CN113892401A - Living tree epiphytic cultivation method for dendrobium officinale - Google Patents
Living tree epiphytic cultivation method for dendrobium officinale Download PDFInfo
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- CN113892401A CN113892401A CN202111172365.9A CN202111172365A CN113892401A CN 113892401 A CN113892401 A CN 113892401A CN 202111172365 A CN202111172365 A CN 202111172365A CN 113892401 A CN113892401 A CN 113892401A
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- 241001076416 Dendrobium tosaense Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 68
- 238000012364 cultivation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
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- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 241000723346 Cinnamomum camphora Species 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 240000001008 Dimocarpus longan Species 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 235000000235 Euphoria longan Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 235000008331 Pinus X rigitaeda Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 241000018646 Pinus brutia Species 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 235000011613 Pinus brutia Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 4
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- 235000014443 Pyrus communis Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 61
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- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 28
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 229910000402 monopotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 25
- 235000019796 monopotassium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 25
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 22
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 claims description 22
- PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid;potassium Chemical compound [K].OP(O)(O)=O PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000001963 growth medium Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 241000237858 Gastropoda Species 0.000 claims description 13
- ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium bicarbonate Chemical compound [NH4+].OC([O-])=O ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910000013 Ammonium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 claims description 12
- 235000012538 ammonium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000001099 ammonium carbonate Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium sulfate Chemical compound N.N.OS(O)(=O)=O BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052921 ammonium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 235000011130 ammonium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 12
- YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium bis(dihydrogenphosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].OP(O)([O-])=O.OP(O)([O-])=O YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910000389 calcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 235000019691 monocalcium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 12
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000000844 anti-bacterial effect Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000003899 bactericide agent Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 206010020880 Hypertrophy Diseases 0.000 claims description 7
- 241000233855 Orchidaceae Species 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005469 granulation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000003179 granulation Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- GNSKLFRGEWLPPA-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [K+].OP(O)([O-])=O GNSKLFRGEWLPPA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000012286 potassium permanganate Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K potassium phosphate Substances [K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
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- 235000012766 Cannabis sativa ssp. sativa var. sativa Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
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- 235000009120 camo Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
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- 239000011487 hemp Substances 0.000 claims description 5
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- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- SESFRYSPDFLNCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzyl benzoate Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(=O)OCC1=CC=CC=C1 SESFRYSPDFLNCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 229930002875 chlorophyll Natural products 0.000 abstract description 6
- 235000019804 chlorophyll Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 6
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- HCJLVWUMMKIQIM-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;2,3,4,5,6-pentachlorophenolate Chemical group [Na+].[O-]C1=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C1Cl HCJLVWUMMKIQIM-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
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- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940109275 cyclamate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- HCAJEUSONLESMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexylsulfamic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)NC1CCCCC1 HCAJEUSONLESMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- IXORZMNAPKEEDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N gibberellic acid GA3 Natural products OC(=O)C1C2(C3)CC(=C)C3(O)CCC2C2(C=CC3O)C1C3(C)C(=O)O2 IXORZMNAPKEEDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003448 gibberellin Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B1/00—Superphosphates, i.e. fertilisers produced by reacting rock or bone phosphates with sulfuric or phosphoric acid in such amounts and concentrations as to yield solid products directly
- C05B1/02—Superphosphates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/40—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity for affecting fertiliser dosage or release rate; for affecting solubility
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/20—Liquid fertilisers
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of plant cultivation, and particularly relates to a living tree epiphytic cultivation method of dendrobium officinale, which comprises the following steps: (1) hardening seedlings; (2) seedling emergence; (3) transplanting; (4) planting under forest: planting in pine, camphor tree, pear or longan tree forest; (5) managing the field; (6) pest control; the method has the advantages of high survival rate, improvement of chlorophyll content and injury resistance, no requirement on shading degree and no need of using shading equipment, and adopts understory planting to restore the affinity of the dendrobium officinale, so that the variety purity is higher.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of plant cultivation, and particularly relates to a living tree epiphytic cultivation method of dendrobium officinale.
