CN113854068A - Cultivation method for replanting oat with high quality and high yield forage grass on black land barley - Google Patents
Cultivation method for replanting oat with high quality and high yield forage grass on black land barley Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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Abstract
The invention realizes the cultivation method of the barley multi-cropping oat on the cold black land for the first time based on the soil quality and ecological environment of the black land and the growth characteristics of the barley and the oat, can produce the barley and the oat within one year, improves the yield and quality of high-quality forage grass, improves the land utilization efficiency, increases the economic benefit, and simultaneously protects the land resources of the black land. By optimizing the specific processes of soil arrangement, seed selection and sowing, field management and the like, the good growth of barley and oat on black land is realized, a large amount of high-quality forage grass is harvested, the requirement of animal husbandry on forage grass is relieved, meanwhile, the damage to a natural pasture is reduced, and the ecological benefit is good.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of pasture planting, and particularly relates to a cultivation method of a high-quality and high-yield forage grass for multi-cropping oat of barley in black land.
Background
The black land is an important natural resource in China and plays a great role in agricultural development in China, however, the black land is thinned and hardened due to the fact that an unreasonable plowing planting mode is adopted for a long time and water and soil conservation and repeated rolling of agricultural machinery and instruments are neglected, organic matter content is reduced, and the black land resource is degraded. Therefore, effective measures are taken to reasonably develop black land resources and improve the quality of the black land soil.
The black land is located in a severe cold area in northern China, and high-quality forage grass such as oat, barley and the like is planted in the black land, so that the requirement of animal husbandry in the area on the high-quality forage grass can be relieved, the soil quality of the black land can be improved, the income level of farmers and herders is increased, and the method has the characteristic of better sustainable development.
Barley is one of the main grain crops in China, is also an important raw material for high-quality energy feed and brewing beer in livestock husbandry and aquaculture industry in China, has the characteristics of precocity, cold resistance, drought resistance, alkali resistance, barren resistance and the like, has fast growth of stem leaves, flourishing and tender stems and leaves, can be used for green feeding, ensiling or hay making, and has the seed particle nutrition value of the corn which is comparable to the king of the feed. The oat is annual gramineae forage grass, has the characteristics of cold resistance, drought resistance, barren resistance, strong adaptability and the like, is rich in nutritive value and high in yield, is favorite for livestock regardless of green hay and seeds, and is the first choice for supplementing feed in winter and spring and establishing artificial grasslands.
Therefore, based on the soil characteristics and ecological environment of the black land, the method for cultivating the high-quality and high-yield oat forage grass in the black land is provided, and the method is one of the research focuses and difficulties in the field for meeting the development requirements of the northern animal husbandry and improving the soil quality of the black land.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a cultivation method of high-quality and high-yield forage grass for multi-cropping oat of barley in black land, which improves the yield and quality of forage grass such as barley and oat and improves the soil quality of black land at the same time by optimizing technical means such as soil arrangement, seed selection and sowing, addition management and the like based on the soil characteristics and ecological environment of the black land.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme that the cultivation method for replanting oat with high quality and high yield on the black land barley comprises the following steps:
(1) soil conditioning
Applying agricultural fertilizer according to the dosage of 800 plus-1000 kg/mu, ploughing to the depth of 20-30cm, ploughing the ploughed black land, watering once, and soaking the water to the depth of 25-40 cm;
(2) seed selection and sowing of barley
Uniformly mixing the screened barley seeds with a seed treatment agent according to the weight ratio of 1:5-6, wherein the seed treatment agent is prepared by uniformly mixing 30-50 parts of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, 2-5 parts of trace element fertilizer, 5-10 parts of antibacterial insecticide and 20-30 parts of black land soil;
sowing by adopting a method of scattered sowing or drill sowing, wherein the sowing quantity is 25-30 kg/mu, the row spacing is 13-15cm, the depth is 4-6cm, and watering is carried out after 1-2cm of soil is covered after sowing is finished, so that the soil humidity is ensured to be 10-15%;
(3) barley field management
Controlling weeds and plant diseases and insect pests, watering in time according to soil moisture content, and applying urea at an elongation stage and a booting stage, wherein the using amount is 5-8 kg/mu; watering in time after dressing urea; harvesting at the early flowering stage of barley;
(4) land preparation before oat sowing
Applying compound fertilizer according to the dosage of 300 plus 500 kg/mu, ploughing to the depth of 20-30cm, ploughing the ploughed black land, watering once, and soaking the water to the depth of 25-40 cm;
(5) oat seed selection and sowing
Uniformly mixing screened oat seeds with a seed treatment agent according to a weight ratio of 1:5-6, wherein the seed treatment agent is prepared by uniformly mixing 30-50 parts of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, 2-5 parts of trace element fertilizer, 5-10 parts of antibacterial insecticide and 20-30 parts of black land soil;
sowing by adopting a broadcasting or drilling method, wherein the sowing amount is 15-20 kg/mu, the row spacing is 10-13cm, the depth is 3-5cm, and watering is carried out after 1-2cm of soil is covered after sowing is finished, so that the soil humidity is ensured to be 10-15%;
(6) oat field management
Controlling weeds and plant diseases and insect pests, watering in time according to soil moisture content, and applying urea at an elongation stage and a booting stage, wherein the using amount is 5-8 kg/mu; watering in time after dressing urea; harvesting is carried out in the milk stage of the oat.
