CN113856099A - Air water-injection fire-extinguishing method for fixed-wing aircraft - Google Patents
Air water-injection fire-extinguishing method for fixed-wing aircraft Download PDFInfo
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- CN113856099A CN113856099A CN202111245870.1A CN202111245870A CN113856099A CN 113856099 A CN113856099 A CN 113856099A CN 202111245870 A CN202111245870 A CN 202111245870A CN 113856099 A CN113856099 A CN 113856099A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 title claims description 15
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 title claims description 15
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 191
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000009749 continuous casting Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012790 confirmation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009194 climbing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007405 data analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C3/00—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places
- A62C3/02—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places for area conflagrations, e.g. forest fires, subterranean fires
- A62C3/0228—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places for area conflagrations, e.g. forest fires, subterranean fires with delivery of fire extinguishing material by air or aircraft
- A62C3/0242—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places for area conflagrations, e.g. forest fires, subterranean fires with delivery of fire extinguishing material by air or aircraft by spraying extinguishants from the aircraft
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C31/00—Delivery of fire-extinguishing material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C37/00—Control of fire-fighting equipment
- A62C37/04—Control of fire-fighting equipment with electrically-controlled release
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64D—EQUIPMENT FOR FITTING IN OR TO AIRCRAFT; FLIGHT SUITS; PARACHUTES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF POWER PLANTS OR PROPULSION TRANSMISSIONS IN AIRCRAFT
- B64D1/00—Dropping, ejecting, releasing, or receiving articles, liquids, or the like, in flight
- B64D1/16—Dropping or releasing powdered, liquid, or gaseous matter, e.g. for fire-fighting
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
- Emergency Management (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Ecology (AREA)
- Forests & Forestry (AREA)
- Fire-Extinguishing By Fire Departments, And Fire-Extinguishing Equipment And Control Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of airborne fire extinguishing of fixed wing airplanes, and discloses an aerial water-throwing fire extinguishing method of a fixed wing airplane. The invention mainly provides a set of control principles and operation flows for controlling the retraction and release of a low-altitude water-throwing cabin door of an airplane and the unlocking/locking of the water-throwing cabin door according to the characteristics of airplane performance and fire extinguishing safety of a fixed-wing airplane, the safety criterion of each operation step is clarified, the unlocking of the cabin door is controlled by adopting hydraulic energy, the water-throwing cabin door is pressed by the self weight of water in a water tank, water flow is thrown out of the water tank, and the cabin door is controlled by adopting the hydraulic energy to be retracted and locked, so that the aim of safely and effectively throwing water and extinguishing fire is fulfilled.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of airborne fire extinguishing of fixed-wing airplanes, relates to an aerial fire extinguishing method for an airplane, and particularly relates to an aerial water-throwing fire extinguishing method for a fixed-wing airplane.
Background
The fixed wing aircraft is used for the forest to put out a fire, and the accessible installs the machine near fixed wing aircraft fuselage weight center additional and carries the water tank to use airport ground fire engine or fire hydrant water injection, fly to the regional execution of conflagration and throw the water task of putting out a fire fast, have very strong mobility, flexibility, carry out that the task of putting out a fire fast, the load capacity is big, characteristics such as efficiency of putting out a fire are high, can wide application abroad at present. Although the fire extinguishing fixed wing aircraft independently developed in China can be used for executing a fire extinguishing task, a clear water feeding method, an operation flow and a criterion are not established at present, and the application of the fixed wing aircraft in the aviation fire extinguishing in China is directly influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an aerial water-throwing fire-extinguishing method for a fixed-wing aircraft, which can effectively ensure the water-throwing efficiency and safety, thereby ensuring the application of the fixed-wing aircraft in aviation fire extinguishment.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows:
a method for extinguishing fire by throwing water in air for fixed-wing aircraft includes judging whether the aircraft is in water throwing state, selecting water throwing mode to carry out water throwing operation after confirmation is finished, judging the state of opening the water throwing cabin door in real time by system, judging according to time after water throwing is finished, automatically controlling the water throwing cabin door to be closed by system, judging the state of closing the water throwing cabin door in real time by system and finally finishing the water throwing operation.
