CN113839212A - Ku wave band leaky-wave antenna based on ridge gap waveguide - Google Patents
Ku wave band leaky-wave antenna based on ridge gap waveguide Download PDFInfo
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- CN113839212A CN113839212A CN202110993671.2A CN202110993671A CN113839212A CN 113839212 A CN113839212 A CN 113839212A CN 202110993671 A CN202110993671 A CN 202110993671A CN 113839212 A CN113839212 A CN 113839212A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
- H01Q13/20—Non-resonant leaky-waveguide or transmission-line antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
- H01Q13/22—Longitudinal slot in boundary wall of waveguide or transmission line
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
- H01P5/00—Coupling devices of the waveguide type
- H01P5/08—Coupling devices of the waveguide type for linking dissimilar lines or devices
- H01P5/082—Transitions between hollow waveguides of different shape, e.g. between a rectangular and a circular waveguide
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
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Abstract
The invention discloses a Ku waveband leaky-wave antenna based on ridge gap waveguides, which belongs to the technical field of wireless mobile communication and comprises a lower flat metal layer provided with a square pin array, a metal ridge and two rectangular waveguide-ridge waveguide adapters, and an upper flat metal layer provided with a plurality of transverse grooves and longitudinal grooves, wherein the transverse grooves are periodically arranged right above the metal ridge, the longitudinal grooves are staggered above a region between the metal ridge and the square pin array and on two sides of the transverse grooves for half a period, the number and the period of the transverse grooves and the longitudinal grooves on one side are the same, and the transverse grooves are positioned in the middle of the central lines of the adjacent staggered longitudinal grooves on two sides; the rectangular waveguide-ridge waveguide adapter comprises a ridge waveguide transition section, a conical step transition section and a rectangular waveguide transition section in sequence, wherein steps of the conical step transition section are alternately arranged in equal height or equal width to reduce return loss. The leaky-wave antenna provided by the invention has a wider beam scanning range, and reduces side lobe levels while realizing low-loss matching.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of wireless mobile communication, and particularly relates to a Ku-band leaky-wave antenna based on ridge gap waveguides.
Background
A leaky wave antenna is a typical traveling wave antenna, and is widely used in communication, radar, and navigation systems because it has a simple structure and can provide a beam that is scanned with frequency. The waveguide leaky-wave antenna is a common implementation form of the leaky-wave antenna, has the advantages of low loss, compact structure, high radiation efficiency, large power capacity and the like, and has a very wide application prospect. However, in the millimeter wave band, the upper and lower metal layers of the closed waveguide need good electrical contact, which results in higher processing precision and corresponding increase in the cost of the antenna.
Per-Simon Kildal proposed in 2009 the concept of a gap waveguide, which has the advantages of a rectangular waveguide and can reduce the processing difficulty due to its non-contact upper and lower metal plates. The gap waveguide is composed of an upper metal flat plate, a lower metal flat plate and square pins on the lower metal flat plate, electromagnetic waves can be transmitted through grooves or ridges between the square pins on the two sides, and the square pins on the two sides form soft and hard surfaces, so that the electromagnetic waves cannot be transmitted to the two sides. Therefore, in the millimeter wave frequency band, the gap waveguide can replace a rectangular waveguide to be used as a transmission line structure of the waveguide leaky-wave antenna. However, at present, there are few antennas using ridge gap waveguides as transmission line structures, and the wider beam scanning range can be realized only by loading dielectric sheets.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a Ku waveband leaky-wave antenna based on ridge gap waveguide, which aims at solving the problems in the prior art, has a wider beam scanning range, and realizes low-loss matching by obtaining a rectangular waveguide-ridge waveguide adapter based on tapered step transition sections which are alternately arranged at equal height or equal width.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a Ku waveband leaky-wave antenna based on ridge gap waveguides comprises an upper flat metal layer, a lower flat metal layer, a square pin array, a metal ridge and two rectangular waveguide-ridge waveguide adapters, wherein a gap exists between the upper flat metal layer and the lower flat metal layer, the metal ridge is positioned on a central axis of the upper surface of the lower flat metal layer, the two rectangular waveguide-ridge waveguide adapters are respectively positioned at two ends of the metal ridge and connected with corresponding rectangular waveguide ports, the square pin array is positioned on the periphery of the upper surface of the lower flat metal layer, and the upper flat metal layer is provided with a plurality of transverse grooves and longitudinal grooves; the device is characterized in that the transverse grooves are periodically