CN113890488A - Millimeter wave broadband single-balance down converter and frequency conversion method - Google Patents
Millimeter wave broadband single-balance down converter and frequency conversion method Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03D—DEMODULATION OR TRANSFERENCE OF MODULATION FROM ONE CARRIER TO ANOTHER
- H03D7/00—Transference of modulation from one carrier to another, e.g. frequency-changing
- H03D7/16—Multiple-frequency-changing
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
- H01P5/00—Coupling devices of the waveguide type
- H01P5/08—Coupling devices of the waveguide type for linking dissimilar lines or devices
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
- H01P5/00—Coupling devices of the waveguide type
- H01P5/12—Coupling devices having more than two ports
- H01P5/16—Conjugate devices, i.e. devices having at least one port decoupled from one other port
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Abstract
The invention discloses a millimeter wave broadband single-balance down converter and a frequency conversion method.A ridge fin line transition structure comprises two waveguide-microstrip-ridge fin line transitions; the radio frequency local oscillator matching circuit structure comprises two radio frequency local oscillator matching circuits; the reverse T-shaped diode pair is provided with a b contact, a c contact and an a contact; the input port of the waveguide coupler is connected with a radio frequency signal, the isolation port is connected with a local oscillator signal, the through port is connected with a contact b after passing through a waveguide-microstrip-pair ridged fin line transition and a radio frequency local oscillator matching circuit in sequence, the coupling port is connected with a contact c after passing through another waveguide-microstrip-pair ridged fin line transition and another radio frequency local oscillator matching circuit in sequence, the contact a is connected with the input end of the low-pass filter through the intermediate frequency matching circuit, and the intermediate frequency end of the low-pass filter outputs an intermediate frequency signal. The waveguide coupler ensures the working frequency bandwidth of radio frequency and local oscillation signals; and a radio frequency local oscillator matching circuit and a medium frequency matching circuit are arranged, so that the frequency conversion loss is reduced, and the millimeter wave broadband receiver is suitable for millimeter wave broadband receivers.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of broadband single-balanced mixers, in particular to a millimeter wave broadband single-balanced down converter and a frequency conversion method.
Background
The millimeter wave receiving front end is widely applied to nearly all millimeter wave application systems such as communication, radar and the like, solves the problem of frequency conversion of signals, is a core component of the system, and mainly comprises key devices such as a mixer, a filter, an amplifier and the like. The millimeter wave mixer is a core device at the receiving front end, and has the function of down-converting a millimeter wave radio frequency signal to an intermediate frequency signal to realize downward shifting of a frequency spectrum, and the quality of technical indexes of the millimeter wave mixer greatly influences the overall performance of a millimeter wave system. Therefore, the development of a high-performance millimeter wave mixer is one of the key research directions of millimeter wave and terahertz technology.
A 90 ° single balanced mixer is one of the mixers, combining two single port mixers together using a 90 ° hybrid network, conceptually with a wide frequency range, and obtaining perfect input matching at the RF (radio frequency) port, and removing all even-order intermodulation products. For a 90-degree single-balanced mixer, microstrip line branch line couplers are generally adopted as a 90-degree mixing network in domestic and foreign published reports, but the couplers are difficult to apply to millimeter wave frequency bands, and the development of the 90-degree single-balanced mixer is limited.
The invention patent application with publication number CN101510757A discloses a millimeter wave monolithic quadrature down converter, which reduces the frequency conversion loss of the whole monolithic quadrature down converter without increasing the chip area by introducing a low-noise amplification unit at the RF input port of the radio frequency signal.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: the millimeter wave broadband single-balance down converter and the frequency conversion method have simple structures and can provide low frequency conversion loss.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a millimeter wave broadband single-balance down converter comprises a waveguide coupler, a ridge-fin line transition structure, a radio frequency local oscillator matching circuit structure, a reverse T-shaped diode pair, an intermediate frequency matching circuit and a low-pass filter;
the pair of ridge-fin line transition structures comprises two waveguide-microstrip pair ridge-fin line transitions; the radio frequency local oscillator matching circuit structure comprises two radio frequency local oscillator matching circuits, wherein each radio frequency local oscillator matching circuit is composed of at least one section of microstrip transmission line; the reverse T-shaped diode pair is provided with a b contact, a c contact and an a contact; the intermediate frequency matching circuit comprises at least one section of microstrip transmission line;
the input port of the waveguide coupler is connected with a radio frequency signal, the isolation port is connected with a local oscillator signal, the through port is connected with the b contact after passing through one waveguide-microstrip-pair ridge fin line transition and one radio frequency local oscillator matching circuit in sequence, the coupling port is connected with the c contact after passing through the other waveguide-microstrip-pair ridge fin line transition and the other radio frequency local oscillator matching circuit in sequence, the a contact is connected with the input end of the low-pass filter through the intermediate frequency matching circuit, and the intermediate frequency end of the low-pass filter outputs an intermediate frequency signal.