Further, the method specifically comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: judging whether the airplane is in the air or not and whether the flying height is safe or not according to the information of sensors at all positions on the airplane, judging whether water exists in a water tank or not, judging whether a water tank water injection cabin door is locked or not, and judging whether the airplane is not on the water surface or in the stage of landing or not; when all the conditions are met, the selection of a water feeding mode can be executed, namely, the step two is entered;
step two: selecting a water delivery mode according to the design condition of the airplane water tank, the target state of the fire scene and the current water carrying condition, and then entering the third step;
step three: after the water injection mode is selected, the unlocking hydraulic control equipment of the water injection cabin door is controlled to be powered on;
step four: controlling the airplane to approach the target, and judging whether the flying height and the flying speed meet the water throwing requirement or not; when all the conditions are met, the fire source target environment is kept level flying, a water throwing cabin door unlocking instruction is sent out, the water throwing cabin door unlocking hydraulic control equipment is controlled to work, and the water throwing cabin door lock is driven to unlock through hydraulic energy;
step five: starting timing while sending an unlocking instruction of the water delivery cabin door, judging whether a locking in-place signal of the water delivery cabin door disappears, judging whether an unlocking in-place signal of the water delivery cabin door is in place, if the signal is not received within a set time, judging that the system is failed to unlock, and reporting a fault by the system; if the signal is received within the set time, the unlocking of the water feeding cabin door is successful, and the step six is carried out;
step six: continuing timing, and automatically sending a water feeding cabin door retracting instruction when the next set time is reached, controlling the water feeding cabin door to retract the water feeding cabin door to work, and driving the water feeding cabin door to retract through a hydraulic energy source;
step seven: after a water delivery cabin door receiving instruction is automatically sent, whether the water delivery cabin door is received in place or not is judged, timing is started at the same time, if a cabin door receiving signal is not received within set time, the failure of door receiving is judged, and a system reports a failure; if the water delivery cabin door receiving signal is received within the set time or the set time is up, continuing to receive the water delivery cabin door and sending a locking instruction of a water delivery cabin door lock to control the locking hydraulic control equipment of the water delivery cabin door to work; the lock of the water throwing cabin door is driven to be locked by hydraulic energy; the design mode ensures that the task execution program can be executed downwards no matter the cabin door is closed or not, other functions of the system cannot be influenced due to the fact that the program cannot jump out, and meanwhile door closing error judgment caused by the fault of the cabin door lock sensor is avoided.
Step eight: starting timing while sending a locking instruction of a water throwing cabin door lock, judging that the door is failed to be received if a locking in-place signal or a door receiving in-place signal is not received within set time, reporting a fault by a system, simultaneously finishing door receiving and locking control, and finishing a water throwing process; if the locking in-place signal and the door receiving in-place signal are received within the set time, all faults are cleared, and the door receiving and locking control are ended at the same time;
step nine: and operating the airplane to climb to a safe height, finishing the water throwing process and finishing water throwing.
Further, the method also comprises the following steps of: before the first step, the airplane is circled to observe the state of a target fire scene, whether the current wind speed and direction, the smoke of the fire scene, the temperature of the fire scene, obstacles around the target and other environments meet the requirement that the airplane climbs again after water is poured or not is determined, if all the requirements are met, a water pouring process can be started, and water pouring starts.
Preferably, the aircraft safety altitude recommendation of step one is not less than 300 m.
Further, the water feeding mode in the step two comprises: three modes of simultaneous casting, continuous casting and fractional casting; the neat casting is as follows: all water in the water-carrying water tank is thrown out at one time; the continuous casting comprises the following steps: pressing the water feeding switch once, and feeding the water in the water carrying water tanks one by one according to a program set sequence; the split feeding comprises the following steps: the water throwing switch can be pressed for multiple times according to the unit judgment, the water throwing switch is pressed once, and water in the corresponding water tank is thrown out according to the water carrying quantity and the program setting until all water in the water carrying water tank is thrown out.
