CN113880654A - Granulating process and equipment for water-soluble compound fertilizer - Google Patents
Granulating process and equipment for water-soluble compound fertilizer Download PDFInfo
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- CN113880654A CN113880654A CN202111229850.5A CN202111229850A CN113880654A CN 113880654 A CN113880654 A CN 113880654A CN 202111229850 A CN202111229850 A CN 202111229850A CN 113880654 A CN113880654 A CN 113880654A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/40—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity for affecting fertiliser dosage or release rate; for affecting solubility
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2/00—Processes or devices for granulating materials, e.g. fertilisers in general; Rendering particulate materials free flowing in general, e.g. making them hydrophobic
- B01J2/003—Processes or devices for granulating materials, e.g. fertilisers in general; Rendering particulate materials free flowing in general, e.g. making them hydrophobic followed by coating of the granules
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2/00—Processes or devices for granulating materials, e.g. fertilisers in general; Rendering particulate materials free flowing in general, e.g. making them hydrophobic
- B01J2/02—Processes or devices for granulating materials, e.g. fertilisers in general; Rendering particulate materials free flowing in general, e.g. making them hydrophobic by dividing the liquid material into drops, e.g. by spraying, and solidifying the drops
- B01J2/04—Processes or devices for granulating materials, e.g. fertilisers in general; Rendering particulate materials free flowing in general, e.g. making them hydrophobic by dividing the liquid material into drops, e.g. by spraying, and solidifying the drops in a gaseous medium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/10—Solid or semi-solid fertilisers, e.g. powders
- C05G5/12—Granules or flakes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/30—Layered or coated, e.g. dust-preventing coatings
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Abstract
The invention relates to a granulation process of a water-soluble compound fertilizer, which comprises the following steps: ammonium nitrate phosphorus, agricultural monoammonium, potassium chloride, potassium sulfate, first trace fertilizer, ammonium sulfate, anhydrous magnesium sulfate, algin and alginate oligosaccharide; the compound fertilizer granulation process comprises the following steps: s1, melting ammonium phosphate nitrate, and uniformly stirring the melted ammonium phosphate nitrate, the agricultural monoammonium sulfate and the potassium sulfate; s2, extracting a part of the molten liquid, adding the molten liquid and mixing the molten liquid with the algin; s3, preparing particles through a granulation tower; s4, performing first coating by using hydrogen oxide powder, zeolite powder and sulfur; carrying out secondary coating by polystyrene, normal temperature curing liquid glue and adding DMF liquid; carrying out third coating through paraffin; s5, conveying the mixture into a regulator drum, and absorbing diatomite for coating; then screening to form a finished product. Also discloses a granulation device of the granulation process of the water-soluble compound fertilizer. The invention achieves the following beneficial effects: can release nutrients at a medium speed to meet the requirements of plant growth; and the corresponding equipment effectively ensures the performance of the fertilizer.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of compound fertilizer preparation, in particular to a granulating process and a granulating device for a water-soluble compound fertilizer.
Background
In the production of the compound fertilizer, a soil nutrient condition is measured by using a measuring soil formula, and the application amount, the application period and the application method of fertilizers such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, medium and trace elements are provided on the basis of soil test and fertilizer field test according to the fertilizer requirement rule of crops, the fertilizer supply performance of soil and the fertilizer effect on the basis of reasonable application of organic fertilizers. Namely, the compound fertilizer and soil fertilizer supply together provide nutrients for crops.
Compared with quick-acting fertilizers, the control of the release speed of the compound fertilizer is very important; when the soil is fertilized quantitatively, a suitable amount of compound fertilizer (i.e., a suitable release rate) is required to provide a suitable amount of total nutrients to the crop. The release rate of the compound fertilizer is usually realized according to the preparation process. During preparation, core components are granulated (common granulation processes comprise drum granulation, disc granulation, spray granulation, high tower granulation and the like), and then a coating process is carried out; the release rate is controlled by the coating. Common coating release-retarding materials are resins or sulfur, but the action of these approaches is often limited.
In the resin coating, the release principle is as follows: after fertilization, soil moisture enters from the membrane holes, dissolves a part of nutrients and then is released through the membrane holes; after the nutrients at the released part are absorbed by crops, the concentration of the nutrients at the outer side of the film is reduced, so that the difference between the concentration inside and outside the film is large, and the speed of the nutrients passing through the film is further increased; this is a physical sustained release type of release. The fertilizer-raising speed of the fertilizer is controlled by adjusting the components and the thickness of the coating material. However, in any case, the resin film must have a certain thickness (otherwise, the film is easily broken and does not exhibit a sustained release effect); the membrane has a certain thickness, which is equivalent to the superposition of a plurality of thin layers, so that the pore size of the membrane is small on the whole, and nutrients cannot be well released (the release time is generally 3-6 months). The long release time can cause less nutrients to be released in unit time, which cannot meet the requirement of crop growth, so that the amount of the compound fertilizer can be increased or the compound fertilizer can be used together with other fertilizers. That is, the resin coating method, although it can achieve sustained release, is somewhat too slow to meet the requirement of release at a medium rate.
