CN113839493A - Mixed magnetic pole type permanent magnet synchronous motor with high magnetic resistance torque - Google Patents
Mixed magnetic pole type permanent magnet synchronous motor with high magnetic resistance torque Download PDFInfo
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- CN113839493A CN113839493A CN202110959975.7A CN202110959975A CN113839493A CN 113839493 A CN113839493 A CN 113839493A CN 202110959975 A CN202110959975 A CN 202110959975A CN 113839493 A CN113839493 A CN 113839493A
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- reluctance torque
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
- H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/27—Rotor cores with permanent magnets
- H02K1/2706—Inner rotors
- H02K1/272—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis
- H02K1/274—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets
- H02K1/2746—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets the rotor consisting of magnets arranged with the same polarity, e.g. consequent pole type
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
- H02K1/12—Stationary parts of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/14—Stator cores with salient poles
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
- H02K1/12—Stationary parts of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/16—Stator cores with slots for windings
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K21/00—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets
- H02K21/12—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets
- H02K21/14—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets with magnets rotating within the armatures
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K2213/00—Specific aspects, not otherwise provided for and not covered by codes H02K2201/00 - H02K2211/00
- H02K2213/03—Machines characterised by numerical values, ranges, mathematical expressions or similar information
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/64—Electric machine technologies in electromobility
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Permanent Field Magnets Of Synchronous Machinery (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a mixed magnetic pole type permanent magnet synchronous motor with high reluctance torque, which comprises a stator and a rotor, wherein an armature winding is embedded at the side of the stator, and L-shaped permanent magnets are uniformly arranged on the rotor along the axial direction; the L-shaped permanent magnet comprises an embedded permanent magnet and a surface-mounted permanent magnet which are distributed along the axial direction, and the surface-mounted permanent magnet and the embedded permanent magnet are L-shaped and form an included angle; according to the rotation direction, the embedded permanent magnet is provided with a first magnetism isolating groove close to the end of the rotating shaft, and the rear end of the surface-mounted permanent magnet is provided with a second magnetism isolating groove. The rotor structure can lead the salient pole direction of the motor to be advanced by 45 degrees of electric angle in the permanent magnetic pole direction, and i is adopted during forward rotationd0 control mode, generating maximum permanent magnet torqueThe maximum reluctance torque can be generated; the output torque of the motor can be obviously improved under the condition of ensuring the same permanent magnet consumption.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a mixed magnetic pole type permanent magnet synchronous motor, in particular to a mixed magnetic pole type permanent magnet synchronous motor with high reluctance torque.
Background
Because the permanent magnet is adopted to replace the excitation winding, the permanent magnet synchronous motor omits a brush commutator and the like, improves the running reliability of the motor, saves excitation loss, and improves the efficiency and power density of the motor. In recent years, high-performance permanent magnet motors are widely used in the fields of automobiles, aerospace, home appliances and the like.
The permanent magnet synchronous motor is also composed of a stator, a rotor, an end cover and the like. The stator is essentially the same as an asynchronous induction motor and typically employs a laminated design to reduce core losses. The rotor core can be made solid or laminated by lamination.
The most important difference between the permanent magnet synchronous motor and other motors is the magnetic structure of the rotor, which is closely related to the position of the permanent magnet on the rotor, so that the rotor structure can be divided into three types according to the position of the permanent magnet on the rotor: surface mount, embedded, and claw pole.
In the surface type rotor structure, the permanent magnets are usually tile-shaped and positioned on the surface of the rotor, and the air gap flux density waveform is close to a sine waveform while the surface type rotor structure has the advantages of simple structure, lower manufacturing cost and the like, so that the transmission performance of the whole system can be obviously improved. However, the direct-axis inductance of the structure is usually smaller, so the weak magnetic field acceleration capability is inferior to that of the embedded structure. The magnetic poles of the embedded structure are generally provided with magnetic fluxes by two adjacent permanent magnets together, so that each magnetic flux has larger magnetic flux. In addition, the rotor structure adopting tangential magnetization also has larger reluctance torque, but because two permanent magnets forming a magnetic pole are symmetrically distributed, i is adopteddThe reluctance torque of the motor cannot be fully utilized in the 0 control.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: the invention aims to provide a mixed magnetic pole type permanent magnet synchronous motor which realizes high torque density and high reluctance torque with wide speed regulation range.