Background
The dendrobium officinale is a perennial epiphytic herb plant of dendrobium of orchidaceae, has higher scientific research value, medicinal value and ornamental value, and the modern medical research shows that the dendrobium officinale contains various probiotic elements, such as polysaccharide, amino acid, various glycosides and the like, has the effects of resisting aging, resisting tumors and reducing blood sugar, and also has the effects of promoting gastric secretion, helping digestion, expanding blood vessels, inhibiting lipid peroxidation, inhibiting aldose reductase, enhancing human immunity and the like. Because the dendrobium officinale has strict requirements on the growth environment, the supply of wild dendrobium officinale is difficult to meet the market demand, artificial cultivation is needed, and the cost of greenhouse cultivation is high, so that the dendrobium officinale is not favorable for popularization.
Patent CN102499038A discloses a tree cultivation method of dendrobium officinale, which is characterized in that a grass rope is selected as a binding rope.
Patent CN106982724A discloses a planting method for dendrobium officinale living trees, and the key point is to select epiphytic plants.
Although technical researches on wild-simulated cultivation and living tree epiphytic cultivation of the dendrobium officinale are more at present, the lack of a systematic management method causes the problems that tissue culture seedlings of the dendrobium officinale are too tender to be subjected to living tree epiphytic cultivation, the survival rate is low, the quality is not ideal and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a living tree epiphytic cultivation method of dendrobium officinale aiming at the defects of the prior art.
The method is realized by the following technical scheme:
a living tree epiphytic cultivation method of dendrobium officinale comprises the following steps:
(1) hardening off seedlings
Moving the bottle seedlings which grow robustly and reach the planting standard to a greenhouse for hardening seedlings for 6-8d to obtain tissue culture seedlings;
(2) emergence of seedlings
Taking out the tissue culture seedlings, washing the tissue culture seedlings with clear water, soaking the tissue culture seedlings in potassium permanganate with the mass concentration of 1-1.5%, and airing the tissue culture seedlings in a cool and ventilated place until the roots turn white;
(3) transplanting
Transplanting the seedlings to a culture medium for natural culture in 3-5 months;
(4) under forest planting
5-6 dendrobium officinale seedlings which are transplanted in 1 year are integrally clung to the concave part or flat part of a trunk, are bound and fixed along the middle part of the trunk by using easy-to-adhere and tough materials such as hemp ropes and the like, and then are planted in a pine, camphor tree, pear tree or longan tree forest;
(5) management of field
Temperature, humidity and illumination
The illumination intensity is 5000-10000Lx, the growth temperature is 8-35 ℃, and the humidity is controlled at 60-80%;
management of fertilizer and water
After planting, the dendrobium officinale seedlings are completely watered to the surface of the matrix, and then watering is carried out only by keeping the matrix wet; controlling watering frequency to be 1 time in summer and 1 time in winter for 7 days, and alternately applying urea aqueous solution and potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution after new roots sprout; after 1-2 months, the leaf hypertrophy can be promoted by applying slow-release granular fertilizer aqueous solution and spraying foliar fertilizer;
(6) pest control
The main diseases and pests of the dendrobium officinale are common anthracnose, snails, slugs and the like of orchidaceae plants, and after the dendrobium officinale is planted, 1 time of bactericide can be sprayed every 10 days if the diseases and pests occur.
The planting standard is as follows: the seedlings with the root promoting function are inoculated into bottle seedlings for 3-5 months, the height of the seedlings is 3-6cm, 4-5 roots are provided, the roots are 3-5cm long, the seedlings are white and slightly greenish, a certain number of leaves are provided, yellow leaves are not provided, the leaf color is normal, and plants are normal and have no variation.
The culture medium is one or more of peat soil, aquatic weeds, tree barks and wood shavings.
The culture medium is steamed with high-temperature steam or boiled with boiled water for 20-25min before use, and then is taken out to be naturally cooled and dried for later use. Aims to kill the eggs and germs hidden in the substrate and reduce the probability of plant diseases and insect pests in the cultivation in the future.
Preferably, the growth temperature is 15-30 ℃.
The mass concentration of the urea aqueous solution is 0.3-0.5%, the dosage is 5-10ml per plant, and the spraying frequency is 15 d/time.
The mass concentration of the potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution is 1.5-3.5%, the dosage is 8-12ml per plant, and the spraying frequency is 15 d/time.
