CN113872278A - Battery module with battery capable of being independently charged in single body and charging method thereof - Google Patents

Battery module with battery capable of being independently charged in single body and charging method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113872278A
CN113872278A CN202111123132.XA CN202111123132A CN113872278A CN 113872278 A CN113872278 A CN 113872278A CN 202111123132 A CN202111123132 A CN 202111123132A CN 113872278 A CN113872278 A CN 113872278A
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battery
mos
charging
module
relay
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CN113872278B (en
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尚德华
张伟
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Aopu Shanghai New Energy Co Ltd
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Aopu Shanghai New Energy Co Ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
    • H02J7/0031—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits using battery or load disconnect circuits
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
    • H02J7/00712—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
    • H02J7/00712—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters
    • H02J7/00714—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters in response to battery charging or discharging current
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
    • H02J7/00712—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters
    • H02J7/007182—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters in response to battery voltage
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a battery module with a battery capable of being independently charged in a single body and a charging method thereof, wherein the battery module comprises n single batteries, two relays, i current-limiting resistors, a control module and i +3n MOS (metal oxide semiconductor) tubes; the module that n battery cells and a relay series connection constitutes the main circuit, and another relay forms the subcircuit with i current-limiting resistance, control module, i +3n MOS pipe. When charging, the whole module is charged firstly until one of the single batteries is fully charged, the main circuit is closed to charge at the moment, then the auxiliary circuit is opened to charge, and the single batteries are selectively charged. The invention ensures the consistency of the single batteries of the series module at full charge, eliminates the adverse effect of the charging depth difference on the battery pack, further improves the overall energy utilization rate of the battery pack and prolongs the cycle life of the batteries.

Description

Battery module with battery capable of being independently charged in single body and charging method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of battery management, in particular to a battery module with a battery capable of being independently charged in a single body and a charging method thereof.
Background
Currently, a charging device is used for charging the whole series battery pack, in the charging process, the charging is stopped as long as one of the single batteries reaches a cut-off target value of the charging voltage, and the charging of the whole series module is finished immediately, so that only one single battery is substantially fully charged in the whole module, and the rest single batteries are not fully charged, and the inconsistency of the single batteries is generated when the battery module is fully charged.
The service life of the battery module is seriously influenced by the inconsistency of the batteries, and the battery module is obviously inferior to the single body performance in the aspects of cycle life, capacity utilization rate and the like according to the wooden barrel effect. Along with the recycling of the battery module, the inconsistency of the single batteries is aggravated, the grouping characteristic of the lithium ion battery is further worsened, and the overcharge and overdischarge conditions of a few monomers are easily caused, so that the performance of the battery pack is greatly attenuated, even serious accidents such as combustion and explosion can be caused under the extreme conditions, and great obstruction is caused to the application and popularization of the lithium ion battery.
Consequently, the battery module in to the battery cell charge volume control, in the charging process, let every monocell can both be full of promptly to guarantee the series module at the monomer battery electric quantity uniformity of full charge, can eliminate the adverse effect of the depth of charge difference to the group battery, and then improve the whole energy utilization of battery module, prolong the whole cycle life of battery module.
The current solution to the inconsistency of batteries is to perform battery equalization. The battery balance management means that the capacity among the batteries reaches an approximately consistent level by directly consuming generated heat through a bypass resistor or transferring the electric quantity of the phase difference among the single batteries through an energy storage element. The good balance management can improve the conversion efficiency of the battery pack, prolong the service life of the battery pack, improve the available capacity of the battery pack and avoid the unsafe state of the battery pack to a certain extent.