Preferably, the oat seed is selected from at least one of mongolian bird's nest No. 1, Canadian white oat, Qinghai 444, Qingyin No. 2, sweet bird's nest No. 1;
preferably, the barley seeds are selected from at least one of Mongolian beer No. 3, Mongolian beer No. 4, sweet beer No. 4, Long beer No. 1 and Long beer No. 3;
preferably, the antibacterial insecticide is a pesticide commercially available in the art; one selected from imidacloprid, nitenpyram, carbendazim and abamectin;
preferably, the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium proportion in the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer is as follows: 2-4 kg/mu of nitrogen, 1-1.5 kg/mu of phosphorus and 1.5-2 kg/mu of potassium;
preferably, the seeding time of the barley is 4 months and 1 day to 4 months and 10 days, and the seeding time of the oat is 6 months and 25 days to 7 months and 2 days.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the invention realizes the cultivation method of the barley multi-cropping oat on the cold black land for the first time based on the soil quality and ecological environment of the black land and the growth characteristics of the barley and the oat, can produce the barley and the oat within one year, improves the yield and quality of high-quality forage grass, improves the land utilization efficiency, increases the economic benefit, and simultaneously protects the land resources of the black land.
(2) The invention realizes the good growth of barley and oat on black land by optimizing the concrete processes of soil arrangement, seed selection and sowing, field management and the like, harvests a large amount of high-quality forage grass, relieves the forage grass demand of animal husbandry, reduces the damage to natural pasture and has good ecological benefit.
Detailed Description
For a further understanding of the invention, reference will now be made to the preferred embodiments of the present invention by way of example, and it is to be understood that the description is intended to further illustrate features and advantages of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of the claims which follow. All of the starting materials of the present invention, without particular limitation as to their source, may be purchased commercially or prepared according to conventional methods well known to those skilled in the art.
Example 1
A cultivation method for multi-cropping oat high-quality high-yield forage grass for barley in black land comprises the following steps:
(1) soil conditioning
Applying agricultural fertilizer according to the dosage of 1000 kg/mu, ploughing to the depth of 30cm, ploughing the ploughed black land, watering once, and soaking the water to the depth of 40 cm;
(2) seed selection and sowing of barley
Uniformly mixing the screened barley seeds with a seed treatment agent according to the weight ratio of 1:5, wherein the seed treatment agent is prepared by uniformly mixing 50 parts of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, 2 parts of trace element fertilizer, 10 parts of antibacterial insecticide and 30 parts of black land soil;
sowing by adopting a broadcasting method, wherein the sowing amount is 25 kg/mu, the row spacing is 15cm, the depth is 4cm, and after sowing is finished, watering is carried out after covering soil for 2cm, so that the soil humidity is ensured to be 15%;
(3) barley field management
Controlling weeds and plant diseases and insect pests, watering in time according to soil moisture content, and applying urea with the dosage of 5 kg/mu in an elongation stage and a booting stage; watering in time after dressing urea; harvesting at the early flowering stage of barley;
(4) land preparation before oat sowing
Applying compound fertilizer according to the using amount of 500 kg/mu, ploughing to the depth of 30cm, ploughing the ploughed black land, watering once, and soaking the water to the depth of 25 cm;
(5) oat seed selection and sowing
Uniformly mixing the screened oat seeds with a seed treatment agent according to the weight ratio of 1:5, wherein the seed treatment agent is prepared by uniformly mixing 50 parts of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, 2 parts of trace element fertilizer, 10 parts of antibacterial insecticide and 30 parts of black land soil;