The technical scheme is as follows: the invention relates to a mixed magnetic pole type permanent magnet synchronous motor which comprises a stator and a rotor, wherein an armature winding is embedded on the side of the stator, a permanent magnet groove is formed in the rotor, and an L-shaped permanent magnet is embedded in the permanent magnet groove; the L-shaped permanent magnet comprises an embedded permanent magnet and a surface-mounted permanent magnet which are distributed along the axial direction, and the surface-mounted permanent magnet and the embedded permanent magnet are L-shaped and form an included angle; the embedded permanent magnet is provided with a first magnetism isolating groove near the rotating shaft, and a second magnetism isolating groove is arranged at the rear end of the surface-mounted permanent magnet.
The number of the L-shaped permanent magnets is 4p, wherein p is the number of pole pairs of the motor; the included angle between the embedded permanent magnet and the surface-mounted permanent magnet ranges from 60 degrees to 90 degrees; the pole arc coefficient alpha of the L-shaped permanent magnetpComprises the following steps:
αp＝αp1+αp2
wherein alpha isp1Is the polar arc coefficient, alpha, of surface-mounted permanent magnetsp2The pole arc coefficient of the embedded permanent magnet;
αp1＝θm1p/π, where θm1The central angle of the arc length of the surface-mounted permanent magnet is the central angle;
αp2＝θm2p/π, where θm2The arc length of the embedded permanent magnet pole shoe is the central angle, and pi is the circumference ratio.
Further, αp1The value range of (a) is 0.2-0.8, alphap2The value range of (a) is 0.2-0.8, alphapThe value range of (A) is 0.4-1.
Further, the thickness coefficient k of the embedded permanent magnetb2Comprises the following steps:
kb2＝bm2/bm1
wherein, bm1、bm2Thickness, k, of surface-mounted permanent magnet and embedded permanent magnet, respectivelyb2The value range of (A) is 0.5-2;
length coefficient k of embedded permanent magneth2Comprises the following steps:
kh2＝θm2·D/hm2
wherein D is the outer diameter of the rotor, hm2Is the length, k, of the embedded permanent magneth2The value range of (a) is 0.5-2.
Further, the length of the first magnetism isolating groove is 4 mm.
Further, the armature winding is a double-layer distributed winding, a single-layer distributed winding or a centralized winding.
Further, the iron cores of the stator and the rotor are made of silicon steel sheets or soft magnetic materials.
Furthermore, the embedded permanent magnet adopts parallel magnetization, and the surface-mounted permanent magnet adopts parallel magnetization or radial magnetization.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following remarkable effects: 1. the surface-mounted permanent magnet and the embedded permanent magnet are close to each other, and the magnetic leakage is hardly caused at the place where the two permanent magnets are close to each other, so that a corresponding magnetism isolating groove is not required to be arranged; 2. the invention adjusts the central angle alpha occupied by the arc length of the surface-mounted permanent magnetp1The arc length of the magnetism isolating groove accounts for the central angle thetagThe pole arc coefficient is adjusted according to the size, and the average torque can be effectively improved and the torque pulsation is reduced by optimizing the pole arc coefficient and the position of the surface-mounted permanent magnet; 3. the invention leads the axis of the salient pole of the rotor to be 45 degrees ahead of the axis of the straight shaft of the magnetic pole, and when the invention adopts idWhen the control is equal to 0, all the reluctance torque can be utilized, so that the situation that the electromagnetic torque is reduced when the advance angle control is adopted is avoided; 4. the invention arranges the magnetic isolation groove structure at the rear end of the surface-mounted permanent magnet, which ensures that when the motor adopts idWhen the control is 0, the permanent magnet has good demagnetization resistance; 5. the invention can output larger torque when phase current with the same amplitude is introduced, thereby improving the efficiency of the motor; 6. the invention has the characteristics of both an embedded permanent magnet motor and a surface-mounted permanent magnet motor, and has the advantages of high torque density, wide speed regulation range and wide application range.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional general schematic view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional structural view of a stator portion of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional structural view of a rotor section of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a single pole of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the magnetic pole of the present invention, the axis of the direct axis, the quadrature axis, the rotor salient pole axis, the magnetization direction of the permanent magnet, and the rotation direction of the motor;
FIG. 6 is a waveform of the air gap flux density of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a phase winding flux linkage waveform of the present invention;
fig. 8 is a torque comparison diagram of the embodiment of the invention and a conventional embedded permanent magnet synchronous motor when the advance angle control is adopted.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the drawings and the detailed description.