arranged right above the metal ridge, the longitudinal grooves are staggered above the region between the metal ridge and the square pin array and on two sides of the transverse grooves by half a period, the number and the period of the transverse grooves and the longitudinal grooves on one side are the same, and the transverse grooves are positioned in the middle of the central lines of the adjacent staggered longitudinal grooves on the two sides; the rectangular waveguide-ridge waveguide adapter comprises a ridge waveguide transition section, a conical step transition section and a rectangular waveguide transition section which are sequentially arranged, wherein the rear step and the front step of the conical step transition section are alternately arranged in the same height or the same width from a metal ridge to a rectangular waveguide port, so that the low-loss conversion of a rectangular waveguide TE wave and a ridge waveguide surface wave is realized.
Further, the cross-sectional dimension of the ridge waveguide transition section is larger than the cross-sectional dimension of the metal ridge.
Further, the rectangular waveguide transition section extends into the rectangular waveguide port, and the length of the extending part is not less than 50% of the length of the whole rectangular waveguide transition section.
Furthermore, the taper-shaped step transition section comprises four steps, and the transition section from the ridge waveguide transition section to the rectangular waveguide transition section is a first step, a second step, a third step and a fourth step in sequence; wherein the first step is wider and lower than the ridge waveguide transition section; the second step and the first step are equal in height and narrower in width; the third step and the second step are equal in width and lower in height; the fourth order and the third order have the same height and narrower width; the rectangular waveguide transition section is narrower than the fourth step in width and lower in height.
Further, the width of the gap between the upper flat metal layer and the upper surface of the square pin array is less than a quarter of the center wavelength.
Furthermore, the groove length of the longitudinal groove is larger than that of the transverse groove, the angle polishing design is carried out on the longitudinal groove, the transverse groove is subjected to inductive loading to obtain a larger bandwidth, electromagnetic waves are mainly radiated through the longitudinal groove, and the transverse groove contributes to electromagnetic radiation to a smaller extent.
Further, one of the two rectangular waveguide ports is used for feeding and the other is used for matching the load.
Further, the arrangement period length of the transverse grooves and the longitudinal grooves is two period lengths of the square pin array.
Further, the material of the rectangular waveguide-ridge waveguide adapter is the same as that of the metal ridge.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention provides a Ku waveband leaky-wave antenna based on ridge gap waveguide, which can be used for binding electromagnetic waves in a certain frequency range near a metal ridge, slotting on an upper flat metal layer to realize leaky-wave and realizing a wider beam scanning range;
2. as the return loss mainly occurs at the step size gradient of the rectangular waveguide-ridge waveguide adapter, the invention designs a novel rectangular waveguide-ridge waveguide adapter, wherein the conical step transition section adopts a structure that the later step and the former step are equal in height or equal in width and are alternately arranged so as to reduce the step gradient and further reduce the return loss, and the embodiment shows that the S with the bandwidth of 15.8 GHz-17.8 GHz11The parameters are below-10 dB, and good matching is realized;
3. the antenna has good matching and wider bandwidth by carrying out inductive loading on the transverse groove above the metal ridge, and electromagnetic wave leakage is limited by using two vertical grooves staggered up and down and a middle transverse groove as a radiating unit to reduce the number of the transverse grooves as much as possible so as to reduce the level of a side lobe.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a three-dimensional perspective view of a Ku-band leaky-wave antenna based on ridge-gap waveguides according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a top view of a lower plate metal layer provided in embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a side view of a rectangular waveguide-ridge waveguide adapter in a lower planar metal layer as provided in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a top view of the upper plate metal layer provided in embodiment 1 of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a top perspective view of a Ku-band leaky-wave antenna based on a ridge-gap waveguide according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a two-dimensional dispersion curve of a square pin array provided in embodiment 1 of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a one-dimensional dispersion curve of the square pin array provided in embodiment 1 of the present invention;
fig. 8 is an S of a Ku-band leaky-wave antenna based on ridge-gap waveguides according to embodiment 1 of the present invention11A parameter simulation result curve;
fig. 9 is a gain diagram of the Ku-band leaky-wave antenna based on the ridge-gap waveguide according to embodiment 1 of the present invention at 15.8GHz, 16.8GHz, and 17.8GHz, respectively.