The slow release granular fertilizer water solution is prepared from the following components in parts by mass: 3-9 parts of calcium superphosphate, 2-3 parts of ammonium bicarbonate, 5-8 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 1-5 parts of ammonium sulfate, 4-7 parts of urea, 1-2 parts of dry cow dung and 3-6 parts of starch.
The preparation method of the slow release granular fertilizer water solution comprises the following steps: grinding calcium superphosphate, mixing with ammonium bicarbonate and ammonium sulfate, standing at 40-50 deg.C for 6-8 hr, adding urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, dried cow dung and starch, mixing, and extruding for granulation.
The mass concentration of the slow-release granular fertilizer aqueous solution is 20-30%, the dosage is 13-15 ml/plant, and the slow-release granular fertilizer aqueous solution is not sprayed after the spraying frequency is continuously sprayed for 3 days.
The foliar fertilizer is prepared from biogas slurry and benkelin according to the mass ratio (15-20): 1, diluting by 800 times and 2000 times, wherein the dosage of the leaf fertilizer is 5-10ml per plant, and the spraying frequency is 15d per time.
The bactericide is sodium pentachlorophenate or cyclamate.
Has the advantages that:
the method has the advantages of high survival rate, increased chlorophyll content and damage resistance, no requirement on shading degree and no need of using shading equipment.
According to the invention, the bottle seedlings are slowly adapted to the external natural environment through seedling hardening, the rotten roots of the mildew are prevented and treated through washing and disinfection by clear water in the seedling emergence stage, and the rotten roots are dried in the air, so that the fleshy roots are changed from crisp and tender to tough, a protective layer is formed on the surface, the damage is not easily caused, the activity is more easily recovered, and the survival rate is higher.
The invention considers that the daily average temperature of 3-5 months is 15-30 ℃, the survival rate of dendrobium officinale seedlings in winter (1 and 2 months) and summer (7 and 8 months) is extremely low, and the dendrobium officinale seedlings are not suitable for washing and transplanting.
The method adopts under-forest planting, so that the dendrobium officinale can recover the nature and the variety purity is higher.
According to the invention, the watering frequency is controlled, so that the air humidity of the planting environment is increased, and the leaf surface moisture is prevented from excessively transpiring to cause plant wilting. The dendrobium officinale is alternately applied with urea and potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution with proper concentration after new roots sprout to promote stem enlargement, after 1-2 months, the seedlings to be planted adapt to the planting environment, and slow-release granular fertilizer aqueous solution is applied to help the new roots grow and the stems are thick and mature. In addition, the foliage fertilizer can promote the leaf hypertrophy, increase the chlorophyll content and improve the photosynthetic capacity of the foliage fertilizer.
Detailed Description
The following is a detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to these embodiments, and any modifications or substitutions in the basic spirit of the embodiments are included in the scope of the present invention as claimed in the claims.
Example 1
A living tree epiphytic cultivation method of dendrobium officinale comprises the following steps:
(1) hardening off seedlings
Moving the bottle seedlings which grow robustly and reach the planting standard to a greenhouse for hardening the seedlings for 6d to obtain tissue culture seedlings;
(2) emergence of seedlings
Taking out the tissue culture seedlings, washing the tissue culture seedlings with clear water, soaking the tissue culture seedlings in potassium permanganate with the mass concentration of 1%, and then placing the tissue culture seedlings in a shady and cool ventilated place to be dried until the roots turn white;
(3) transplanting
Transplanting the seedlings to a culture medium for natural culture in 3 months;
(4) under forest planting
Tightly attaching 5 dendrobium officinale seedlings which are transplanted for 1 year to a concave part or flat part of a trunk as a whole, binding and fixing the dendrobium officinale seedlings along the middle part of the trunk by using hemp ropes, and then planting the dendrobium officinale seedlings in a pine forest;
(5) management of field
Temperature, humidity and illumination
The illumination intensity is 5000Lx, the growth temperature is 15-30 ℃, and the humidity is controlled at 60-80%;
management of fertilizer and water
After planting, the dendrobium officinale seedlings are completely watered to the surface of the matrix, and then watering is carried out only by keeping the matrix wet; controlling watering frequency to be 1 time in summer and 1 time in winter for 7 days, and alternately applying urea aqueous solution and potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution after new roots sprout; after 1 month, the leaf hypertrophy can be promoted by applying slow-release granular fertilizer aqueous solution and spraying foliar fertilizer;
(6) pest control
The main diseases and pests of the dendrobium officinale are common anthracnose, snails, slugs and the like of orchidaceae plants, and after the dendrobium officinale is planted, 1 time of bactericide can be sprayed every 10 days if the diseases and pests occur.
