CN113890148A - Battery short-circuit protection circuit and battery charging and discharging circuit - Google Patents
Battery short-circuit protection circuit and battery charging and discharging circuit Download PDFInfo
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- CN113890148A CN113890148A CN202111161835.1A CN202111161835A CN113890148A CN 113890148 A CN113890148 A CN 113890148A CN 202111161835 A CN202111161835 A CN 202111161835A CN 113890148 A CN113890148 A CN 113890148A
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- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 87
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims description 49
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- 230000007274 generation of a signal involved in cell-cell signaling Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 16
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 9
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
- H02J7/00304—Overcurrent protection
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
- H02J7/0031—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits using battery or load disconnect circuits
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
- H02J7/00712—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters
- H02J7/007182—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters in response to battery voltage
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Abstract
The application provides a battery short-circuit protection circuit and battery charge and discharge circuit. The battery short-circuit protection circuit is applied to a battery charging and discharging circuit and used for protecting the battery charging and discharging circuit when a battery pack in the battery charging and discharging circuit is in short circuit. The battery short-circuit protection circuit may include an input circuit and a driving circuit. The input circuit is used for acquiring a first voltage signal of the loop control unit. After the input circuit acquires the first voltage signal, a second voltage signal is generated according to the first voltage signal. The driving circuit obtains a second voltage signal from the input circuit. When the second voltage signal is greater than the preset threshold, the driving circuit may cut off a discharging driving signal sent to the discharging transistor by the controller in the loop control unit, so as to turn off the discharging transistor in the loop control unit, and disconnect the battery charging and discharging circuit. The method improves the efficiency of battery short-circuit protection.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the field of battery protection, in particular to a battery short-circuit protection circuit and a battery charging and discharging circuit.
Background
In the field of energy storage, lithium batteries are widely used as important electric energy storage tools. In energy storage systems, the battery pack is usually obtained by connecting a plurality of lithium batteries in series and parallel. Once the lithium battery in the battery pack is short-circuited, safety accidents such as fire of an energy storage system are easily caused.
In the prior art, in order to avoid safety accidents caused by short circuit of lithium batteries in a battery pack, the short-circuit protection execution circuit is driven to disconnect the charging and discharging power by conditioning the voltage of the circuit, so that the short-circuit batteries are protected in an energy storage system.
However, the short-circuit protection execution circuit in the prior art has the problem of low protection efficiency.
Disclosure of Invention
The application provides a battery short-circuit protection circuit and battery charge and discharge circuit for solve the short-circuit protection executive circuit in the technique, there is the problem that protection efficiency is low.
In a first aspect, the present application provides a battery short-circuit protection circuit, including:
the input end of the input circuit is used as the input end of the battery short-circuit protection circuit, the input end of the input circuit is used for being connected with the loop end of the loop control unit, the input circuit is used for acquiring a first voltage signal of the loop end of the loop control unit and generating a second voltage signal according to the first voltage signal;
and the input end of the driving circuit is connected with the output end of the input circuit, the control end of the driving circuit is used as the control end of the battery open-circuit protection circuit, and the control end of the driving circuit is used for being connected with the discharging driving end of the loop control unit and used for intercepting the discharging driving signal of the loop control unit when the second voltage signal is greater than a preset threshold value so as to disconnect the battery charging and discharging circuit where the loop control unit is located.
Optionally, the input circuit comprises:
the voltage division circuit is used for connecting the loop end of the loop control unit, acquiring the first voltage signal and performing voltage division processing on the first voltage signal to generate a third voltage signal;
and the input end of the signal generating circuit is connected with the output end of the voltage dividing circuit, and the output end of the signal generating circuit is used as the output end of the input circuit and is used for generating and outputting the second voltage signal according to the third voltage signal.
Optionally, the voltage divider circuit includes:
the first end of the first capacitor is used for connecting one end of the loop control unit, the first end of the first capacitor is used as the first end of the output end of the voltage division circuit, and the first capacitor is used for dividing and absorbing interference signals in the circuit;
and the first end of the second capacitor is connected with the second end of the first capacitor and then serves as the second end of the output end of the voltage division circuit, the second end of the second capacitor is used for being connected with the other end of the loop control unit, and the second capacitor is used for dividing voltage and absorbing interference signals in the circuit.