The reference numerals are explained below:
(1): a lower plate metal layer; (2): an upper flat metal layer; (3): a longitudinal slot; (4): a transverse slot; (5): a square pin array; (6): a rectangular waveguide port; (7): a rectangular waveguide-ridge waveguide adapter; (8): a metal ridge.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be further described with reference to the following embodiments and the accompanying drawings. The present embodiments are illustrative, and the claims hereof are not to be limited to only such embodiments.
Example 1:
the embodiment provides a Ku waveband leaky-wave antenna based on ridge gap waveguide, a three-dimensional perspective view of which is shown in fig. 1 and comprises an upper flat metal layer (1), a lower flat metal layer (2), a square pin array (5), a metal ridge (8) and two rectangular waveguide-ridge waveguide adapters (7), wherein a gap exists between the upper flat metal layer and the lower flat metal layer; the leaky-wave antenna proposed in this embodiment is fed by using a WR-62 standard waveguide, and has a center frequency of 16.8GHz and a total length of 336 mm.
The top view of the lower flat metal layer (2) is shown in fig. 2, wherein the metal ridge (8) is located on the central axis of the upper surface of the lower flat metal layer (2), the width is 4mm, and the height is 4 mm; the two rectangular waveguide-ridge waveguide adapters (7) are respectively positioned at two ends of the metal ridge (8) and connected with the corresponding rectangular waveguide ports (6), wherein one rectangular waveguide port (6) is used for excitation, and the other rectangular waveguide port is used for matching so as to ensure that electromagnetic waves are transmitted in the ridge gap waveguide in a traveling wave mode; the square pin array (5) is positioned around the upper surface of the lower flat metal layer (2), the period length p is 6mm, the side length of each pin is 3mm, the height of each pin is 4mm, the distance between the square pins is 3m, and the width of a gap between the upper flat metal layer (1) and the upper surface of the square pin array (5) is 1 mm; the material of the rectangular waveguide-ridge waveguide adapter (7) is the same as that of the metal ridge (8).
The side view of the rectangular waveguide-ridge waveguide adapter (7) is shown in fig. 3, and the rectangular waveguide-ridge waveguide adapter comprises a ridge waveguide transition section, a taper step transition section and a rectangular waveguide transition section which are sequentially arranged, wherein the rear step and the front step of the taper step transition section are arranged alternately in the same height or the same width from a metal ridge (8) to a rectangular waveguide port (6), so that the low-loss conversion of a rectangular waveguide TE wave and a ridge waveguide surface wave is realized, specifically, the rectangular waveguide-ridge waveguide adapter comprises four steps, and the ridge waveguide transition section and the rectangular waveguide transition section are sequentially a first step, a second step, a third step and a fourth step; wherein the first step is wider and lower than the ridge waveguide transition section; the second step and the first step are equal in height and narrower in width; the third step and the second step are equal in width and lower in height; the fourth order and the third order have the same height and narrower width; the rectangular waveguide transition section is narrower than the fourth step in width and lower in height. Wherein the ridge waveguide transition section has a length of 4mm, a width of 6mm and a height of 3.6 mm; the length of the first step is 3.25mm, the width is 8mm, and the height is 3 mm; the length of the second step is 2mm, the width is 6.4mm, and the height is 3 mm; the length of the third step is 1.75mm, the width is 6.4mm, and the height is 2.4 mm; the fourth step has a length of 1.6mm, a width of 4mm and a height of 2.4 mm; the rectangular waveguide transition section has a length of 3.3mm, a width of 2.1mm and a height of 1.6 mm.
