CN113862072A - 一种用于轴承套圈回火工序的水性防锈剂 - Google Patents
一种用于轴承套圈回火工序的水性防锈剂 Download PDFInfo
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- CN113862072A CN113862072A CN202111145095.2A CN202111145095A CN113862072A CN 113862072 A CN113862072 A CN 113862072A CN 202111145095 A CN202111145095 A CN 202111145095A CN 113862072 A CN113862072 A CN 113862072A
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种用于轴承套圈回火工序的水性防锈剂，由如下质量百分数的组分组成：螯合剂1.5％～2％、碱度保持剂8％～12％、有机酸6％～8％、两性表面活性剂1.5％～3％、成膜剂9％～12％、缓蚀剂4％～6％、杀菌剂0.1％‑0.2％、消泡剂0.1％‑0.2％以及余量水。本发明防锈剂可满足回火工序过程持续高温环境(160‑200℃，2‑3小时)下的防锈，回火出来时，工件表面无黄斑、锈斑；且在回火结束并自然冷却后还能有效防锈3‑5天，3～5天后，工件表面仍没有黄色锈点；工件表面无无机盐残留物，回火后不易形成回火斑，不影响零件表面的回火光亮性，也不易吸潮，在湿热天气可避免因吸收空气中的酸性气体如二氧化硫、二氧化碳等形成电化学腐蚀；回火后工件表面不发粘，可避免后道抛丸工序粘结钢珠，提高抛丸效率和效果。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于轴承套圈回火工序的水性防锈剂。
背景技术
轴承是当代机械设备中一种非常重要的零部件，它的主要功能是支承旋转轴或其它运动体,引导转动或移动运动并承受由轴或轴上零件传递而来的载荷。轴承在制造过程中需要进行淬火处理，淬火后需要进行清洗防锈和回火，回火的目的是减轻淬火内应力，防止开裂，稳定组织，从而稳定尺寸，提高韧性。但在回火过程中，工件需要在高温状态下(160-200℃)保持3小时左右，在这个时间内经常出现生锈的问题；当工件流转到磨削工序的时间较长时，在回火后也会出现生锈问题，从而造成零件报废和经济损失。
目前行业内，为解决轴承套圈淬火过程或者淬火后生锈问题，往往在回火前的清洗槽中添加亚硝酸钠增加防锈，以及在回火后的周转库中向工件定期喷淋亚硝酸钠水溶液，虽然防锈性较好，但往往会造成工件表面白色残留过高，并带到磨削工序，导致磨削液中亚硝酸钠含量也偏高，容易引起人员过敏和其他健康问题。根据JB/T 13024-2017《热处理件清洗技术要求》，用于热处理件清洗的清洗剂中亚硝酸钠的含量不得超过0.5mg/L(去离子水溶液中含量5％)。
现有不含亚硝酸钠的防锈剂回火后工件表面有无机盐残留，残留物不仅影响工件外观且吸潮后还会在工件表面形成电化学腐蚀。或回火后工件表面发粘，回火后有喷丸工艺时，发粘物无法被有效去除，还会出现粘结钢丸的问题。
发明内容
发明目的：本发明的目的是提供一种回火后工件表面无无机盐残留且工件表面不发粘的用于轴承套圈回火工序的水性防锈剂。