Optionally, the signal generating circuit comprises:
a first resistor having a first terminal as a first terminal of the input terminal of the signal generation circuit;
and a second resistor, a first end of which is connected with a second end of the first resistor to form an output end of the signal generating circuit, and a second end of which is used as a second end of the input end of the signal generating circuit.
Optionally, the driving circuit comprises:
and a first end of the transistor is used as an input end of the driving circuit, a second end of the transistor is used for being connected with one end of loop ends of the loop control unit, and a third end of the transistor is used as a control end of the driving circuit.
Optionally, the transistor is an NPN type triode transistor or an NPN type darlington transistor.
Optionally, the driving circuit further comprises:
and the third resistor is connected with the third end of the transistor and then used as the control end of the driving circuit.
Optionally, the first capacitor is a high withstand voltage capacitor; the second capacitor is a high withstand voltage capacitor.
In a second aspect, the present application provides a battery charging and discharging circuit, comprising: a loop control unit, a voltage conversion unit and a battery short-circuit protection circuit according to any one of claims 1 to 8;
the circuit control unit is connected with the voltage conversion unit in series and then is used for being connected with a battery to form a charging and discharging circuit;
the input end of the battery short-circuit protection circuit is connected with the loop end of the loop control unit, and the control end of the battery short-circuit protection circuit is connected with the discharging drive end of the loop control unit.
Optionally, the loop control unit comprises:
a charging transistor having a first terminal as one of the loop terminals of the loop control unit;
a second end of the discharging transistor is connected with a second end of the charging transistor, a first end of the discharging transistor is used as the other end of the loop control unit, and a third end of the discharging transistor is used as a discharging driving end of the loop control unit;
and the first output end of the controller is connected with the control end of the charging transistor, and the second output end of the controller is connected with the control end of the discharging transistor, and is used for sending a charging driving signal to the charging transistor and sending a discharging driving signal to the discharging transistor so as to drive the charging transistor and the discharging transistor to work.
The application provides a battery short-circuit protection circuit and battery charge and discharge circuit. The battery short-circuit protection circuit may include an input circuit and a driving circuit. The input end of the input circuit is the input end of the battery short-circuit protection circuit. The input end of the input circuit is connected with the loop end of the loop control unit. The input circuit obtains a first voltage signal of the loop control unit through the input end. After the input circuit acquires the first voltage signal, a second voltage signal is generated according to the first voltage signal. The input end of the driving circuit is connected with the output end of the input circuit. The control end of the driving circuit is the control end of the battery open-circuit protection circuit. The control end of the driving circuit is connected with the discharging driving end of the discharging transistor in the loop control unit. When the second voltage signal obtained at the input end of the driving circuit is greater than the preset threshold, the driving circuit may cut off the discharge driving signal sent by the controller to the discharge transistor in the loop control unit. The discharge transistor in the loop control unit is turned off because the discharge driving signal is not received, so that the battery charging and discharging circuit is disconnected. The battery short-circuit protection circuit can monitor whether the battery in the battery charging and discharging circuit is short-circuited or not in real time by monitoring the voltage drop of the loop control unit, and realize that the battery charging and discharging circuit is quickly disconnected when the short-circuit occurs so as to protect the battery charging and discharging circuit.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the present application or the prior art, the drawings needed for the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery charging/discharging circuit according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an input circuit according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery charging/discharging circuit according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery charging/discharging circuit according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a loop control unit according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
Detailed Description
To make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present application clearer, the technical solutions in the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the present application, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all embodiments of the present application. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.
The terms "first," "second," "third," "fourth," and the like in the description and in the claims of the present application and in the above-described drawings are used for distinguishing between similar elements and not necessarily for describing a particular sequential or chronological order. It will be appreciated that the data so used may be interchanged where appropriate. For example, first information may also be referred to as second information, and similarly, second information may also be referred to as first information, without departing from the scope herein.
The word "if" as used herein may be interpreted as "at … …" or "when … …" or "in response to a determination", depending on the context.
Also, as used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context indicates otherwise.
It will be further understood that the terms "comprises," "comprising," "includes" and/or "including," when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, elements, components, items, species, and/or groups, but do not preclude the presence, or addition of one or more other features, steps, operations, elements, components, items, species, and/or groups thereof.
The terms "or" and/or "as used herein are to be construed as inclusive or meaning any one or any combination. Thus, "A, B or C" or "A, B and/or C" means "any of the following: a; b; c; a and B; a and C; b and C; A. b and C ". An exception to this definition will occur only when a combination of elements, functions, steps or operations are inherently mutually exclusive in some way.
