CN113882219A

CN113882219A - Cement road surface lays leveling equipment

Info

Publication number: CN113882219A
Application number: CN202111414089.2A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 林强开
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Jiangsu Jiucheng Construction And Installation Engineering Co ltd
Priority date: 2021-11-25
Filing date: 2021-11-25
Publication date: 2022-01-04
Anticipated expiration: 2041-11-25
Also published as: CN113882219B

Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of cement leveling equipment, and relates to cement pavement paving and leveling equipment. The automatic cement discharging device can automatically discharge cement, can vibrate, compact and scrape the laid cement, and can recycle redundant cement, can automatically eject the cement carrying plate through the self gravity of the cement, scrape the inner wall of the cement carrying plate when the conveying is finished, can automatically distribute the cement to the lower part of the vibration stirring rod, solves the problem that holes are sunken due to too little cement during the laying, can continuously move the vibration stirring rod to enable the textures among different cement layers to be uniform, can compress and scrape the laid cement pavement, and enables the whole cement to be more ceramic and have a smoother surface.

Description

Cement road surface lays leveling equipment

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of cement leveling equipment, and particularly relates to cement pavement paving and leveling equipment.

Background

As is well known, in the building process, the levelness of cement ground is one of the standards for judging the high or low quality of building, the side face of a steel ruler is held by people to continuously slide on the cement ground for leveling the cement ground slowly, but the burden of workers is greatly increased, the ground is uneven easily due to the fact that the side face is dependent on experience, the cement ground can only be leveled after the cement ground is paved in the existing equipment, the efficiency is low, the cement ground is easily interfered by other factors, the cement surface is simply leveled when the cement ground is leveled, air in the cement ground cannot be discharged, the internal structure of cement cannot be strengthened, and the condition that the service life of the ground is not long is caused.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the problems in the prior art and provides a cement pavement paving and leveling device which can automatically extinguish fire and disconnect a circuit in a short time when an electric energy meter fires.

The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme: the utility model provides a cement road surfacing leveling equipment, includes the casing, and the casing left side is equipped with cement unloader, the inside bent axle cement vibrator that is equipped with of casing, bent axle cement vibrator are used for shaking the cement of laying and make its texture even, remove the air between the cement side by side, and the fixed two fixed buffer blocks that are equipped with of symmetry on the lateral wall around the casing is inside, is equipped with linkage closing device between two fixed buffer blocks.

Preferably, cement unloader is including fixed setting at the left cement box of casing, cement box lower extreme symmetry is equipped with two wheels, the inside symmetry of cement box is equipped with two fixed slip tables, it is equipped with flitch under the cement to slide between two fixed slip tables, the flitch lower extreme symmetry is articulated to be equipped with two hinge bars under the cement, the inside slip of cement box is equipped with cement and accepts the board, cement is accepted the fixed dwang that is equipped with of symmetry on the board, two dwangs are articulated with two hinge bar lower extremes, spout sliding connection on every hinge bar middle part and the cement board is accepted, the inside fixed guide block that is equipped with of cement box, the inside slip of fixed guide block is equipped with the scraper blade, be connected with compression spring between scraper blade and the fixed guide block, the board sliding connection is accepted with cement to the scraper blade.

Preferably, bent axle cement vibrator is including rotating the bent axle that sets up on the face of both sides around the casing, be equipped with a plurality of bent axle major axis footpaths on the bent axle, be equipped with bent axle minor axis footpath between per two bent axle major axis footpaths, every bent axle major axis footpath is gone up the fixed hollow wheel that is equipped with, it is equipped with a plurality of boards of dialling to rotate along the circumferencial direction on the hollow wheel, it is equipped with a plurality of slide bars to slide along the circumferencial direction on the hollow wheel, be connected with compression spring between every slide bar and the hollow wheel, the fixed slip roof that is equipped with on every slide bar, slip roof and group board fixed connection, it is equipped with short hinge bar to rotate on every bent axle minor axis footpath, it is equipped with the shock pad to articulate on every short hinge bar, the fixed vibrations stirring rod that is equipped with on every shock pad.

