CN113884841A - Diaphragm type partial discharge sensor and manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents
Diaphragm type partial discharge sensor and manufacturing method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN113884841A CN113884841A CN202111318003.6A CN202111318003A CN113884841A CN 113884841 A CN113884841 A CN 113884841A CN 202111318003 A CN202111318003 A CN 202111318003A CN 113884841 A CN113884841 A CN 113884841A
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- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/12—Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing
- G01R31/1227—Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing of components, parts or materials
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of sensors, in particular to a diaphragm type partial discharge sensor and a manufacturing method thereof. The diaphragm type partial discharge sensor comprises a single mode optical fiber; a capillary tube which is sleeved outside the single-mode optical fiber; the expansion pipe is provided with at least one layer and is sleeved outside the capillary tube layer by layer; the pipe shell is sleeved on the outer side of the expansion pipe; the single-mode optical fiber, the capillary tube, the expansion tube and the tube shell are coaxial and fixed relatively, one ends of the single-mode optical fiber, the capillary tube and the expansion tube are flush to form a working surface, and one end of the tube shell extends out of the working surface to form an extending section; the reflecting membrane is welded at the end part of the overhanging section and has the thickness of 30-40 mu m; the reflection diaphragm, the overhanging section and the working surface form a Fabry-Perot cavity together in a surrounding mode. By increasing the area and reducing the thickness, the elastic shape change of the reflection diaphragm generated when the reflection diaphragm is subjected to the action of ultrasonic waves is large, so that the phase deviation of interference light is increased, and the detection sensitivity of the sensor is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of sensors, in particular to a diaphragm type partial discharge sensor and a manufacturing method thereof.
Background
Partial discharge is an important symptom and expression form of insulation fault of an insulation switch (GIS), and defects in the GIS can be timely and effectively found by detecting a GIS partial discharge signal, so that fault early warning is realized. Therefore, the research on the GIS partial discharge detection technology plays a key role in guaranteeing the equipment safety and the power supply reliability.
The existing partial discharge detection is most commonly carried out by adopting a diaphragm type partial discharge sensor and a manufacturing method thereof. The vast majority of diaphragm sensors currently on the market comprise: the single mode fiber, the cavity and the reflection diaphragm form the Fabry-Perot cavity, and the single mode fiber and the reflection diaphragm are respectively positioned on two end faces of the Fabry-Perot cavity. The working principle is as follows: input light enters from the single-mode fiber, is reflected and transmitted on the end face of the single-mode fiber connected with the Fabry-Perot cavity, and the reflected light returns to the single-mode fiber to form reflected light ray alpha; the transmitted light reaches the inner surface of the reflection diaphragm through the Fabry-Perot cavity, and is reflected and transmitted again on the inner surface of the reflection diaphragm, the reflected light returns to the single-mode fiber through the Fabry-Perot cavity to form reflected light rays beta, the reflected light rays alpha and the reflected light rays beta form interference in the single-mode fiber, and the interference light is output along the single-mode fiber. According to the principle of light interference, two beams of light with optical path difference meet to generate interference phenomenon to form interference light, and the phase of the interference light is related to the optical path difference. In the process, the optical path difference of the two reflected light beams is only related to the air refractive index of the Fabry-Perot cavity and the Fabry-Perot cavity length, the air refractive index is generally unchanged or slightly changed, and therefore the Fabry-Perot cavity length is the decisive factor for the optical path difference. Ultrasonic waves can be generated during partial discharge, the reflection diaphragm generates vibration under the action of the ultrasonic waves, and the length of the Fabry-Perot cavity is changed by the vibration of the diaphragm, so that optical path difference change is caused, and finally interference light phase deviation is caused. During detection, whether partial discharge occurs or not can be known by detecting the phase shift of the interference light.
At present, the elastic deformation of a diaphragm type partial discharge sensor on the market is small, so that the phase deviation of interference light is small, and the detection sensitivity is low.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the technical problem to be solved by the invention is to overcome the defect of low detection sensitivity caused by small elastic deformation of a diaphragm of the diaphragm type partial discharge sensor in the prior art, so that the diaphragm type partial discharge sensor capable of increasing the elastic deformation of the diaphragm and the manufacturing method thereof are provided.
