacrylate is used primarily for the production of organic glass casting, extruded sheets and molding compounds, followed by surface coatings. In recent years, the world information industry has been developing at a high speed, and computers and flat panel televisions have been increasingly adopting Liquid Crystal Displays (LCDs) instead of conventional Cathode Ray Tube (CRT) displays, so that the consumption of LCDs has been continuously increasing. In addition, the demands of PVC impact modifiers ACR and MBS, billboard articles, automobile parts, artificial marble and the like in the asia-pacific area are rapidly increased, so that the demands of MMA and PMMA are driven, and the MMA and PMMA become investment hotspots in the asia-pacific area in the future. All manufacturers in the world have very good market prospect of Asian MMA, and newly build and expand MMA projects in Asia in a dispute way.
The selective oxidation of Methacrolein (MAL) to methacrylic acid (MAA) is a key step in the clean MMA production process, and the heteropolyacid catalyst based on phosphomolybdic acid and phosphomolybdic vanadic acid is used as a process core technology.
Although the phosphomolybdic vanadate heteropolyacid catalyst is successfully developed in the last 80 th century in Japan, and the industrial production of MAA is realized, the problems of low selectivity, low utilization rate of active components and poor thermal stability still exist.
The oxidation of methacrolein to methacrylic acid catalysts is known in the art, e.g. US20150105583, US20140316160, CN101175569A, CN108290143a etc. disclose the oxidation of MAL to MAA using heteropolyacid/salt catalysts, which have the disadvantage of low yields and short lifetimes.
The preparation of heteropolyacid salt catalysts is reported in patent application CN102105223a, mainly reporting the influence of the addition sequence of phosphorus elements on MAA selectivity in the catalyst preparation process, resulting in MAL conversion of more than 70% and MAA selectivity of more than 80%. However, the specific surface area of the catalyst is small and the catalytic efficiency is not high.
Patent application CN1126718A reports the preparation of a heteropolyacid catalyst, wherein the activity of the catalyst is increased by introducing a solid super acid containing sulfate radical during the preparation process of the catalyst, so as to obtain a high-activity catalyst, and the catalyst can react at a lower reaction temperature, but the selectivity of the catalyst is still lower.
Therefore, a new preparation method of the heteropolyacid (salt) catalyst needs to be developed, the selectivity of the catalyst is further improved, the stability of the catalyst is improved, the service life is prolonged, and meanwhile, the preparation process of the catalyst is ensured to be excessively complicated as much as possible, so that the catalyst is suitable for large-scale industrial production.
Disclosure of Invention
To this end, the present invention provides a heteropolyacid (salt) type catalyst, which is directed to the deficiencies of the prior art. The catalyst is suitable for selective oxidation process, especially for preparing methacrylic acid by oxidizing methacrolein.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides a preparation method of a heteropoly acid or heteropoly acid salt catalyst with a Keggin structure, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Mixing and introducing corresponding compounds of elements forming the heteropoly acid or heteropoly acid salt catalyst with the Keggin structure into water, adding a certain amount of alcohol, and stirring and mixing uniformly to obtain a first mixture;
(2) Preparing an alcohol-treated acid;
(3) Adding the alcohol-treated acid obtained in the step (2) into the first mixture obtained in the step (1) to maintain the pH value at 0.1-3.0, and then stirring and aging for a period of time at 50-90 ℃;
(4) Adjusting the pH value to 4-7, condensing and refluxing for a period of time, and then spray drying to obtain a catalyst precursor;
(5) Pre-roasting the catalyst precursor obtained in the step (4) to obtain a pre-roasted product;
(6) Molding the pre-baked product obtained in the step (5) to obtain a molded product;
(7) And (3) activating the molded product obtained in the step (6) to obtain the heteropoly acid or heteropoly acid salt catalyst with the Keggin structure.
Wherein the heteropolyacid or heteropolyacid salt of Keggin structure has a composition represented by formula (i):
P a Mo b V c Cu d X e Y f Z g O h (i)
in the formula (i), P, mo, V, cu and O represent phosphorus, molybdenum, vanadium, copper and oxygen, respectively; x is at least one element selected from arsenic, antimony and tellurium; y is at least one element selected from silver, silicon, iron, zinc, chromium, magnesium, cobalt, manganese, barium and cerium; z is at least one element selected from hydrogen, potassium and cesium; a. b, c, d, e, f, g and h each represent an atomic ratio of each element, wherein if b=12, a=0.1 to 5, c=0.01 to 4, d=0.01 to 2.5, e is 0 to 3, f=0 to 3, g=0.01 to 3, and h is an atomic ratio of oxygen required to satisfy the atomic valence of each element.