The top view of the upper flat metal layer (1) is shown in fig. 4, the upper flat metal layer (1) is provided with 21 transverse grooves (4) and 42 longitudinal grooves (3), wherein the widths of the transverse grooves (4) and the longitudinal grooves (3) are both 1mm, the length of the transverse grooves (4) is 2.4mm, the transverse grooves are subjected to inductive loading, the length of the longitudinal grooves (3) is 7mm, the angle polishing treatment is performed on the longitudinal grooves, and electromagnetic waves are mainly radiated through the longitudinal grooves (3); as shown in fig. 5, the transverse grooves (4) are periodically arranged right above the metal ridge (8), the longitudinal grooves (3) are staggered and arranged in a half period at two sides of the transverse grooves (4) above the region between the metal ridge (8) and the square pin array (5), and the distance between the longitudinal grooves (3) and the central axis of the upper flat metal layer (1) is 4 mm; the period of the transverse groove (4) and the period of the longitudinal groove (3) on one side are both 12mm of the period length of the square pin array (5), and the transverse groove (4) is positioned in the middle of the central line of the adjacent staggered longitudinal grooves (3) on two sides and is separated from the central line by the period length (P/2) of one half of the square pin array (5).
According to the size of the square pin array (5) adopted in the present embodiment, a two-dimensional dispersion characteristic curve as shown in fig. 6 is obtained, and it is known that electromagnetic waves cannot be transmitted in the frequency range of 11.2GHz to 25.1GHz, and a stop band state is exhibited.
According to the size of the square pin array (5) adopted in the present embodiment, a one-dimensional dispersion characteristic curve as shown in fig. 7 is obtained, and it can be seen that waveguide single-mode transmission is performed in the frequency range of 13.4GHz to 21.2 GHz.
Wherein, the mode 1, the mode 2, the mode 3, the mode 4, the mode 7 and the mode 8 are modes which can propagate in the square pin array (5), the square pin array (5) can not limit the leakage, and the modes 1-4 are TE20Mode, mode 7 and mode 8 are TM20Molding; modes 5 and 6 are modes of operation that can be confined within a ridge-gap waveguide, with mode 5 being TE10Mode 6 being TE20And (5) molding.
S of leaky-wave antenna shown in FIG. 811Curve of the result of the parameter simulation, known as S11The parameter value is less than-10 dB, namely the energy reflected by the rectangular waveguide port (6) does not exceed 10%, and more than 90% of the energy enters the leaky-wave antenna from one rectangular waveguide port (6), which shows that the rectangular waveguide-ridge waveguide adapter (7) provided by the embodiment can realize low-loss matching.
From the gain diagrams of the leaky-wave antenna shown in fig. 9 at 15.8GHz, 16.8GHz, and 17.8GHz, respectively, it can be seen that when the frequency is increased from 15.8GHz to 17.8GHz, the leaky-wave antenna proposed in this embodiment achieves beam scanning of θ from-38 ° to-26 °.
