CN113864750B - Nuclear power plant heating system - Google Patents
Nuclear power plant heating system Download PDFInfo
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- CN113864750B CN113864750B CN202111005221.4A CN202111005221A CN113864750B CN 113864750 B CN113864750 B CN 113864750B CN 202111005221 A CN202111005221 A CN 202111005221A CN 113864750 B CN113864750 B CN 113864750B
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- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 113
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims description 65
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000003657 drainage water Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000005202 decontamination Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000003588 decontaminative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000000875 corresponding effect Effects 0.000 description 17
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005381 potential energy Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000941 radioactive substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
- F22B1/00—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method
- F22B1/02—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers
- F22B1/06—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers the heat carrier being molten; Use of molten metal, e.g. zinc, as heat transfer medium
- F22B1/063—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers the heat carrier being molten; Use of molten metal, e.g. zinc, as heat transfer medium for metal cooled nuclear reactors
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D15/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of engines with devices driven thereby
- F01D15/10—Adaptations for driving, or combinations with, electric generators
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K17/00—Using steam or condensate extracted or exhausted from steam engine plant
- F01K17/02—Using steam or condensate extracted or exhausted from steam engine plant for heating purposes, e.g. industrial, domestic
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
- F22B35/00—Control systems for steam boilers
- F22B35/004—Control systems for steam generators of nuclear power plants
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22D—PREHEATING, OR ACCUMULATING PREHEATED, FEED-WATER FOR STEAM GENERATION; FEED-WATER SUPPLY FOR STEAM GENERATION; CONTROLLING WATER LEVEL FOR STEAM GENERATION; AUXILIARY DEVICES FOR PROMOTING WATER CIRCULATION WITHIN STEAM BOILERS
- F22D1/00—Feed-water heaters, i.e. economisers or like preheaters
- F22D1/32—Feed-water heaters, i.e. economisers or like preheaters arranged to be heated by steam, e.g. bled from turbines
- F22D1/325—Schematic arrangements or control devices therefor
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D19/00—Details
- F24D19/10—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
- F24D19/1006—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heating systems
- F24D19/1009—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heating systems for central heating
- F24D19/1015—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heating systems for central heating using a valve or valves
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D3/00—Hot-water central heating systems
- F24D3/10—Feed-line arrangements, e.g. providing for heat-accumulator tanks, expansion tanks ; Hydraulic components of a central heating system
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)
Abstract
The application discloses a nuclear power plant heating system belongs to nuclear power plant technical field. The system comprises a separator, a small turbine and a low-pressure heat supply network heater, wherein the separator is communicated with the small turbine through a steam pipeline, and the small turbine is communicated with the low-pressure heat supply network heater through the steam pipeline; the separator is used for separating liquid water in the first steam to obtain second steam which does not contain the liquid water, and the first steam is the steam discharged to the steam pipeline from the high-pressure cylinder of the large steam turbine; a steam turbine for discharging the second steam, discharging the third steam, and providing kinetic energy to the electric power plant, wherein an enthalpy value of the third steam per unit volume is smaller than an enthalpy value of the second steam per unit volume; the low-pressure heat supply network heater utilizes the heat of the third steam to heat the circulating water in the heat supply network once. The embodiment of the application can fully utilize the heat of steam and reduce the waste of energy.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of nuclear power plants, in particular to a heat supply system of a nuclear power plant.
Background
When the pressurized water reactor of the nuclear power plant reacts, the pressurized water reactor can generate a large amount of heat, and the heat can be used for heating the secondary water, so that a large amount of steam is generated, and the steam turbine is driven to generate electric energy. The heating extraction points in the nuclear power plant may extract these vapors and discharge them into the grid heater, thereby causing these vapors to heat the circulating water in the grid.
However, the steam in the above scheme contains a large amount of high-grade heat, and direct heat supply causes energy waste.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the application provides a nuclear power plant heating system, which can fully utilize the heat of steam and reduce the waste of energy. The technical scheme is as follows:
the embodiment of the application provides a nuclear power plant heating system, which comprises a separator, a small steam turbine and a low-pressure heat supply network heater, wherein the separator is communicated with the small steam turbine through a steam pipeline, and the small steam turbine is communicated with the low-pressure heat supply network heater through the steam pipeline;
the separator is used for separating liquid water in first steam to obtain second steam which does not contain the liquid water, wherein the first steam is the steam discharged to a steam pipeline from a high-pressure cylinder of the large steam turbine;
the small steam turbine is used for discharging the second steam and the third steam, and further transmitting kinetic energy converted from the heat of the second steam to the generator, wherein the enthalpy value of the third steam in unit volume is smaller than that of the second steam in unit volume;
the low-pressure heating network heater is used for heating the circulating water in the heating network once by utilizing the heat of the third steam.