In the field of energy storage, lithium batteries are widely used as important electric energy storage tools. Meanwhile, the widespread use of lithium batteries also brings about some problems. In energy storage systems, the battery pack is usually obtained by connecting a plurality of lithium batteries in series and parallel. Once a short circuit occurs in one lithium battery in the battery pack, the battery pack is very easy to cause safety accidents such as fire of an energy storage system. Therefore, a battery short-circuit protection circuit is usually designed in the battery pack for safety monitoring. The conventional battery short-circuit protection circuit usually needs to make great changes to the PACK structure, a main control circuit board and other parts of the battery. In addition, in the conventional battery short-circuit protection circuit, an ultra-fast fuse is generally used to realize protection after short-circuit. This very fast fuse that melts is disposable consumables, all will fuse after protecting the circuit at every turn to need the staff to go to the field and change. And the cost of the ultra fast fusing fuse is high. Therefore, the ultra-fast-melting fuse has the problems of high use cost and low use efficiency in the battery short-circuit protection circuit. In addition, in the existing battery short-circuit protection circuit, a comparator can be used for detecting an overcurrent signal, so that short-circuit protection is realized. However, the comparator takes about 60us of time from the detection of the overcurrent signal to the operation of turning off the MOS, which causes a problem of low protection efficiency.
In view of the above problems, the present application provides a battery short-circuit protection circuit applied to a battery charging and discharging circuit. The battery short-circuit protection circuit comprises an input circuit and a drive circuit. The input end of the input circuit is the input end of the battery short-circuit protection circuit. The input end of the input circuit is connected with the loop end of a loop control unit in the battery charging and discharging circuit. The loop control unit may include a charge transistor, a discharge transistor, and a controller. The input circuit can obtain a first voltage signal of the loop end of the loop control unit through the input end. The first voltage signal is used for indicating the voltage of the loop control unit in the execution process. The input circuit includes a plurality of capacitors and resistors. The input circuit obtains a second voltage signal processed by the first voltage signal through the capacitors and the resistors. The output end of the input circuit is connected with the input end of the driving circuit. The input circuit inputs the second voltage signal into the driving circuit. The output end of the driving circuit is the output end of the battery open-circuit protection circuit. The output end of the driving circuit is connected with the driving end of a discharging transistor in the loop control unit. When the second voltage signal is larger than the preset threshold value, the driving circuit cuts off the discharging driving signal of the discharging transistor of the loop control unit. At the same time, the discharge transistor in the loop control unit is turned off, thereby disconnecting the battery charging and discharging circuit.
The technical solution of the present application will be described in detail below with specific examples. The following several specific embodiments may be combined with each other, and details of the same or similar concepts or processes may not be repeated in some embodiments.
Fig. 1 shows a schematic structural diagram of a battery short-circuit protection circuit according to an embodiment of the present application. As shown in fig. 1, the battery short-circuit protection circuit may include an input circuit and a driving circuit.
The input end of the input circuit is the input end of the battery short-circuit protection circuit. The input end of the input circuit is connected with the loop end of the loop control unit. The input circuit obtains a first voltage signal of the loop control unit through the input end. The first voltage signal is the voltage drop of the charging transistor and the discharging transistor in the loop control unit. After the input circuit acquires the first voltage signal, a second voltage signal is generated according to the first voltage signal. The second voltage signal will be input into the driver circuit via the output of the input circuit. The formula for calculating the pressure drop may include:
voltage drop as battery discharge current x (charge transistor + discharge transistor)
As shown in fig. 2, the input circuit may specifically include a voltage dividing circuit and a signal generating circuit.
The input end of the voltage division circuit is the input end of the battery short-circuit protection circuit. As shown in FIG. 2, the inputs may include two ports, BAT _0V and PACK. After the input end of the voltage division circuit acquires the first voltage signal, the first voltage signal can be subjected to voltage division through two capacitors in the voltage division circuit to generate a third voltage signal. The third voltage signal is output to the signal generating circuit through the output end of the voltage dividing circuit.