In the sulfur coating, the sulfur is coated and then wrapped by paraffin, and the release principle is as follows: the sulfur used by the coating is gradually oxidized into sulfuric acid under the action of soil microorganisms for being absorbed and utilized by crops; after the membrane is broken down, the internal nutrients are released for the plants to absorb. In the initial stage, the internal nutrients are not available to the plant.
In addition, the traditional granulation equipment is usually fed manually, namely, a square bag with a large volume (1-2 m3) is manually cut, and then is manually hammered for a long time, and then is fed; therefore, the material is exposed in the air for a long time and is easy to react with moisture and other substances in the air, thereby affecting the performance of the fertilizer. Meanwhile, the structure of the granulation tower is improved, and the production efficiency is improved on the basis of improving the quality of the fertilizer.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a granulating process and a granulating device of a water-soluble compound fertilizer.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a granulation process of a water-soluble compound fertilizer, wherein the water-soluble compound fertilizer comprises the following steps: ammonium nitrate phosphorus, agricultural monoammonium, potassium chloride, potassium sulfate, first trace fertilizer, ammonium sulfate, anhydrous magnesium sulfate, algin and alginate oligosaccharide;
the compound fertilizer granulation process comprises the following steps:
s1, adding ammonium phosphate nitrate into the heating and stirring tank I, melting, adding agricultural monoammonium sulfate and potassium sulfate, and finally adding the brown algae oligosaccharide, and stirring uniformly under the condition of keeping the temperature unchanged;
s2, extracting a part of the liquid uniformly stirred in the step S1, placing the part of the liquid in a heating and stirring tank II, adding algin into the heating and stirring tank II, and uniformly stirring within 10-20 min;
s3, after the stirring in the step S2 is finished, immediately conveying the mixture to the top of a granulation tower, and preparing particles in a spray cooling mode;
s4, coating;
coating for the first time, namely uniformly mixing hydrogen peroxide powder and zeolite powder, adding the mixture into molten sulfur slurry, and uniformly stirring to form mixed slurry; spraying the mixed slurry on the granulation particles in the sulfur-coated rotary drum under pressure, and cooling by a fluidized bed to form inner layer film particles;
carrying out secondary coating, namely conveying inner layer film particles into the first rotary drum; polystyrene, normal-temperature curing liquid glue, DMF liquid are added and heated, and the mixture is sprayed on the particles in the first rotary drum under the action of pressure; then cooling by a fluidized bed to form intermediate film particles;
feeding the intermediate film particles into a second rotary drum, coating the intermediate film particles by molten paraffin with pressure, and cooling the intermediate film particles by a fluidized bed to form outer layer film particles;
s5, conveying the mixture into a regulator drum, and absorbing diatomite for coating; then screening to form a finished product.
Further, in step S4, during the first coating, the hydrogen peroxide powder, the zeolite powder and the sulfur are mixed according to a ratio of 1:1: 2; in step S4, the proportion of the normal temperature curing liquid glue during the second coating is based on that the polystyrene and DMF liquid can be well attached to the inner layer film particles, and the normal release of the fertilizer is not affected.
Further, in the water-soluble compound fertilizer, by weight, 35-40 parts of ammonium nitrate phosphorus, 25-30 parts of agricultural monoammonium, 2-4 parts of potassium chloride, 20-30 parts of potassium sulfate, 0.5-1 part of a first trace fertilizer, 4-5 parts of ammonium sulfate, 2-4 parts of anhydrous magnesium sulfate, 4-5 parts of algin and 0.1-0.2 part of alginate oligosaccharide; the purity of agricultural monoammonium is 60%, the purity of potassium chloride is 97%, and the purity of potassium sulfate is 52%.
Further, during the first coating, the mixed slurry is heated to 195 ℃ and then sprayed; when the coating is cooled by a fluidized bed after each time of coating, the cooling air is less than or equal to 41 ℃; and during the first coating, the second coating and the third coating, spraying the corresponding mixed liquid material in an atomizing manner under the pressure of 6.8-10.5 Mpa.
Further, in the step S1, during feeding, the components are loaded in the corresponding pockets, and the materials are automatically cut by the rotatable electric saw structure to form a larger material pile; the material pile is gradually scraped into scattered powder when the material pile travels through the scraping structure, and the distributed material is sent into the heating stirring tank I through the scraping structure; in step S3, the slurry sprayed by the prilling tower is decelerated by a plurality of buffer units, and after the slurry is primarily formed into particles, the particles are blown into the spiral material channel on the wall of the prilling tower for further cooling.