Preferably, the flight altitude of step four is not less than 50m, not more than 100m, and the speed is not less than 230km/h, and not more than 250 km/h.
Preferably, the timing time in the step five is not more than 2 s.
Preferably, the timing time in the sixth step is not more than 4 s.
Preferably, the timing time in the seventh step is not more than 10s and not less than 6 s.
Preferably, the timing time in the step eight is not more than 2 s.
The invention has the advantages that:
1. mainly according to the characteristics of airplane performance and fire extinguishing safety of a fixed wing airplane, a set of control principle and operation flow for controlling the retraction and release of a low-altitude water throwing cabin door and the unlocking/locking of the water throwing cabin door are provided, the safety criterion of each operation step is clarified, hydraulic energy is adopted to control the unlocking of the cabin door, the water throwing cabin door is pressed by the self weight of water in a water tank, water flow is thrown out of the water tank, and then the hydraulic energy is adopted to control the cabin door to be retracted and locked, so that the aim of safely and effectively throwing water and extinguishing fire is fulfilled;
2. the problem that a clear water-feeding principle, an operation flow and a criterion are not established yet when the fixed-wing aircraft executes a fire extinguishing task in China at present is solved, and therefore the application of the fixed-wing aircraft in aviation fire extinguishing is guaranteed.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method implementation of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The water drawing method of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples:
a method for extinguishing fire by throwing water in air of fixed-wing aircraft is characterized by providing a set of control principle and operation flow for controlling the retraction and release of a low-altitude water throwing cabin door of the aircraft and the unlocking/locking of the water throwing cabin door according to the flight performance and characteristics of the fixed-wing aircraft, making clear the safety criterion of each operation step, adopting hydraulic energy to control the unlocking of the cabin door, pressing the water throwing cabin door by the self weight of water in a water tank, throwing water flow out of the water tank, adopting the hydraulic energy to control the cabin door to be folded and locked, and further achieving the purpose of safely and effectively throwing water and extinguishing fire.
As shown in fig. 1, the invention provides a water-throwing principle and an operation process suitable for a fixed-wing aircraft, which mainly comprise operation processes of preparation before water throwing, water-throwing mode selection, low-altitude ground speed, unlocking, water flow out of a cabin, water-throwing cabin door closing, aircraft climbing, water-throwing ending and the like, and corresponding operation criteria. The water injection efficiency and safety can be effectively ensured, and the application of the fixed-wing aircraft in aviation fire extinguishing is ensured.
Preparing before water pouring: the method comprises the following steps that an airplane is hovered to observe the state of a target fire scene, whether the current wind speed and direction, the smoke of the fire scene, the temperature of the fire scene, obstacles around the target and other environments meet the requirement that the airplane climbs again after water is thrown into the airplane or not is determined, if all the requirements are met, a water throwing flow can be started, and water throwing starts;
the method comprises the following steps: judging whether the flight is in the air (the suggested height is more than 300m), performing water injection mode selection in the air, judging whether water exists in the water tank, entering a water injection flow if the water exists, judging whether a water injection cabin door of the water tank is locked well, and displaying that the water cannot be injected if the water injection cabin door of the water tank is not locked well; judging whether the airplane is in a water surface stage/a water landing stage/a landing stage, and if so, not using water to throw; and when all the conditions are met, the water is thrown, and the water throwing mode can be selected.
Step two: and selecting a water delivery mode according to the design condition of the airplane water tank, the target state of the fire scene and the current water carrying condition.
Step three: and operating the water delivery cabin door to unlock the hydraulic control equipment and electrifying the hydraulic control equipment.
Step four: and operating the airplane to approach the target, suggesting the flying height to be 50-100 m and the flying speed to be 230-250 km/h, keeping the plane flight as far as possible according to the fire source target environment when all the conditions are met, sending out a water-throwing cabin door unlocking instruction, controlling the water-throwing cabin door unlocking hydraulic control equipment to work, and driving the water-throwing cabin door lock to unlock through hydraulic energy.