Preferably, linkage closing device slides including the symmetry and sets up two extension rods on the lateral wall around the casing, is connected with reset spring between every extension rod and the fixed buffer block, is connected with the roof between two extension rods, roof and group board sliding connection, and the symmetry is fixed to be equipped with two hinges on the roof, and the articulated long hinge that is equipped with connects the pole on every hinge, and the symmetry is fixed to be equipped with two pivots on the lateral wall around the casing is inside, and the pivot is connected with long hinge connects the pole rotation.

Preferably, the cement collection device connects two hollow poles on the pole including articulated setting two long hinges, two hollow pole lower extreme are fixed to be equipped with the pressure plate, two hollow pole are inside to be rotated and to slide and be equipped with hollow rotating shaft, the fixed lug that is equipped with in the hollow rotating shaft, lug and hollow pole inside engagement, the inside slip of hollow rotating shaft is equipped with the slip transmission shaft, the fixed extension annular slab that is equipped with on the slip transmission shaft, be connected with tension spring between extension annular slab and the hollow rotating shaft, the fixed rolling disc that is equipped with of slip transmission shaft lower extreme, it is equipped with a plurality of collection poles to prolong the circumferencial direction rotation on the rolling disc, be connected with torsion spring between every collection pole and the rolling disc.

Preferably, the leveling device comprises vibration pressing plates fixedly arranged at the lower ends of the two sliding transmission shafts, two stop blocks are symmetrically and fixedly arranged at the upper ends of the vibration pressing plates, the stop blocks are connected with the collecting rods in a sliding mode, the vibration pressing plates are connected with the vibration stirring rods in a sliding mode, and leveling plates are fixedly arranged at the front ends of the vibration pressing plates.

When the cement is required to be paved on the road surface, the cement is discharged from the discharge port to the upper end of the cement blanking plate, because the weight of the cement enables the cement blanking plate to compress the spring inside the fixed sliding table and move downwards to drive the hinge rod to move, the hinge rod moves in the sliding groove on the cement bearing plate, and the rotating rod is pushed to drive the cement bearing plate to slide in the cement box until the cement bearing plate extends into the shell, meanwhile, the sliding cement bearing plate extrudes the scraper, so that the scraper slides in the fixed guide block and extrudes the compression spring, after the cement conveying is finished, the cement bearing plate shrinks, the scraper is tightly attached to the inner wall of the cement bearing plate under the action of the compression spring, the cement bearing plate continues to shrink, so that the scraper can scrape off the residual cement on the surface of the cement bearing plate completely, the residual cement can be automatically ejected out of the cement bearing plate through the self gravity of the cement, and when the cement conveying is finished, the cement receiving plate is contracted and the inner wall of the cement receiving plate is scraped to remove the excess cement.

When cement is laid to needs, the starter motor, make the bent axle rotate, make the big diameter of axle of pivoted bent axle drive the hollow wheel and rotate, it rotates around the big diameter of axle of bent axle to drive a plurality of boards of dialling, make it will accept the cement that the board falls from cement and evenly dial to vibrations stirring rod below to dial the board, the pivoted bent axle drives the little diameter of axle of bent axle simultaneously and rotates, because eccentric effect makes the little diameter of axle of bent axle drive the hollow wheel and constantly swings, the vibrations stirring rod that the wobbling hollow wheel drive was fixed on the shock pad constantly reciprocates, make the texture between the different cement layers in the cement of laying even, the drive energy through the bent axle is by oneself with the cement that falls to vibrations stirring rod below scattering, there is the hole that cement appears when solving and laying sunken, and can constantly reciprocate vibrations stirring rod and then make the texture between the different cement layers even.