sowing by adopting a drill method, wherein the sowing amount is 20 kg/mu, the row spacing is 10cm, the depth is 5cm, and after sowing is finished, watering is carried out after 1cm of soil is covered to ensure that the soil humidity is 12%;
(6) oat field management
Controlling weeds and plant diseases and insect pests, watering in time according to soil moisture content, and applying urea with the dosage of 8 kg/mu in an elongation stage and a booting stage; watering in time after dressing urea; harvesting the oat in the milk stage;
the oat seed is selected from Manyan No. 1; the barley seeds are selected from Mongolian malting No. 3; preferably, the antibacterial insecticide is a pesticide commercially available in the art; selected from imidacloprid; the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium proportion in the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer is as follows: 2 kg/mu of nitrogen, 1 kg/mu of phosphorus and 1.5 kg/mu of potassium; the seeding time of the barley is 4 months and 1 day, and the seeding time of the oat is 6 months and 25 days.
Example 2
A cultivation method for multi-cropping oat high-quality high-yield forage grass for barley in black land comprises the following steps:
(1) soil conditioning
Applying agricultural fertilizer according to the using amount of 800 kg/mu, ploughing to the depth of 25cm, ploughing the ploughed black land, watering once, and soaking the water to the depth of 30 cm;
(2) seed selection and sowing of barley
Uniformly mixing the screened barley seeds with a seed treatment agent according to the weight ratio of 1:5, wherein the seed treatment agent is prepared by uniformly mixing 50 parts of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, 4 parts of trace element fertilizer, 8 parts of antibacterial insecticide and 25 parts of black land soil;
sowing by adopting a drill method, wherein the sowing amount is 28 kg/mu, the row spacing is 14cm, the depth is 6cm, and after sowing is finished, watering is carried out after 1cm of soil is covered to ensure that the soil humidity is 15%;
(3) barley field management
Controlling weeds and plant diseases and insect pests, watering in time according to soil moisture content, and applying urea with the dosage of 8 kg/mu in an elongation stage and a booting stage; watering in time after dressing urea; harvesting at the early flowering stage of barley;
(4) land preparation before oat sowing
Applying compound fertilizer according to the using amount of 300 kg/mu, ploughing to the depth of 25cm, ploughing the ploughed black land, watering once, and soaking the water to the depth of 40 cm;
(5) oat seed selection and sowing
Uniformly mixing the screened oat seeds with a seed treatment agent according to the weight ratio of 1:6, wherein the seed treatment agent is prepared by uniformly mixing 50 parts of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, 4 parts of trace element fertilizer, 8 parts of antibacterial insecticide and 25 parts of black land soil;
sowing by adopting a scattered sowing method, wherein the sowing amount is 20 kg/mu, the row spacing is 13cm, the depth is 4cm, and watering is carried out after 1cm of soil covering is finished after sowing to ensure that the soil humidity is 10%;
(6) oat field management
Controlling weeds and plant diseases and insect pests, watering in time according to soil moisture content, and applying urea with the dosage of 7 kg/mu in an elongation stage and a booting stage; watering in time after dressing urea; harvesting the oat in the milk stage;
the oat seed is selected from white canada oat; the barley seeds are selected from sweet beer No. 4; the antibacterial insecticide is a pesticide sold in the field; is selected from abamectin; the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium proportion in the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer is as follows: nitrogen, 4 kg/acre, phosphorus, 1.5 kg/acre, potassium, 1.8 kg/acre; the seeding time of the barley is 4 months and 10 days, and the seeding time of the oat is 7 months and 2 days.