Specifically, the voltage divider circuit may include a first capacitor and a second capacitor. The first capacitor and the second capacitor are used for equally dividing the voltage in the first voltage signal acquired by the voltage dividing circuit. Meanwhile, the first capacitor and the second capacitor can be used for absorbing interference signals in the circuit. The interference signal may be a first voltage signal obtained by an input terminal of the voltage dividing circuit when the battery charging and discharging circuit is in normal use. Under the condition that the battery charging and discharging circuit is frequently used, the first voltage signal which can be obtained by the input end of the battery short-circuit protection circuit can be less than 1V. The voltage of less than 1V can be quickly absorbed by the capacitor and stored. Therefore, under normal use conditions, although the input end of the voltage division circuit of the battery short-circuit protection circuit receives the first voltage signal, the output end of the voltage division circuit does not output the third voltage signal. Therefore, under normal use conditions, the first voltage signal is an interference signal. When a lithium battery is short-circuited, the current in the battery charging and discharging circuit can reach the kiloampere level within a few microseconds. The first voltage signal input by the input end of the voltage division circuit is increased instantaneously. Moreover, the capacitor in the voltage divider circuit cannot rapidly absorb and store these voltages in a short time. At this time, the first capacitor of the voltage division circuit generates a third voltage signal. The third voltage signal is output to the signal generating circuit through the output end of the voltage dividing circuit.
Wherein the first capacitance may be as shown by C151 in fig. 2. The first end of the first capacitor is used for connecting the BAT _0V end in the loop end of the loop control unit. Meanwhile, the first end of the first capacitor is also used as the first end of the output end of the voltage division circuit. The second end of the first capacitor is connected with the first end of the second capacitor.
In one implementation, the first capacitor may have a parameter of 10N/1 KV.
Wherein the second capacitance may be as shown by C150 in fig. 2. The first end of the second capacitor is connected with the second end of the first capacitor. Meanwhile, the first end of the second capacitor is used as the second end of the output end of the voltage division circuit. The second end of the second capacitor is used for connecting a PACK-end in the loop end of the loop control unit.
In one implementation, the parameter of the second capacitor may be 1N/500V.
In one implementation, the first capacitor and the second capacitor may be high withstand voltage capacitors.
The input end of the signal generating circuit is connected with the output end of the voltage dividing circuit. The first end of the input end of the signal generating circuit is connected with the first end of the output end of the voltage dividing circuit. The second end of the input end of the signal generating circuit is connected with the second end of the output end of the voltage dividing circuit. The input terminal of the signal generating circuit may obtain the third voltage signal from the output terminal of the voltage dividing circuit. The output end of the signal generating circuit is the output end of the input circuit. The signal generating circuit is used for generating and outputting a second voltage signal according to the third voltage signal.
In particular, the signal generation circuit may particularly comprise a first resistor and a second resistor. The first resistance may be as shown at R347 in fig. 2. The second resistance may be as shown at R346 in fig. 2. The parameter of the second resistor may be 100 KF.
In one implementation, the parameter of the first resistance may be 1 MF. The first resistor may be of the type RES0603_1 MF.
In one implementation, the second resistor may be of the type RES1206 — 100 KF. The first resistor and the second resistor are connected in series.
The first end of the first resistor is the first end of the input end of the signal generating circuit. The first end of the first resistor is connected with the first end of the first capacitor. Meanwhile, the first end of the first resistor may also be a first end of an output end of the signal generation circuit. The second end of the first resistor is connected with the first end of the second resistor. Meanwhile, the first end of the second resistor may also be a second end of the output end of the signal generation circuit. The second end of the second resistor is the input end of the signal generating circuit. The second end of the second resistor is connected with the first end of the second capacitor.
Wherein the driving circuit may be as shown in fig. 3. The input end of the driving circuit is connected with the output end of the input circuit. The control end of the driving circuit is the control end of the battery open-circuit protection circuit. The control end of the driving circuit is connected with the discharging driving end of the discharging transistor in the loop control unit. When the second voltage signal acquired by the input end of the driving circuit is larger than the preset threshold value, the driving circuit is triggered. The triggered driving circuit can cut off a discharging driving signal sent to the discharging transistor by the controller in the loop control unit. The discharge transistor in the loop control unit is turned off because the discharge driving signal is not received, so that the battery charging and discharging circuit is disconnected.