技术方案：本发明所述的用于轴承套圈回火工序的水性防锈剂，由如下质量百分数的组分组成：螯合剂1.5％～2％、碱度保持剂8％～12％、有机酸6％～8％、两性表面活性剂1.5％～3％、成膜剂9％～12％、缓蚀剂4％～6％、杀菌剂0.1％-0.2％、消泡剂0.1％-0.2％以及余量水。
其中，所述螯合剂为葡萄糖酸钠或葡庚糖酸钠中的一种或两种的混合；螯合剂用于去除水体中的钙、镁离子，防止钙、镁离子与有机酸反应而消耗有机酸，从而使防锈剂失去防锈能力；所述螯合剂在工作液温度60～80℃、pH值高达12的条件下仍能保持良好的螯合效果。
其中，所述碱度保持剂为三乙醇胺和环己基二乙醇胺的混合物。碱度保持剂与防锈能力直接相关，碱度保持剂的沸点高，不易挥发从而影响防锈剂的性能，环己基二乙醇胺与三乙醇胺的混合比例应不小于2:1，从而实现碱度保持能力和pH值同时兼顾，防锈效果最好。
其中，所述有机酸为植物油基脂肪酸，可以为直链烯基琥珀酸酐、二聚脂肪酸或长碳链二元酸中任意两种的混合物；
其中，所述直链烯基琥珀酸酐为壬烯基琥珀酸酐或十二烯基琥珀酸酐；所述二聚脂肪酸为碳原子数为36的链状二聚酸；所述长碳链二元酸的碳原子数为21。
其中，碳原子数为36的链状二聚酸由妥尔油脂肪酸、棉油酸、大豆油酸、棉花籽油脂肪酸或菜油脂肪酸为原料缩聚而成；相比四聚合酸、六聚酸或其他多聚酸，碳原子数为36的链状二聚酸空间位阻较小，使防锈剂在零件表面的排列更紧密，防锈效果更优；同时粘性更低，防锈后零件表面不易发粘。
其中，碳原子数为21的二元酸由妥尔油酸、蓖麻油酸或菜籽油酸与丙烯酸通过Diels-Alder反应合成得到，碳原子数为21的二元酸不仅具有良好的防锈效果，还有辅助清洗能力，当防锈剂与回火前道工序中的清洗剂混合使用时(即将防锈剂加入到清洗剂中)，还可通过增溶作用提高非离子体系水基清洗剂的稳定性。
其中，所述两性表面活性剂为N-月桂基-β-亚氨基二丙酸钠。N-月桂基-β-亚氨基二丙酸钠中丙二酸官能团易于与金属表面吸附，月桂基在外部形成疏水链，具有明显的防锈增效作用；同时能提高防锈剂的润湿性，促进防锈剂与工件的接触。
其中，所述成膜剂为聚乙二醇和丙烯酸-丙烯酸酯聚合物组成的混合物；进一步，聚乙二醇的分子量为1500～2000；丙烯酸-丙烯酸酯聚合物的分子量为60000～80000，固化温度为170～220℃。成膜剂起成膜固化作用，使在回火过程中，高温下防锈膜不易被破坏，且隔离潮湿空气，抗黄变。
其中，所述缓蚀剂为对叔丁基苯甲酸三乙醇胺酯和/或对硝基苯甲酸三乙醇胺酯。缓蚀剂具有气相防锈功能，回火过程可挥发，在工件周围形成防锈氛围，气相缓释，从而降低周围潮湿空气对工件的闪锈。
上述用于轴承套圈回火工序的水性防锈剂的制备方法，具体为：将配方量水加入反应釜中，在常温下往反应釜中加入螯合剂、碱度保持剂和有机酸并搅拌至均匀透明，再加入缓蚀剂、成膜剂和两性表面活性剂搅拌至均匀透明，最后加入消泡剂搅拌至均匀透明。
有益效果：相比于现有技术，本发明的显著优点为：(1)将工件在回火前浸泡在本发明防锈剂中或采用本发明防锈剂对工件进行喷淋，本发明防锈剂可满足回火工序过程持续高温环境(160-200℃，2-3小时)下的防锈，回火出来时，工件表面无黄斑、锈斑；且在回火结束并自然冷却后还能有效防锈3-5天，3～5天后，工件表面仍没有黄色锈点；(2)工件表面无无机盐残留物，回火后不易形成回火斑，不影响零件表面的回火光亮性，也不易吸潮，在湿热天气可避免因吸收空气中的酸性气体如二氧化硫、二氧化碳等形成电化学腐蚀；(3)回火后工件表面不发粘，可避免后道抛丸工序粘结钢珠，提高抛丸效率和效果；(4)生物稳定性好，能满足回火前防锈槽半年以上循环使用的寿命要求，防止产生菌皮类发粘物堵塞管道、污染零件或影响防锈效果；(5)配方中不含亚硝酸钠，不含磷、硫和氯等元素，减少对操作人员的刺激，废水易处理，具有良好的安全和环保性。