The planting standard is as follows: the root-promoting seedlings are inoculated into bottle seedlings for 3 months, the seedlings are 3cm high, 4 roots are provided, the roots are 3cm long, the seedlings are white and slightly greenish, a certain number of leaves are provided, yellow leaves are absent, the leaf color is normal, and the plants are normal and have no variation;
the culture medium is peat soil;
steaming the culture medium for 20-min by high-temperature steam before use, taking out, naturally cooling and airing for later use;
the mass concentration of the urea aqueous solution is 0.3%, the dosage is 5ml per plant, and the spraying frequency is 15 d/time;
the mass concentration of the potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution is 1.5%, the using amount is 8ml per plant, and the spraying frequency is 15 d/time;
the slow release granular fertilizer water solution is prepared from the following components in parts by mass: 3 parts of calcium superphosphate, 2 parts of ammonium bicarbonate, 5 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 1 part of ammonium sulfate, 4 parts of urea, 1 part of dried cow dung and 3 parts of starch;
the preparation method of the slow release granular fertilizer water solution comprises the following steps: grinding calcium superphosphate, mixing with ammonium bicarbonate and ammonium sulfate, standing at 40 deg.C for 6 hr, adding urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, dried cow dung and starch, mixing, and extruding for granulation;
the mass concentration of the slow-release granular fertilizer aqueous solution is 20%, the using amount of the slow-release granular fertilizer aqueous solution is 13 ml/plant, and the slow-release granular fertilizer aqueous solution is not sprayed any more after the slow-release granular fertilizer aqueous solution is continuously sprayed for 3 days;
the foliar fertilizer is prepared from biogas slurry and benkelin according to a mass ratio of 15: 1, diluting by 2000 times after mixing, wherein the dosage of the foliar fertilizer is 5ml per plant, and the spraying frequency is 15d per time;
the bactericide is 1000 times of sodium pentachlorophenate solution.
Example 2
A living tree epiphytic cultivation method of dendrobium officinale comprises the following steps:
(1) hardening off seedlings
Moving the bottle seedlings which grow robustly and reach the planting standard to a greenhouse for hardening the seedlings for 8d to obtain tissue culture seedlings;
(2) emergence of seedlings
Taking out the tissue culture seedlings, washing the tissue culture seedlings with clear water, soaking the tissue culture seedlings in potassium permanganate with the mass concentration of 1.5%, and then placing the tissue culture seedlings in a cool and ventilated place to be dried until the roots turn white;
(3) transplanting
Transplanting the seedlings to a culture medium for natural culture in 5 months;
(4) under forest planting
Tightly attaching 5 dendrobium officinale seedlings which are transplanted for 1 year to the concave part or flat part of a trunk as a whole, binding and fixing the dendrobium officinale seedlings along the middle part of the trunk by using hemp ropes, and then planting the dendrobium officinale seedlings in a camphor tree forest;
(5) management of field
Temperature, humidity and illumination
The illumination intensity is 10000Lx, the growth temperature is 15-30 ℃, and the humidity is controlled at 60-80%;
management of fertilizer and water
After planting, the dendrobium officinale seedlings are completely watered to the surface of the matrix, and then watering is carried out only by keeping the matrix wet; controlling watering frequency to be 1 time in summer and 1 time in winter for 7 days, and alternately applying urea aqueous solution and potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution after new roots sprout; after 2 months, the leaf hypertrophy can be promoted by applying slow-release granular fertilizer aqueous solution and spraying foliar fertilizer;
(6) pest control
The main diseases and pests of the dendrobium officinale are common anthracnose, snails, slugs and the like of orchidaceae plants, and after the dendrobium officinale is planted, 1-time bactericide can be sprayed every 10 days if the diseases and pests occur;
the planting standard is as follows: the root-promoting seedlings are inoculated into bottle seedlings for 5 months, the seedlings are 6cm high, 5 roots are provided, the roots are 5cm long, the seedlings are white and slightly greenish, a certain number of leaves are provided, yellow leaves are absent, the leaf color is normal, and the plants are normal and have no variation;