When the cement to be laid needs to be leveled, the plurality of shifting plates which rotate continuously extrude the top plate, so that the top plate drives the extension rod to slide on the shell, and drives the two long hinge rods hinged on the hinge joints to rotate around the rotating shaft, so that the right ends of the long hinge rods move downwards, and further presses the hollow rods hinged on the right sides of the long hinge rods to move downwards, the hollow rotating shaft rotates while moving upwards in the hollow rods through the convex blocks fixedly arranged on the hollow rotating shaft, the sliding transmission shaft which is slidably arranged in the hollow rotating shaft is driven to rotate synchronously, when the hollow rods move downwards to a certain position, the pressure plate is in sliding connection with the extension annular plate, the hollow rods continuously move downwards to drive the pressure plate to extrude the extension annular plate, the vibration pressure plate at the lower end of the extension annular plate extrudes the cement, and the vibration stirring rod which is slidably arranged on the vibration pressure plate drives the vibration pressure plate to vibrate, so that the air in the cement is discharged, the whole real surface of porcelain more of cement is more level and more smooth, while pivoted slip transmission shaft drives the rolling disc and rotates, it rotates around the slip transmission shaft to drive the collection pole, block protruding the messenger on the collection pole and collect the pole and open through the dog of fixed setting on vibrations clamp plate, collect unnecessary cement, and the shrink through torque spring pushes cement to vibrations stirring rod left side, can compress tightly and strickle the cement road surface of laying, the inside air of effectual cement of getting rid of, make the whole real surface of porcelain more of cement level and more smooth, and can collect unnecessary cement when the flattening and recycle.

Compared with the prior art, this cement road surface lays leveling equipment has following advantage:

1. the cement receiving plate can be automatically ejected out through the self gravity of the cement, and the cement receiving plate is contracted and the inner wall of the cement receiving plate is scraped to remove the excess cement when the cement conveying is finished.

2. The problem of exist cement too little and the hole that appears when laying sunken, and can constantly reciprocate vibrations stirring rod and then make the texture between the different cement layers even.

3. Can compress tightly and strickle off the cement road surface of laying, the inside air of effectual cement of getting rid of for the whole real surface of porcelain more of cement is levelled and smooth, and can collect unnecessary cement when the flattening and recycle.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a cement road surface laying leveling apparatus.

Fig. 2 is a sectional view taken along a line a-a in fig. 1.

Fig. 3 is a sectional view taken along line B-B in fig. 2.

Fig. 4 is a sectional view taken along line C-C in fig. 2.

Fig. 5 is an enlarged sectional view at D in fig. 2.

Fig. 6 is an enlarged sectional view at E in fig. 2.

In the figure, 10, the housing; 11. a cement box; 12. a wheel; 13. vibrating the pressing plate; 14. a screed plate; 15. fixing the sliding table; 16. a cement blanking plate; 17. a hinged lever; 18. fixing a guide block; 19. a compression spring; 20. a squeegee; 21. a cement receiving plate; 22. rotating the rod; 23. fixing the buffer block; 24. a return spring; 25. a rotating shaft; 26. a long hinge rod; 27. a top plate; 28. a hinge joint; 29. an extension pole; 30. the crankshaft has a large shaft diameter; 31. a hollow wheel; 32. dialing a plate; 33. a short hinge rod; 34. a shock pad; 35. vibrating the stirring rod; 36. a stopper; 37. rotating the disc; 38. a collection rod; 39. a receiving cavity; 40. a torsion spring; 41. a compression spring; 42. a slide bar; 43. a sliding top plate; 44. a tension spring; 45. a bump; 46. a hollow shaft; 47. a sliding transmission shaft; 48. a pressure plate; 49. an elongated annular plate; 50. a hollow rotating shaft; 51. the crankshaft has a small shaft diameter.

Detailed Description

The following are specific embodiments of the present invention and are further described with reference to the drawings, but the present invention is not limited to these embodiments.

As shown in fig. 1, a cement road surfacing leveling equipment, including casing 10, casing 10 left side is equipped with cement unloader, and casing 10 is inside to be equipped with bent axle cement vibrator, and bent axle cement vibrator is used for shaking the cement of laying and makes its texture even, removes the air between the cement, and the fixed two fixed buffer blocks 23 that are equipped with of symmetry around the casing 10 is inside on the lateral wall, is equipped with linkage closing device between two fixed buffer blocks 23.

As shown in fig. 2, the cement discharging device comprises a cement box 11 fixedly arranged on the left side of a shell 10, two wheels 12 are symmetrically arranged at the lower end of the cement box 11, two fixed sliding tables 15 are symmetrically arranged inside the cement box 11, a cement discharging plate 16 is slidably arranged between the two fixed sliding tables 15, two hinged rods 17 are symmetrically hinged to the lower end of the cement discharging plate 16, a cement receiving plate 21 is slidably arranged inside the cement box 11, rotating rods 22 are symmetrically and fixedly arranged on the cement receiving plate 21, the lower ends of the two rotating rods 22 are hinged to the lower ends of the two hinged rods 17, the middle of each hinged rod 17 is slidably connected with a sliding groove on the cement receiving plate 21, a fixed guide block 18 is fixedly arranged inside the cement box 11, a scraper 20 is slidably arranged inside the fixed guide block 18, a compression spring 19 is connected between the scraper 20 and the fixed guide block 18, and the scraper 20 is slidably connected with the cement receiving plate 21.