The existing battery charging mode and the existing battery equalization management mode can not control the electric quantity of the single batteries in the series module independently, the charging can only start and stop the simultaneous charging of the whole series module, the equalization can only redistribute the existing electric quantity in the battery module among the single batteries in the module, and each single battery can not be fully charged or the charging quantity of the single battery can not be controlled essentially, so that the energy of the module is utilized to the maximum extent.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem that a battery of a battery module in the prior art cannot be charged in a single body and is inconsistent, and provides a battery module with a battery capable of being independently charged in a single body and a charging method thereof.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme for solving the technical problems:
a battery module with battery capable of being independently charged comprises n single batteries B1～BnA first relay K1A second relay K2I current limiting resistors R1～RiThe control module and the first to third MOS tube groups, i and n are natural numbers which are more than or equal to 2;
the first MOS tube group comprises n MOS tubes Q1-1～Q1-nThe second MOS tube group comprises n MOS tubes Q2-1～Q2-nThe third MOS tube group comprises i MOS tubes Q1～Qi；
The single battery BjRespectively with MOS transistor Q1-jSource electrode of and MOS transistor Q2-（j+1）Drain electrode of (1), and single cell Bj+1J is a natural number which is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to n-1;
the single battery B1Respectively with MOS transistor Q2-1Drain electrode of (1), MOS tube Q2-1The source electrodes of the first and second electrodes are electrically connected;
b isnRespectively with MOS transistor Q1-nSource electrode, first relay K1One end of the first and second electrodes is electrically connected;
the MOS transistor Q2-1～Q2-nThe source electrodes of the MOS transistors Q are all electrically connected1-1～Q1-nThe drain electrodes are all electrically connected;
the MOS transistor Q1-nAnd the drain electrodes of the current limiting resistors R are respectively connected with the current limiting resistors R1～RiIs electrically connected to one end of the current limiting resistor R1～RiThe resistance values of the resistors are different and are increased in sequence;
the current limiting resistor RmAnd the other end of the MOS transistor QmIs electrically connected with the source electrode of the MOS transistor QmAnd the drain electrodes of the first and second relays K2One end of the first and second electrodes is electrically connected, and m is a natural number which is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to i;
the first relay K1A second relay K2The other end of (2) is electrically connectedIs connected with the single battery B1The negative pole of the battery is connected with an external power supply in a matching way;
the control module respectively corresponds to the i +2n MOS tubes Q1～Qi、Q1-1～Q1-n 、Q2-1～Q2-nAre electrically connected.
The invention also discloses a charging method of the battery module with the battery capable of being independently charged by the single body, which comprises the following steps:
step 1), presetting the charge cut-off voltage threshold of each battery monomer, and closing a first relay K1For n single batteries B1～BnCharging the formed series module until the voltage of any single battery is greater than or equal to the corresponding charge cut-off voltage threshold value, and disconnecting the first relay K1Stopping charging the series module;
step 2), the battery monomer that is not fully charged in the series module is charged:
for each single battery BqQ is a natural number which is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to n, whether the voltage of the relay is less than the charging cut-off voltage threshold corresponding to the relay is judged, and if the voltage of the relay is less than the charging cut-off voltage threshold corresponding to the relay, the second relay K is closed2And controlling the first MOS tube group except the MOS tube Q1-qAll the MOS tubes except the MOS tube Q in the second MOS tube group are switched off except the on state2-qAll the single batteries B are switched off outside the conduction state, and the charging current is adjusted to the single battery B by adjusting the on-off state of each MOS tube in the third MOS tube groupqAnd charging until the voltage is greater than or equal to the corresponding charge cut-off voltage threshold.
Compared with the prior art, the invention adopting the technical scheme has the following technical effects:
1. compared with the existing module charging scheme, the invention can selectively and independently control the charging of the single batteries in the whole series module;
2. compared with the existing module charging scheme, the invention can control the magnitude of the single charging current of the single battery in the whole series module, and the magnitude of the charging current is controlled by the current-limiting resistor R in the secondary circuit1～RiAny combination and on-off;
3. compared with the existing module charging scheme, the invention can charge each single battery in the whole series module to any target voltage value, ensures the consistency of the full-charged single batteries of the series module, eliminates the adverse effect of the charging depth difference on the battery pack, further improves the overall energy utilization rate of the battery pack and prolongs the cycle life of the battery;
4. compared with the existing module charging scheme, the invention essentially fully charges each single battery, thereby achieving the maximum utilization of the energy of the module.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic circuit diagram of a battery module capable of charging batteries individually according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the current direction during charging of the main circuit in the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the direction of current flow during charging of the secondary circuit of the present invention;
FIG. 4 shows a pair of sub-circuits for a single battery B according to the present inventionn-1Schematic of current direction during charging.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is further explained in detail by combining the attached drawings:
the present invention may be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the invention to those skilled in the art. In the drawings, components are exaggerated for clarity.