the culture medium is aquatic weeds;
the culture medium is boiled in boiled water for 20min before use, taken out, naturally cooled and dried for later use. Aims to kill the eggs and germs hidden in the substrate and reduce the probability of plant diseases and insect pests in the cultivation in the future;
the mass concentration of the urea aqueous solution is 0.5%, the dosage is 10ml per plant, and the spraying frequency is 15 d/time;
the mass concentration of the potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution is 3.5%, the using amount is 12ml per plant, and the spraying frequency is 15 d/time;
the slow release granular fertilizer water solution is prepared from the following components in parts by mass: 9 parts of calcium superphosphate, 3 parts of ammonium bicarbonate, 8 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 5 parts of ammonium sulfate, 7 parts of urea, 2 parts of dried cow dung and 6 parts of starch;
the preparation method of the slow release granular fertilizer water solution comprises the following steps: grinding calcium superphosphate, mixing with ammonium bicarbonate and ammonium sulfate, standing at 50 deg.C for 8 hr, adding urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, dried cow dung and starch, mixing, and extruding for granulation;
the mass concentration of the slow-release granular fertilizer aqueous solution is 30%, the dosage is 15 ml/plant, and the slow-release granular fertilizer aqueous solution is not sprayed any more after the spraying frequency is continuously sprayed for 3 days;
the foliar fertilizer is prepared from biogas slurry and benkelin in a mass ratio of 20: 1, mixing, diluting by 1500 times, wherein the dosage of the foliar fertilizer is 10ml per plant, and the spraying frequency is 15d per time;
the bactericide is 1000 times of snail guest star solution.
Example 3
A living tree epiphytic cultivation method of dendrobium officinale comprises the following steps:
(1) hardening off seedlings
Moving the bottle seedlings which grow robustly and reach the planting standard to a greenhouse for hardening for 7d to obtain tissue culture seedlings;
(2) emergence of seedlings
Taking out the tissue culture seedlings, washing the tissue culture seedlings with clear water, soaking the tissue culture seedlings in potassium permanganate with the mass concentration of 1.2%, and then placing the tissue culture seedlings in a cool and ventilated place to be dried until the roots turn white;
(3) transplanting
Transplanting the seedlings to a culture medium for natural culture in 3-5 months;
(4) under forest planting
Tightly attaching 5 dendrobium officinale seedlings which are transplanted for 1 year to a concave part or flat part of a trunk as a whole, binding and fixing the dendrobium officinale seedlings along the middle part of the trunk by using hemp ropes, and then planting the dendrobium officinale seedlings in a pear forest;
(5) management of field
Temperature, humidity and illumination
The illumination intensity is 7000Lx, the growth temperature is 15-30 ℃, and the humidity is controlled at 60-80%;
management of fertilizer and water
After planting, the dendrobium officinale seedlings are completely watered to the surface of the matrix, and then watering is carried out only by keeping the matrix wet; controlling watering frequency to be 1 time in summer and 1 time in winter for 7 days, and alternately applying urea aqueous solution and potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution after new roots sprout; after 1 month, the leaf hypertrophy can be promoted by applying slow-release granular fertilizer aqueous solution and spraying foliar fertilizer;
(6) pest control
The main diseases and pests of the dendrobium officinale are common anthracnose, snails, slugs and the like of orchidaceae plants, and after the dendrobium officinale is planted, 1-time bactericide can be sprayed every 10 days if the diseases and pests occur;
the planting standard is as follows: the root-promoting seedlings are inoculated into bottle seedlings for 4 months, the seedlings are 5m high, 5 roots are provided, the roots are 5cm long, the seedlings are white and slightly greenish, a certain number of leaves are provided, yellow leaves are absent, the leaf color is normal, and the plants are normal and have no variation;
the culture substrate is bark;
the culture medium is steamed for 25min by high-temperature steam before use, and then is taken out to be naturally cooled and dried for later use. Aims to kill the eggs and germs hidden in the substrate and reduce the probability of plant diseases and insect pests in the cultivation in the future;