Wherein in the step (1), the stirring time is 20-40min.
Wherein in the step (1) or (2), the alcohol is selected from one or more of monohydric alcohol, polyhydric alcohol, saturated alcohol, unsaturated alcohol and aromatic alcohol with C1-C9; preferably one or more selected from C3-C6 monohydric alcohol, polyhydric alcohol, saturated alcohol, unsaturated alcohol and aromatic alcohol, and most preferably one or more selected from isopropanol, tertiary butanol, isobutanol, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, cyclohexanol, benzyl alcohol and the like.
Wherein, in the step (2), the preparing of the alcohol-treated acid comprises: mixing alcohol and acid, heating to 50-70deg.C, stirring for 0.5-2 hr, and cooling to room temperature, wherein the volume ratio of alcohol and acid is 0.5-1.5:1 (preferably 1:1).
Wherein in the step (2), the acid is at least one selected from sulfuric acid, acetic acid, oxalic acid, hydrochloric acid, hypochlorous acid, perchloric acid, tartaric acid, nitric acid, nitrous acid and hydrofluoric acid.
Wherein in the step (3), the stirring aging time is 1-10h.
In the step (4), the condensation reflux time is 3-9h.
Wherein in the step (5), the pre-roasting temperature is 250-300 ℃ and the pre-roasting time is 5-10h.
Wherein, in the step (6), the additive is added into the pre-roasting product and then the pre-roasting product is molded; wherein the additive comprises graphite and stearic acid.
Wherein in the step (7), the activation temperature is 350-450 ℃ and the activation time is 5-10h.
The invention also provides the heteropoly acid or heteropoly acid salt catalyst with the Keggin structure, which is prepared by the preparation method of the heteropoly acid or heteropoly acid salt catalyst with the Keggin structure.
Wherein the heat conductivity coefficient of the heteropoly acid or heteropoly acid salt catalyst with Keggin structure is 0.3-0.9W/(m DEG C) (preferably 0.4-0.6W/(m DEG C)), the grain size is 5-50 nm (preferably 10-25 nm), and the specific surface area is 10-200 m 2 Per gram (preferably 20-100 m) 2 Per g), pore volume of 0.1-1.0 mL/g (preferably 0.2-0.8 mL/g), na of the catalyst 2 The O content is not higher than 10ppm, preferably not higher than 5ppm.
The invention also provides application of the heteropoly acid or heteropoly acid salt catalyst with the Keggin structure in a selective oxidation process, preferably in a process for preparing methacrylic acid by oxidizing methacrolein.
The invention has the following beneficial technical effects:
compared with the prior art, the method for synthesizing the Keggin structure heteropolyacid or heteropolyacid salt catalyst in the alcohol-water azeotrope has the following characteristics:
(1) The temperature of the alcohol-water azeotrope can be adjusted according to the alcohol-water ratio and the type of alcohol, and the temperature of a Keggin structure heteropolyacid or heteropolyacid salt generating system can be controlled more precisely by the alcohol-water azeotrope, so that compared with a traditional water phase, the Keggin structure heteropolyacid or heteropolyacid salt obtained by adopting the alcohol-water azeotrope can be adjusted more precisely in terms of crystallinity, grain size and crystal form.
(2) In an alcohol-water azeotrope system, alcohol can play a role of a template agent, plays an important role in generating primary particles of heteropoly acid or heteropoly acid salt with a Keggin structure, and the obtained catalyst has larger performance than water phase difference, and can adjust the type of the alcohol according to the requirement, so that an ideal catalyst structure is obtained.
(3) In the alcohol-water azeotrope synthesis system, the alcohol can also play a role of a pore-forming agent, but the pore-forming agent is different from the traditional pore-forming agent, the pore-forming agent can be used for manufacturing structural pores in the initial stage of Keggin structural crystal generation, the size and the type of the obtained pore can be adjusted according to the proportion of the alcohol to the water and the type of the alcohol, and the performance of the generated catalyst is greatly improved.