It will be understood that, although the terms first, second, third, etc. may be used herein to describe various elements, components and/or sections, these elements, components and/or sections should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element, component, and/or section from another. Thus, a first element, component, and/or section discussed below could be termed a second element, component, or section without departing from the teachings of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the present invention disclosesA battery module with battery capable of being independently charged comprises n single batteries B1～BnA first relay K1A second relay K2I current limiting resistors R1～RiThe control module and the first to third MOS tube groups, i and n are natural numbers which are more than or equal to 2;
the first MOS tube group comprises n MOS tubes Q1-1～Q1-nThe second MOS tube group comprises n MOS tubes Q2-1～Q2-nThe third MOS tube group comprises i MOS tubes Q1～Qi；
The single battery BjRespectively with MOS transistor Q1-jSource electrode of and MOS transistor Q2-（j+1）Drain electrode of (1), and single cell Bj+1J is a natural number which is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to n-1;
the single battery B1Respectively with MOS transistor Q2-1Drain electrode of (1), MOS tube Q2-1The source electrodes of the first and second electrodes are electrically connected;
b isnRespectively with MOS transistor Q1-nSource electrode, first relay K1One end of the first and second electrodes is electrically connected;
the MOS transistor Q2-1～Q2-nThe source electrodes of the MOS transistors Q are all electrically connected1-1～Q1-nThe drain electrodes are all electrically connected;
the MOS transistor Q1-nAnd the drain electrodes of the current limiting resistors R are respectively connected with the current limiting resistors R1～RiIs electrically connected to one end of the current limiting resistor R1～RiThe resistance values of the resistors are different and are increased in sequence;
the current limiting resistor RmAnd the other end of the MOS transistor QmIs electrically connected with the source electrode of the MOS transistor QmAnd the drain electrodes of the first and second relays K2One end of the first and second electrodes is electrically connected, and m is a natural number which is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to i;
the first relay K1A second relay K2Is electrically connected with the other end of the single battery B for connecting with the single battery B1The negative pole of the battery is connected with an external power supply in a matching way;
the control modules are respectively connected with the i +2nMOS tube Q1～Qi、Q1-1～Q1-n 、Q2-1～Q2-nAre electrically connected.
In the invention, the module with n single batteries connected in series forms a main circuit, and the auxiliary circuit can control the charging electric quantity and the charging current of each single battery in the series module.
In the sub-circuit, Q1～Qi、Q1-1～Q1-n 、Q2-1～Q2-nIs a unidirectional MOS transistor, R1～RiA current limiting resistor for controlling the charging current in the secondary circuit; k1～K2The relays are respectively used for controlling the charging working state of the main and auxiliary circuits.
The working principle of the circuit is that the main circuit of the battery series module is used for charging the whole module, when charging is carried out until one of the single batteries reaches a preset charge cut-off voltage threshold value, the main circuit is closed to charge, then the auxiliary circuit is opened to charge, and the single batteries are selectively charged.
The charging process of the entire series module will be described in detail as an example. The specific charging implementation steps are as follows:
step 1), closing a main circuit relay K1To turn on the main circuit, for n single batteries B1～BnThe formed series module is charged, and the magnitude of the charging current is controlled by the charging equipment for charging the module. The main circuit charging current direction is shown in fig. 2.
The charge control circuit of the charging module can preset the charge cut-off voltage threshold of each single battery, and when any value reaches a set value, the charge control circuit can disconnect the relay K in the main circuit1And the main circuit charging is stopped.