Optionally, the small steam turbine includes a steam extraction port and a first valve arranged on the steam extraction port, wherein an opening and closing angle of the first valve is used for controlling steam quantity of fourth steam discharged from the steam extraction port, and an enthalpy value of the fourth steam in unit volume is greater than an enthalpy value of the third steam in unit volume and less than an enthalpy value of the second steam in unit volume;
the system also comprises a high-pressure heat supply network heater which is communicated with the steam extraction port of the small steam turbine through a steam channel;
the first valve is used for determining the steam extraction amount carried in the first signal when the first valve receives the first signal, determining the opening and closing angle of the first valve according to the steam extraction amount and the corresponding relation between the pre-stored steam amount and the opening and closing angle of the valve, adjusting the current opening and closing angle of the first valve according to the opening and closing angle of the first valve, and further discharging fourth steam of the steam extraction amount at the steam extraction port;
the high-pressure heating network heater is used for secondarily heating the primarily heated circulating water by utilizing the fourth steam of the steam extraction quantity.
Optionally, the steam turbine further comprises a steam outlet and a second valve arranged on the steam outlet, wherein the opening and closing angle of the second valve is used for controlling the steam quantity of third steam discharged from the steam outlet; the low-pressure heat supply network heater is communicated with a steam outlet of the steam turbine through a steam channel;
the second valve is used for determining the opening and closing angle of the second valve according to the exhaust steam quantity carried in the second signal and the corresponding relation between the prestored steam quantity and the opening and closing angle of the valve when the second valve receives the second signal, and adjusting the current opening and closing angle of the second valve according to the opening and closing angle of the second valve so as to exhaust third steam of the exhaust steam quantity at the exhaust port;
the low-pressure heating network heater is used for heating the circulating water in the heating network once by utilizing the third steam with the exhaust gas quantity.
Optionally, the steam turbine further comprises a steam inlet and a third valve arranged on the steam inlet, and the opening and closing degree of the third valve is used for controlling the steam quantity of the second steam discharged into the steam turbine;
and the third valve is used for determining the opening and closing angle of the third valve according to the corresponding relation between the steam inlet amount carried in the third signal and the pre-stored steam amount and the opening and closing angle of the valve when the third valve receives the third signal, and adjusting the current opening and closing angle of the third valve according to the opening and closing angle of the third valve so as to further discharge the second steam with the steam inlet amount at the steam inlet, wherein the steam inlet amount is equal to the sum of the steam outlet amount and the steam extraction amount.
Optionally, the first valve is further configured to close the first valve when the first valve detects that the amount of steam extracted is equal to 0.
Optionally, the system further comprises a condensing tube, wherein the condensing tube is respectively communicated with the low-pressure heat supply network heater and the high-pressure heat supply network heater through a drainage pipeline;
the condensing tube is used for collecting the drain water discharged by the low-pressure heat supply network heater and the drain water discharged by the high-pressure heat supply network heater and conveying the collected drain water back to the two loops.
Optionally, the system further comprises a blowdown cooling pool which is respectively communicated with the low-pressure heating network heater and the high-pressure heating network heater through a drainage pipeline;
the blowdown cooling pond is used for carrying out decontamination cooling treatment on the drainage water discharged by the low-pressure heat supply network heater and the drainage water discharged by the high-pressure heat supply network heater to obtain the drainage water after decontamination.
Optionally, the system further comprises a controller connected to the first valve, the second valve and the third valve, respectively;
the controller is used for acquiring a target temperature required by circulating water sent by the heat supply management system, determining the steam extraction amount, the steam discharge amount and the steam inlet amount based on the target temperature, generating a first signal carrying the steam extraction amount, a second signal carrying the steam discharge amount and a third signal carrying the steam inlet amount, and further sending the first signal to the first valve, the second signal to the second valve and the third signal to the third valve.
Optionally, the controller is further configured to determine that the steam extraction amount is equal to 0 and the steam exhaust amount and the steam intake amount are equal to a preset steam amount when the target temperature is greater than a first preset value and less than a second preset value.
Optionally, the controller is further configured to determine that the exhaust steam amount is equal to a preset steam amount when the target temperature is greater than a second preset value, determine, according to the target temperature and a correspondence between the target temperature and the steam extraction amount, a steam extraction amount corresponding to the target temperature, and add the exhaust steam amount to the steam extraction amount to obtain the steam intake amount.