(4) Compared with the traditional catalyst obtained by water phase synthesis, the physical property of the heteropoly acid (salt) catalyst obtained by synthesizing the heteropoly acid or heteropoly acid salt catalyst with the Keggin structure in an alcohol-water azeotrope is improved particularly obviously, the catalyst is used for the oxidation reaction of methacrolein, the catalytic performance is obviously improved, particularly the methacrolein conversion activity is greatly improved to more than 92%, and the methacrylic acid selectivity is kept to more than 90%.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific embodiments in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Example 1
Firstly, 410ml of isobutanol and 410ml of 85% nitric acid are mixed, heated to 50 ℃ under stirring, kept for 1h, and then cooled to room temperature;
secondly, 1000g of ammonium molybdate, 61g of ammonium metavanadate, 49g of copper nitrate, 29g of ferric nitrate, 100g of cesium nitrate and 65.4g of 85% phosphoric acid are added into 4000g of pure water, 4000mL of isobutanol is added, stirring is carried out for 30min, nitric acid after the alcohol treatment in the first step is added, heating is carried out to 84 ℃ and kept for 5h, cooling is carried out to room temperature to obtain a solution, 450mL of ammonia water with the concentration of 25% is added, stirring is carried out for 30min, heating is carried out to the reflux temperature and kept for 4h, and a pasty material is obtained. Spray drying the obtained slurry material, roasting at 250 ℃ for 10 hours to obtain catalyst precursor powder, adding a proper amount of graphite and stearic acid into the catalyst precursor powder, forming, and roasting at 410 ℃ for 8 hours to obtain a catalyst, wherein the composition is P 1.1 Mo 11 V 1.0 Cu 0.5 Cs 1.0 Fe 0.2
Example 2
Firstly, 410ml of benzyl alcohol and 410ml of 85% nitric acid are mixed, heated to 60 ℃ under stirring, kept for 1.5h, and then cooled to room temperature;
secondly, 1000g of ammonium molybdate, 60g of ammonium metavanadate, 26g of copper nitrate, 55g of ferric nitrate, 201g of cesium nitrate and 65.4g of 85% phosphoric acid are added into 4000g of pure water, 4000mL of benzyl alcohol is added, stirring is carried out for 30min, nitric acid after the alcohol treatment in the first step is added, heating is carried out to 96 ℃ and kept for 5h, cooling is carried out to room temperature to obtain a solution, 400mL of ammonia water with the concentration of 25% is added, stirring is carried out for 30min, heating is carried out to the reflux temperature and kept for 4h, and a pasty material is obtained. Spray drying the obtained slurry material, roasting at 250 deg.c for 10 hr to obtain active catalyst component powder, adding proper amount of graphite and stearic acid into the catalyst precursor powder, forming, and roasting at 415 deg.cBurning for 8h to obtain catalyst with composition P 1.1 Mo 11 V 1.0 Cu 0.27 Cs 2.0 Fe 0.4
Example 3
Firstly, mixing 403ml of cyclohexanol and 403ml of 85% nitric acid, heating to 55 ℃ under stirring, maintaining for 1.5h, and then cooling to room temperature;
in the second step, 955g of ammonium molybdate, 90.5g of ammonium metavanadate, 51g of copper nitrate, 63g of antimony nitrate, 57.7g of potassium hydroxide and 65.4g of 85% phosphoric acid are added into 4000g of pure water, then 4000mL of cyclohexanol is added, stirring is carried out for 30min, nitric acid after the first alcohol treatment is added, the temperature is raised to 92 ℃ and kept for 5h, cooling is carried out to room temperature to obtain a solution, then 410mL of ammonia water with the concentration of 25% is added, stirring is carried out for 30min, the temperature is raised to the reflux temperature and kept at reflux for 4h, and a pasty material is obtained. Spray drying the obtained slurry material, roasting at 250 ℃ for 10 hours to obtain catalyst active component powder, adding a proper amount of graphite and stearic acid into the catalyst precursor powder, forming, and roasting at 410 ℃ for 8 hours to obtain a catalyst with the composition of P 1.1 Mo 10.5 V 1.52 Cu 0.53 K 2.0 Sb 0.4
Example 4