Taking a 6-pair-pole mixed magnetic pole type permanent magnet synchronous motor as an example, as shown in fig. 1, 2 and 3, the mixed magnetic pole type permanent magnet synchronous motor of the invention comprises a stator 1 and a rotor 2, wherein an armature winding 5 is embedded on the side of the stator 1; the stator 1 is distributed with n tooth sockets, the groove type adopts a pear-shaped groove, a group of three-phase windings are embedded in the pear-shaped groove, and the three-phase windings adopt double-layer overlapping short-distance windings.
A first magnetism isolating groove 6 is arranged at the end part of the inner side of the embedded permanent magnet 3, a second magnetism isolating groove 7 is arranged at the rear end of the surface-mounted permanent magnet 4 according to the rotation direction, wherein the first magnetism isolating groove 6 at the tail end of the embedded permanent magnet 2 is of a fixed length, and the radian occupied by the second magnetism isolating groove 7 at the tail end of the surface-mounted permanent magnet 4 is defined as thetag。
As shown in fig. 4, the pole arc coefficients of the surface-mount permanent magnet are:
αp1＝θm1·p/π (1)
in the formula (1), θm1The central angle of the arc length of the surface-mounted permanent magnet is the central angle; alpha is alphap1The value range of (A) is 0.2-0.8.
The pole arc coefficient of the embedded permanent magnet is as follows:
αp2＝θm2·p/π (2)
in the formula (2), θm2The arc length of the embedded permanent magnet pole shoe occupies the central angle. Alpha is alphap2The value range of (A) is 0.2-0.8.
The pole arc coefficient of the permanent magnetic pole is as follows:
αp＝αp1+αp2 (3)
wherein alpha ispThe value range of (A) is 0.4-1.
The thickness coefficient of the embedded permanent magnet 3 is:
kb2＝bm2/bm1 (4)
wherein b ism1、bm2Thickness, k, of surface-mounted permanent magnet and embedded permanent magnet, respectivelyb2The value range of (a) is 0.5-2.
The length coefficient of the embedded permanent magnet 3 is:
kh2＝θm2·D/hm2 (5)
where D is the outer diameter of the electron rotor, hm2Is the length, k, of the embedded permanent magneth2The value range of (a) is 0.5-2.
The invention adopts a 6-pair-pole three-phase mixed magnetic pole type permanent magnet synchronous motor which is provided with 12 surface-mounted permanent magnets 4 and 12 embedded permanent magnets 3. A first magnetism isolating groove 6 with the fixed length of 4mm is arranged at the part of the embedded permanent magnet 3 close to the rotating shaft; the surface-mounted permanent magnet 4 is provided with a second magnetism isolating groove 7 at the position close to the iron core, and the central angle theta occupied by the arc length of the second magnetism isolating grooveg＝5.5°。
By the length h of the embedded permanent magnet 3m2And thickness bm2The optimal design can make the magnetic densities in the pole shoe of the embedded permanent magnet 3 and the surface-mounted permanent magnet 4 in the air gap close, as shown in fig. 6. After the optimization design, the flux linkage which sinusoidally changes with the rotor angle can be obtained, and the corresponding flux linkage waveform is shown in fig. 7.