附图说明
图1为工件回火保温2～3h后的外观图；
图2为回火后放置5天的工件外观图；
图3为回火后放置5天并抛丸的工件外观图。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例来对本发明技术方案作进一步阐述。
实施例1
本发明用于轴承套圈回火工序的水性防锈剂，由如下重量百分比的各原料组分组成：2％葡萄糖酸钠、2.5％三乙醇胺、6％环己基二乙醇胺、2％十二烯基琥珀酸酐、4％C21二元酸、2％N-月桂基-β-亚氨基二丙酸钠、3％PEG1500、5％丙烯酸-丙烯酸酯聚合物、5％对硝基苯甲酸三乙醇胺酯、0.2％BIT20、0.1％AFE-1247以及水余量；其中，丙烯酸-丙烯酸酯聚合物的分子量为80000。
实施例2
本发明用于轴承套圈回火工序的水性防锈剂，由如下重量百分比的各原料组分组成：1.5％葡庚糖酸钠、3％三乙醇胺、6％环己基二乙醇胺、4％十二烯基琥珀酸酐、3％C21二元酸、1％N-月桂基-β-亚氨基二丙酸钠、5％PEG2000、7％丙烯酸-丙烯酸酯聚合物、4％对硝基苯甲酸三乙醇胺酯、0.1％BIT20、0.1％乳化硅油以及水余量；其中，丙烯酸-丙烯酸酯聚合物的分子量为80000。
实施例3
本发明用于轴承套圈回火工序的水性防锈剂，由如下重量百分比的各原料组分组成：1％葡萄糖酸钠、1％葡庚糖酸钠、4％三乙醇胺、8％环己基二乙醇胺、5％十二烯基琥珀酸酐、3％C21二元酸、1.5％N-月桂基-β-亚氨基二丙酸钠、5％PEG1500、5％丙烯酸-丙烯酸酯聚合物、4％对叔丁基苯甲酸三乙醇胺酯、0.1％BIT20、0.2％乳化硅油以及水余量；其中，丙烯酸-丙烯酸酯聚合物的分子量为80000。
实施例4
本发明用于轴承套圈回火工序的水性防锈剂，由如下重量百分比的各原料组分组成：2％葡萄糖酸钠、3％三乙醇胺、7％环己基二乙醇胺、4％十二烯基琥珀酸酐、2％C21二元酸、3％N-月桂基-β-亚氨基二丙酸钠、3％PEG2000、6％丙烯酸-丙烯酸酯聚合物、3％对叔丁基苯甲酸三乙醇胺酯、3％对硝基苯甲酸三乙醇胺酯、0.1％BIT20、0.1％AFE-1247以及水余量；其中，丙烯酸-丙烯酸酯聚合物的分子量为60000。
将实施例1得到的水性防锈剂，用自来水稀释成质量浓度为5％的工作液，将其加入到网带炉回火前的最后一道漂洗槽中，常温30～60℃的温度范围内对清洗后的轴承套圈进行喷淋漂洗，然后将工件通过网带送入回火段，在180℃条件下保温3小时。如图1所示，工件出回火炉后表面呈现银灰色，未见白色残留、粘性残留和回火斑(回火前采用工作液对工件进行喷淋，经过回火保温3小时后，工件表面得到防锈膜层，回火出来时，工件表面无黄斑、锈斑)，回火后工件在料框中放置5天后，如图2所示，表面未见吸潮，未生锈(5天后，工件表面仍未见黄色锈点)，如图3所示，工件抛丸后也未见工件表面粘结钢丸。
对比实施例1
一种用于轴承套圈回火工序的水性防锈剂，由如下重量百分比的各原料组分组成：2％葡萄糖酸钠、2.5％三乙醇胺、6％环己基二乙醇胺、2％十二碳二元酸，6％三元羧酸、2％N-月桂基-β-亚氨基二丙酸钠、3％PEG1500、5％丙烯酸-丙烯酸酯聚合物、5％对硝基苯甲酸三乙醇胺酯、0.2％BIT20、0.1％AFE-1247以及水余量；其中，丙烯酸-丙烯酸酯聚合物的分子量为80000。