As shown in fig. 2, 3 and 5, the crankshaft cement vibration device includes crankshafts rotatably disposed on front and rear sides of a housing 10, a plurality of crankshaft large shaft diameters 30 are disposed on the crankshafts, a crankshaft small shaft diameter 51 is disposed between every two crankshaft large shaft diameters 30, a hollow wheel 31 is fixedly disposed on each crankshaft large shaft diameter 30, a plurality of shifting plates 32 are rotatably disposed on the hollow wheel 31 along a circumferential direction, a plurality of sliding rods 42 are slidably disposed on the hollow wheel 31 along the circumferential direction, a compression spring 41 is connected between each sliding rod 42 and the hollow wheel 31, a sliding top plate 43 is fixedly disposed on each sliding rod 42, the sliding top plate 43 is fixedly connected with the shifting plates 32, a short hinge rod 33 is rotatably disposed on each crankshaft small shaft diameter 51, a shock absorbing pad 34 is hingedly disposed on each short hinge rod 33, and a vibration stirring rod 35 is fixedly disposed on each shock absorbing pad 34.

As shown in fig. 2 and 3, the linkage pressing device comprises two extension rods 29 symmetrically and slidably arranged on the front and rear side walls of the shell 10, a return spring 24 is connected between each extension rod 29 and the fixed buffer block 23, a top plate 27 is connected between the two extension rods 29, the top plate 27 is slidably connected with a shifting plate 32, two hinges 28 are symmetrically and fixedly arranged on the top plate 27, a long hinge rod 26 is hinged on each hinge 28, two rotating shafts 25 are symmetrically and fixedly arranged on the front and rear side walls inside the shell 10, and the rotating shafts 25 are rotatably connected with the long hinge rods 26.

As shown in fig. 2, 4 and 6, the cement collecting device comprises two hollow rods 46 hinged on two long hinged rods 26, pressure plates 48 are fixedly arranged at the lower ends of the two hollow rods 46, hollow rotating shafts 50 are rotatably and slidably arranged inside the two hollow rods 46, bumps 45 are fixedly arranged on the hollow rotating shafts 50, the bumps 45 are engaged with the inside of the hollow rods 46, sliding transmission shafts 47 are slidably arranged inside the hollow rotating shafts 50, extension annular plates 49 are fixedly arranged on the sliding transmission shafts 47, tension springs 44 are connected between the extension annular plates 49 and the hollow rotating shafts 50, rotating discs 37 are fixedly arranged at the lower ends of the sliding transmission shafts 47, a plurality of collecting rods 38 are rotatably arranged on the rotating discs 37 along the circumferential direction, and torsion springs 40 are connected between each collecting rod 38 and the rotating discs 37.

As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the leveling device includes a vibration pressing plate 13 fixedly disposed at the lower end of two sliding transmission shafts 47, two stoppers 36 are symmetrically and fixedly disposed at the upper end of the vibration pressing plate 13, the stoppers 36 are slidably connected with protrusions on the collecting rod 38, the vibration pressing plate 13 is slidably connected with the vibration stirring rod 35, and a leveling plate 14 is fixedly disposed at the front end of the vibration pressing plate 13.