The granulation equipment for the granulation process of the water-soluble compound fertilizer comprises a cutting feeding mechanism, a heating and stirring tank I, a heating and stirring tank II, a granulation tower and coating equipment which are sequentially connected; the cutting and feeding mechanism comprises a material groove, a rotatable electric saw structure and a material scraping structure; the left end of the material groove is provided with an open feeding hole, the bottom surface of the inner part of the right end of the material groove is provided with a material leaking hopper, a lifting rope walking structure is arranged above the material groove, a material scraping structure capable of walking along the direction is arranged in the material groove, and the material scraping structure is provided with a rotatable material scraping plate; the lifting rope walking structure lifts the material bag into the material groove, and the electric saw structure cuts open the material bag to expose the material; the scraping structure moves towards the left end and scrapes the exposed materials gradually through the scraping plate, and the materials fall into the hopper.
Furthermore, the rotatable electric saw structure comprises a rotating shaft, an electric saw and a positive and negative self-locking motor, wherein the rotating shaft is arranged on the side wall of the material groove through a supporting seat and is driven by the positive and negative self-locking motor, and the electric saw is arranged with the rotating shaft through a key;
the scraping structure comprises a walking block and a scraping plate, the walking block is mounted with chutes on two sides of the trough in a matching way through a roller, the walking block is mounted with the scraping plate through a vertical shaft and a support rod, and the section of the scraping plate is L-shaped;
the lifting rope walking structure comprises a beam rail frame, an upper walking plate and a lower walking disc, wherein the upper walking plate walks along the beam rail frame; an upright post is fixed on the bottom surface of the upper walking plate, the bottom end of the upright post is disc-shaped, the lower walking plate is sleeved at the bottom end of the upright post, a ball is arranged between the lower walking plate and the upright post, and a lifting rope is arranged on the bottom surface of the lower walking plate;
the bottom surface of the upper walking plate is provided with a bag rotating motor, the bag rotating motor is meshed with the outer disc side of the lower walking plate through a corresponding driving wheel, and the lifting rope drives the material bag to rotate when the bag rotating motor works.
Furthermore, in the granulation tower, a plurality of buffer units are arranged at the upper part of the granulation tower, and a spiral material channel is arranged at the lower part of the granulation tower along the inner wall; the buffer unit is arranged along the cross section of the tower body and is provided with a plurality of upward cold air outlets, and the cold air blown out of the cold air outlets reduces the falling speed of the material sprayed out by the rotary spray head; and a main pipeline A is arranged at the spiral material channel along the axis of the tower body, an air port window is arranged on the main pipeline A, and cold air at the air port window blows the material on the spiral material channel for sufficient cooling.
Furthermore, the buffer unit comprises a main pipeline B, the tail end of the main pipeline B is positioned at the axis of the tower body, and a plurality of branch pipes with cold air outlets are mounted on the cylindrical surface of the main pipeline B; the branch pipe is provided with a filter screen A at a cold air outlet.
Furthermore, a filter screen B is arranged at an air port window on the main pipeline A at the spiral material channel, and the air port window blows cold air outwards along the radial direction; the air port window on the main pipeline A gradually increases the cold air strength from top to bottom; the spiral material channel is spaced from the main pipeline A, and some materials fall down from the space and are blown to the spiral material channel by cold air of the air port window below.
The invention has the following advantages: can release nutrients at a medium speed to meet the requirements of plant growth; and the corresponding equipment effectively ensures the performance of the fertilizer.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a cutting and feeding mechanism;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a lifting rope walking structure;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the electric saw rotating downward to cut the pocket;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the electric saw in an upward rotating state;
FIG. 5 is a schematic top view of the trough;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the overall structure of a prilling tower;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the structure within the tower;
FIG. 8 is a schematic structural view of the upper tower;
FIG. 9 is a schematic structural view of the lower tower;
FIG. 10 is a schematic view of the structure at the top of the tower;
FIG. 11 is a schematic view of the structure at the bottom of the tower;
FIG. 12 is a photograph comparison of 7 days after the test;
FIG. 13 is a photograph comparison of 20 days after the test;
FIG. 14 is a photograph comparison of 40 days after the test;
in the figure: 100-a prilling tower, 1-a tower body, 2-a rotary nozzle, 3-a buffer unit, 4-a spiral material channel, 5-a main pipe A, 6-an air port window, 7-a main pipe B, 8-a branch pipe, 9-an upper tower body, 10-a lower tower body, 11-a material pipe, 12-a material distribution pipe, 13-a storage bin, 14-a support protection bracket, 15-a connecting piece, 16-a vibration motor, 17-a bottom plate, 18-a central barrel, 19-a vertical rotating motor, 20-a central rotating motor and 21-a material driving auger rod;
300-cutting feeding mechanism, 31-trough, 3101-feeding hole, 3102-discharge hopper, 3103-cutting knife seam, 32-electric saw structure, 33-scraping structure, 34-lifting rope walking structure, 35-scraping plate, 36-material bag, 37-rotating shaft, 38-electric saw, 39-positive and negative self-locking motor, 40-walking block, 41-cross beam rail frame, 42-upper walking plate, 43-lower walking disc, 44-upright post, 45-ball, 46-lifting rope and 47-bag rotating motor.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the scope of the invention is not limited to the following.