对比实施例2
一种用于轴承套圈回火工序的水性防锈剂，由如下重量百分比的各原料组分组成：2％葡萄糖酸钠、2.5％三乙醇胺、6％环己基二乙醇胺、2％十二烯基琥珀酸酐、4％C21二元酸、3％PEG1500、5％丙烯酸-丙烯酸酯聚合物、5％对硝基苯甲酸三乙醇胺酯、0.2％BIT20、0.1％AFE-1247以及水余量；其中，丙烯酸-丙烯酸酯聚合物的分子量为80000。
实施例1～4以及对比实施例1～2水性防锈剂的性能指标见表1。
表1
备注：a表示残留性能的试验方法，先用自来水配置5％的防锈剂水溶液，将打磨和清洗处理好的45#钢试片在防锈剂溶液中浸泡5min，最后在105℃的烘箱中干燥30min，观察试片表面的残留情况。
通过表1可知，实施例1～4说明有机酸采用烯基琥珀酸酐与C21二元酸协同表面活性剂N-月桂基-β-亚氨基二丙酸钠，一方面肉眼可见无残留，另一方面可获得较低的表面张力，从而具有优异的湿热防锈效果。与实施例1～4相比，对比实施例1采用传统二元酸和三元酸组合替代植物油基脂肪酸(十二烯基琥珀酸酐和C21二元酸)后试片局部有白色残留，且湿热防锈效果明显下降；对比实施例2未添加活性剂N-月桂基-β-亚氨基二丙酸钠，表面张力明显增大，对试片的润湿性下降，湿热防锈效果下降。
Claims (10)
1.一种用于轴承套圈回火工序的水性防锈剂，其特征在于，由如下质量百分数的组分组成：螯合剂1.5％～2％、碱度保持剂8％～12％、有机酸6％～8％、两性表面活性剂1.5％～3％、成膜剂9％～12％、缓蚀剂4％～6％、杀菌剂0.1％-0.2％、消泡剂0.1％-0.2％以及余量水。
2.根据权利要求1所述的用于轴承套圈回火工序的水性防锈剂，其特征在于：所述螯合剂为葡萄糖酸钠或葡庚糖酸钠中的一种或两种的混合。
3.根据权利要求1所述的用于轴承套圈回火工序的水性防锈剂，其特征在于：所述碱度保持剂为三乙醇胺和环己基二乙醇胺的混合物。
4.根据权利要求1所述的用于轴承套圈回火工序的水性防锈剂，其特征在于：所述有机酸为直链烯基琥珀酸酐、二聚脂肪酸或长碳链二元酸中任意两种的混合物。
5.根据权利要求4所述的用于轴承套圈回火工序的水性防锈剂，其特征在于：所述直链烯基琥珀酸酐为壬烯基琥珀酸酐或十二烯基琥珀酸酐；所述二聚脂肪酸为碳原子数为36的链状二聚酸；所述长碳链二元酸的碳原子数为21。
6.根据权利要求5所述的用于轴承套圈回火工序的水性防锈剂，其特征在于：碳原子数为36的链状二聚酸采用妥尔油脂肪酸、棉油酸、大豆油酸、棉花籽油脂肪酸或菜油脂肪酸为原料缩聚而成。
7.根据权利要求5所述的用于轴承套圈回火工序的水性防锈剂，其特征在于：碳原子数为21的二元酸由妥尔油酸、蓖麻油酸或菜籽油酸与丙烯酸通过Diels-Alder反应合成得到。
8.根据权利要求1所述的用于轴承套圈回火工序的水性防锈剂，其特征在于：所述两性表面活性剂为N-月桂基-β-亚氨基二丙酸钠。
9.根据权利要求1所述的用于轴承套圈回火工序的水性防锈剂，其特征在于：所述成膜剂为聚乙二醇和丙烯酸-丙烯酸酯聚合物组成的混合物；其中，聚乙二醇的分子量为1500～2000；丙烯酸-丙烯酸酯聚合物的分子量为60000～80000，固化温度为170～220℃。
10.根据权利要求1所述的用于轴承套圈回火工序的水性防锈剂，其特征在于：所述缓蚀剂为对叔丁基苯甲酸三乙醇胺酯和/或对硝基苯甲酸三乙醇胺酯。
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