In order to solve the above technical problem, the present invention provides a diaphragm type partial discharge sensor, including:
a single mode optical fiber;
a capillary tube which is sleeved outside the single-mode optical fiber;
the expansion pipe is provided with at least one layer and is sleeved outside the capillary tube layer by layer;
the pipe shell is sleeved on the outer side of the expansion pipe;
the single-mode optical fiber, the capillary tube, the expansion tube and the tube shell are coaxial and fixed relatively, one ends of the single-mode optical fiber, the capillary tube and the expansion tube are flush to form a working surface, and one end of the tube shell extends out of the working surface to form an extending section;
the reflecting membrane is welded at the end part of the overhanging section and has the thickness of 30-40 mu m;
the reflection diaphragm, the overhanging section and the working surface form a Fabry-Perot cavity together in a surrounding mode.
Optionally, the single-mode fiber, the capillary tube, the expansion tube, the tube shell and the reflection diaphragm are all made of quartz.
Optionally, the single-mode fiber, the capillary, the expansion tube, the tube shell and the reflection diaphragm are spot-welded by CO2 laser.
Optionally, the overhanging section is provided with an air hole.
Optionally, the length of the Fabry-Perot cavity is 32-39 μm.
Optionally, the reflection diaphragm is welded to the outer side of the end face of the overhanging section, and the outer diameter of the reflection diaphragm is equal to that of the tube shell.
The manufacturing method provided by the invention sequentially comprises the following steps:
s1, penetrating a single-mode optical fiber into a capillary tube, aligning one end of the single-mode optical fiber to form an aligned end face, and performing laser dotting welding through CO2 to form a first whole;
s2, penetrating the first whole into an expansion pipe, aligning the aligned end face with the end face of the expansion pipe, performing spot welding through CO2 laser, and penetrating and fixing layer by layer if two or more layers of expansion pipes are arranged to form a second whole;
s3, penetrating the second whole into a pipe shell to enable the end face of the pipe shell to extend out of the aligned end face to form an extending section, and performing spot welding through CO2 laser;
s4, selecting a reflecting membrane with the thickness of 30-40 mu m, attaching the reflecting membrane to the end part of the overhanging section, and dotting and welding by CO2 laser.
Optionally, there is a step a between steps S2 and S3:
an air hole is opened in the pipe wall at one end of the pipe shell, and the air hole is located in the overhanging section in step S3.
Optionally, in steps S1 to S3, a position 1 to 2cm away from the aligned end face is selected as a CO2 laser dotting welding point.
Optionally, in step S4, the distance between the reflection film and the alignment end face is 32 to 39 μm.
The technical scheme of the invention has the following advantages:
1. the diaphragm type partial discharge sensor provided by the invention is provided with at least one layer of expansion pipe, the diameter of the reflection diaphragm can be increased, the thickness of the reflection diaphragm is 30-40 mu m, and the thickness of the reflection diaphragm is thinner. By increasing the area and reducing the thickness, the elastic shape change of the reflection diaphragm generated when the reflection diaphragm is subjected to the action of ultrasonic waves is large, so that the phase deviation of interference light is increased, and the detection sensitivity of the sensor is improved.
2. According to the diaphragm type partial discharge sensor provided by the invention, the reflection diaphragm is welded at the end part of the tube shell and is not required to be fixed through an additional part, so that the effective diameter of the reflection diaphragm is increased, and the detection sensitivity is further increased.
3. According to the diaphragm type partial discharge sensor provided by the invention, all components are made of quartz, and the quartz material has the characteristics of stability, high temperature resistance, electromagnetic interference resistance and the like, and meanwhile, micro deformation caused by the difference of thermal expansion coefficients and thermo-optic coefficients among different materials is avoided, so that the structural stability of the sensor can be effectively improved. In addition, the quartz material is low in price, and the cost of the sensor is saved.
4. The invention provides a diaphragm type partial discharge sensor, wherein CO passes through all components2Laser dotting welding realizes relatively fixed, can avoid the connection that external environment caused not hard up to increase sensor life and detection precision.
5. The diaphragm type partial discharge sensor provided by the invention is provided with the air holes at the outer extension section, so that the pressure difference at two sides of the reflecting diaphragm can be balanced, the sensor can be applied to different pressure intensity environments, the application range of the sensor is expanded, meanwhile, the gas expanded due to temperature rise can be conveniently discharged, and the influence on the reflecting diaphragm due to temperature change is reduced.