Firstly, 403ml of isopropanol and 399ml of 85% nitric acid are mixed, heated to 50 ℃ under stirring, kept for 1h, and then cooled to room temperature;
secondly, 927g of ammonium molybdate, 108.5g of ammonium metavanadate, 51g of copper nitrate, 18g of manganese nitrate, 151g of cesium nitrate and 59.5g of 85% phosphoric acid are added into 4000g of pure water, then 4000mL of isopropanol is added, stirring is carried out for 30min, nitric acid after the first alcohol treatment is added, the temperature is raised to 88 ℃ and kept for 5h, cooling is carried out to room temperature to obtain a solution, then 424mL of ammonia water with the concentration of 25% is added, stirring is carried out for 30min, the temperature is raised to the reflux temperature and kept for 4h, and a pasty material is obtained. Spray drying the obtained slurry material, roasting at 250 ℃ for 10 hours to obtain catalyst active component powder, adding a proper amount of graphite and stearic acid into the catalyst precursor powder, forming, and roasting at 410 ℃ for 8 hours to obtain a catalyst with the composition of P 1.0 Mo 10.2 V 1.8 Cu 0.53 Mn 0.2 Cs 1.5 Sb 0 .3
Example 5
Firstly, 391ml of tertiary butanol and 399ml of 85% nitric acid are mixed, heated to 60 ℃ under stirring, kept for 1h, and then cooled to room temperature;
secondly, 955g of ammonium molybdate, 91g of ammonium metavanadate, 51g of copper nitrate, 63g of antimony nitrate, 57.7g of potassium hydroxide, 41.5g of 85% phosphoric acid and 29g of 80% arsenic acid are added into 5500g of pure water, 4000mL of isopropanol is then added, stirring is carried out for 30min, nitric acid after the first alcohol treatment is added, the temperature is raised to 90 ℃ and kept for 5h, cooling is carried out to room temperature to obtain a solution, 412mL of ammonia water with the concentration of 25% is then added, stirring is carried out for 30min, the temperature is raised to the reflux temperature and kept at reflux for 4h, and a pasty material is obtained. Spray drying the obtained slurry material, roasting at 250 ℃ for 10 hours to obtain catalyst active component powder, adding a proper amount of graphite and stearic acid into the catalyst precursor powder, forming, and roasting at 420 ℃ for 8 hours to obtain a catalyst, wherein the composition is P 0.7 As 0.3 Mo 10. 5 V 1.52 Cu 0.53 K 2.0 Sb 0.4
Comparative example 1
1000g of ammonium molybdate, 61g of ammonium metavanadate, 49g of copper nitrate, 29g of ferric nitrate, 100g of cesium nitrate and 65.4g of 85% phosphoric acid are added to 4000g of pure water, stirred for 30min, 410mL of 85% nitric acid is added, the temperature is raised to 84 ℃ and kept for 5h, the mixture is cooled to room temperature to obtain a solution, 450mL of 25% ammonia water is added, stirred for 30min, the mixture is heated to a reflux temperature and kept at reflux for 4h, and a pasty material is obtained. Spray drying the obtained slurry material, roasting at 250 ℃ for 10 hours to obtain catalyst precursor powder, adding a proper amount of graphite and stearic acid into the catalyst precursor powder, forming, and roasting at 410 ℃ for 8 hours to obtain a catalyst, wherein the composition is P 1.1 Mo 11 V 1.0 Cu 0.5 Cs 1.0 Fe 0.2
Comparative example 2
1000g of ammonium molybdate, 60g of ammonium metavanadate, 26g of copper nitrate, 55g of ferric nitrate, 201g of cesium nitrate and 65.4g of 8 are added to 4000g of pure water5% phosphoric acid, stirring for 30min, adding 410mL of 85% nitric acid, heating to 96 ℃ and keeping for 5h, cooling to room temperature to obtain a solution, then adding 400mL of 25% ammonia water, stirring for 30min, heating to reflux temperature and keeping reflux for 4h, and obtaining a pasty material. Spray drying the obtained slurry material, roasting at 250 ℃ for 10 hours to obtain catalyst active component powder, adding a proper amount of graphite and stearic acid into the catalyst precursor powder, forming, and roasting at 415 ℃ for 8 hours to obtain a catalyst with the composition of P 1.1 Mo 11 V 1.0 Cu 0.27 Cs 2.0 Fe 0.4
Catalytic reaction
The catalyst prepared above was used for the preparation of methacrylic acid by oxidation of methacrolein.