Example 1
A granulation process of a water-soluble compound fertilizer comprises the following steps: 35 parts of ammonium phosphate nitrate, 25 parts of agricultural monoammonium, 2 parts of potassium chloride, 20 parts of potassium sulfate, 0.5 part of first trace fertilizer, 4 parts of ammonium sulfate, 2 parts of anhydrous magnesium sulfate, 4 parts of algin and 0.1 part of alginate oligosaccharide; wherein, the purity of the agricultural monoammonium is 60 percent, the purity of the potassium chloride is 97 percent, and the purity of the potassium sulfate is 52 percent.
The compound fertilizer granulation process comprises the following steps:
s1, adding ammonium phosphate nitrate into the heating and stirring tank I, melting, adding agricultural monoammonium sulfate and potassium sulfate, and finally adding the brown algae oligosaccharide, and stirring uniformly under the condition of keeping the temperature unchanged; in the feeding process, all the components are put in respective material bags 36, an electric saw structure 32 is adopted for automatic cutting to form a material pile, a material scraping structure 33 is adopted for gradually scraping the material pile, and the scraped dispersed powder material is immediately put into use, so that the material is prevented from contacting air for a long time;
s2, extracting a part of the liquid uniformly stirred in the step S1, placing the part of the liquid in a heating and stirring tank II, adding algin into the heating and stirring tank II, stirring for 15min, and uniformly stirring;
s3, after the stirring in the step S2 is finished, immediately conveying the mixture to the top of a granulation tower 100, and preparing particles in a spray cooling mode; during spraying, the whole weight of the sprayed single liquid is heavier than that of the conventional compound fertilizer, so that the upper part of the granulation tower 100 is decelerated by adopting a plurality of buffer units 3, and simultaneously, the lower part of the granulation tower 100 blows the preliminarily cooled particles into the spiral material channel 4 on the wall of the granulation tower 100 for further cooling, thereby avoiding the particles from being re-cracked in the descending process;
s4, coating;
uniformly mixing hydrogen peroxide powder and zeolite powder, adding the mixture into molten sulfur slurry, and uniformly stirring to form mixed slurry, wherein the weight ratio of the hydrogen peroxide powder to the zeolite powder to the sulfur is 1:1: 2; heating the mixed slurry to 195 ℃, spraying the heated mixed slurry on the granulation particles in the sulfur-coated rotary drum under the pressure of 10.5MPa, and cooling the granules by a fluidized bed under the cooling air at the temperature of less than or equal to 41 ℃ to form inner layer film particles;
carrying out secondary coating, namely conveying inner layer film particles into the first rotary drum; polystyrene, normal-temperature curing liquid glue, DMF liquid are added and heated, and the mixture is sprayed on the particles in the first rotary drum under the action of 8.6MPa pressure; then cooling the mixture by a fluidized bed under cooling air at the temperature of less than or equal to 41 ℃ to form intermediate film particles; the proportion of the normal-temperature curing liquid glue is based on that polystyrene and DMF liquid can be well attached to inner-layer film particles, and the normal release of the fertilizer is not influenced;
performing third coating, namely feeding intermediate film particles into a second rotary drum, coating the intermediate film particles by using molten paraffin with the pressure of 6.8MPa, and cooling the intermediate film particles by using a fluidized bed at the temperature of less than or equal to 41 ℃ to form outer film particles;
s5, conveying the mixture into a regulator drum, and absorbing diatomite for coating; then screening to form a finished product.
Example 2
A granulation process of a water-soluble compound fertilizer comprises the following steps: 37.5 parts of ammonium phosphate nitrate, 27.5 parts of agricultural monoammonium, 3 parts of potassium chloride, 25 parts of potassium sulfate, 0.75 part of first trace fertilizer, 4.5 parts of ammonium sulfate, 3 parts of anhydrous magnesium sulfate, 4.5 parts of algin and 0.15 part of alginate oligosaccharide; wherein, the purity of the agricultural monoammonium is 60 percent, the purity of the potassium chloride is 97 percent, and the purity of the potassium sulfate is 52 percent.
In this embodiment, the granulation process of the compound fertilizer is similar to that of embodiment 1, and the corresponding pressure and temperature are the same, except that the mixing time is 18min when the algin is added and mixed in step S2.
Example 3
A granulation process of a water-soluble compound fertilizer comprises the following steps: 40 parts of ammonium phosphate nitrate, 30 parts of agricultural monoammonium, 4 parts of potassium chloride, 30 parts of potassium sulfate, 1 part of first trace fertilizer, 5 parts of ammonium sulfate, 4 parts of anhydrous magnesium sulfate, 5 parts of algin and 0.2 part of alginate oligosaccharide; wherein, the purity of the agricultural monoammonium is 60 percent, the purity of the potassium chloride is 97 percent, and the purity of the potassium sulfate is 52 percent.