Example 3
A cultivation method for multi-cropping oat high-quality high-yield forage grass for barley in black land comprises the following steps:
(1) soil conditioning
Applying agricultural fertilizer according to the dosage of 900 kg/mu, ploughing to the depth of 20cm, ploughing the ploughed black land, watering once, and soaking the water to the depth of 30 cm;
(2) seed selection and sowing of barley
Uniformly mixing the screened barley seeds with a seed treatment agent according to the weight ratio of 1:6, wherein the seed treatment agent is 40 parts of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer; 5 parts of trace element fertilizer, 10 parts of antibacterial insecticide and 30 parts of black land soil are uniformly mixed to prepare the fertilizer;
sowing by adopting a broadcasting method, wherein the sowing amount is 26 kg/mu, the row spacing is 14cm, the depth is 4cm, and after sowing is finished, watering is carried out after covering soil for 2cm, so that the soil humidity is ensured to be 15%;
(3) barley field management
Controlling weeds and plant diseases and insect pests, watering in time according to soil moisture content, and applying urea with the dosage of 6 kg/mu in an elongation stage and a booting stage; watering in time after dressing urea; harvesting at the early flowering stage of barley;
(4) land preparation before oat sowing
Applying compound fertilizer according to the using amount of 300 kg/mu, ploughing to the depth of 30cm, ploughing the ploughed black land, watering once, and soaking the water to the depth of 40 cm;
(5) oat seed selection and sowing
Uniformly mixing the screened oat seeds with a seed treatment agent according to the weight ratio of 1:6, wherein the seed treatment agent is 40 parts of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer; 5 parts of trace element fertilizer, 10 parts of antibacterial insecticide and 30 parts of black land soil are uniformly mixed to prepare the fertilizer;
sowing by adopting a drill method, wherein the sowing amount is 20 kg/mu, the row spacing is 10cm, the depth is 5cm, and after sowing is finished, watering is carried out after covering soil for 2cm, so that the soil humidity is ensured to be 15%;
(6) oat field management
Controlling weeds and plant diseases and insect pests, watering in time according to soil moisture content, and applying urea with the dosage of 8 kg/mu in an elongation stage and a booting stage; watering in time after dressing urea; harvesting the oat in the milk stage;
the oat seed is selected from sweet swallow No. 1; the barley seeds are selected from No. 3 Longdan beer; the antibacterial insecticide is a pesticide sold in the field; selected from nitenpyram; the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium proportion in the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer is as follows: nitrogen 3 kg/mu, phosphorus 1.5 kg/mu, potassium 2 kg/mu; the seeding time of the barley is 4 months and 6 days, and the seeding time of the oat is 6 months and 29 days.
Example 4
A cultivation method for multi-cropping oat high-quality high-yield forage grass for barley in black land comprises the following steps:
(1) soil conditioning
Applying agricultural fertilizer according to the dosage of 850 kg/mu, ploughing to the depth of 24cm, ploughing the ploughed black land, watering once, and soaking the water to the depth of 35 cm;
(2) seed selection and sowing of barley
Uniformly mixing the screened barley seeds with a seed treatment agent according to the weight ratio of 1:5.5, wherein the seed treatment agent is prepared by uniformly mixing 45 parts of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, 3 parts of trace element fertilizer, 7 parts of antibacterial insecticide and 28 parts of black land soil;
sowing by adopting a broadcasting method, wherein the sowing amount is 26 kg/mu, the row spacing is 14cm, the depth is 6cm, and after sowing is finished, watering is carried out after 1cm of soil is covered to ensure that the soil humidity is 14%;
(3) barley field management
Controlling weeds and plant diseases and insect pests, watering in time according to soil moisture content, and applying urea with the dosage of 6 kg/mu in an elongation stage and a booting stage; watering in time after dressing urea; harvesting at the early flowering stage of barley;
(4) land preparation before oat sowing
Applying compound fertilizer according to the using amount of 380 kg/mu, ploughing to the depth of 30cm, ploughing the ploughed black land, watering once, and soaking the water to the depth of 40 cm;
(5) oat seed selection and sowing
Uniformly mixing the screened barley seeds with a seed treatment agent according to the weight ratio of 1:6, wherein the seed treatment agent is prepared by uniformly mixing 45 parts of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, 3 parts of trace element fertilizer, 7 parts of antibacterial insecticide and 28 parts of black land soil;
sowing by adopting a drill method, wherein the sowing amount is 17 kg/mu, the row spacing is 12cm, the depth is 5cm, and after sowing is finished, watering is carried out after covering soil for 2cm, so that the soil humidity is ensured to be 15%;