the mass concentration of the urea aqueous solution is 0.40%, the dosage is 8ml per plant, and the spraying frequency is 15 d/time;
the mass concentration of the potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution is 2.5%, the dosage is 10ml per plant, and the spraying frequency is 15 d/time;
the slow release granular fertilizer water solution is prepared from the following components in parts by mass: 6 parts of calcium superphosphate, 2.5 parts of ammonium bicarbonate, 6.5 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 3 parts of ammonium sulfate, 5 parts of urea, 1.7 parts of dry cow dung and 5 parts of starch;
the preparation method of the slow release granular fertilizer water solution comprises the following steps: grinding calcium superphosphate, mixing with ammonium bicarbonate and ammonium sulfate, standing at 45 deg.C for 7 hr, adding urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, dried cow dung and starch, mixing, and extruding for granulation;
the mass concentration of the slow-release granular fertilizer aqueous solution is 25%, the using amount is 14 ml/plant, and the slow-release granular fertilizer aqueous solution is not sprayed any more after the spraying frequency is continuously sprayed for 3 days;
the foliar fertilizer is prepared from biogas slurry and benfural according to the mass ratio of 19: 1, mixing, diluting by 800 times, wherein the dosage of the foliar fertilizer is 7ml per plant, and the spraying frequency is 15d per time;
the bactericide is 1000 times of sodium pentachlorophenate solution.
Example 4
A living tree epiphytic cultivation method of dendrobium officinale comprises the following steps:
(1) hardening off seedlings
Moving the bottle seedlings which grow robustly and reach the planting standard to a greenhouse for hardening for 7d to obtain tissue culture seedlings;
(2) emergence of seedlings
Taking out the tissue culture seedlings, washing the tissue culture seedlings with clear water, soaking the tissue culture seedlings in potassium permanganate with the mass concentration of 1%, and then placing the tissue culture seedlings in a shady and cool ventilated place to be dried until the roots turn white;
(3) transplanting
Transplanting the seedlings to a culture medium for natural culture in 3-5 months;
(4) under forest planting
Tightly attaching 5 dendrobium officinale seedlings which are transplanted for 1 year to the concave part or flat part of a trunk as a whole, binding and fixing the dendrobium officinale seedlings along the middle part of the trunk by using materials which are easy to adhere and have toughness, and then planting the dendrobium officinale seedlings in a longan tree forest;
(5) management of field
Temperature, humidity and illumination
The illumination intensity is 8500Lx, the growth temperature is 15-30 ℃, and the humidity is controlled at 60-80%;
management of fertilizer and water
After planting, the dendrobium officinale seedlings are completely watered to the surface of the matrix, and then watering is carried out only by keeping the matrix wet; controlling watering frequency to be 1 time in summer and 1 time in winter for 7 days, and alternately applying urea aqueous solution and potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution after new roots sprout; after 1 month, the leaf hypertrophy can be promoted by applying slow-release granular fertilizer aqueous solution and spraying foliar fertilizer;
(6) pest control
The main diseases and pests of the dendrobium officinale are common anthracnose, snails, slugs and the like of orchidaceae plants, and after the dendrobium officinale is planted, 1-time bactericide can be sprayed every 10 days if the diseases and pests occur;
the planting standard is as follows: the root-promoting seedlings are inoculated into bottle seedlings for 4 months, the seedlings are 3-6cm high, 4-5 roots are provided, the roots are 3-5cm long, the seedlings are white and slightly greenish, a certain number of leaves are provided, yellow leaves are absent, the leaf color is normal, and the plants are normal and have no variation;
the culture medium is wood shavings;
the culture medium is boiled in boiled water for 25min before use, taken out, naturally cooled and dried for later use. Aims to kill the eggs and germs hidden in the substrate and reduce the probability of plant diseases and insect pests in the cultivation in the future;
the mass concentration of the urea aqueous solution is 0.45%, the dosage is 5ml per plant, and the spraying frequency is 15 d/time;