In the related art, if the first steam discharged to the steam pipe by the high-pressure cylinder of the large turbine is directly used to heat the circulating water in the heat supply network, the enthalpy value of the first steam is high, and the energy in the first steam cannot be completely transferred to the circulating water, so that the steam obtained by heating the circulating water also contains a large amount of enthalpy value, and further, the heat energy is wasted. In this application embodiment, utilize the residual pressure of first steam to generate electricity through the steam turbine earlier, the third steam after the electricity generation of reuse heats the circulating water in the heat supply network, has avoided directly using the problem that the energy waste that first steam directly heats the circulating water and lead to like this, make full use of the enthalpy value of steam, has reduced the waste of energy.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings that are needed in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a heating system of a nuclear power plant according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a heat supply system of a nuclear power plant according to an embodiment of the present application.
Description of the drawings
A 101-separator;
102-a small turbine, 1021-a first valve, 1022-a second valve, 1023-a third valve;
103-a low-pressure heating network heater, 104-a high-pressure heating network heater, 105-a generator and 106-a blowdown cooling pool/condenser pipe.
Specific embodiments thereof have been shown by way of example in the drawings and will herein be described in more detail. These drawings and the written description are not intended to limit the scope of the inventive concepts in any way, but to illustrate the concepts of the present application to those skilled in the art by reference to specific embodiments.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present application more apparent, the embodiments of the present application will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The embodiment of the application provides a nuclear power plant heating system, as shown in fig. 1, the system comprises a separator 101, a small steam turbine 102 and a low-pressure heat supply network heater 103, wherein the separator 101 is communicated with the small steam turbine 102 through a steam pipeline, and the small steam turbine 102 is communicated with the low-pressure heat supply network heater 103 through the steam pipeline;
the separator 101 is configured to separate liquid water from first steam, to obtain second steam that does not contain liquid water, where the first steam is steam that is discharged from a high-pressure cylinder of the large turbine to a steam pipeline;
the small turbine 102 is configured to exhaust the second steam and exhaust the third steam, and further transfer kinetic energy converted from the heat of the second steam to the generator, where the enthalpy value of the third steam per unit volume is smaller than the enthalpy value of the second steam per unit volume;
the low-pressure heating network heater 103 is used for heating the circulating water in the heating network once by utilizing the heat of the third steam.
The steam discharged to the steam pipeline by the high-pressure cylinder of the large steam turbine is wet steam, and if the wet steam is directly discharged into the small steam turbine, the small steam turbine is damaged by liquid water in the first steam, so that the operation of the small steam turbine is affected. Therefore, the first steam needs to be discharged into the separator 101, so that the separator 101 separates the liquid water in the first steam, and further, the influence of the liquid water in the steam on the small steam turbine 102 is avoided.
The small turbine 102 may convert the steam pressure potential energy into kinetic energy, which is then converted into electrical energy by a generator. The low pressure heat supply network heater 103 may be a condenser type heater and is disposed below the small turbine 102.
In this application embodiment, after obtaining the circulating water of once heating, can input the circulating water into the heating circuit, and then supply heat to the user through the heating circuit.
In the related art, if the first steam discharged to the steam pipe by the high-pressure cylinder of the large turbine is directly used to heat the circulating water in the heat supply network, the pressure potential energy contained in the first steam is high and cannot be completely transferred to the circulating water, thereby resulting in waste of the pressure potential energy. In this application embodiment, utilize the residual pressure of first steam to generate electricity through little steam turbine earlier, the third steam after the electricity generation of reuse heats the circulating water in the heat supply network, has avoided directly using the problem that the energy waste that first steam directly heats the circulating water and lead to like this, make full use of the enthalpy value of steam, has reduced the waste of energy.
Most of the time in the heating season, the circulating water is heated to about 90 ℃ by using the low-pressure heating network heater 103, so that the requirements of users can be met. In order to ensure that the low-pressure heat supply network heater 103 can heat the circulating water to about 90 ℃, the pressure is about 0.12MPa, and the temperature is about 104.8 ℃ of third steam, so that the third steam heats the circulating water to 90 ℃.
In the embodiment of the application, the pressure of the second steam is about 0.29MPa, the temperature is about 142.6 ℃, and in order to fully utilize the energy of the steam, the second steam can be used for generating electricity in advance through a steam turbine, so as to obtain third steam.