6. According to the diaphragm type partial discharge sensor provided by the invention, the length of the Fabry-Perot cavity is 32-39 microns, the free spectral range of interference light is larger, and the phase shift range of the interference light is larger, so that the ultrasonic detection range is increased, unnecessary reflection and transmission times can be reduced, and the loss is reduced.
7. The manufacturing method provided by the invention adopts CO layer by layer from inside to outside2The components of the sensor are assembled in a laser spot welding mode, the operation is simple, the length of the Fabry-Perot cavity is controllable, and the sensor sample preparation repetition rate is high and the consistency is good.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a first whole according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a second whole according to the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a diaphragm type partial discharge sensor according to an embodiment of the present invention (with the reflective diaphragm removed);
fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a diaphragm-type partial discharge sensor according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Description of reference numerals:
1. a single mode optical fiber; 2. a capillary tube; 3. an extension tube; 4. a pipe shell; 41. air holes; 5. a reflective membrane.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are some, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, but do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
In addition, the technical features involved in the different embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.
Example one
The present embodiment provides a diaphragm type partial discharge sensor, which includes a single mode fiber 1, a capillary 2, an extension tube 3, a tube shell 4 and a reflective diaphragm 5.
The capillary 2 is sleeved outside the single-mode optical fiber 1. The capillary 2 is mainly used for mounting the single mode optical fiber 1.
The expansion pipe 3 is provided with at least one layer and is sleeved outside the capillary 2 layer by layer. Two layers are preferred in this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 2.
And the pipe shell 4 is sleeved on the outer side of the expansion pipe 3. The envelope 4 is mainly used for mounting the reflective membrane 5.
The single-mode optical fiber 1, the capillary tube 2, the expansion tube 3 and the tube shell 4 are coaxial and fixed relatively, one ends of the single-mode optical fiber 1, the capillary tube 2 and the expansion tube 3 are flush to form a working surface, and one end of the tube shell 4 extends out of the working surface to form an extending section. The working surface is a structure participating in the whole detection work, and particularly, the working surface forms one end surface of the Fabry-Perot cavity.
And a reflection diaphragm 5 welded to the end of the overhanging section and having a thickness of 30-40 μm. If the fixing is performed by other components such as screws, a part of the area of the reflection diaphragm 5 is always covered, so that the effective diameter of the reflection diaphragm 5 is reduced; the invention adopts a welding mode to fix the outer extending section without using other parts for fixing, and relatively increases the effective diameter of the reflecting film, thereby increasing the elastic deformation of the reflecting film under the action of ultrasonic waves and further improving the detection sensitivity of the reflecting film. Specifically, the reflective membrane 5 may be sleeved inside the outer end of the tube shell 4, or may be welded outside the end face of the overhanging section, and the outer diameter of the reflective membrane 5 is equal to the outer diameter of the tube shell 4, preferably the latter, so as to increase the effective diameter thereof to the maximum extent. Specifically, the welding means is determined according to the specific materials of the emitting diaphragm and the case 4, which is easy to design by those skilled in the art. Specifically, the thickness of the reflective film 5 may be 30 μm or 35 μm or 40 μm.
The reflecting membrane 5, the overhanging section and the working surface form a Fabry-Perot cavity together. Specifically, the inner end surface of the reflection diaphragm 5, the inner wall of the outward extending section and the working surface together enclose a Fabry-Perot cavity.
In a preferred embodiment of the above, the single-mode optical fiber 1, the capillary 2, the extension tube 3, the tube case 4, and the reflective film 5 are made of quartz. There are two benefits: firstly, as quartz has the characteristics of stability, high temperature resistance, electromagnetic interference resistance and the like, the sensor is made of quartz, so that the sensor has the advantages, and meanwhile, the sensor is made of the same material, so that micro deformation caused by the difference of thermal expansion coefficients and thermo-optic coefficients among different materials can be avoided, and the structural stability of the sensor can be improved; secondly, the quartz is low in price, and the manufacturing cost of the sensor is saved. Of course, in other embodiments, other materials such as plastic may be used to make the components of the sensor, or different materials may be used to make the different components of the sensor.