The transistors in the driver circuit may be as shown in fig. 3 as Q24. The first end of the transistor is the input end of the driving circuit. The first terminal of the transistor is connected to the second terminal of the output terminal of the input circuit. That is, the first terminal of the transistor is connected to the first terminal of the second resistor. The second end of the transistor is used for being connected with the BAT _0V end of the loop control unit. In connection with this, the second terminal may also be understood as being connected to the first terminal of the output of the input circuit. The third terminal of the transistor is the control terminal of the driving circuit. In the transistor, when the first terminal of the transistor acquires a high-voltage signal, the second terminal and the third terminal of the transistor are triggered to be switched on. And when the first end of the transistor acquires a high-voltage signal, the second end of the transistor is in a low-voltage state. Therefore, when the first end of the transistor acquires the high-voltage signal and the control end of the driving circuit receives the discharge driving signal sent by the controller in the battery charging and discharging circuit, the current generated by the discharge driving signal flows to the second end of the transistor, and therefore the effect of intercepting the discharge driving signal is achieved.
In one implementation, the transistor may be of the NPN _ BCV47 type.
In one implementation, the transistor is an NPN type triode transistor or an NPN type darlington transistor.
In one implementation, the third terminal of the transistor is further connected to a third resistor. The first end of the third resistor is connected with the third end of the transistor. The second end of the third resistor is connected with the discharging driving end of the loop control unit. This third resistance may be as shown at R379 in fig. 3.
In one implementation, the third resistor may be of type RES0603_ ORJ.
The battery short-circuit protection circuit provided by the application can comprise an input circuit and a driving circuit. The input end of the input circuit is the input end of the battery short-circuit protection circuit. The input end of the input circuit is connected with the loop end of the loop control unit. The input circuit obtains a first voltage signal of the loop control unit through the input end. After the input circuit acquires the first voltage signal, a second voltage signal is generated according to the first voltage signal. The input end of the driving circuit is connected with the output end of the input circuit. The control end of the driving circuit is the control end of the battery open-circuit protection circuit. The control end of the driving circuit is connected with the discharging driving end of the discharging transistor in the loop control unit. When the second voltage signal obtained at the input end of the driving circuit is greater than the preset threshold, the driving circuit may cut off the discharge driving signal sent by the controller to the discharge transistor in the loop control unit. The discharge transistor in the loop control unit is turned off because the discharge driving signal is not received, so that the battery charging and discharging circuit is disconnected. In this application, through using this battery short-circuit protection circuit, make this battery short-circuit protection circuit can be through the pressure drop of control circuit control unit, the short circuit that whether the battery in this battery charge and discharge circuit takes place of real time monitoring, realize when the short circuit takes place, the quick disconnection battery charge and discharge circuit to realize this battery charge and discharge circuit's protection. In addition, the battery short-circuit protection circuit is a pure hardware circuit, and compared with the reaction of software on the millisecond level, the action time of the transistor is on the microsecond level. Therefore, the time of the whole short-circuit protection using the battery short-circuit protection circuit can be controlled within 10 microseconds. The quick response of the battery short-circuit protection circuit can effectively protect the battery, protect an intelligent lithium battery management system and prevent damage to the system. In addition, the short-circuit protection realized by the transistor can be repeatedly used, and the service efficiency of the battery circuit protection circuit is greatly improved.
In practical use, the battery short-circuit protection circuit can be integrated and packaged into a protection module with three exposed wires. The integrated battery short-circuit protection circuit is simple in wiring and convenient to maintain and install. The three interfaces of the integrated battery short-circuit protection circuit can be a PACK-interface, a BAT _0V interface and a DSG _ DRV interface as shown in fig. 3. And the PACK-interface and the BAT _0V interface are connected with a loop control unit in the battery charging and discharging circuit. The DSG _ DRV interface is connected with a discharging driving end in the loop control unit.
Fig. 4 shows a schematic structural diagram of a battery charging and discharging circuit according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in fig. 4, the battery charging and discharging circuit includes a battery pack, a loop control unit, a battery short-circuit protection circuit, and a voltage conversion unit. The battery pack is a lithium battery pack which needs to be charged and discharged. Wherein, the voltage conversion unit is a charge-discharge machine. Wherein the loop control unit may be as shown in fig. 5.
The loop control unit comprises a charging transistor, a discharging transistor and a controller. The charging transistor and the discharging transistor are both MOS transistors and are N transistors. The charging transistor comprises three ports, namely a first end (D), a second end (S) and a third end (CHG _ DRV). The discharge transistor includes three ports of a first terminal (D), a second terminal (S), and a third terminal (DSG _ DRV). The controller includes a first output and a second output.