The advantages are that: the waveguide coupler of the invention forms a 90-degree hybrid network, so that the working frequency bandwidth of radio frequency and local oscillation signals of the invention is ensured; the ridge-fin line transition structure not only realizes broadband waveguide microstrip conversion, but also provides grounding for broadband intermediate frequency and direct current signals, and simultaneously inhibits partial harmonic signals; and two radio frequency local oscillator matching circuits and an intermediate frequency matching circuit are arranged, so that the frequency conversion loss of the invention is reduced, and the invention is suitable for a millimeter wave broadband receiver.
Preferably, the waveguide coupler adopts an E-plane branch line bridge structure.
Preferably, the number of branches of the E-plane branch line bridge structure is seven branches.
Preferably, the radio frequency local oscillator matching circuit comprises 3 sections of microstrip transmission lines connected in series.
Preferably, the reverse T-type diode pair includes a first schottky diode and a second schottky diode, a cathode of the first schottky diode is connected to an anode of the second schottky diode, a common end of the first schottky diode and the second schottky diode is the a-junction, an anode of the first schottky diode is the b-junction, and a cathode of the second schottky diode is the c-junction.
Preferably, the intermediate frequency matching circuit comprises 1 segment of microstrip transmission line.
Preferably, the low-pass filter adopts a CMRC structure.
The invention also discloses a frequency conversion method adopting the millimeter wave broadband single-balanced down converter, wherein a radio frequency signal is input from an input port of the waveguide coupler, the radio frequency signal with equal amplitude and 90-degree phase difference is obtained at a through port and a coupling port, a local oscillator signal is input from an isolation port of the waveguide coupler, and the local oscillator signal with equal amplitude and 90-degree phase difference is obtained at the through port and the coupling port; the radio frequency signal and the local oscillator signal of the coupling port are transmitted to a contact b of a reverse T-shaped diode pair through another waveguide-microstrip pair ridge fin line transition and another radio frequency local oscillator matching circuit, the radio frequency signal and the local oscillator signal are transmitted to a contact c of the reverse T-shaped diode pair, the radio frequency signal and the local oscillator signal complete efficient balanced frequency mixing in the reverse T-shaped diode pair, and the reverse T-shaped diode pair outputs the generated intermediate frequency signal from an interface a; the intermediate frequency signal is transmitted to the input end of the low-pass filter through the intermediate frequency matching circuit, and the intermediate frequency end of the low-pass filter outputs the intermediate frequency signal.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the waveguide coupler of the invention forms a 90-degree hybrid network, and the waveguide coupler adopting a multi-branch structure has radio frequency and local oscillation signal broadband working performance, thereby realizing a broadband frequency mixer.
(2) The ridge-fin line transition structure not only realizes broadband waveguide microstrip conversion, but also provides grounding for broadband intermediate frequency and direct current signals, and simultaneously inhibits partial harmonic signals.
(3) The two radio frequency local oscillator matching circuits and the intermediate frequency matching circuit of the invention realize low frequency conversion loss. And optimizing the sizes of the two radio frequency local oscillator matching circuits and the intermediate frequency matching circuit so as to obtain the optimal frequency conversion loss. The invention can carry out down-conversion in a broadband with lower frequency conversion loss and is suitable for a millimeter wave broadband receiver.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic overall structure diagram of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a waveguide coupler according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a graph of simulation results of phase imbalance and amplitude imbalance for a waveguide coupler according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a graph of simulation results for S-parameters of a waveguide coupler according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a diagram of a simulation result of frequency conversion loss at a fixed local oscillator signal frequency of 57GHz according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a diagram of a simulation result of frequency conversion loss at a fixed local oscillator signal frequency of 67GHz according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating simulation results of frequency conversion loss at a fixed IF signal frequency of 8GHz according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating simulation results of frequency conversion loss at a fixed IF signal frequency of 19GHz according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to facilitate the understanding of the technical solutions of the present invention for those skilled in the art, the technical solutions of the present invention will be further described with reference to the drawings attached to the specification.
The terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the present application, "a plurality" means two or more unless specifically limited otherwise.