Optionally, in order to ensure that the user is provided with circulating water at a higher temperature when the ambient temperature is low, the autoclave heater 104 may be used to secondarily heat the primarily heated circulating water. Specifically, the small turbine 102 includes a steam extraction port and a first valve 1021 disposed on the steam extraction port, where an opening and closing angle of the first valve 1021 is used to control a steam volume of fourth steam discharged from the steam extraction port, where an enthalpy value of the fourth steam in a unit volume is greater than an enthalpy value of the third steam in a unit volume and less than an enthalpy value of the second steam in a unit volume; the system also includes a high pressure heat supply network heater 104, the high pressure heat supply network heater 104 is communicated with the steam extraction port of the small turbine 102 through a steam channel; the first valve 1021 is configured to determine, when the first valve 1021 receives a first signal, an amount of steam extracted carried in the first signal, determine an opening and closing angle of the first valve 1021 according to the amount of steam extracted and a correspondence between a pre-stored amount of steam and an opening and closing angle of a valve, and adjust a current opening and closing angle of the first valve 1021 according to the opening and closing angle of the first valve 1021, so as to discharge fourth steam of the amount of steam extracted at the steam extraction port; the autoclave heater 104 is configured to secondarily heat the primarily heated circulating water using the fourth steam of the steam extraction amount.
In implementation, when the first valve 1021 receives the first signal, the first valve 1021 determines the amount of the extracted steam carried in the first signal, determines the opening and closing angle of the first valve 1021 according to the corresponding relation between the amount of the extracted steam and the pre-stored amount of the steam and the opening and closing angle of the valve, adjusts the current opening and closing angle of the first valve 1021 according to the opening and closing angle of the first valve 1021, and then discharges the fourth steam of the amount of the extracted steam at the steam extraction port. The autoclave heater 104 heats the once heated circulating water secondarily by using the fourth steam of the extraction amount.
Or before determining the opening and closing angle of the first valve 1021 according to the corresponding relation between the steam extraction amount and the pre-stored steam amount and the opening and closing angle of the valve, the first valve 1021 can also detect the steam extraction amount carried in the first signal. When the steam extraction amount is detected to be not equal to 0, the opening and closing angle of the first valve 1021 is determined based on the corresponding relation between the pre-stored steam amount and the opening and closing angle of the valve.
It should be noted that, the first valve 1021 is an electric valve, and the electric valve may receive a signal sent by the control device and adjust the current opening and closing angle of the valve according to the signal.
In the above manner, the first signal carries the steam extraction amount, and then the first valve can adjust the current opening and closing angle of the first valve according to the steam extraction amount in the first signal. Of course, the first signal may not carry the steam extraction amount, but carry the opening and closing angle of the first valve, so that the first valve may directly adjust the current opening and closing angle of the first valve according to the opening and closing angle of the first valve carried by the first signal.
The small turbine 102 comprises a steam outlet and a second valve 1022 arranged on the steam outlet, besides the steam outlet and a first valve 1021 arranged on the steam outlet, the small turbine 102 also comprises a steam outlet and a second valve 1022, and the opening and closing angle of the second valve 1022 is used for controlling the steam quantity of third steam discharged from the steam outlet; the low-pressure heat supply network heater 103 is communicated with a steam outlet of the small steam turbine (102) through a steam channel; the second valve 1022 is configured to determine an opening and closing angle of the second valve 1022 according to a corresponding relationship between the amount of exhaust gas carried in the second signal and a pre-stored amount of exhaust gas and an opening and closing angle of the valve when the second valve 1022 receives the second signal, and adjust a current opening and closing angle of the second valve 1022 according to the opening and closing angle of the second valve 1022, so as to exhaust a third amount of exhaust gas at the exhaust port; the low-pressure heating network heater 103 is used for heating the circulating water in the heating network once by using the third steam with the exhaust gas quantity.
The second valve 1022 may be an electric valve, and further, after receiving the signal, the current opening and closing angle of the second valve is adjusted according to the amount of exhaust gas carried in the signal.
It should be noted that, in the embodiment of the present application, the second signal may not carry the exhaust amount, but carry the opening and closing angle of the second valve 1022, and further the second valve 1022 may adjust the current opening and closing angle according to the opening and closing angle of the second valve 1022 carried in the second signal.