Step five: meanwhile, timing for 2s is started, whether the locking in-place signal of the water delivery cabin door disappears or not is judged, whether the unlocking in-place signal of the water delivery cabin door is in place or not is judged, if the signal is not received within the set time, the unlocking failure of the system is judged, and the system reports the failure; if the signal is received within the set time, the water throwing cabin door is successfully unlocked, water pushes the water throwing cabin door open under the action of gravity, and water flows out of the cabin.
Step six: and continuing to count time for 4s, and automatically sending a water feeding cabin door retracting instruction when the set time is reached, controlling the water feeding cabin door to retract the water feeding cabin door to work by using hydraulic control equipment, and driving the water feeding cabin door to retract by using hydraulic energy.
Step seven: judging whether the water delivery cabin door is received in place or not, starting timing for 10s, and if the cabin door receiving position signal is not received within the set time, judging that the door receiving fails and reporting a fault by the system; if the water throwing cabin door receives the position signal within the set time or the set time is up, the water throwing cabin door continues to be received, a locking instruction of the water throwing cabin door lock is sent out at the same time, the locking hydraulic control equipment of the water throwing cabin door is controlled to work, and the water throwing cabin door lock is driven to be locked through the hydraulic energy.
Step eight: meanwhile, timing for 2s is started, if the locking in-place signal or the door receiving in-place signal is not received within the set time, the door receiving is judged to be failed, the system reports the failure, meanwhile, the door receiving and locking control are finished, and the water supply process is finished; if the locking in-place signal and the door receiving in-place signal are received within the set time, all faults are cleared, and the door receiving and locking control are ended at the same time.
Step nine: and (4) controlling the airplane to climb to a safe height of not less than 300m, automatically ending the water supply process, and ending the water supply.
The safety altitude suggestion of the airplane in the step one is not less than 300m, and design experience shows that the flight altitude can ensure flight safety and can change a water throwing task to be executed according to fire at any time.
And fourthly, the flying height is recommended to be not less than 50m and not more than 100m, the speed is recommended to be not less than 230km/h and not more than 250km/h, and test data analysis shows that the water injection effect in the high-speed range of the speed is better.
And step five, the timing time is not more than 2s, and tests show that the response time of water feeding does not cause operators to feel obvious time delay and the impact load on the structure is not too large.
And step six, the timing time is not more than 4s, and tests show that the water can fully flow out of the cabin within the timing time.
And seventhly, the timing time is not more than 10s and not less than 6s, tests show that the pneumatic performance of the airplane is influenced if the retraction time of the water delivery cabin door is too long, and the impact load on the structure is too large if the retraction time of the water delivery cabin door is too short.
And step eight, the timing time is not more than 2s, and tests show that the timing time can avoid the overlarge impact load of the structure.
Claims (10)
1. The air water-throwing fire extinguishing method of the fixed-wing aircraft is characterized by firstly judging whether the aircraft is in a water-throwing state or not, selecting a water-throwing mode to carry out water-throwing operation after the completion of confirmation, judging the state of opening a water-throwing cabin door in real time by a system, judging according to time after the water-throwing is completed, automatically controlling the water-throwing cabin door to be closed by the system, judging the state of closing the water-throwing cabin door in real time by the system, and finally finishing the water-throwing operation.