(6) oat field management
Controlling weeds and plant diseases and insect pests, watering in time according to soil moisture content, and applying urea with the dosage of 7 kg/mu in an elongation stage and a booting stage; watering in time after dressing urea; harvesting the oat in the milk stage;
the oat seed is selected from Manyan No. 1; the barley seeds are selected from Mongolian malting No. 4; the antibacterial insecticide is a pesticide sold in the field; selected from carbendazim; the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium proportion in the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer is as follows: nitrogen, 4 kg/mu, phosphorus, 1 kg/mu, potassium, 1.5 kg/mu; the seeding time of the barley is 4 months and 8 days, and the seeding time of the oat is 6 months and 28 days.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the invention, and that any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A cultivation method for multi-cropping oat high-quality high-yield forage grass for barley in black land is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) soil conditioning
Applying agricultural fertilizer according to the dosage of 800 plus-1000 kg/mu, ploughing to the depth of 20-30cm, ploughing the ploughed black land, watering once, and soaking the water to the depth of 25-40 cm;
(2) seed selection and sowing of barley
Uniformly mixing the screened barley seeds with a seed treatment agent according to the weight ratio of 1:5-6, wherein the seed treatment agent is prepared by uniformly mixing 30-50 parts of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, 2-5 parts of trace element fertilizer, 5-10 parts of antibacterial insecticide and 20-30 parts of black land soil;
sowing by adopting a method of scattered sowing or drill sowing, wherein the sowing quantity is 25-30 kg/mu, the row spacing is 13-15cm, the depth is 4-6cm, and watering is carried out after 1-2cm of soil is covered after sowing is finished, so that the soil humidity is ensured to be 10-15%;
(3) barley field management
Controlling weeds and plant diseases and insect pests, watering in time according to soil moisture content, and applying urea at an elongation stage and a booting stage, wherein the using amount is 5-8 kg/mu; watering in time after dressing urea; harvesting at the early flowering stage of barley;
(4) land preparation before oat sowing
Applying compound fertilizer according to the dosage of 300 plus 500 kg/mu, ploughing to the depth of 20-30cm, ploughing the ploughed black land, watering once, and soaking the water to the depth of 25-40 cm;
(5) oat seed selection and sowing
Uniformly mixing screened oat seeds with a seed treatment agent according to a weight ratio of 1:5-6, wherein the seed treatment agent is prepared by uniformly mixing 30-50 parts of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, 2-5 parts of trace element fertilizer, 5-10 parts of antibacterial insecticide and 20-30 parts of black land soil;
sowing by adopting a broadcasting or drilling method, wherein the sowing amount is 15-20 kg/mu, the row spacing is 10-13cm, the depth is 3-5cm, and watering is carried out after 1-2cm of soil is covered after sowing is finished, so that the soil humidity is ensured to be 10-15%;
(6) oat field management
Controlling weeds and plant diseases and insect pests, watering in time according to soil moisture content, and applying urea at an elongation stage and a booting stage, wherein the using amount is 5-8 kg/mu; watering in time after dressing urea; harvesting is carried out in the milk stage of the oat.
2. The cultivation method of the good-quality high-yield oat forage grass for the barley on the black land according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the oat seed is selected from at least one of Mongolian oat No. 1, Canadian white oat, Qinghai 444, Qingyin No. 2 and sweet oat No. 1.
3. The cultivation method of the good-quality high-yield oat forage grass for the barley on the black land according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the barley seeds are selected from at least one of Mongolian beer No. 3, Mongolian beer No. 4, sweet beer No. 4, Long beer No. 1 and Long beer No. 3.
4. The cultivation method of the good-quality high-yield oat forage grass for the barley on the black land according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the antibacterial insecticide is a pesticide sold in the field; is one selected from imidacloprid, nitenpyram, carbendazim and abamectin.
5. The cultivation method of the good-quality high-yield oat forage grass for the barley on the black land according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium proportion in the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer is as follows: 2-4 kg/mu of nitrogen, 1-1.5 kg/mu of phosphorus and 1.5-2 kg/mu of potassium.
6. The cultivation method of the good-quality high-yield oat forage grass for the barley on the black land according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the seeding time of the barley is 4 months, 1 day to 4 months and 10 days, and the seeding time of the oat is 6 months, 25 days to 7 months and 2 days.
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