Of course, the small turbine 102 further includes a steam inlet and a third valve 1023 disposed on the steam inlet, and the opening and closing degree of the third valve 1023 is used to control the steam amount of the second steam discharged into the turbine 102. And the third valve 1023 is configured to determine an opening and closing angle of the third valve 1023 according to an amount of steam inlet carried in the third signal and a corresponding relationship between a pre-stored amount of steam and an opening and closing angle of the valve when the third valve 1023 receives the third signal, and adjust a current opening and closing angle of the third valve 1023 according to the opening and closing angle of the third valve 1023, so as to discharge the second steam with the amount of steam inlet at the steam inlet, where the amount of steam inlet is equal to a sum of the amount of steam extraction and the amount of steam discharge.
The third valve 1023 may be an electric valve, and then, after receiving the signal, the current opening and closing angle of the third valve 1023 may be adjusted according to the amount of the gas inlet carried in the signal.
It should be noted that, in the embodiment of the present application, the third signal may not carry the intake air amount, but carry the opening and closing angle of the third valve 1023, and further the third valve 1023 may adjust the current opening and closing angle of the third valve 1023 according to the opening and closing angle of the third valve 1023 carried in the second signal.
In an embodiment of the present application, the first signal, the second signal, and the third signal are generated by a controller. The controller in the nuclear power plant heating system is respectively connected with the first valve 1021, the second valve 1022 and the third valve 1023; the controller is configured to obtain a target temperature required by the circulating water sent by the heat supply management system, determine an extraction amount, an exhaust amount and an intake amount based on the target temperature, and generate a first signal carrying the extraction amount, a second signal carrying the exhaust amount and a third signal carrying the intake amount, so as to send the first signal to the first valve 1021, send the second signal to the second valve 1022 and send the third signal to the third valve 1023.
The controller may be connected to the first valve 1021, the second valve 1022, and the third valve 1023 through wired connection, or may be connected to the first valve 1021, the second valve 1022, and the third valve 1023 through short-range wireless communication.
In implementation, the weather service platform periodically transmits weather conditions at a future time to the heat supply network management center, so that the heat supply network management center obtains a target temperature required by the circulating water and transmits the target temperature to a controller in the power plant. The controller determines the amount of extraction, the amount of exhaust, and the amount of intake based on the target temperature, and generates a first signal carrying the amount of extraction, a second signal carrying the amount of exhaust, and a third signal carrying the amount of intake, and then sends the first signal to the first valve 1021, the second signal to the second valve 1022, and the third signal to the third valve 1023.
The controller may determine the extraction amount, the exhaust amount, and the intake amount based on the target temperature by: when the target temperature is smaller than a first preset value, determining that the steam extraction amount is equal to 0, determining the steam extraction amount according to the target temperature and the corresponding relation between the pre-stored temperature and the steam extraction amount, and taking the steam extraction amount as the steam inlet amount. Or determining the steam inlet amount according to the target temperature and the corresponding relation between the pre-stored temperature and the steam inlet amount, and taking the steam inlet amount as the steam outlet amount.
The step of determining the correspondence between the pre-stored temperature and the amount of exhaust steam is: when determining to supply heat to a certain area, a technician can use a temperature detection device to detect the ambient temperature of the area, and determine the temperature required by circulating water at the ambient temperature according to the ambient temperature. According to the temperature required by the circulating water, determining the steam outlet amount of the third steam required when the circulating water reaches the temperature, further establishing a corresponding relation between the ambient temperature and the steam outlet amount, and storing the corresponding relation between the ambient temperature and the steam outlet amount as the corresponding relation between the temperature and the steam outlet amount in the controller. Alternatively, based on a similar manner, a correspondence relationship between the temperature and the intake air amount is established.
The step of determining the amount of extraction, the amount of exhaust, and the amount of intake by the controller based on the target temperature may further be: when the target temperature is greater than the first preset value and less than the second preset value, determining that the steam extraction amount is equal to 0 and the steam discharge amount and the steam inlet amount are equal to the preset steam amount.
When the exhaust steam quantity is smaller than the preset steam quantity, the temperature of circulating water in the heat supply network is obviously increased along with the increase of the steam quantity of third steam. When the exhaust steam quantity is larger than the preset steam quantity, the temperature of circulating water in the heat supply network is hardly changed.
In the embodiment of the present application, when the amount of the second steam discharged is equal to the preset amount of steam, the temperature of the circulating water heated by the low-pressure heater is about 90 ℃.
The step of determining the amount of extraction, the amount of exhaust, and the amount of intake by the controller based on the target temperature may further be: and when the target temperature is greater than a second preset value, determining that the exhaust steam quantity is equal to the preset steam quantity. According to the temperature and the corresponding relation between the temperature and the steam extraction quantity, determining the steam extraction quantity, and adding the steam extraction quantity and the steam discharge quantity to obtain the steam intake quantity.