the mass concentration of the potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution is 3%, the using amount is 10ml per plant, and the spraying frequency is 15 d/time;
the slow release granular fertilizer water solution is prepared from the following components in parts by mass: 9 parts of calcium superphosphate, 2 parts of ammonium bicarbonate, 8 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 1 part of ammonium sulfate, 7 parts of urea, 1 part of dried cow dung and 6 parts of starch;
the preparation method of the slow release granular fertilizer water solution comprises the following steps: grinding calcium superphosphate, mixing with ammonium bicarbonate and ammonium sulfate, standing at 42 deg.C for 6.5 hr, adding urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, dried cow dung and starch, mixing, and extruding for granulation;
the mass concentration of the slow-release granular fertilizer aqueous solution is 23%, the using amount of the slow-release granular fertilizer aqueous solution is 14 ml/plant, and the slow-release granular fertilizer aqueous solution is not sprayed any more after the slow-release granular fertilizer aqueous solution is continuously sprayed for 3 days;
the foliar fertilizer is prepared from biogas slurry and benkelin in a mass ratio of 20: 1, mixing, diluting by 1000 times, wherein the dosage of the foliar fertilizer is 6ml per plant, and the spraying frequency is 15d per time;
the bactericide consists of 1000 times of sodium pentachlorophenate solution and 1000 times of cochleate star solution according to the mass ratio of 1: 1.
Experimental example 1
Planting according to the method of the embodiment 1-4, bundling 5 dendrobium officinale into a cluster, performing 150 experiments in each group, and counting the survival rate after one month of planting and whether root rot and disease and insect damage happen to new roots, wherein the results are shown in table 1; wherein whether the new root has root rot or not and the pest and disease damage condition is divided into:
+++: the proportion of plants without rotten roots and diseases and insect pests is more than or equal to 90 percent;
++: the proportion of plants with rotten roots or diseases and insect pests is 50-90% (excluding 90%);
+: the proportion of plants with rotten roots or diseases and insect pests is less than 50 percent;
TABLE 1
| Item | Example 1 | Example 2 | Example 3 | Example 4 |
| Survival rate (%) | 98.67 | 99.33 | 100.00 | 99.33 |
| New root situation | +++ | +++ | +++ | +++ |
| Number of rotten root | —— | —— | —— | —— |
| Number of plants suffering from diseases and insect pests | 5 | 2 | —— | —— |
Experimental example 2
Planting according to the method of the embodiment 1-4, and meanwhile, setting a control group 1 (the leaf fertilizer is biogas slurry, the others are the same as those in the embodiment 3), a control group 2 (the petiolin is replaced by amino acid, the others are the same as those in the embodiment 3), and a control group 3 (the petiolin is replaced by gibberellin, and the others are the same as those in the embodiment 3); and then, randomly selecting 20 strong dendrobium officinale in each group for chlorophyll detection, wherein the specific steps are as follows: removing veins, using 0.2cm2The round sampler is used for beating the leaves into small round pieces, after the small round pieces are uniformly mixed, about 0.5g of the small round pieces are accurately weighed respectively, the small round pieces are placed into a test tube of 25ml, 95% ethanol is added, after the small round pieces are plugged, the test tube is placed at 25 ℃ and is treated in the dark for 24 hours, then the light absorption values of all groups of chlorophyll extracting solutions at 645nm and 663nm are measured, and Ca is 12.7A663-2.69A 645, Cb is 22.9A645-4.68A663, and the total concentration of chlorophyll is C is Ca + Cb; the spectrophotometry is DU800 type; the results are shown in table 2:
Claims (10)
1. a living tree epiphytic cultivation method of dendrobium officinale is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) hardening off seedlings
Moving the bottle seedlings which grow robustly and reach the planting standard to a greenhouse for hardening seedlings for 6-8d to obtain tissue culture seedlings;
(2) emergence of seedlings
Taking out the tissue culture seedlings, washing the tissue culture seedlings with clear water, soaking the tissue culture seedlings in potassium permanganate with the mass concentration of 1-1.5%, and airing the tissue culture seedlings in a cool and ventilated place until the roots turn white;
(3) transplanting