The reaction conditions are as follows: the fixed bed process evaluation shows that the diameter of the reactor is 2mm, the length of the reactor is 80mm, the catalyst loading is 15mL, and the volume percentage of the raw material gas is as follows: 1% of methacrolein, 3% of oxygen, 5% of water vapor, 20% of nitrogen, the reaction temperature is 300-330 ℃, and the airspeed is 1000h -1
The liquid fraction in the product was detected by using a FID detector gas chromatograph, the gas fraction was detected by using a TCD detector gas chromatograph, and the methacrolein conversion, methacrylic acid selectivity and methacrylic acid yield were calculated from the detection results, and the results are shown in table 1.
Table 1 results of catalyst performance tests for examples and comparative examples
Catalyst MAL conversion/% MAA selectivity/% MAA yield/%
Example 1 93.1 92.5 86.1
Example 2 92.0 91.1 83.8
Example 3 94.3 89.7 84.6
Example 4 91.4 93.4 85.4
Example 5 90.5 91.8 83.1
Comparative example 1 87.7 82.3 72.2
Comparative example 2 86.9 81.3 70.6
It is apparent that the above examples are given by way of illustration only and are not limiting of the embodiments. Other variations or modifications of the above teachings will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art. It is not necessary here nor is it exhaustive of all embodiments. While still being apparent from variations or modifications that may be made by those skilled in the art are within the scope of the invention.

Claims (6)

1. A preparation method of a heteropolyacid or heteropolyacid salt catalyst with a Keggin structure comprises the following steps:
(1) Mixing and introducing corresponding compounds of elements forming the heteropoly acid or heteropoly acid salt catalyst with the Keggin structure into water, adding a certain amount of alcohol, and stirring and mixing uniformly to obtain a first mixture;
(2) Preparing an alcohol treated acid comprising: mixing alcohol and acid, heating to 50-70 ℃, stirring for 0.5-2h, and cooling to room temperature, wherein the volume ratio of the alcohol to the acid is 0.5-1.5:1;
(3) Adding the alcohol-treated acid obtained in the step (2) into the first mixture obtained in the step (1) to keep the pH value at 0.1-3.0, and then stirring and aging for 1-10h at 50-90 ℃;
(4) Regulating the pH value to 4-7, condensing and refluxing for 3-9h, and then spray drying to obtain a catalyst precursor;
(5) Pre-roasting the catalyst precursor obtained in the step (4) to obtain a pre-roasted product;
(6) Molding the pre-baked product obtained in the step (5) to obtain a molded product;
(7) And (3) activating the molded product obtained in the step (6) to obtain the heteropoly acid or heteropoly acid salt catalyst with the Keggin structure.
2. The method for producing a Keggin structured heteropoly acid or heteropoly acid salt catalyst according to claim 1, wherein the Keggin structured heteropoly acid or heteropoly acid salt has a composition represented by formula (i):
P a Mo b V c Cu d X e Y f Z g O h (i)
in the formula (i), P, mo, V, cu and O represent phosphorus, molybdenum, vanadium, copper and oxygen, respectively; x is at least one element selected from arsenic, antimony and tellurium; y is at least one element selected from silver, silicon, iron, zinc, chromium, magnesium, cobalt, manganese, barium and cerium; z is at least one element selected from hydrogen, potassium and cesium; a. b, c, d, e, f, g and h each represent an atomic ratio of each element, wherein if b=12, a=0.1 to 5, c=0.01 to 4, d=0.01 to 2.5, e is 0 to 3, f=0 to 3, g=0.01 to 3, and h is an atomic ratio of oxygen required to satisfy the atomic valence of each element.
3. The method for preparing a Keggin structured heteropolyacid or heteropolyacid salt catalyst according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1) or (2), the alcohol is one or more selected from monohydric alcohols, polyhydric alcohols, saturated alcohols, unsaturated alcohols and aromatic alcohols having 1 to 9 carbon atoms.
4. The method for preparing a Keggin structured heteropoly acid or heteropoly acid salt catalyst according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the acid is at least one selected from sulfuric acid, acetic acid, oxalic acid, hydrochloric acid, hypochlorous acid, perchloric acid, tartaric acid, nitric acid, nitrous acid, hydrofluoric acid.
5. The method for preparing a Keggin structured heteropoly acid or heteropoly acid salt catalyst according to claim 1, wherein in the step (6), the pre-baked product is molded after adding an additive; wherein the additive comprises graphite and stearic acid.
6. The method for preparing a Keggin structured heteropoly acid or heteropoly acid salt catalyst according to claim 1, wherein in the step (7), the activation temperature is 350-450 ℃ and the activation time is 5-10h.
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