It should be noted that, when the temperature is greater than the second preset value, the controller may also send a fourth signal to the high-pressure heating network heater 104, where the fourth signal is used to indicate that the high-pressure heating network heater 104 is automatically turned on. When the temperature is less than the second preset value, the controller sends a fifth signal to the high pressure heating network heater 104, the fifth signal being used to indicate that the high pressure heating network heater 104 is automatically turned off. This prevents the autoclave heater 104 from operating all the time, thereby resulting in a significant amount of heat being wasted.
In this embodiment of the present application, the first signal, the second signal, and the third signal generated by the controller do not carry the steam quantity of the steam, but carry the opening and closing angle of the valve. The specific process of the controller generating the first signal, the second signal and the third signal may be: and obtaining the target temperature required by the circulating water sent by the heat supply management system. When the target temperature is less than the first preset value, the controller determines that the opening and closing angle of the first valve 1021 is 0, and determines the opening and closing angles of the second valve 1022 and the third valve 1023 respectively according to the first correspondence between the target temperature and the pre-stored temperature and the opening and closing angle. When the temperature is greater than the first preset value and less than the second preset value, the controller determines that the opening and closing angle of the first valve 1021 is 0, and the opening and closing angle of the second valve 1022 and the opening and closing angle of the third valve 1023 are equal to the preset opening and closing angle. When the temperature is greater than a second preset value, the controller determines that the opening and closing angle of the second valve 1022 is a preset opening and closing angle, determines the opening and closing angle of the first valve 1021 according to the temperature and a second corresponding relation between the temperature and the opening and closing angle stored in advance, and adds the opening and closing angle of the first valve 1021 and the opening and closing angle of the second valve 1022 to obtain the opening and closing angle of the third valve 1023. After the opening and closing angles of the first valve 1021, the second valve 1022 and the third valve 1023 are obtained, a first signal is generated based on the opening and closing angle of the first valve 1021, a second signal is generated based on the opening and closing angle of the second valve 1022, and a third signal is generated based on the opening and closing angle of the third valve 1023.
When the current opening and closing angle of the second valve 1022 is the preset opening and closing angle, the steam amount of the third steam discharged from the second steam outlet is the preset steam amount. Similarly, when the current opening and closing angle of the third valve 1023 is the preset opening and closing angle, the steam amount of the second steam discharged at the third steam inlet is the preset steam amount.
Of course, in the above process, the steam flowing into the small turbine 102 flows out through the first valve 1021, and the remaining steam flows out through the second valve 1022. Thus, regardless of the opening and closing angle of the second valve 1022, the steam flowing out through the second valve 1022 can only be the remaining steam in the small turbine 102. Therefore, the second valve 1022 may not be provided as an electrically operated valve, but may be provided as a manually adjustable valve, and the opening and closing angle of the second valve 1022 may be provided as a fixed angle. When the opening and closing angle of the second valve 1022 is required to be adjusted, a technician can manually fine-tune the second valve 1022. For example, the second valve 1022 is a butterfly valve.
Optionally, the nuclear power plant heating system further comprises a condensing tube 106, and the condensing tube 106 is respectively communicated with the low-pressure heat supply network heater 103 and the high-pressure heat supply network heater 104 through a drainage pipeline. And the condensing pipe 106 is used for collecting the drain water discharged by the low-pressure heat supply network heater 103 and the drain water discharged by the high-pressure heat supply network heater 104 and conveying the collected drain water back to the two loops.
In practice, the steam discharged from the low-pressure heat supply network heater 103 and the steam discharged from the high-pressure heat supply network heater 104 are directly discharged into a condensation pipe, so as to obtain the drainage after the steam condensation.
Optionally, the nuclear power plant heating system further comprises a blowdown cooling tank 106, and the blowdown cooling tank 106 is respectively communicated with the low-pressure heat supply network heater 103 and the high-pressure heat supply network heater 104 through steam pipelines. And the blowdown cooling pond 106 is used for carrying out decontamination cooling treatment on the drainage water discharged by the low-pressure heat supply network heater 103 and the drainage water discharged by the high-pressure heat supply network heater 104 to obtain the drainage water after decontamination cooling treatment.
After the drainage is obtained, the drainage can be changed into steam through heat generated by the pressurized water reactor, and then the steam is used for supplying power or heating, so that the drainage can be reused.
Alternatively, to completely isolate the steam from the make-up water, and to avoid mixing of radioactive substances in the steam into the make-up water, a surface deaerator may be employed, wherein the deaerator is used to remove oxygen from the circulating water.