Transplanting the seedlings to a culture medium for natural culture in 3-5 months;
(4) under forest planting
5-6 dendrobium officinale seedlings which are transplanted for 1 year are integrally clung to the concave part or flat part of a trunk, are bound and fixed along the middle part of the trunk by using hemp ropes, and then are planted in a pine tree, a camphor tree, a pear tree or a longan tree forest;
(5) management of field
Temperature, humidity and illumination
The illumination intensity is 5000-10000Lx, the growth temperature is 8-35 ℃, and the humidity is controlled at 60-80%;
management of fertilizer and water
After planting, the dendrobium officinale seedlings are completely watered to the surface of the matrix, and then watering is carried out only by keeping the matrix wet; controlling watering frequency to be 1 time in summer and 1 time in winter for 7 days, and alternately applying urea aqueous solution and potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution after new roots sprout; after 1-2 months, the leaf hypertrophy can be promoted by applying slow-release granular fertilizer aqueous solution and spraying foliar fertilizer;
(6) pest control
The main diseases and pests of the dendrobium officinale are common anthracnose, snails, slugs and the like of orchidaceae plants, and after the dendrobium officinale is planted, 1 time of bactericide can be sprayed every 10 days if the diseases and pests occur.
2. The method for epiphytic cultivation of living trees of dendrobium officinale as claimed in claim 1, wherein the planting standard is as follows: the seedlings with the root promoting function are inoculated into bottle seedlings for 3-5 months, the height of the seedlings is 3-6cm, 4-5 roots are provided, the roots are 3-5cm long, the seedlings are white and slightly greenish, a certain number of leaves are provided, yellow leaves are not provided, the leaf color is normal, and plants are normal and have no variation.
3. The method for epiphytic cultivation of living dendrobium officinale as claimed in claim 1, wherein the cultivation substrate is one or more of peat soil, aquatic weeds, bark and wood shavings.
4. The method for epiphytic cultivation of living dendrobium officinale as claimed in claim 1, wherein the cultivation medium is steamed with high temperature steam or boiled with boiled water for 20-25min before use, and then taken out to be naturally cooled and dried for later use.
5. The method for epiphytic cultivation of living trees for dendrobium officinale as claimed in claim 1, wherein the mass concentration of the urea aqueous solution is 0.3-0.5%, the dosage is 5-10ml per plant, and the spraying frequency is 15d per time.
6. The method for epiphytic cultivation of living dendrobium officinale as claimed in claim 1, wherein the mass concentration of the potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution is 1.5-3.5%, the dosage is 8-12ml per plant, and the spraying frequency is 15 d/time.
7. The method for epiphytic cultivation of living dendrobium officinale as claimed in claim 1, wherein the slow release granular fertilizer water solution is prepared from the following components in parts by mass: 3-9 parts of calcium superphosphate, 2-3 parts of ammonium bicarbonate, 5-8 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 1-5 parts of ammonium sulfate, 4-7 parts of urea, 1-2 parts of dry cow dung and 3-6 parts of starch.
8. The method for epiphytic cultivation of living trees of dendrobium officinale as claimed in claim 1, wherein the preparation method of the slow release granule fertilizer water solution comprises the following steps: grinding calcium superphosphate, mixing with ammonium bicarbonate and ammonium sulfate, standing at 40-50 deg.C for 6-8 hr, adding urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, dried cow dung and starch, mixing, and extruding for granulation.
9. The method for epiphytic cultivation of living trees for dendrobium officinale as claimed in claim 1, wherein the slow release granular fertilizer water solution has a mass concentration of 20-30% and a dosage of 13-15ml per plant, and is not sprayed any more after the spraying frequency is continuously sprayed for 3 days.
10. The method for epiphytic cultivation of living trees of dendrobium officinale as claimed in claim 1, wherein the foliar fertilizer is prepared from biogas slurry and bengal according to a mass ratio of (15-20): 1, diluting by 800 times and 2000 times, wherein the dosage of the leaf fertilizer is 5-10ml per plant, and the spraying frequency is 15d per time.
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