As shown in fig. 5, which is a schematic view of the rotor salient pole axis d ', the permanent magnet pole direct axis d and the quadrature axis q, it can be seen that the rotor salient pole axis d' leads the permanent magnet pole direct axis d by an electrical angle of 45 °. This enables the motor to adopt idIn the case of 0 control, the maximum reluctance torque can be used. Where n is the rotational speed of the motor, the direction of rotation is counterclockwise.
Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram showing a comparison of torque output curves of the motor of the present invention and a conventional embedded permanent magnet synchronous motor under the same volume and the same permanent magnet usage amount and by using advance angle control. From FIG. 8, it can be derived that at idWhen the output torque is 0, namely the current vector leads the straight shaft by 90 degrees, the output torque of the synchronous motor is the maximum, and is 25 percent higher than that of the traditional embedded permanent magnet motor at the maximum value of the output torque.
If the motor of the present invention is driven by a prime mover, power generation can be performed. If at this point i is still useddWhen the motor rotates clockwise, i is the same as the control of 0qUnder the current, the motor can output larger electric power.
The armature winding 5 of the present invention is a double-layer distributed winding or a single-layer distributed winding or a concentrated winding. The stator iron core and the rotor iron core are formed by laminating silicon steel sheets or are made of other soft magnetic materials.
The invention has the characteristics of both embedded permanent magnet motors and surface-mounted permanent magnet motors, has high torque density and wide speed regulation range, and can be suitable for the field of electric automobiles.
The mixed magnetic pole type permanent magnet synchronous motor can also be used as an outer rotor structure motor.
The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail with reference to the drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and various changes can be made within the knowledge of those skilled in the art without departing from the gist of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A mixed magnetic pole type permanent magnet synchronous motor with high reluctance torque is characterized by comprising a stator (1) and a rotor (2), wherein an armature winding (5) is embedded on the side of the stator (1), permanent magnet grooves are uniformly arranged on the rotor (2) along the radial direction, and L-shaped permanent magnets are embedded in the permanent magnet grooves; the L-shaped permanent magnet comprises an embedded permanent magnet (3) and a surface-mounted permanent magnet (4) which are distributed along the axial direction, and the surface-mounted permanent magnet (4) and the embedded permanent magnet (3) are L-shaped and form an included angle; the embedded permanent magnet (3) is provided with a first magnetism isolating groove (6) close to the end of the rotating shaft, and the rear end of the surface-mounted permanent magnet (4) is provided with a second magnetism isolating groove (7).
2. The high reluctance torque hybrid magnetic pole permanent magnet synchronous machine of claim 1 wherein the number of L-shaped permanent magnets is 4p, where p is the number of pole pairs of the machine; the included angle between the embedded permanent magnet (3) and the surface-mounted permanent magnet (4) ranges from 60 degrees to 90 degrees; the pole arc coefficient alpha of the L-shaped permanent magnetpComprises the following steps:
αp＝αp1+αp2
wherein alpha isp1Is the polar arc coefficient, alpha, of surface-mounted permanent magnetsp2The pole arc coefficient of the embedded permanent magnet;
αp1＝θm1p/π, where θm1The central angle of the arc length of the surface-mounted permanent magnet is the central angle;
αp2＝θm2p/π, where θm2The arc length of the embedded permanent magnet pole shoe is the central angle, and pi is the circumference ratio.
3. The high reluctance torque hybrid magnetic pole permanent magnet synchronous machine of claim 2, wherein α isp1The value range of (a) is 0.2-0.8, alphap2The value range of (a) is 0.2-0.8, alphapThe value range of (A) is 0.4-1.
4. The high reluctance torque hybrid magnetic pole permanent magnet synchronous machine of claim 1, wherein the thickness coefficient k of the embedded permanent magnetb2Comprises the following steps:
kb2＝bm2/bm1
wherein, bm1、bm2Thickness, k, of surface-mounted permanent magnet and embedded permanent magnet, respectivelyb2The value range of (A) is 0.5-2;
length coefficient k of embedded permanent magneth2Comprises the following steps:
kh2＝θm2·D/hm2
wherein D is the outer diameter of the rotor, hm2Is the length, k, of the embedded permanent magneth2The value range of (a) is 0.5-2.