The working principle of the deaerator is to heat water by using steam to make the water reach the saturation temperature under a certain pressure, so that oxygen dissolved in the water can completely escape. As shown in fig. 2, the deaerator may heat the make-up water using a second steam to remove oxygen from the make-up water.
Alternatively, the nuclear power plant heating system may be automatically shut down upon detection of a turbine trip.
Alternatively, the operator may monitor the heat supply network heater water level to take appropriate action when needed, ascertain the cause of the heat supply network heater water level being too high or too low and take corresponding action to stabilize the water level at the appropriate water level interval. For example, the water level in the heat supply network heater is maintained within a proper water level interval by supplementing the heat supply network heater with water.
Besides the need of supplementing water to the heating network heater, the need of supplementing water to the circulating water of the heating network is also needed. As shown in fig. 2, specifically, the obtained chemically softened water is introduced into a deaerator, and then oxygen in the chemically softened water is removed. And inputting the chemical softened water with the oxygen removed into a heat supply network water supplementing pump, conveying the chemical softened water with the oxygen removed into an inlet of a water filter by the heat supply network water supplementing pump, mixing the chemical softened water with backwater with the oxygen removed, and filtering backwater after water supplementing by using the water filter to obtain backwater after filtering. And (3) inputting the filtered backwater into a heat supply network circulating water backwater pipeline, heating backwater input into the heat supply network circulating water backwater pipeline through a low-pressure heat supply network heater and a high-pressure heat supply network heater, and outputting water supply. The heat supply network circulating water return pipeline comprises a plurality of heat supply network circulating water pumps, the heat supply network water supplementing pumps can play a role in system constant pressure, return water refers to circulating water returned to the heat supply system, and water supply refers to circulating water discharged from the heat supply system.
It should be noted that, the heat supply network circulating water pump in the heat supply network circulating water return pipeline adopts a variable frequency motor, as shown in fig. 2, the return water after water supplement enters the inlet of the heat supply network circulating water return pipeline after first entering the water filter, and after being boosted by the heat supply network circulating water pump, enters the low-pressure heat supply network heater and the high-pressure heat supply network heater in sequence for two-stage heating, and then outputs the heated circulating water, namely water supply.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments is merely exemplary in nature and is in no way intended to limit the invention, since it is intended that all modifications, equivalents, improvements, etc. that fall within the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (7)
1. A nuclear power plant heating system, characterized in that the system comprises a separator (101), a small turbine (102), a low-pressure heat supply network heater (103) and a high-pressure heat supply network heater (104), wherein the separator (101) is communicated with the small turbine (102) through a steam pipeline;
the separator (101) is used for separating liquid water in first steam to obtain second steam which does not contain the liquid water, wherein the first steam is steam discharged to a steam pipeline from a high-pressure cylinder of the large turbine;
the small steam turbine (102) further comprises a steam inlet and a third valve (1023) arranged on the steam inlet, and the opening and closing degree of the third valve (1023) is used for controlling the steam quantity of second steam discharged into the small steam turbine (102);
the small steam turbine (102) is used for discharging the second steam and the third steam, and further transmitting kinetic energy converted from the heat of the second steam to the generator, wherein the enthalpy value of the third steam in unit volume is smaller than that of the second steam in unit volume;
the small steam turbine (102) comprises a steam outlet and a second valve (1022) arranged on the steam outlet, the low-pressure heat supply network heater (103) is communicated with the steam outlet of the small steam turbine (102) through a steam channel, and the opening and closing angle of the second valve (1022) is used for controlling the steam quantity of third steam discharged from the steam outlet; the low-pressure heat supply network heater (103) is used for heating the circulating water in the heat supply network once by utilizing the heat of the third steam;
the small steam turbine (102) comprises a steam extraction port and a first valve (1021) arranged on the steam extraction port, the high-pressure heat supply network heater (104) is communicated with the steam extraction port of the small steam turbine (102) through a steam channel, and the opening and closing angle of the first valve (1021) is used for controlling the steam quantity of fourth steam discharged by the steam extraction port; the high-pressure heat supply network heater (104) is used for secondarily heating the primarily-heated circulating water by utilizing the fourth steam;
the system further comprises a controller connected to the first valve (1021), the second valve (1022) and the third valve (1023), respectively;
the controller is used for: acquiring a target temperature required by circulating water sent by a heat supply management system, determining the steam extraction amount, the steam discharge amount and the steam inlet amount based on the target temperature, generating a first signal carrying the steam extraction amount, a second signal carrying the steam discharge amount and a third signal carrying the steam inlet amount, and further sending the first signal to the first valve (1021), the second signal to the second valve (1022) and the third signal to the third valve (1023);