Claims (7)
1. A Ku waveband leaky-wave antenna based on ridge gap waveguides comprises an upper flat metal layer, a lower flat metal layer, a square pin array, a metal ridge and two rectangular waveguide-ridge waveguide adapters, wherein a gap exists between the upper flat metal layer and the lower flat metal layer, the metal ridge is positioned on a central axis of the upper surface of the lower flat metal layer, the two rectangular waveguide-ridge waveguide adapters are respectively positioned at two ends of the metal ridge and connected with corresponding rectangular waveguide ports, the square pin array is positioned on the periphery of the upper surface of the lower flat metal layer, and the upper flat metal layer is provided with a plurality of transverse grooves and longitudinal grooves; the device is characterized in that the transverse grooves are periodically arranged right above the metal ridge, the longitudinal grooves are staggered above the region between the metal ridge and the square pin array and on two sides of the transverse grooves by half a period, the number and the period of the transverse grooves and the longitudinal grooves on one side are the same, and the transverse grooves are positioned in the middle of the central lines of the adjacent staggered longitudinal grooves on the two sides; the rectangular waveguide-ridge waveguide adapter comprises a ridge waveguide transition section, a conical step transition section and a rectangular waveguide transition section which are sequentially arranged, wherein the rear step and the front step of the conical step transition section are alternately arranged in equal height or equal width.
2. The Ku-band leaky-wave antenna based on the ridge gap waveguide as claimed in claim 1, wherein the tapered step transition section comprises four steps, and the first step, the second step, the third step and the fourth step are sequentially arranged from the ridge waveguide transition section to the rectangular waveguide transition section; wherein the first step is wider and lower than the ridge waveguide transition section; the second step and the first step are equal in height and narrower in width; the third step and the second step are equal in width and lower in height; the fourth order and the third order have the same height and narrower width; the rectangular waveguide transition section is narrower than the fourth step in width and lower in height.
3. The Ku-band leaky-wave antenna based on ridge-gap waveguides as claimed in claim 1, wherein a gap width between the upper plate metal layer and an upper surface of the square-shaped pin array is less than a quarter of a center wavelength.
4. The Ku-band leaky-wave antenna based on the ridge gap waveguide as claimed in claim 1, wherein the arrangement period length of the transverse grooves and the longitudinal grooves is two period lengths of a square pin array.
5. The Ku-band leaky-wave antenna based on the ridge gap waveguide as claimed in claim 1, wherein the groove length of the longitudinal groove is larger than that of the transverse groove, the longitudinal groove is subjected to angle polishing design, the transverse groove is subjected to inductive loading, and electromagnetic waves are radiated through the longitudinal groove.
6. The Ku-band leaky-wave antenna based on the ridge-gap waveguide as claimed in claim 1, wherein the rectangular waveguide transition section extends into the rectangular waveguide port, and the length of the extending part is not less than 50% of the total length.
7. The Ku-band leaky-wave antenna based on ridge-gap waveguides as claimed in claim 1, wherein a cross-sectional dimension of the transition section of the ridge waveguide is larger than a cross-sectional dimension of the metal ridge.
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| CN202110993671.2A CN113839212B (en) | 2021-08-27 | 2021-08-27 | Ku wave band leaky-wave antenna based on ridge gap waveguide |
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| CN106785433A (en) * | 2017-01-13 | 2017-05-31 | 中国科学院国家空间科学中心 | A kind of zero-clearance scanning leaky-wave antenna based on ridge gap guide technology |
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2021
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Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN106785433A (en) * | 2017-01-13 | 2017-05-31 | 中国科学院国家空间科学中心 | A kind of zero-clearance scanning leaky-wave antenna based on ridge gap guide technology |
| CN107134658A (en) * | 2017-03-30 | 2017-09-05 | 宁波大学 | One kind miniaturization CTS flat plate array antennas |
| CN209119340U (en) * | 2018-12-28 | 2019-07-16 | 四川睿迪澳科技有限公司 | Airborne conformal flush mounting wave beam wide-angle leans forward antenna |
| CN110233320A (en) * | 2019-05-17 | 2019-09-13 | 零八一电子集团有限公司 | Present formula suspended stripline waveguide transitions structure in side |
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