The first end of the charging transistor is one of the loop ends of the loop control unit. One of the loop ends may be BAT _0V as shown in fig. 5. The second terminal of the charge transistor is connected to the second terminal of the discharge transistor. And the third end of the charging transistor is connected with the controller and is a charging driving end of the charging transistor. The controller may transmit a charging driving signal to the charging transistor through the charging driving terminal.
The first end of the discharge transistor is one of the loop ends of the loop control unit. One of the loop ends may be PACK-as shown in fig. 5. And the third end of the discharge transistor is connected with the controller and is a discharge driving end of the discharge transistor. The controller may transmit a discharge driving signal to the discharge transistor through the discharge driving terminal.
The charging driving signal and the discharging driving signal are high-voltage driving signals. Wherein, the voltage of the high-voltage driving signal can be determined according to actual needs. For example, the voltage value of the high voltage driving signal may be 12V.
During normal use, the controller synchronously sends high-voltage driving signals to the charging transistor and the discharging transistor so as to simultaneously drive the charging transistor and the discharging transistor to be communicated. In the battery charge and discharge circuit, when the charge transistor and the discharge transistor are simultaneously turned on, the battery charge and discharge circuit is turned on and can perform a charge and discharge operation. Otherwise, when the charging transistor is turned off, the battery pack in the battery charging and discharging circuit will not be charged. When the discharge transistor is turned off, the battery pack in the battery charge and discharge circuit will not discharge.
In the battery charging and discharging circuit, the loop end of the loop control unit is connected with the input end of the battery short-circuit protection circuit. The input terminal of the battery short-circuit protection circuit can obtain a first voltage signal of the loop control unit. The input of the battery short protection circuit may include two ports. The two ports may be connected to BAT _0V and PACK-ports, respectively, as in fig. 5. The first voltage signal obtained by the battery short-circuit protection circuit through the input end formed by the two ports is the voltage variable signal of the loop control unit.
Under normal use conditions, the discharge current of the lithium battery is generally between 1A and 100A. The internal resistances of the charge transistor and the discharge transistor are typically in the milliohm range. Therefore, the value of the voltage-variable signal which can be obtained by the input end of the battery short-circuit protection circuit is very small during the initial discharge or the normal discharge of the lithium battery. The voltage variable signal may have a value of less than 1V. However, when a lithium battery is short-circuited, the lithium battery is discharged with a large current for an extremely short time because the internal resistance of the lithium battery is very small. According to the test result, when the short circuit occurs, the short circuit current can reach the kiloampere level within a few microseconds. Therefore, even if the internal resistances of the charging transistor and the discharging transistor are very small, the value of the voltage-variable signal that can be obtained at the input terminal of the battery short-circuit protection circuit will become large in the case of a large increase in current.
The control end of the battery short-circuit protection circuit is connected with the discharging drive end in the loop control unit. When the battery short-circuit protection circuit is triggered, the battery short-circuit protection circuit transmits a discharge driving signal to a discharge transistor through the discharge driving end by the control end cut-off controller. After the battery short-circuit protection circuit cuts off the discharge driving signal, the discharge transistor is turned off due to the loss of the driving of the discharge driving signal. The turn-off of the discharge transistor will result in the battery pack in the battery charging and discharging circuit not being able to continue discharging.
The battery charging and discharging circuit provided by the application comprises a battery pack, a loop control unit, a battery short-circuit protection circuit and a voltage conversion unit. And the loop end of the loop control unit is connected with the input end of the battery short-circuit protection circuit. The input terminal of the battery short-circuit protection circuit can obtain a first voltage signal of the loop control unit. The control end of the battery short-circuit protection circuit is connected with the discharging drive end in the loop control unit. The battery short-circuit protection circuit may determine whether to trigger the battery short-circuit protection circuit according to the first voltage signal. When the battery short-circuit protection circuit is triggered, the battery short-circuit protection circuit transmits a discharge driving signal to a discharge transistor through the discharge driving end by the control end cut-off controller. After the battery short-circuit protection circuit cuts off the discharge driving signal, the discharge transistor is turned off due to the loss of the driving of the discharge driving signal. The turn-off of the discharge transistor will result in the battery pack in the battery charging and discharging circuit not being able to continue discharging. In this application, through increase battery short-circuit protection circuit in this battery charge and discharge circuit, make this battery short-circuit protection circuit can be through the pressure drop of control circuit control unit, the short circuit that whether the battery in this battery charge and discharge circuit takes place of real time monitoring, realize when the short circuit takes place, the quick disconnection battery charge and discharge circuit to realize this battery charge and discharge circuit's protection.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, and not to limit the same. Although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it should be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: it is also possible to modify the solutions described in the previous embodiments or to substitute some or all of them with equivalents. And the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application.