wherein the controller is further configured to:
when the target temperature is larger than a first preset value and smaller than a second preset value, determining that the steam extraction amount is equal to 0, and the steam discharge amount and the steam inlet amount are equal to preset steam amounts, wherein when the steam discharge amount is smaller than the preset steam amount, the temperature of circulating water in the heat supply network is increased along with the increase of the steam amount of third steam, and when the steam discharge amount is larger than the preset steam amount, the temperature of circulating water in the heat supply network is not changed;
when the target temperature is greater than a second preset value, determining that the steam discharge amount is equal to a preset steam quantity, determining the steam extraction amount corresponding to the target temperature according to the target temperature and the corresponding relation between the temperature and the steam extraction amount, and adding the steam discharge amount and the steam extraction amount to obtain the steam inlet amount;
when the target temperature is smaller than the first preset value, determining that the steam extraction amount is equal to 0, determining the steam extraction amount according to the target temperature and the corresponding relation between the pre-stored temperature and the steam extraction amount, and taking the steam extraction amount as the steam inlet amount, or determining the steam inlet amount according to the corresponding relation between the target temperature and the pre-stored temperature and the steam inlet amount, and taking the steam inlet amount as the steam extraction amount.
2. The system of claim 1, wherein the enthalpy value of the fourth vapor per unit volume is greater than the enthalpy value of the third vapor per unit volume and less than the enthalpy value of the second vapor per unit volume;
the first valve (1021) is configured to determine, when the first valve (1021) receives a first signal, an amount of extracted steam carried in the first signal, determine an opening and closing angle of the first valve (1021) according to the amount of extracted steam and a correspondence between a pre-stored amount of steam and an opening and closing angle of the valve, and adjust a current opening and closing angle of the first valve (1021) according to the opening and closing angle of the first valve (1021), so as to discharge fourth steam of the amount of extracted steam at the steam extraction port;
the high-pressure heating network heater (104) is used for secondarily heating the primarily-heated circulating water by utilizing the fourth steam of the steam extraction quantity.
3. The system of claim 2, wherein the system further comprises a controller configured to control the controller,
the second valve (1022) is configured to determine, when the second valve (1022) receives a second signal, an opening and closing angle of the second valve (1022) according to an amount of exhaust gas carried in the second signal and a correspondence between a pre-stored amount of exhaust gas and an opening and closing angle of the valve, and adjust, according to the opening and closing angle of the second valve (1022), a current opening and closing angle of the second valve (1022), so as to exhaust a third amount of exhaust gas at the exhaust gas port;
the low-pressure heat supply network heater (103) is used for heating the circulating water in the heat supply network once by utilizing the third steam of the exhaust steam quantity.
4. The system of claim 3, wherein the system further comprises a controller configured to control the controller,
and the third valve (1023) is configured to determine, when the third valve (1023) receives a third signal, an opening and closing angle of the third valve (1023) according to a corresponding relationship between an intake amount carried in the third signal and a pre-stored amount of steam and an opening and closing angle of the valve, and adjust, according to the opening and closing angle of the third valve (1023), a current opening and closing angle of the third valve (1023), so as to exhaust a second steam of the intake amount at the intake port, where the intake amount is equal to a sum of the exhaust amount and the extraction amount.
5. The system of claim 2, wherein the system further comprises a controller configured to control the controller,
the first valve (1021) is further configured to close the first valve (1021) when the first valve (1021) detects that the amount of extracted steam is equal to 0.
6. The system according to claim 5, further comprising a condenser pipe (106), the condenser pipe (106) being in communication with the low pressure heat supply network heater (103) and the high pressure heat supply network heater (104), respectively, via a hydrophobic conduit;
the condensing pipe (106) is used for collecting the drain water discharged by the low-pressure heat supply network heater (103) and the drain water discharged by the high-pressure heat supply network heater (104) and conveying the collected drain water back to the two loops.
7. The system of claim 5, further comprising a blowdown cooling tank (106), the blowdown cooling tank (106) being in communication with the low pressure heat supply network heater (103) and the high pressure heat supply network heater (104) through hydrophobic pipes, respectively;
and the blowdown cooling pond (106) is used for carrying out decontamination cooling treatment on the drainage water discharged by the low-pressure heat supply network heater (103) and the drainage water discharged by the high-pressure heat supply network heater (104) to obtain the drainage water after decontamination.
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