In this embodiment, the granulation process of the compound fertilizer is similar to that of embodiment 1, and the corresponding pressure and temperature are the same, except that the stirring time is 20min when the algin is added and stirred in step S2.
In the above three embodiments, the stirring time in step S2 is determined by the amount, and in the case of uniform stirring, the stirring cannot be performed for a long time.
In order to verify the effect of the new compound fertilizer (prepared by the water-soluble compound fertilizer process in the scheme), a comparison test is carried out:
the above example 1, example 2 and example 3 were adopted as treatment one, treatment two and treatment three, respectively;
in the fourth treatment, the components and the process are similar to the scheme, and the difference is that: replacing the hydrogen peroxide powder in the step S2 with the same amount of zeolite powder;
in the fifth treatment, the components and the process are similar to the scheme, and the difference is that: replacing the hydrogen peroxide powder in the step S2 with the same amount of zeolite powder; the second coating is not carried out;
in the sixth treatment, the components and the process are similar to the scheme, but the difference points are that: replacing the hydrogen peroxide powder in the step S2 with the same amount of zeolite powder; no algin was added.
The first embodiment, the second embodiment and the third embodiment are respectively used as the first process, the second process and the third process.
The results of the experiment are shown in fig. 12, 13 and 14, wherein fig. 12 is a comparison chart of 7 days of the experiment, fig. 13 is a comparison chart of 20 days of the experiment, and fig. 14 is a comparison chart of 40 days of the experiment.
The three embodiments are all prepared by adopting the granulation equipment of the granulation process of the water-soluble compound fertilizer shown in the figures 1 to 11. The granulation equipment for the granulation process of the water-soluble compound fertilizer comprises a cutting feeding mechanism 300, a heating and stirring tank I, a heating and stirring tank II, a granulation tower 100 and coating equipment, wherein the cutting and feeding mechanism 300, the heating and stirring tank I, the heating and stirring tank II and the granulation tower 100 are sequentially connected. The cutting feed mechanism 300, the heating and stirring tank I and the heating and stirring tank II are used for completing the steps S1 and S2, the granulation tower 100 is used for completing the step S3, and the coating equipment is used for completing the steps S4 and S5.
As shown in fig. 1 and 5, the cutting feed mechanism 300 includes a trough 31, a rotatable electric saw structure 32, and a scraper structure 33; a trough 31, the left end of which is an open feed inlet 3101, the inner bottom surface of the right end of which is provided with a leakage hopper 3102, a lifting rope walking structure 34 is arranged above the trough 31, a scraping structure 33 capable of walking along the acting direction is arranged in the trough, and the scraping structure 33 is provided with a rotatable scraping plate 35; the lifting rope walking structure 34 lifts the material bag 36 into the material groove 31, and the electric saw structure 32 cuts the material bag 36 to expose the material; the scraping structure 33 runs to the left end and gradually scrapes the exposed material through the scraping plate 35 and lets the material fall into the hopper 3102.
Optionally, as shown in fig. 2, the lifting rope walking structure 34 includes a cross rail frame 41, an upper walking plate 42, and a lower walking disc 43, where the upper walking plate 42 walks along the cross rail frame 41; an upright post 44 is fixed on the bottom surface of the upper walking plate 42, the bottom end of the upright post 44 is disc-shaped, the lower walking plate 43 is sleeved at the bottom end of the upright post 44, a ball 45 is arranged between the lower walking plate and the upright post 44, and a lifting rope 46 is arranged on the bottom surface of the lower walking plate 43; the bottom surface of the upper traveling plate 42 is provided with a bag rotating motor 47, the bag rotating motor 47 is engaged with the outer side of the lower traveling plate 43 through a corresponding driving wheel, and the lifting rope 46 drives the material bag 36 to rotate when the bag rotating motor 47 works.
Optionally, as shown in fig. 3 and 4, the rotatable electric saw structure 32 includes a rotating shaft 37, an electric saw 38, and a positive and negative self-locking motor 39, the rotating shaft 37 is mounted on the side wall of the supporting seat mounting trough 31 and driven by the positive and negative self-locking motor 39, and the electric saw 38 is mounted on the rotating shaft 37 through a key. Scrape material structure 33, including walking block 40, scrape flitch 35, walking block 40 is installed through the spout adaptation that gyro wheel and silo 31 both sides were kept away, and walking block 40 is installed through vertical axis, branch and is scraped flitch 35, and it is the L type to scrape flitch 35 cross-section.
In order to make the electric saw 38 cut the material bag 36 well, the electric saw 38 can rotate 180 degrees, a cutting knife slit 3103 is arranged on the side wall of the trough 31 fixed on the electric saw 38, and the electric saw 38 rotates.