When cement is required to be paved on a road surface, the cement is discharged from the discharge port to the upper end of the cement discharging plate 16, the cement discharging plate 16 compresses a spring in the fixed sliding table 15 due to the weight of the cement and moves downwards to drive the hinge rod 17 to move, so that the chute of the hinge rod 17 on the cement bearing plate 21 moves, the rotating rod 22 is pushed to drive the cement bearing plate 21 to slide in the cement box 11 until the cement bearing plate extends into the shell 10, meanwhile, the sliding cement bearing plate 21 extrudes the scraper 20, so that the scraper 20 slides in the fixed guide block 18 and extrudes the compression spring 19, after the cement conveying is finished, the cement bearing plate 21 contracts, the scraper 20 is tightly attached to the inner wall of the cement bearing plate 21 under the action of the compression spring 19, the cement bearing plate 21 continuously contracts to enable the scraper 20 to scrape off the residual cement on the surface of the cement bearing plate 21, and the cement bearing plate 21 can be automatically ejected out through the self-gravity of the cement, and at the end of the cement delivery, the cement receiving plate 21 is contracted and its inner wall is scraped to remove excess cement.

When cement needs to be laid, the motor is started to rotate the crankshaft, so that the rotating crankshaft large shaft diameter 30 drives the hollow wheel 31 to rotate, the plurality of shifting plates 32 are driven to rotate around the crankshaft large shaft diameter 30, so that the stirring plate 32 uniformly stirs the cement falling from the cement receiving plate 21 to the lower part of the vibration stirring rod 35, the rotating crankshaft simultaneously drives the crankshaft small shaft diameter 51 to rotate, the eccentric action causes the crankshaft small shaft diameter 51 to drive the hollow wheel 31 to swing continuously, the swinging hollow wheel 31 drives the vibration stirring rod 35 fixed on the shock pad 34 to move up and down continuously, so that the texture between different cement layers in the laid cement is uniform, the falling cement can be automatically distributed below the vibrating stirring rod 35 by the driving energy of the crankshaft, the problem that holes are sunken due to the fact that too little cement exists during laying is solved, and the vibrating stirring rod 35 can be continuously moved up and down to make the texture between different cement layers uniform.

When the cement to be paved needs to be leveled, the plurality of pulling plates 32 which rotate continuously extrude the top plate 27, so that the top plate 27 drives the extension rod 29 to slide on the shell 10, and drives the two long hinge connecting rods 26 which are hinged on the hinge joints 28 to rotate around the rotating shaft 25, so that the right ends of the long hinge connecting rods 26 move downwards, and further presses the hollow rods 46 which are hinged on the right sides of the long hinge connecting rods 26 to move downwards, through the bumps 45 which are fixedly arranged on the hollow rotating shafts 50, the hollow rotating shafts 50 rotate upwards in the hollow rods 46 at the same time, the sliding transmission shafts 47 which are slidably arranged in the hollow rotating shafts 50 are driven to rotate synchronously, when the hollow rods 46 move downwards to a certain position, the pressure plate 48 is slidably connected with the extension annular plate 49, the hollow rods 46 continuously move downwards to drive the pressure plate 48 to extrude the extension annular plate 49, so that the vibration pressing plate 13 at the lower end of the extension annular plate 49 extrudes the cement, and simultaneously, the vibration stirring rods 35 which are slidably arranged on the vibration pressing plate 13 drive the vibration pressing plate 13 to vibrate, make the inside air escape of cement, the whole real surface of porcelain more of cement is more level and more smooth, pivoted slip transmission shaft 47 simultaneously drives rolling disc 37 and rotates, it rotates around slip transmission shaft 47 to drive collection pole 38, block protruding on collecting pole 38 through fixed dog 36 that sets up on vibrations clamp plate 13 and make collection pole 38 open, collect unnecessary cement, and push cement to vibrations stirring rod 35 left side through torque spring 40's shrink, can compress tightly and strickle the cement road surface of laying, the inside air of effectual cement of getting rid of, make the whole real surface of porcelain more of cement level and more smooth, and can collect unnecessary cement when the flattening and recycle.

The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, and not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all modifications of equivalent structures and equivalent processes, which are made by using the contents of the present specification and the accompanying drawings, or directly or indirectly applied to other related technical fields, are included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. The utility model provides a cement road surfacing leveling equipment, includes casing (10), its characterized in that, casing (10) left side is equipped with cement unloader, the inside bent axle cement vibrator that is equipped with of casing (10), bent axle cement vibrator is used for shaking the cement of laying and makes its texture even, removes the air between the cement side by side, the fixed two fixed buffer blocks (23) that are equipped with of symmetry on the lateral wall around casing (10) is inside, two be equipped with linkage closing device between fixed buffer block (23).