When the single mode fiber 1, the capillary 2, the expansion tube 3, the tube shell 4 and the reflection diaphragm 5 are made of quartz, CO is adopted2The laser spot welding mode realizes the connection of each component, and structural connection is inseparable, and the tie point is difficult not hard up, can improve sensor's life.
As a modified scheme of the technical scheme, the extending section is provided with an air hole 41. The shape of the air hole 41 is not limited, and the air hole may be circular, square, triangular or other shapes as long as the air hole can communicate the Fabry-Perot cavity with the outside. The air holes 41 have two benefits: firstly, the pressure difference on two sides of the diaphragm can be balanced, so that the sensor can be applied to different pressure intensity environments, and the application range of the sensor is expanded; second, when the temperature rises, the expanded gas can be discharged from the gas hole 41, reducing the influence on the reflection diaphragm 5 due to the temperature change, thereby ensuring the detection accuracy thereof.
Preferably, the length of the Fabry-Perot cavity is 32-39 mu m. Specifically, it may be 32 μm or 35 μm or 37 μm or 39 μm. The Fabry-Perot cavity is short in length design, free spectral range of interference light is large, and phase deviation range of the interference light is large, so that the range of ultrasonic detection is increased, unnecessary reflection and transmission times can be reduced, and loss is reduced.
Based on the foregoing specific implementation form, the use method of the diaphragm-type partial discharge sensor of the embodiment is as follows: light beams emitted from a light source are firstly transmitted in the single-mode optical fiber 1, reflection and transmission occur when the light beams are transmitted to a working surface, reflected light returns to the single-mode optical fiber 1 to form reflected light rays alpha, the transmitted light reaches the inner surface of the reflection diaphragm 5 through air in the Fabry-Perot cavity, the reflected light is reflected and transmitted again on the inner surface of the reflection diaphragm 5, the reflected light returns to the single-mode optical fiber 11 through the air to form reflected light rays beta, the two reflected light rays alpha and beta form interference in the single-mode optical fiber 1, and the interference light is output along the single-mode optical fiber 1. The light is coupled in and out through the coupler and transmitted to the spectrometer, and whether partial discharge occurs or not can be judged by analyzing spectral data.
Example two
The embodiment provides a manufacturing method of a diaphragm type partial discharge sensor, which sequentially comprises the following steps:
s1, a single mode optical fiber 1 penetrates into a capillary 2, one end of the single mode optical fiber is aligned to form an aligned end face, and CO passes through the aligned end face2Laser dotting welding is carried out to form a first whole; specifically, a position 1cm away from the aligned end face is selected as a welding point, and the deepest part of the welding point is ensured not to contact with the fiber core of the single-mode optical fiber 1 during welding, so that the fiber core is prevented from being damaged;
s2, the first whole body penetrates into the expansion pipe 3, the aligned end face of the first whole body is aligned with the end face of the expansion pipe 3, and CO passes through2Laser spot welding, if two or more layers of expansion pipes 3 are arranged, the expansion pipes penetrate and are fixed layer by layer to form the second layerTwo integral bodies; specifically, a position 1.3cm away from the aligned end face is selected as a welding point; if several layers of expansion pipes 3 are arranged, welding is required for several times, for example, if two layers of expansion pipes 3 are arranged in fig. 2, the first whole penetrates into the expansion pipe 3 of the inner layer to be welded and fixed, and then the formed whole penetrates into the expansion pipe 3 of the outer layer to be welded and fixed, so that a second whole is formed;
s3, penetrating the second whole into the tube shell 4 to enable the end face of the tube shell 4 to extend outwards to be aligned with the end face to form an extending section, and enabling CO to pass through2Laser dotting welding; during specific operation, the tube shell 4 can be horizontally placed, the aligned end face of the second whole penetrates through the left end face of the tube shell 4, the second whole is slowly moved under the microscope to enable the aligned end face to slowly approach the right end face of the tube shell 4, the movement is stopped when the aligned end face is 36 micrometers away from the right end face of the tube shell 4, and the position 1.8cm away from the aligned end face is selected as a welding point;
s4, selecting a reflecting membrane 5 with the thickness of 30-40 mu m, attaching the reflecting membrane 5 to the end part of the extending section, and passing CO2And (5) spot welding by laser. Specifically, the reflective membrane 5 may be sleeved inside the outer end of the tube shell 4, or may be welded outside the end face of the overhanging section, and the outer diameter of the reflective membrane 5 is equal to the outer diameter of the tube shell 4, preferably the latter, so as to increase the effective diameter thereof to the maximum extent. Specifically, the thickness of the reflective film 5 can be selected to be 30 μm or 35 μm or 40 μm.