And 2) charging the single batteries which are not fully charged in the series module.
When the main circuit is charged and cut off in the step 1), only one single battery in the whole series module reaches the threshold of the charging cut-off voltage, and the situation that the single battery reaches the threshold of the charging cut-off voltage is assumedThe single battery is B1Next, the remaining other unit cells are charged to the cutoff target voltage value.
Wherein R of the sub-circuit1～RiA current limiting resistor with a resistance value from R for controlling the charging of the battery cells1～RiThe resistance values are different and gradually increased, and different resistance values can be combined according to the requirements of the battery control circuit to control the magnitude of the charging current; q1～Qi、Q1-1～Q1-n 、Q2-1～Q2-nThe MOS tube is a one-way switch, the working state of the MOS tube is switched on and off, but the MOS tube only enables current to flow in a one-way mode after being switched on, so that the charging current can only flow from the positive electrode to the negative electrode, and the reverse current cannot flow.
According to the schematic diagram of the circuit, when the auxiliary circuit is adopted to independently control and charge the single battery, 2 adjacent single batteries cannot be charged simultaneously, and the single battery must be charged at intervals, such as the MOS transistor Q1-1、Q2-2And meanwhile, the single batteries in the module cannot be charged, and only the charging current of the secondary circuit can directly flow to the negative circuit of the module without passing through any single battery. When 2 adjacent single batteries need to be charged simultaneously, the charging control circuit of the battery auxiliary circuit needs to be arranged comprehensively, one single battery is fully charged, and then the other single battery is fully charged.
The specific charging process for charging the battery cells not fully charged in the series module is as follows:
for each single battery BqQ is a natural number which is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to n, whether the voltage of the relay is less than the charging cut-off voltage threshold corresponding to the relay is judged, and if the voltage of the relay is less than the charging cut-off voltage threshold corresponding to the relay, the second relay K is closed2And controlling the first MOS tube group except the MOS tube Q1-qAll the MOS tubes except the MOS tube Q in the second MOS tube group are switched off except the on state2-qAll the single batteries B are switched off outside the conduction state, and the charging current is adjusted to the single battery B by adjusting the on-off state of each MOS tube in the third MOS tube groupqCharging is carried out until the voltage is largeEqual to its corresponding charge cutoff voltage threshold.
Step 2) of the present invention can be further optimized based on this, for example, assuming B in step 1)1When the main circuit is charged fully, the relay K in the auxiliary circuit is closed after the main circuit is charged and stopped2Turning on the secondary circuit, firstly removing the fully charged single battery from the single battery in the series module to obtain B1All the other cells are subjected to interval cell charging. At this time, the current-limiting resistor R is caused by a large charging current1～RiIn which only the first few resistors with very small resistance are allowed to pass current, e.g. turn on MOS transistor Q1And Q2Let the current limiting resistor R1And R2Passing a current; conduction MOS tube Q1-n 、Q2-nAnd Q1-2 、Q2-2And the like. So that the single battery B2And BnAnd so on. The sub-circuit charging current direction is shown in fig. 3.
Along with the charging of the single batteries, some single batteries are fully charged firstly and stop charging, some single batteries continue to be charged because of not being fully charged, and at the moment, the charging control circuit is arranged overall to start to selectively charge each of the non-fully charged single batteries. For example, for the single battery Bn-1Charging, the charging current in the secondary circuit is small, and the current-limiting resistor R1～RiMost of the resistors do not pass current, only a few resistors pass current, and only the resistor R with larger resistance is supposed to pass currentiThrough the current, the MOS tube Q is conductedi、Q1-(n-1)And Q2-(n-1). The direction of the charging current of the secondary circuit is shown in fig. 4.
After each of the uncharged cells is charged individually, each of the cells in the series module can be fully charged or charged to a target voltage value. Finally, all target charging values are completed, charging is completed, and the relay K in the secondary circuit is closed2And disconnecting the secondary circuit charging circuit.