Claims (10)
1. A battery short protection circuit, comprising:
the input end of the input circuit is used as the input end of the battery short-circuit protection circuit, the input end of the input circuit is used for being connected with the loop end of the loop control unit, the input circuit is used for acquiring a first voltage signal of the loop end of the loop control unit and generating a second voltage signal according to the first voltage signal;
and the input end of the driving circuit is connected with the output end of the input circuit, the control end of the driving circuit is used as the control end of the battery open-circuit protection circuit, and the control end of the driving circuit is used for being connected with the discharging driving end of the loop control unit and used for intercepting the discharging driving signal of the loop control unit when the second voltage signal is greater than a preset threshold value so as to disconnect the battery charging and discharging circuit where the loop control unit is located.
2. The circuit of claim 1, wherein the input circuit comprises:
the voltage division circuit is used for connecting the loop end of the loop control unit, acquiring the first voltage signal and performing voltage division processing on the first voltage signal to generate a third voltage signal;
and the input end of the signal generating circuit is connected with the output end of the voltage dividing circuit, and the output end of the signal generating circuit is used as the output end of the input circuit and is used for generating and outputting the second voltage signal according to the third voltage signal.
3. The circuit of claim 2, wherein the voltage divider circuit comprises:
the first end of the first capacitor is used for connecting one end of the loop control unit, the first end of the first capacitor is used as the first end of the output end of the voltage division circuit, and the first capacitor is used for dividing and absorbing interference signals in the circuit;
and the first end of the second capacitor is connected with the second end of the first capacitor and then serves as the second end of the output end of the voltage division circuit, the second end of the second capacitor is used for being connected with the other end of the loop control unit, and the second capacitor is used for dividing voltage and absorbing interference signals in the circuit.
4. The circuit of claim 2, wherein the signal generation circuit comprises:
a first resistor having a first terminal as a first terminal of the input terminal of the signal generation circuit;
and a second resistor, a first end of which is connected with a second end of the first resistor to form an output end of the signal generating circuit, and a second end of which is used as a second end of the input end of the signal generating circuit.
5. The circuit of claim 1, wherein the drive circuit comprises:
and a first end of the transistor is used as an input end of the driving circuit, a second end of the transistor is used for being connected with one end of loop ends of the loop control unit, and a third end of the transistor is used as a control end of the driving circuit.
6. The circuit of claim 5, wherein the transistor is an NPN type triode transistor or an NPN type Darlington transistor.
7. The circuit of claim 5, wherein the driver circuit further comprises:
and the third resistor is connected with the third end of the transistor and then used as the control end of the driving circuit.
8. The circuit according to claim 2, wherein the first capacitor is a high withstand voltage capacitor; the second capacitor is a high withstand voltage capacitor.
9. A battery charging and discharging circuit, comprising: a loop control unit, a voltage conversion unit and a battery short-circuit protection circuit according to any one of claims 1 to 8;
the circuit control unit is connected with the voltage conversion unit in series and then is used for being connected with a battery to form a charging and discharging circuit;
the input end of the battery short-circuit protection circuit is connected with the loop end of the loop control unit, and the control end of the battery short-circuit protection circuit is connected with the discharging drive end of the loop control unit.
10. The circuit of claim 9, wherein the loop control unit comprises:
a charging transistor having a first terminal as one of the loop terminals of the loop control unit;
a second end of the discharging transistor is connected with a second end of the charging transistor, a first end of the discharging transistor is used as the other end of the loop control unit, and a third end of the discharging transistor is used as a discharging driving end of the loop control unit;
and the first output end of the controller is connected with the control end of the charging transistor, and the second output end of the controller is connected with the control end of the discharging transistor, and is used for sending a charging driving signal to the charging transistor and sending a discharging driving signal to the discharging transistor so as to drive the charging transistor and the discharging transistor to work.
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| CN113890148B (en) | 2022-07-29 |
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Denomination of invention: Battery short circuit protection circuit and battery charging and discharging circuit Granted publication date: 20220729 Pledgee: Rudong sub branch of Bank of China Ltd. Pledgor: ZHONGTIAN BROADBAND TECHNOLOGY Co.,Ltd. Registration number: Y2024980021410 |