The cutting feed mechanism 300, the heating stirring tank I and the heating stirring tank II are not positioned on the same plane, and the bottom surface of the cutting feed mechanism 300 is inclined, and the closer to one side of the leakage hopper 3102 of the material tank 31, the lower the height is. Due to the long-term placement of the material bag 36, the material therein is already agglomerated; in the scheme, the electric saw 38 is cut into two parts and rolls towards 3102 under the action of gravity; while the scraper plate 35 rotates to gradually scrape the cut material pieces away. If the cut material block does not move rightwards, manual material pushing is needed, or an air cylinder or an oil cylinder capable of pushing material is designed for realizing.
As shown in fig. 6 to 11, the granulation tower 100 includes a tower body 1, a slurry inlet is provided at the top of the tower body 1, a particle outlet is provided at the bottom, a rotary nozzle 2 is provided in the tower body 1 near the top, and a material gathering mechanism is provided at the bottom; in the tower body 1, a plurality of buffer units 3 are arranged at the upper part, and a spiral material channel 4 is arranged at the lower part along the inner wall. The buffer unit 3 is arranged along the cross section of the tower body 1 and is provided with a plurality of upward cold air outlets, and the cold air blown out from the cold air outlets reduces the falling speed of the material sprayed out by the rotary spray head. And a main pipeline A5 is arranged at the position of the spiral material channel 4 along the axis of the tower body 1, an air port window 6 is arranged on the main pipeline A5, and cold air at the air port window 6 blows the material on the spiral material channel 4 for sufficient cooling.
When the rotary nozzle 2 sprays the material, the material is initially in a slurry drop-mass shape and is gradually cooled in the descending process to form externally solidified particles; the buffer unit 3 generates upward cold air, applies upward force to the externally solidified particles, reduces the descending acceleration of the particles, prolongs the cooling time, can effectively reduce the final speed of the particles, avoids the particles from being crushed when the particles finally fall and stop, and improves the yield. When the material enters into spiral material way 4, radially outwards apply cold wind through wind gap window 6, this cold wind blows some materials to spiral material way 4 on, lets the material roll on spiral material way 4, compares and directly drops in the tradition, can cool off more effectively, and the speed of final whereabouts is far less than the refrigerated speed of traditional mode, further improves the leveling rate.
Optionally, the buffer unit 3 includes a main pipe B7, the end of the main pipe B7 is located at the axis of the tower body 1, and a plurality of branch pipes 8 with cold air outlets are installed on the cylindrical surface of the main pipe B7; the branch pipe 8 is provided with a filter screen A at a cold air outlet. In the tower body 1, the number of the branch pipes 8 of the lower buffer unit 3 is larger than that of the upper buffer unit 3, and the cold wind intensity of the lower buffer unit 3 is larger than that of the upper buffer unit 3. When the material is initially lowered, the initial speed is not high, so that the strength of cold air is not high, and the material is at least required to fall; when the material is lowered to a certain height, the material speed is increased, and the corresponding cold air intensity is increased.
Optionally, a filter screen B is arranged at the air port window 6 on the main pipeline a5 at the spiral material passage 4, and the air port window 6 blows cold air outwards along the radial direction; the air port window 6 on the main pipeline A5 gradually increases the cold air strength from top to bottom; the spiral material channel 4 is spaced from the main pipeline A5, and some materials fall from the space and are blown onto the spiral material channel 4 by cold air of the lower tuyere window 6.
The spiral material channel 4 is a steel plate, and the bottom surface of the spiral material channel is provided with a vibration motor 16. When the material reaches the spiral material channel 4, a stacking phenomenon may occur, and after all, the particles are smaller, and the vibration motor 16 can avoid the stacking phenomenon. Of course the vibration motor 16 may also be rotated in a manner to effect vibration by pneumatic actuation.
Optionally, the rotary sprayer 2 is installed on an annular material pipe 11, and the material pipe 11 is connected with a storage bin 13 at the top of the tower body 1 through a plurality of circumferentially arranged material distributing pipes 12. Ensure the material in the material pipe 11 to be even in all places, and the material sprayed by the rotary nozzle 2 can be evenly distributed at the position of the tower body 1 close to the top.
Optionally, for the material gathering mechanism, a bottom plate 17 is arranged at the bottom of the tower body 1, and a central cylinder 18 is arranged at the center of the bottom plate 17; a driving device is arranged above the central cylinder 18 at the center of the bottom plate 17, the driving device comprises a vertical rotating motor 19, a horizontal rotating motor 20 is arranged on the side surface of the vertical rotating motor 19, and the vertical rotating motor 19 is fixed on the central cylinder 18 through a support rod; the horizontal rotating motor 20 is provided with a material driving auger rod 21; when the material driving auger rod 21 rotates, the materials are gathered to the central cylinder 18; the driving auger rod 21 causes all material on the bottom plate 17 to be collected at the central drum 18 as it rotates circumferentially about the vertical rotation motor 19.