Referring to fig. 1, the present embodiment discloses a millimeter wave broadband single-balanced down converter, which includes a waveguide coupler 1, a pair ridge-fin line transition structure 2, a radio frequency local oscillation matching circuit structure 3, a reverse T-type diode pair 4, an intermediate frequency matching circuit 5, and a low pass filter 6;
in the embodiment, the design of each unit circuit is specifically described by taking a 67-85 GHz single-balanced down converter as an example, and the design is also effective for the design of other frequency bands.
The mixer design criteria include:
the radio frequency is 67-85 GHz, the intermediate frequency is 9.4-18 GHz, and the local oscillation frequency is 57.6-67 GHz.
The waveguide coupler 1 comprises an input port, an isolation port, a through port and a coupling port, wherein the input port is used as a radio-frequency signal port of the mixer, a radio-frequency signal can be input from the input port, and radio-frequency signals with equal amplitude and 90-degree phase difference are obtained at the through port and the coupling port; the isolation port is used as a local oscillator signal port of the frequency mixer, local oscillator signals can be input from the isolation port, and local oscillator signals with equal amplitude and 90-degree phase difference are obtained at the through port and the coupling port.
The ridge-fin line transition structure 2 comprises two waveguide-microstrip-ridge-fin line transitions, and the transition structure not only realizes the conversion and impedance matching of radio frequency signals and local oscillation signals from waveguide transmission to microstrip transmission, but also provides grounding for broadband intermediate frequency and direct current signals, and simultaneously inhibits partial harmonic signals.
The radio frequency local oscillator matching circuit structure 3 comprises two radio frequency local oscillator matching circuits, and the radio frequency local oscillator matching circuits can be formed by at least one section of microstrip transmission line. The less the number of sections of the microstrip transmission line of the structure is, the simpler the circuit structure is, but the poorer the matching performance is; the more the number of segments, the better the matching performance, but the more complex the circuit structure. By comprehensively considering the complexity and the performance of the circuit structure, the radio frequency local oscillator matching circuit is formed by connecting 3 sections of microstrip transmission lines in series, and the circuit structure is simpler under the condition of ensuring good matching performance.
The impedance matching of the radio frequency signal and the local oscillator signal can be realized by adjusting the length and the width of each section of microstrip transmission line of the radio frequency local oscillator matching circuit, so that the frequency conversion loss is reduced. Therefore, the size of the microstrip transmission line of the radio frequency local oscillator matching circuit is optimized in the design process, and the optimal frequency conversion loss is obtained.
The reverse T-type diode pair 4 includes a first schottky diode 41 and a second schottky diode 42, a cathode of the first schottky diode 41 is connected to an anode of the second schottky diode 42, a common terminal of the first schottky diode 41 and the second schottky diode 42 is a-junction, an anode of the first schottky diode 41 is a b-junction, and a cathode of the second schottky diode 42 is a c-junction. The radio frequency signal and the local oscillator signal can complete high-efficiency balanced frequency mixing in the reverse T-shaped diode pair 4.
The intermediate frequency matching circuit 5 comprises at least one section of microstrip transmission line; in order to ensure that the intermediate frequency matching circuit 5 has a simple structure and a better matching performance, the intermediate frequency matching circuit 5 of the present embodiment includes 1 segment of microstrip transmission line. The impedance matching of the intermediate frequency signal can be realized by adjusting the length and the width of the microstrip transmission line of the intermediate frequency matching circuit 5, so that the frequency conversion loss is reduced, and therefore, the size of the microstrip transmission line of the intermediate frequency matching circuit 5 is optimized in the design process, and the optimal frequency conversion loss is obtained.
Therefore, in order to obtain lower frequency conversion loss, the sizes of the radio frequency local oscillation matching circuit structure 3 and the radio frequency matching circuit 5 of the present embodiment may be optimized at the same time.
The low-pass filter 6 adopts a CMRC structure, an input end of the low-pass filter is connected with an output end of the intermediate frequency matching circuit 5 and used for receiving a signal at the output end of the intermediate frequency matching circuit 5, and an intermediate frequency end serves as an intermediate frequency output end of the mixer to output an intermediate frequency signal. The low pass filter 6 may pass the intermediate frequency signal and suppress the radio frequency signal, the local oscillator signal and a part of the harmonic signal.
The input port of the waveguide coupler 1 is connected with a radio frequency signal, the isolation port is connected with a local oscillator signal, the through port is connected with a contact b after passing through a waveguide-microstrip-pair ridged fin line transition and a radio frequency local oscillator matching circuit in sequence, the coupling port is connected with a contact c after passing through another waveguide-microstrip-pair ridged fin line transition and another radio frequency local oscillator matching circuit in sequence, the contact a is connected with the input end of the low-pass filter 6 through the intermediate frequency matching circuit 5, and the intermediate frequency end of the low-pass filter 6 outputs an intermediate frequency signal.