2. The aerial water-throwing fire-extinguishing method for the fixed-wing aircraft according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: judging whether the airplane is in the air or not and whether the flying height is safe or not according to the information of sensors at all positions on the airplane, judging whether water exists in a water tank or not, judging whether a water tank water injection cabin door is locked or not, and judging whether the airplane is not on the water surface or in the stage of landing or not; when all the conditions are met, the selection of a water feeding mode can be executed, namely, the step two is entered;
step two: selecting a water delivery mode according to the design condition of the airplane water tank, the target state of the fire scene and the current water carrying condition, and then entering the third step;
step three: after the water injection mode is selected, the unlocking hydraulic control equipment of the water injection cabin door is controlled to be powered on;
step four: controlling the airplane to approach the target, and judging whether the flying height and the flying speed meet the water throwing requirement or not; when all the conditions are met, the fire source target environment is kept level flying, a water throwing cabin door unlocking instruction is sent out, the water throwing cabin door unlocking hydraulic control equipment is controlled to work, and the water throwing cabin door lock is driven to unlock through hydraulic energy;
step five: starting timing while sending an unlocking instruction of the water delivery cabin door, judging whether a locking in-place signal of the water delivery cabin door disappears, judging whether an unlocking in-place signal of the water delivery cabin door is in place, if the signal is not received within a set time, judging that the system is failed to unlock, and reporting a fault by the system; if the signal is received within the set time, the unlocking of the water feeding cabin door is successful, and the step six is carried out;
step six: continuing timing, and automatically sending a water feeding cabin door retracting instruction when the next set time is reached, controlling the water feeding cabin door to retract the water feeding cabin door to work, and driving the water feeding cabin door to retract through a hydraulic energy source;
step seven: after a water delivery cabin door receiving instruction is automatically sent, whether the water delivery cabin door is received in place or not is judged, timing is started at the same time, if a cabin door receiving signal is not received within set time, the failure of door receiving is judged, and a system reports a failure; if the water delivery cabin door receiving signal is received within the set time or the set time is up, continuing to receive the water delivery cabin door and sending a locking instruction of a water delivery cabin door lock to control the locking hydraulic control equipment of the water delivery cabin door to work; the lock of the water throwing cabin door is driven to be locked by hydraulic energy;
step eight: starting timing while sending a locking instruction of a water throwing cabin door lock, judging that the door is failed to be received if a locking in-place signal or a door receiving in-place signal is not received within set time, reporting a fault by a system, simultaneously finishing door receiving and locking control, and finishing a water throwing process; if the locking in-place signal and the door receiving in-place signal are received within the set time, all faults are cleared, and the door receiving and locking control are ended at the same time;
step nine: and operating the airplane to climb to a safe height, finishing the water throwing process and finishing water throwing.
3. The method of claim 2, further comprising the steps of, prior to water delivery: before the first step, the airplane is circled to observe the state of a target fire scene, whether the current wind speed and direction, the smoke of the fire scene, the temperature of the fire scene, obstacles around the target and other environments meet the requirement that the airplane climbs again after water is poured or not is determined, if all the requirements are met, a water pouring process can be started, and water pouring starts.
4. The method of claim 2, wherein the aircraft of step one is not lower than 300m in safe altitude.
5. The method according to claim 2, wherein the water-dropping mode in the second step comprises: three modes of simultaneous casting, continuous casting and fractional casting; the neat casting is as follows: all water in the water-carrying water tank is thrown out at one time; the continuous casting comprises the following steps: pressing the water feeding switch once, and feeding the water in the water carrying water tanks one by one according to a program set sequence; the split feeding comprises the following steps: the water throwing switch can be pressed for multiple times according to the unit judgment, the water throwing switch is pressed once, and water in the corresponding water tank is thrown out according to the water carrying quantity and the program setting until all water in the water carrying water tank is thrown out.
6. The method of claim 2, wherein the flying height in step four is not less than 50m and not more than 100m, and the speed is not less than 230km/h and not more than 250 km/h.
7. The method according to claim 2, wherein the timing time in step five is not more than 2 s.
8. The method according to claim 2, wherein the time counted in step six is not more than 4 s.
9. The method of claim 2, wherein the timing time in step seven is not greater than 10s and not less than 6 s.
10. The method according to claim 2, wherein the time counted in step eight is not more than 2 s.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202111245870.1A CN113856099A (en) | 2021-10-25 | 2021-10-25 | Air water-injection fire-extinguishing method for fixed-wing aircraft |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202111245870.1A CN113856099A (en) | 2021-10-25 | 2021-10-25 | Air water-injection fire-extinguishing method for fixed-wing aircraft |
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2021
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Application publication date: 20211231 |