Optionally, the tower body 1 is divided into an upper tower body 9 and a lower tower body 10, the buffer unit 3 is located in the upper tower body 9, and the spiral material channel 4 and the main pipeline a5 are located in the lower tower body 10; the lower shell 10 has a larger diameter than the upper shell 9. When cold air of the lower tower body 10 enters the upper tower body 9, compressed high-pressure gas is formed, and the speed of the material is further reduced. And, the support protection support 14 is provided outside the body of the tower 1, and it is fixedly connected with the body of the tower 1 through the connecting piece 15, and is provided with the buffer layer between the connecting piece 15 and the body of the tower 1. The supporting protective bracket 14 is provided to reinforce strength due to the presence of the vibration motor 16.
The above examples only represent preferred embodiments, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The granulating process of the water-soluble compound fertilizer is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the water-soluble compound fertilizer comprises: ammonium nitrate phosphorus, agricultural monoammonium, potassium chloride, potassium sulfate, first trace fertilizer, ammonium sulfate, anhydrous magnesium sulfate, algin and alginate oligosaccharide;
the compound fertilizer granulation process comprises the following steps:
s1, adding ammonium phosphate nitrate into the heating and stirring tank I, melting, adding agricultural monoammonium sulfate and potassium sulfate, and finally adding the brown algae oligosaccharide, and stirring uniformly under the condition of keeping the temperature unchanged;
s2, extracting a part of the liquid uniformly stirred in the step S1, placing the part of the liquid in a heating and stirring tank II, adding algin into the heating and stirring tank II, and uniformly stirring within 10-20 min;
s3, after the stirring in the step S2 is finished, immediately conveying the mixture to the top of a granulation tower (100), and preparing particles in a spray cooling mode;
s4, coating;
coating for the first time, namely uniformly mixing hydrogen peroxide powder and zeolite powder, adding the mixture into molten sulfur slurry, and uniformly stirring to form mixed slurry; spraying the mixed slurry on the granulation particles in the sulfur-coated rotary drum under pressure, and cooling by a fluidized bed to form inner layer film particles;
carrying out secondary coating, namely conveying inner layer film particles into the first rotary drum; polystyrene, normal-temperature curing liquid glue, DMF liquid are added and heated, and the mixture is sprayed on the particles in the first rotary drum under the action of pressure; then cooling by a fluidized bed to form intermediate film particles;
feeding the intermediate film particles into a second rotary drum, coating the intermediate film particles by molten paraffin with pressure, and cooling the intermediate film particles by a fluidized bed to form outer layer film particles;
s5, conveying the mixture into a regulator drum, and absorbing diatomite for coating; then screening to form a finished product.
2. The granulation process of the water-soluble compound fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in step S4, when the first coating is carried out, the hydrogen peroxide powder, the zeolite powder and the sulfur are mixed according to the proportion of 1:1: 2;
in step S4, the proportion of the normal temperature curing liquid glue during the second coating is based on that the polystyrene and DMF liquid can be well attached to the inner layer film particles, and the normal release of the fertilizer is not affected.
3. The granulation process of the water-soluble compound fertilizer as claimed in claim 2, wherein: in the water-soluble compound fertilizer, by weight, 35-40 parts of ammonium nitrate phosphorus, 25-30 parts of agricultural monoammonium, 2-4 parts of potassium chloride, 20-30 parts of potassium sulfate, 0.5-1 part of first micro-fertilizer, 4-5 parts of ammonium sulfate, 2-4 parts of anhydrous magnesium sulfate, 4-5 parts of algin and 0.1-0.2 part of alginate oligosaccharide;
the purity of the agricultural monoammonium is 60%, the purity of the potassium chloride is 97%, and the purity of the potassium sulfate is 52%.
4. The granulation process of the water-soluble compound fertilizer as claimed in claim 3, wherein: during the first coating, the mixed slurry is heated to 195 ℃ and then sprayed; when the coating is cooled by a fluidized bed after each time of coating, the cooling air is less than or equal to 41 ℃;
and during the first coating, the second coating and the third coating, the corresponding mixed liquid material is subjected to atomization spraying under the pressure of 6.8-10.5 Mpa.
5. The granulation process of water-soluble compound fertilizer as claimed in claim 4, wherein: in the step S1, when feeding, the components are loaded in the corresponding material bags (36), and the materials are automatically cut by the rotatable electric saw structure (32) to form a material pile in a larger block; the material pile is gradually scraped into scattered powder when the material pile travels through the scraping structure (33), and the distributed material is sent into the heating and stirring tank I through the scraping structure (33);
in the step S3, the slurry sprayed by the prilling tower (100) is decelerated by a plurality of buffer units (3) to be primarily formed into particles, and then blown into the spiral material channel (4) on the wall of the prilling tower (100) for further cooling.