In the specific working process of this embodiment, a radio frequency signal is input from the input port of the waveguide coupler 1, a radio frequency signal with equal amplitude and a phase difference of 90 ° is obtained at the through port and the coupling port, a local oscillation signal is input from the isolation port of the waveguide coupler 1, and a local oscillation signal with equal amplitude and a phase difference of 90 ° is obtained at the through port and the coupling port. The radio frequency signal and the local oscillator signal of the through port are transmitted to a b contact of a reverse T-shaped diode pair 4 through a waveguide-microstrip-to-ridge fin line transition and a radio frequency local oscillator matching circuit, the radio frequency signal and the local oscillator signal of the coupling port are transmitted to a c contact of the reverse T-shaped diode pair 4 through another waveguide-microstrip-to-ridge fin line transition and another radio frequency local oscillator matching circuit, grounding is provided for broadband intermediate frequency and direct current signals for the ridge fin line transition structure 2, partial harmonic signals are restrained, the radio frequency local oscillator matching circuit structure 3 reduces the frequency conversion loss of the signals, the radio frequency signal and the local oscillator signal complete efficient balanced frequency mixing in the reverse T-shaped diode pair 4, and the generated intermediate frequency signal is output from an a interface by the reverse T-shaped diode pair 4. The intermediate frequency signal is transmitted to the input end of the low pass filter 6 through the intermediate frequency matching circuit 5, the intermediate frequency matching circuit 5 reduces the frequency conversion loss of the intermediate frequency signal, and since the low pass filter 6 can pass the intermediate frequency signal and suppress the radio frequency signal, the local oscillator signal and part of the harmonic signal, the signal passes through the intermediate frequency end of the low pass filter 6 to output the intermediate frequency signal.
Referring to fig. 2, in a specific case of this embodiment, the waveguide coupler 1 is a 3dB directional coupler with an E-plane branch line bridge structure, and the structure realizes coupling of electromagnetic waves by arranging a plurality of branch line bridges with equal lengths on one side of a common wide wall of adjacent waveguides, where the main structural parameters are: branch line width, length, adjacent branch line center spacing, and branch line number. Increasing the number of branch lines can effectively increase the operating bandwidth of the waveguide coupler 1, but also correspondingly results in narrowing the width of the branch lines, which increases the processing difficulty. The waveguide coupler 1 of the present embodiment adopts a seven-branch structure, and the operating bandwidth of the waveguide coupler 1 is maximally improved within the allowable range of the processing conditions.
Therefore, in the structure, the waveguide coupler 1 forms a 90-degree hybrid network, and the waveguide coupler 1 adopting a multi-branch structure has radio frequency and local oscillation signal broadband working performance, so that the broadband frequency mixer is realized.
From the design indexes of the mixer, the waveguide coupler 1 of the present embodiment can operate in the frequency band of 57.6 to 85 GHz. In fig. 3, the curve represented by the triangle is the phase imbalance, and the curve represented by the square is the amplitude imbalance, and it can be seen from the figure that the amplitude imbalance of the through port and the coupled port is less than 1.3dB, and the phase imbalance is 89.2-91.2 degrees. In fig. 4, the curve 1 is S (1,1), the curve 2 is S (1,2), the curve 3 is S (1,3), and the curve 4 is S (1,4), and it can be seen from the figure that the return loss of the input port is greater than 18dB, the isolation is greater than 16dB, and the transmission loss is 2.5 to 3.8 dB. It can be seen that the waveguide coupler 1 of the present embodiment can satisfy the design requirements.
Fig. 5 to fig. 8 show final frequency conversion loss simulation results of this embodiment, where fig. 5 is a frequency conversion loss simulation result diagram with a fixed local oscillator signal frequency of 57GHz, fig. 6 is a frequency conversion loss simulation result diagram with a fixed local oscillator signal frequency of 67GHz, fig. 7 is a frequency conversion loss simulation result diagram with a fixed intermediate frequency signal frequency of 8GHz, and fig. 8 is a frequency conversion loss simulation result diagram with a fixed intermediate frequency signal frequency of 19 GHz. As can be seen from the figure, when the radio frequency signal of the embodiment is within the frequency band range of 67-85 GHz, the frequency conversion loss can reach 5.1-7.6 dB, the local oscillator signal can work between 57-67 GHz, and the intermediate frequency signal can work between 8-19 GHz, so that the application requirement of broadband down conversion of the frequency band can be met.