2. A cement road-surfacing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: cement unloader is including fixed setting up left cement box (11) of casing (10), cement box (11) lower extreme symmetry is equipped with two wheels (12), cement box (11) inside symmetry is equipped with two fixed slip tables (15), two slip between fixed slip table (15) and be equipped with flitch (16) under cement, flitch (16) lower extreme symmetry is articulated to be equipped with two hinge bars (17) under cement, cement box (11) inside slip is equipped with cement and accepts board (21), cement is accepted board (21) and is gone up the fixed dwang (22) that is equipped with of symmetry, two dwang (22) and two hinge bar (17) lower extreme is articulated, every hinge bar (17) middle part with the spout sliding connection on cement accepts board (21), cement box (11) inside is fixed and is equipped with fixed guide block (18), a scraper (20) is arranged in the fixed guide block (18) in a sliding mode, a compression spring (19) is connected between the scraper (20) and the fixed guide block (18), and the scraper (20) is connected with the cement bearing plate (21) in a sliding mode.

3. A cement road-surfacing apparatus according to claim 2, wherein: the crankshaft cement vibration device comprises a crankshaft which is rotatably arranged on the front side surface and the rear side surface of a shell (10), a plurality of crankshaft large shaft diameters (30) are arranged on the crankshaft, every two crankshaft small shaft diameters (51) are arranged between the crankshaft large shaft diameters (30), each crankshaft large shaft diameter (30) is fixedly provided with a hollow wheel (31), the hollow wheel (31) is provided with a plurality of shifting plates (32) in a rotating mode along the circumferential direction, the hollow wheel (31) is provided with a plurality of sliding rods (42) in a sliding mode along the circumferential direction, each sliding rod (42) is connected with a compression spring (41) between the hollow wheel (31), each sliding rod (42) is fixedly provided with a sliding top plate (43), each sliding top plate (43) is fixedly connected with the shifting plates (32), each crankshaft small shaft diameter (51) is provided with a short hinged rod (33) in a rotating mode, and each short hinged rod (33) is provided with a shock pad (34) in a hinged mode, and a vibration stirring rod (35) is fixedly arranged on each shock pad (34).

4. A cement road-surfacing apparatus according to claim 3, wherein: linkage closing device slides including the symmetry and sets up two extension rod (29) on lateral wall around casing (10), every extension rod (29) with be connected with reset spring (24), two between fixed buffer block (23) be connected with roof (27) between extension rod (29), roof (27) with dial board (32) sliding connection, roof (27) are gone up the fixed two hinges (28) that are equipped with of symmetry, every hinge on hinge (28) is equipped with long hinge and connects pole (26), casing (10) is inside around on the lateral wall symmetry fixed be equipped with two pivot (25), pivot (25) with long hinge connects pole (26) swivelling joint.

5. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein: the cement collecting device comprises two hollow rods (46) which are hinged to each other and arranged on the long hinged rod (26), a pressure plate (48) is fixedly arranged at the lower end of each hollow rod (46), a hollow rotating shaft (50) is arranged inside each hollow rod (46) in a rotating and sliding mode, a bump (45) is fixedly arranged on each hollow rotating shaft (50), the bump (45) is meshed with the hollow rods (46) in an internal mode, a sliding transmission shaft (47) is arranged inside each hollow rotating shaft (50) in a sliding mode, an extension annular plate (49) is fixedly arranged on each sliding transmission shaft (47), a tension spring (44) is connected between each extension annular plate (49) and each hollow rotating shaft (50), a rotating disc (37) is fixedly arranged at the lower end of each sliding transmission shaft (47), and a plurality of collecting rods (38) are arranged on each rotating disc (37) in a rotating mode in the circumferential direction in an extending mode, a torsion spring (40) is connected between each collecting rod (38) and the rotating disc (37).

6. A cement road-surfacing apparatus according to claim 5, wherein: leveling device is including fixed setting two vibrations clamp plate (13) of slip transmission shaft (47) lower extreme, vibrations clamp plate (13) upper end symmetry is fixed and is equipped with two dog (36), dog (36) with collect protruding sliding connection on pole (38), vibrations clamp plate (13) with vibrations stirring rod (35) sliding connection, vibrations clamp plate (13) front end is fixed and is equipped with screed (14).