The general charging strategy is to complete the charge stop of the whole module by using the main circuit, and then complete the charge target electric quantity of each single battery by using the auxiliary circuit.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that, unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. It will be further understood that terms, such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries, should be interpreted as having a meaning that is consistent with their meaning in the context of the prior art and will not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless expressly so defined herein.
The above-mentioned embodiments, objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention are further described in detail, it should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are only illustrative of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (2)

1. A battery module with battery capable of being charged independently is characterized by comprising n single batteries B1～BnA first relay K1A second relay K2I current limiting resistors R1～RiThe control module and the first to third MOS tube groups, i and n are natural numbers which are more than or equal to 2;
the first MOS tube group comprises n MOS tubes Q1-1～Q1-nThe second MOS tube group comprises n MOS tubes Q2-1～Q2-nThe third MOS tube group comprises i MOS tubes Q1～Qi；
The single battery BjRespectively with MOS transistor Q1-jSource electrode of and MOS transistor Q2-（j+1）Drain electrode of (1), and single cell Bj+1J is a natural number which is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to n-1;
the single battery B1Respectively with MOS transistor Q2-1Drain electrode of (1), MOS tube Q2-1The source electrodes of the first and second electrodes are electrically connected;
b isnRespectively andMOS tube Q1-nSource electrode, first relay K1One end of the first and second electrodes is electrically connected;
the MOS transistor Q2-1～Q2-nThe source electrodes of the MOS transistors Q are all electrically connected1-1～Q1-nThe drain electrodes are all electrically connected;
the MOS transistor Q1-nAnd the drain electrodes of the current limiting resistors R are respectively connected with the current limiting resistors R1～RiIs electrically connected to one end of the current limiting resistor R1～RiThe resistance values of the resistors are different and are increased in sequence;
the current limiting resistor RmAnd the other end of the MOS transistor QmIs electrically connected with the source electrode of the MOS transistor QmAnd the drain electrodes of the first and second relays K2One end of the first and second electrodes is electrically connected, and m is a natural number which is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to i;
the first relay K1A second relay K2Is electrically connected with the other end of the single battery B for connecting with the single battery B1The negative pole of the battery is connected with an external power supply in a matching way;
the control module respectively corresponds to the i +2n MOS tubes Q1～Qi、Q1-1～Q1-n 、Q2-1～Q2-nAre electrically connected.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises the steps of:
step 1), presetting the charge cut-off voltage threshold of each battery monomer, and closing a first relay K1For n single batteries B1～BnCharging the formed series module until the voltage of any single battery is greater than or equal to the corresponding charge cut-off voltage threshold value, and disconnecting the first relay K1Stopping charging the series module;
step 2), the battery monomer that is not fully charged in the series module is charged:
for each single battery BqQ is a natural number greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to n, and whether the voltage is less than the corresponding charging voltage is judgedCut-off voltage threshold, if its voltage is less than its corresponding charge cut-off voltage threshold, the second relay K is closed2And controlling the first MOS tube group except the MOS tube Q1-qAll the MOS tubes except the MOS tube Q in the second MOS tube group are switched off except the on state2-qAll the single batteries B are switched off outside the conduction state, and the charging current is adjusted to the single battery B by adjusting the on-off state of each MOS tube in the third MOS tube groupqAnd charging until the voltage is greater than or equal to the corresponding charge cut-off voltage threshold.
CN202111123132.XA 2021-09-24 2021-09-24 Battery module capable of independently charging battery cells and charging method thereof Active CN113872278B (en)

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CN2648678Y (en) * 2003-07-16 2004-10-13 杨福義 Series independent detection battery pile charger
CN101872991A (en) * 2010-06-28 2010-10-27 惠州市亿能电子有限公司 Balance control method of power battery pack
CN101917047A (en) * 2010-08-20 2010-12-15 深圳市科列技术有限公司 Method and circuit for dynamically equalizing battery management system
CN103066671A (en) * 2013-02-07 2013-04-24 威海威重机电设备有限公司 Uniform charging method and uniform charging device for lithium battery packs
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