As a further improvement of the above solution, there is a step a between steps S2 and S3:
the air hole 41 is opened in the tube wall at one end of the tube case 4 such that the air hole 41 is located at the overhanging section in step S3. Specifically, the tube case 4 may be horizontally placed before step S3, and the air hole 41 may be opened at a distance of 20 μm from the right end surface of the tube case 4.
Specifically, in step S4, the distance between the reflection film 5 and the aligned end face is 32 to 39 μm, and may be 32 μm, 35 μm, 37 μm, or 39 μm. In practice, this distance is controlled primarily by the length of the extension in step S3.
It should be understood that the above examples are only for clarity of illustration and are not intended to limit the embodiments. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. And obvious variations or modifications therefrom are within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A diaphragm-type partial discharge sensor, comprising:
a single mode optical fiber (1);
a capillary (2) that is fitted around the outside of the single-mode optical fiber (1);
the expansion pipe (3) is provided with at least one layer and is sleeved outside the capillary tube (2) layer by layer;
the pipe shell (4) is sleeved on the outer side of the expansion pipe (3);
the single-mode optical fiber (1), the capillary tube (2), the expansion tube (3) and the tube shell (4) are coaxial and fixed relatively, one ends of the single-mode optical fiber (1), the capillary tube (2) and the expansion tube (3) are flush to form a working surface, and one end of the tube shell (4) extends out of the working surface to form an extending section;
a reflection diaphragm (5) welded to the end of the overhanging section and having a thickness of 30-40 μm;
the reflection diaphragm (5), the overhanging section and the working surface jointly enclose a Fabry-Perot cavity.
2. The diaphragm partial discharge sensor according to claim 1, wherein the single mode fiber (1), the capillary (2), the extension tube (3), the tube shell (4) and the reflective diaphragm (5) are made of quartz.
3. The diaphragm partial discharge sensor according to claim 2, wherein the single mode fiber (1), the capillary (2), the extension tube (3), the tube shell (4) and the reflective diaphragm (5) are all CO-coupled therebetween2And (5) spot welding by laser.
4. The diaphragm partial discharge sensor of any one of claims 1 to 3 wherein the overhang portion defines an air hole (41).
5. The diaphragm partial discharge sensor of any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the length of the Fabry-Perot cavity is 32 to 39 μm.
6. The diaphragm partial discharge sensor according to claim 1, wherein the reflective diaphragm (5) is welded to the outer side of the end face of the overhang portion, and the outer diameter of the reflective diaphragm (5) is equal to the outer diameter of the envelope (4).
7. The manufacturing method of the diaphragm type partial discharge sensor is characterized by sequentially comprising the following steps of:
s1, a single mode optical fiber (1) penetrates into a capillary (2) and one end of the single mode optical fiber is aligned to form an aligned end face, and CO is passed through2Laser dotting welding is carried out to form a first whole;
s2, penetrating the first whole into an expansion pipe (3), aligning the aligned end face with the end face of the expansion pipe (3), and passing through CO2Laser spot welding, if two or more layers of expansion pipes (3) are arranged, the expansion pipes penetrate and are fixed layer by layer to form a second whole;
s3, penetrating the second whole into the pipe shell (4) to enable the end face of the pipe shell (4) to extend out of the aligned end face to form an extending section, and enabling CO to pass through2Laser dotting welding;
s4, selecting a reflecting membrane (5) with the thickness of 30-40 mu m, attaching the reflecting membrane (5) to the end part of the extending section, and passing CO2And (5) spot welding by laser.
8. The method of claim 7, further comprising, between steps S2 and S3, step A:
an air hole (41) is formed in the pipe wall at one end of the pipe shell (4), and the air hole (41) is located in the overhanging section in the step S3.
9. The method of claim 7 or 8, wherein the step of forming the composite material is carried out in a furnaceIn the steps S1-S3, a position 1-2 cm away from the aligned end face is selected as CO2And (5) laser dotting a welding point.
10. The production method according to claim 7 or 8, wherein in step S4, the distance between the reflection film (5) and the alignment end face is 32 to 39 μm.
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