5. A high reluctance torque hybrid magnetic pole permanent magnet synchronous machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the length of the first flux barrier groove (6) is 4 mm.
6. High reluctance torque hybrid permanent magnet synchronous machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the armature winding (5) is a double layer distributed winding, or a single layer distributed winding, or a concentrated winding.
7. The high reluctance torque hybrid magnetic pole type permanent magnet synchronous motor according to claim 1, wherein the iron cores of the stator (1) and the rotor (2) are made of silicon steel sheets or soft magnetic materials.
8. The high reluctance torque hybrid magnetic pole permanent magnet synchronous machine according to claim 1, wherein the embedded permanent magnets (3) are parallel magnetized, and the surface-mounted permanent magnets (4) are parallel magnetized or radial magnetized.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110959975.7A CN113839493B (en) | 2021-08-20 | 2021-08-20 | Mixed magnetic pole type permanent magnet synchronous motor with high magnetic resistance torque |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202110959975.7A CN113839493B (en) | 2021-08-20 | 2021-08-20 | Mixed magnetic pole type permanent magnet synchronous motor with high magnetic resistance torque |
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| CN113839493A true CN113839493A (en) | 2021-12-24 |
| CN113839493B CN113839493B (en) | 2023-01-03 |
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Citations (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2001197694A (en) * | 2000-01-14 | 2001-07-19 | Sharp Corp | Rotor for synchronous machine, synchronous motor and synchronous generator |
| JP2006311772A (en) * | 2005-05-02 | 2006-11-09 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | Dynamo-electric motor |
| CN101399474A (en) * | 2007-09-29 | 2009-04-01 | 崔炳如 | Rotor for permanent magnet synchronous motor |
| US20140159529A1 (en) * | 2012-12-11 | 2014-06-12 | Mcmaster University | Switched reluctance machine with rotor excitation using permanent magnets |
| CN106451859A (en) * | 2016-12-21 | 2017-02-22 | 北京理工大学 | Hybrid magnetic circuit rotor of permanent magnet synchronous motor |
| CN108667177A (en) * | 2018-06-15 | 2018-10-16 | 江苏大学 | A kind of high torque density asymmetrical rotor structure |
| CN108768027A (en) * | 2018-08-15 | 2018-11-06 | 珠海格力节能环保制冷技术研究中心有限公司 | Rotor and magneto |
| CN109193985A (en) * | 2018-11-15 | 2019-01-11 | 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 | Rotor, magneto and washing machine |
| WO2020089110A1 (en) * | 2018-10-30 | 2020-05-07 | Feaam Gmbh | Electrical machine and method for operating the electrical machine |
-
2021
- 2021-08-20 CN CN202110959975.7A patent/CN113839493B/en active Active
Patent Citations (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2001197694A (en) * | 2000-01-14 | 2001-07-19 | Sharp Corp | Rotor for synchronous machine, synchronous motor and synchronous generator |
| JP2006311772A (en) * | 2005-05-02 | 2006-11-09 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | Dynamo-electric motor |
| CN101399474A (en) * | 2007-09-29 | 2009-04-01 | 崔炳如 | Rotor for permanent magnet synchronous motor |
| US20140159529A1 (en) * | 2012-12-11 | 2014-06-12 | Mcmaster University | Switched reluctance machine with rotor excitation using permanent magnets |
| CN106451859A (en) * | 2016-12-21 | 2017-02-22 | 北京理工大学 | Hybrid magnetic circuit rotor of permanent magnet synchronous motor |
| CN108667177A (en) * | 2018-06-15 | 2018-10-16 | 江苏大学 | A kind of high torque density asymmetrical rotor structure |
| CN108768027A (en) * | 2018-08-15 | 2018-11-06 | 珠海格力节能环保制冷技术研究中心有限公司 | Rotor and magneto |
| WO2020089110A1 (en) * | 2018-10-30 | 2020-05-07 | Feaam Gmbh | Electrical machine and method for operating the electrical machine |
| CN109193985A (en) * | 2018-11-15 | 2019-01-11 | 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 | Rotor, magneto and washing machine |
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