It will be evident to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrative embodiments, and that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein, and any reference signs in the claims are not intended to be construed as limiting the claim concerned.
The above-mentioned embodiments only represent embodiments of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these embodiments are all within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A millimeter wave broadband single-balanced down converter is characterized in that: the device comprises a waveguide coupler (1), a ridge-fin line transition structure (2), a radio frequency local oscillator matching circuit structure (3), a reverse T-shaped diode pair (4), an intermediate frequency matching circuit (5) and a low-pass filter (6);
the pair of ridge-fin line transition structures (2) comprises two waveguide-microstrip pair ridge-fin line transitions; the radio frequency local oscillator matching circuit structure (3) comprises two radio frequency local oscillator matching circuits, and each radio frequency local oscillator matching circuit is composed of at least one section of microstrip transmission line; the reverse T-shaped diode pair (4) is provided with a b contact, a c contact and an a contact; the intermediate frequency matching circuit (5) comprises at least one section of microstrip transmission line;
the input port of the waveguide coupler (1) is connected with a radio frequency signal, the isolation port is connected with a local oscillator signal, the through port is connected with the b contact after passing through one waveguide-microstrip-to-ridged fin line transition and one radio frequency local oscillator matching circuit in sequence, the coupling port is connected with the c contact after passing through the other waveguide-microstrip-to-ridged fin line transition and the other radio frequency local oscillator matching circuit in sequence, the a contact is connected with the input end of the low-pass filter (6) through the intermediate frequency matching circuit (5), and the intermediate frequency end of the low-pass filter (6) outputs an intermediate frequency signal.
2. The millimeter wave wideband single-balanced down converter of claim 1, wherein: the waveguide coupler (1) adopts an E-plane branch line bridge structure.
3. The millimeter wave wideband single-balanced down converter of claim 2, wherein: the branch number of the E-plane branch line bridge structure is seven branches.
4. The millimeter wave wideband single-balanced down converter of claim 1, wherein: the radio frequency local oscillator matching circuit comprises 3 sections of microstrip transmission lines connected in series.
5. The millimeter wave wideband single-balanced down converter of claim 1, wherein: the reverse T-shaped diode pair (4) comprises a first Schottky diode (41) and a second Schottky diode (42), the cathode of the first Schottky diode (41) is connected with the anode of the second Schottky diode (42), the common end of the first Schottky diode (41) and the second Schottky diode (42) is the a contact, the anode of the first Schottky diode (41) is the b contact, and the cathode of the second Schottky diode (42) is the c contact.
6. The millimeter wave wideband single-balanced down converter of claim 1, wherein: the intermediate frequency matching circuit (5) comprises 1 segment of microstrip transmission line.
7. The millimeter wave wideband single-balanced down converter of claim 1, wherein: the low-pass filter (6) adopts a CMRC structure.
8. A method of frequency conversion using a millimeter wave wideband single balanced down converter as claimed in any of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: the radio frequency signal is input from an input port of the waveguide coupler (1), the radio frequency signal with equal amplitude and 90-degree phase difference is obtained at a through port and a coupling port, the local oscillator signal is input from an isolation port of the waveguide coupler (1), and the local oscillator signal with equal amplitude and 90-degree phase difference is obtained at the through port and the coupling port; the radio frequency signal and the local oscillator signal of the through port are transmitted to a b contact of a reverse T-shaped diode pair (4) through a waveguide-microstrip pair ridge fin line transition and a radio frequency local oscillator matching circuit, the radio frequency signal and the local oscillator signal of the coupling port are transmitted to a c contact of the reverse T-shaped diode pair (4) through another waveguide-microstrip pair ridge fin line transition and another radio frequency local oscillator matching circuit, the radio frequency signal and the local oscillator signal complete high-efficiency balanced frequency mixing in the reverse T-shaped diode pair (4), and the generated intermediate frequency signal is output from an a interface by the reverse T-shaped diode pair (4); the intermediate frequency signal is transmitted to the input end of a low-pass filter (6) through an intermediate frequency matching circuit (5), and the intermediate frequency end of the low-pass filter (6) outputs the intermediate frequency signal.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114639934A (en) * | 2022-05-19 | 2022-06-17 | 四川太赫兹通信有限公司 | Terahertz branch waveguide directional coupler |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114639934A (en) * | 2022-05-19 | 2022-06-17 | 四川太赫兹通信有限公司 | Terahertz branch waveguide directional coupler |
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