6. The granulation equipment for the granulation process of the water-soluble compound fertilizer as claimed in claims 1 to 5, which is characterized in that: the granulation equipment comprises a cutting feeding mechanism (300), a heating and stirring tank I, a heating and stirring tank II, a granulation tower (100) and coating equipment, wherein the cutting feeding mechanism, the heating and stirring tank I, the heating and stirring tank II and the granulation tower (100) are sequentially connected;
the cutting and feeding mechanism (300) comprises a trough (31), a rotatable electric saw structure (32) and a scraping structure (33);
the left end of the material groove (31) is provided with an open feeding hole (3101), the bottom surface inside the right end of the material groove is provided with a material leaking hopper (3102), a lifting rope walking structure (34) is arranged above the material groove, a material scraping structure (33) capable of walking along the acting direction is arranged in the material groove, and the material scraping structure (33) is provided with a rotatable material scraping plate (35);
the lifting rope walking structure (34) lifts the material bag (36) into the material groove (31), and the electric saw structure (32) cuts the material bag (36) to expose the material; the scraping structure (33) runs to the left end and gradually scrapes the exposed materials through the scraping plate (35) and allows the materials to fall into the hopper (3102).
7. The granulation equipment for the granulation process of the water-soluble compound fertilizer as claimed in claim 6, wherein: the rotatable electric saw structure (32) comprises a rotating shaft (37), an electric saw (38) and a positive and negative self-locking motor (39), wherein the rotating shaft (37) is arranged on the side wall of the material groove (31) through a supporting seat and driven by the positive and negative self-locking motor (39), and the electric saw (38) is arranged with the rotating shaft (37) through a key;
the scraping structure (33) comprises a walking block (40) and a scraping plate (35), the walking block (40) is installed in a matched mode with sliding grooves on two sides of the trough (31) through rollers, the scraping plate (35) is installed on the walking block (40) through a vertical shaft and a supporting rod, and the section of the scraping plate (35) is L-shaped;
the lifting rope walking structure (34) comprises a cross beam track frame (41), an upper walking plate (42) and a lower walking disc (43), wherein the upper walking plate (42) walks along the cross beam track frame (41); an upright post (44) is fixed on the bottom surface of the upper walking plate (42), the bottom end of the upright post (44) is disc-shaped, a lower walking disc (43) is sleeved at the bottom end of the upright post (44), a ball (45) is arranged between the lower walking disc and the upright post, and a lifting rope (46) is arranged on the bottom surface of the lower walking disc (43);
the bottom surface of the upper walking plate (42) is provided with a bag rotating motor (47), the bag rotating motor (47) is meshed with the outer disc side of the lower walking plate (43) through a corresponding driving wheel, and the lifting rope (46) drives the material bag (36) to rotate when the bag rotating motor (47) works.
8. The granulation equipment for the granulation process of the water-soluble compound fertilizer as claimed in claim 7, wherein: in the granulation tower (100), a plurality of buffer units (3) are arranged at the upper part of the granulation tower, and spiral material channels (4) are arranged at the lower part of the granulation tower along the inner wall;
the buffer unit (3) is arranged along the section of the tower body (1) and is provided with a plurality of upward cold air outlets, and the cold air blown out of the cold air outlets reduces the falling speed of the material sprayed out by the rotary spray head;
the spiral material channel (4) is provided with a main pipeline A (5) along the axis of the tower body (1), an air port window (6) is arranged on the main pipeline A (5), and the cold air at the air port window (6) blows the material on the spiral material channel (4) for sufficient cooling.
9. The granulation equipment for the granulation process of the water-soluble compound fertilizer as claimed in claim 8, wherein: the buffer unit (3) comprises a main pipeline B (7), the tail end of the main pipeline B (7) is positioned at the axis of the tower body (1), and a plurality of branch pipes (8) with cold air outlets are arranged on the cylindrical surface of the main pipeline B (7);
the branch pipe (8) is provided with a filter screen A at the cold air outlet.
10. The granulation equipment for the granulation process of the water-soluble compound fertilizer as claimed in claim 9, wherein: a filter screen B is arranged at the position of an air port window (6) on the main pipeline A (5) at the position of the spiral material channel (4), and cold air is blown out from the air port window (6) along the radial direction;
the air port window (6) on the main pipeline A (5) gradually increases the cold air intensity from top to bottom;
the spiral material channel (4) and the main pipeline A (5) are spaced, and some materials fall from the space and are blown to the spiral material channel (4) by cold air of the lower air port window (6).
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| CN202111229850.5A CN113880654A (en) | 2021-10-21 | 2021-10-21 | Granulating process and equipment for water-soluble compound fertilizer |
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Cited By (1)
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| CN114956891A (en) * | 2022-05-18 | 2022-08-30 | 龙蟒大地农业有限公司 | Compound fertilizer prepared from activated ammonium phosphate slag and preparation method thereof |
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